Knowledge

Medical guideline

Source πŸ“

257:. According to a meta-analysis after introduction of the checklist mortality dropped by 23% and all complications by 40%, but further high-quality studies are required to make the meta-analysis more robust. In the UK, a study on the implementation of a checklist for provision of medical care to elderly patients admitting to hospital found that the checklist highlighted limitations with frailty assessment in acute care and motivated teams to review routine practices, but that work is needed to understand whether and how checklists can be embedded in complex multidisciplinary care. 38: 285:
Guidelines may have both methodological problems and conflict of interest. As such, the quality of guidelines may vary substantially, especially for guidelines that are published on-line and have not had to follow methodological reporting standards often required by reputable clearinghouses. Patients
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Haynes, Alex B.; Weiser, Thomas G.; Berry, William R.; Lipsitz, Stuart R.; Breizat, Abdel-Hadi S.; Dellinger, E. Patchen; Herbosa, Teodoro; Joseph, Sudhir; Kibatala, Pascience L.; Lapitan, Marie Carmela M.; Merry, Alan F.; Moorthy, Krishna; Reznick, Richard K.; Taylor, Bryce; Gawande, Atul A. (29
1166:– In Canada, British Columbia's guidelines and protocols are developed under the direction of the Guidelines and Protocols Advisory Committee (GPAC), jointly sponsored by the B.C. Medical Association and the B.C. Ministry of Health Services. 1172:– An international, independent, not-for-profit organisation of over 27,000 contributors from more than 100 countries, dedicated to making up-to-date, accurate information about the effects of health care readily available worldwide. 265:
Guidelines may lose their clinical relevance as they age and newer research emerges. Even 20% of strong recommendations, especially when based on opinion rather than trials, from practice guidelines may be retracted.
1508: 77:. However, in contrast to previous approaches, which were often based on tradition or authority, modern medical guidelines are based on an examination of current evidence within the paradigm of 89:. A healthcare provider is obliged to know the medical guidelines of their profession, and has to decide whether to follow the recommendations of a guideline for an individual treatment. 490:
Developing a methodology for drawing up guidelines on best medical practice. Recommendation Rec(2001)13 and explanatory memorandum. Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing, 2002.
1121:"Transcatheter or surgical aortic valve replacement for patients with severe, symptomatic, aortic stenosis at low to intermediate surgical risk: a clinical practice guideline" 1119:
Vandvik PO, Otto CM, Siemieniuk RA, Bagur R, Guyatt GH, Lytvyn L, Whitlock R, Vartdal T, Brieger D, Aertgeerts B, Price S, Foroutan F, Shapiro M, Mertz R, Spencer FA (2016).
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In response to many of these problems with traditional guidelines, the BMJ created a new series of trustworthy guidelines focused on the most pressing medical issues called
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Siemieniuk, Reed A; Agoritsas, Thomas; Macdonald, Helen; Guyatt, Gordon H; Brandt, Linn; Vandvik, Per O (28 September 2016). "Introduction to BMJ Rapid Recommendations".
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have been used in medical practice to attempt to ensure that clinical practice guidelines are followed. An example is the Surgical Safety Checklist developed for the
172:. Local healthcare providers may produce their own set of guidelines or adapt them from existing top-level guidelines. Healthcare payers such as insurers practicing 286:
and caregivers are frequently excluded from clinical guidelines development, in part because there is a lack of guidance for how to include them in the process.
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reported in 2004 that some simple clinical practice guidelines are not routinely followed to the extent they might be. It has been found that providing a
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of recommended procedures can result in the attending physician being reminded in a timely manner regarding procedures that might have been overlooked.
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and experience of practitioners. Many guidelines place the treatment alternatives into classes to help providers in deciding which treatment to use.
429:"Development and validation of an international appraisal instrument for assessing the quality of clinical practice guidelines: the AGREE project" 323: 1503: 924:
Khodyakov, Dmitry; Kinnett, Kathi; Grant, Sean; Lucas, Ann; Martin, Ann; Denger, Brian; Peay, Holly; Coulter, Ian; Fink, Arlene (2017-04-28).
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Guidelines are usually produced at national or international levels by medical associations or governmental bodies, such as the United States
616:"Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of the World Health Organization surgical safety checklist on postoperative complications" 231: 1565: 1524: 614:
Bergs, J.; Hellings, J.; Cleemput, I.; Zurel, Γ–.; De Troyer, V.; Van Hiel, M.; Demeere, J.-L.; Claeys, D.; Vandijck, D. (February 2014).
