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The object of a discussion is often to resolve a difference of opinion. This requires common grounds from which to logically convince one's opponent that one's claim is better supported and that the opponent's claim is supported by false grounds and or warrants (see
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structure used to determine the validity or dependencies of a claim made in natural-language
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Claims, grounds and warrants are often not known for certain, so they are presented with a
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W1.1: Because
Newtonian physics applies it would defy the laws of Newtonian physics.
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G2.1: There is no print record of any reputable person claiming such a thing.
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G1.2: There is no print record of any reputable person claiming such a thing.
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G1.1: Newtonian physics apply to all super quantum systems including people
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W1: Because it defies the laws of
Newtonian physics it can not be done.
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W2.1: Because there is no print record it is highly improbable.
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W1.2: Because there is no print record it is highly improbable.
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W2: Because no one has ever flown, it is highly improbable.
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Q: In a gravity field without assistance or modification
139:: The ability to learn tricks is a mark of intelligence.
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Where: C=claim, W=warrant, G=ground, and Q=qualifier
133:: Cats cannot learn to do tricks as well as dogs do.
106:; in this way the tree can grow to be quite large.
318:About Argumentation by University of California
48:can be thought of as two or more contradicting
176:G1: It defies the laws of Newtonian physics.
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127:: Cats are less intelligent than dogs.
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323:Argumentation by Winthrop University
102:When a ground is disputable it is a
64:: a belief supported by information.
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99:to indicate their probability.
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224:G2: No one has ever flown.
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16:Method of claim validation
273:Toulmin model of argument
77:: supporting information.
67:The root branches out to
263:Argumentation framework
157:Practical argument tree
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90:: rules or principles.
295:The Craft of Research
162:C: Humans can't fly.
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235:Q: Highly improbable
219:Q: Highly improbable
203:Q: Highly improbable
84:connecting them are
26:Practical arguments
308:Joseph M. Williams
227:Q: Disputable fact
179:Q: Disputable fact
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60:of each tree is a
304:Gregory G. Colomb
290:by John D. Ramage
288:Writing Arguments
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268:Logical argument
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50:tree structures
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19:Main article:
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113:Occam's razor
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258:Argument map
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40:Overview...
279:References
71:that are
340:Arguments
284:Printed:
144:Example 2
119:Example 1
104:sub claim
96:qualifier
34:arguments
334:Category
306:, &
252:See also
87:warrants
46:argument
21:Argument
314:Online
243:Q: Fact
211:Q: Fact
195:Q: Fact
187:Q: Fact
171:Q: Fact
137:Warrant
74:grounds
30:logical
131:Ground
28:are a
125:Claim
82:edges
69:nodes
62:claim
80:The
58:root
56:The
298:by
44:An
336::
302:,
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