1482: 665:"Improving patient safety for older people in acute admissions: implementation of the Frailsafe checklist in 12 hospitals across the UK" 926:"Engaging Patients and Caregivers Managing Rare Diseases to Improve the Methods of Clinical Guideline Development: A Research Protocol" 1555: 1370: 714:"Validity of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality clinical practice guidelines: how quickly do guidelines become outdated?" 1396: 235: 203: 1250: 755:"Durability of class I American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association clinical practice guideline recommendations" 223: 1560: 310: 1601: 1596: 1389: 1191: 192: 140:
medical care, to raise quality of care, to reduce several kinds of risk (to the patient, to the healthcare provider, to
1175: 234:(Γ„ZQ) coordinates a national program for disease management guidelines. All these organisations are now members of the 1606: 1591: 1529: 1184:– The Guideline Elements Model (GEM) is an ASTM standard for the representation of practice guidelines in XML format. 97:
Modern clinical guidelines identify, summarize and evaluate the highest quality evidence and most current data about
156:, resoluteness, etc. It has been demonstrated repeatedly that the use of guidelines by healthcare providers such as 1570: 1534: 1462: 1243: 306: 184: 69:
with the aim of guiding decisions and criteria regarding diagnosis, management, and treatment in specific areas of
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Papoutsi, Chrysanthi; Poots, Alan; Clements, Jake; Wyrko, Zoe; Offord, Natalie; Reed, Julie E (5 January 2018).
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to be followed. Thus, they integrate the identified decision points and respective courses of action with the
1206:– A project of the Hospital Quality Initiative (HQI) of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (USA). 238:(G-I-N), an international network of organisations and individuals involved in clinical practice guidelines. 1426: 875:"An Evaluation of Web-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Managing Problems Associated with Cannabis Use" 354: 206:
maintains a catalog of high-quality guidelines published by various health and medical associations. In the
78: 1498: 314: 173: 1079: 1344: 1285: 110: 1212:(NGC) – A public resource for evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. NGC is an initiative of the 1209: 489: 195:(GLIF) is a computer representation format for clinical guidelines that can be used with such engines. 117:. Then they define the most important questions related to clinical practice and identify all possible 1181: 1457: 388:"Towards evidence-based clinical practice: an international survey of 18 clinical guideline programs" 344: 1467: 1412: 1280: 1266: 160:
is an effective way of achieving the objectives listed above, although they are not the only ones.
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Moses, Richard E.; Feld, Andrew D. (2008-01-01). "Legal risks of clinical practice guidelines".
1226:– Contains 113 evidence-based clinical guidelines – published, in development, or under review. 1431: 1306: 1142: 1101: 1052: 1044: 1006: 965: 947: 906: 855: 784: 735: 694: 637: 588: 526: 518: 458: 409: 359: 180: 144:
and health plans) and to achieve the best balance between cost and medical parameters such as
141: 1132: 1091: 1036: 996: 955: 937: 896: 886: 845: 837: 805: 774: 766: 725: 684: 676: 627: 580: 510: 448: 440: 399: 31: 1232:– A collection of current German health care-related professional associations' guidelines. 985:"The Endocrine Society guidelines: when the confidence cart goes before the evidence horse" 1301: 1229: 331: 137: 122: 118: 199: 1452: 1360: 1334: 960: 925: 901: 874: 850: 825: 779: 754: 689: 664: 453: 428: 207: 37: 1096: 1080:"Prevention of infective endocarditis: guidelines from the American Heart Association" 566:"A Surgical Safety Checklist to Reduce Morbidity and Mortality in a Global Population" 1585: 514: 145: 1064: 649: 538: 476: 289:
Guidelines may make recommendations that are stronger than the supporting evidence.
1329: 1187: 1178:– Contains clinical practice guidelines developed in Spain translated into English. 600: 254: 187:
have been developed to facilitate the use of medical guidelines in concert with an
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GuiaSalud. Clinical Practice Guidelines for the National Health System (Spain)
246: 226:(NHG)β€”have published specialist and primary care guidelines, respectively. In 86: 70: 1048: 951: 841: 730: 713: 522: 404: 387: 680: 551: 279: 157: 106: 102: 1146: 1105: 1056: 1010: 969: 910: 859: 788: 770: 739: 698: 641: 592: 530: 462: 413: 73:. Such documents have been in use for thousands of years during the entire 1203: 584: 1001: 984: 942: 66: 444: 319: 227: 1381: 1235: 1194:(GLIF) is a specification for structured representation of guidelines. 1137: 1040: 891: 632: 615: 27:
Document with the aim of guiding decisions and criteria in healthcare
45:(around the 17th century BC), among the earliest medical guidelines 275: 36: 1385: 1239: 983:
Brito JP; Domecq JP; Murad MH; Guyatt GH; et al. (2013).
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Norberg MM, Turner MW, Rooke SE, Langton JM, Gates PJ (2012).
826:"Critical evaluation of oncology clinical practice guidelines" 210:, clinical practice guidelines are published primarily by the 1163: 1509:
List of international healthcare accreditation organizations
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Wilson W; Taubert KA; Gewitz M; et al. (October 2007).
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Program Coaxes Hospitals to See Treatments Under Their Noses
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Burgers JS, Grol R, Klazinga NS, MΓ€kelΓ€ M, Zaat J (2003).
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Neuman MD; Goldstein JN; Cirullo MA; Schwartz JS (2014).
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The US and other countries maintain medical guideline
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Shekelle PG; Ortiz E; Rhodes S; et al. (2001).
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Additional objectives of clinical guidelines are to
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Some guidelines contain decision or computation 212:National Institute for Health and Care Excellence 1200:– Contains the largest online guideline library. 824:Reames BN; Krell RW; Ponto SN; Wong SL (2013). 1022: 1020: 1397: 1251: 8: 1218:U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 366:The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics 109:, therapy including dosage of medications, 1404: 1390: 1382: 1258: 1244: 1236: 1214:Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality 170:Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality 1312:List of health departments and ministries 1136: 1095: 1000: 959: 941: 900: 890: 849: 778: 729: 688: 631: 477:Clinical practice guidelines we can trust 452: 403: 503:The American Journal of Gastroenterology 378: 324:transcatheter aortic valve implantation 1504:International healthcare accreditation 232:German Agency for Quality in Medicine 7: 1566:Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio 1525:Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio 220:Institute for Healthcare Improvement 1483:Routine health outcomes measurement 1164:British Columbia Medical Guidelines 1556:Clinical Quality Management System 322:Rapid Recommendation guideline on 278:or other medical assistant with a 81:. They usually include summarized 25: 1097:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.183095 1210:National Guideline Clearinghouse 1198:Guidelines International Network 515:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01399.x 236:Guidelines International Network 224:College of General Practitioners 204:National Guideline Clearinghouse 573:New England Journal of Medicine 1: 1561:Disability-adjusted life year 475:Institute of Medicine (edt.) 1192:Guideline Interchange Format 1188:Guideline Interchange Format 427:AGREE Collaboration (2003). 193:Guideline Interchange Format 59:standard treatment guideline 1530:Cost-effectiveness analysis 185:guideline execution engines 63:clinical practice guideline 41:Plates vi & vii of the 1623: 1571:Quality-adjusted life year 1535:Cost-minimization analysis 1463:Independent medical review 1170:The Cochrane Collaboration 620:British Journal of Surgery 307:American Heart Association 29: 1204:Hospital Quality Alliance 251:World Health Organization 189:electronic medical record 176:also publish guidelines. 1478:Health services research 1473:Health impact assessment 1230:German guidelines (AWMF) 1182:Guideline Elements Model 842:10.1200/JCO.2012.46.8371 731:10.1001/jama.286.12.1461 350:Clinical prediction rule 328:aortic valve replacement 30:Not to be confused with 1446:Health care evaluations 1427:Evidence-based medicine 989:J Clin Endocrinol Metab 930:JMIR Research Protocols 355:Clinical trial protocol 296:Rapid Recommendations. 79:evidence-based medicine 1499:Hospital accreditation 771:10.1001/jama.2014.4949 405:10.1093/intqhc/15.1.31 392:Int J Qual Health Care 315:Infective Endocarditis 174:utilization management 46: 1345:Waiting in healthcare 1286:Health administration 681:10.1093/ageing/afx194 585:10.1056/NEJMsa0810119 479:. Washington DC, 2011 40: 1458:Clinical peer review 1002:10.1210/jc.2013-1814 943:10.2196/resprot.6902 433:Qual Saf Health Care 345:Clinical formulation 85:on best practice in 83:consensus statements 1602:Health care quality 1597:Medical terminology 1468:Health care ratings 1420:Concepts of quality 1413:Health care quality 1281:Clinical governance 1267:Clinical governance 488:Council of Europe. 445:10.1136/qhc.12.1.18 309:Guidelines for the 75:history of medicine 43:Edwin Smith Papyrus 18:Practice guidelines 1607:Medical guidelines 1592:Health informatics 1540:Cost per procedure 1518:Costs and benefits 1340:Cost per procedure 879:J Med Internet Res 814:December 25, 2004. 811:The New York Times 271:The New York Times 183:packages known as 131:clinical judgement 115:cost-effectiveness 55:clinical guideline 47: 1579: 1578: 1437:Medical guideline 1432:Medical consensus 1379: 1378: 1366:Medical guideline 1307:Health department 1138:10.1136/bmj.i5085 1041:10.1136/bmj.i5191 892:10.2196/jmir.2319 360:Medical algorithm 218:, two bodiesβ€”the 202:. In the US, the 181:computer software 51:medical guideline 16:(Redirected from 1614: 1406: 1399: 1392: 1383: 1260: 1253: 1246: 1237: 1151: 1150: 1140: 1116: 1110: 1109: 1099: 1075: 1069: 1068: 1035:(i5191): i5191. 1024: 1015: 1014: 1004: 980: 974: 973: 963: 945: 921: 915: 914: 904: 894: 870: 864: 863: 853: 821: 815: 799: 793: 792: 782: 765:(20): 2092–100. 750: 744: 743: 733: 709: 703: 702: 692: 660: 654: 653: 635: 633:10.1002/bjs.9381 611: 605: 604: 570: 560: 554: 549: 543: 542: 498: 492: 486: 480: 473: 467: 466: 456: 424: 418: 417: 407: 383: 326:versus surgical 142:medical insurers 119:decision options 32:Clinical pathway 21: 1622: 1621: 1617: 1616: 1615: 1613: 1612: 1611: 1582: 1581: 1580: 1575: 1544: 1513: 1487: 1441: 1415: 1410: 1380: 1375: 1371:Medical strikes 1349: 1318: 1302:Health minister 1290: 1269: 1264: 1160: 1155: 1154: 1118: 1117: 1113: 1090:(15): 1736–54. 1077: 1076: 1072: 1026: 1025: 1018: 982: 981: 977: 923: 922: 918: 872: 871: 867: 823: 822: 818: 800: 796: 752: 751: 747: 711: 710: 706: 662: 661: 657: 613: 612: 608: 568: 564:January 2009). 562: 561: 557: 550: 546: 500: 499: 495: 487: 483: 474: 470: 426: 425: 421: 385: 384: 380: 375: 341: 332:aortic stenosis 302: 263: 244: 214:(NICE). In The 166: 95: 53:(also called a 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 1620: 1618: 1610: 1609: 1604: 1599: 1594: 1584: 1583: 1577: 1576: 1574: 1573: 1568: 1563: 1558: 1552: 1550: 1546: 1545: 1543: 1542: 1537: 1532: 1527: 1521: 1519: 1515: 1514: 1512: 1511: 1506: 1501: 1495: 1493: 1489: 1488: 1486: 1485: 1480: 1475: 1470: 1465: 1460: 1455: 1453:Clinical audit 1449: 1447: 1443: 1442: 1440: 1439: 1434: 1429: 1423: 1421: 1417: 1416: 1411: 1409: 1408: 1401: 1394: 1386: 1377: 1376: 1374: 1373: 1368: 1363: 1361:Clinical audit 1357: 1355: 1351: 1350: 1348: 1347: 1342: 1337: 1335:Length of stay 1332: 1326: 1324: 1320: 1319: 1317: 1316: 1315: 1314: 1304: 1298: 1296: 1292: 1291: 1289: 1288: 1283: 1277: 1275: 1271: 1270: 1265: 1263: 1262: 1255: 1248: 1240: 1234: 1233: 1227: 1221: 1207: 1201: 1195: 1185: 1179: 1173: 1167: 1159: 1158:External links 1156: 1153: 1152: 1111: 1070: 1016: 995:(8): 3246–52. 975: 916: 865: 836:(20): 2563–8. 816: 794: 745: 724:(12): 1461–7. 704: 675:(2): 311–317. 669:Age and Ageing 655: 626:(3): 150–158. 606: 579:(5): 491–499. 555: 544: 493: 481: 468: 419: 377: 376: 374: 371: 370: 369: 362: 357: 352: 347: 340: 337: 336: 335: 317: 301: 298: 262: 259: 243: 240: 208:United Kingdom 200:clearinghouses 165: 162: 94: 91: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1619: 1608: 1605: 1603: 1600: 1598: 1595: 1593: 1590: 1589: 1587: 1572: 1569: 1567: 1564: 1562: 1559: 1557: 1554: 1553: 1551: 1547: 1541: 1538: 1536: 1533: 1531: 1528: 1526: 1523: 1522: 1520: 1516: 1510: 1507: 1505: 1502: 1500: 1497: 1496: 1494: 1492:Accreditation 1490: 1484: 1481: 1479: 1476: 1474: 1471: 1469: 1466: 1464: 1461: 1459: 1456: 1454: 1451: 1450: 1448: 1444: 1438: 1435: 1433: 1430: 1428: 1425: 1424: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1407: 1402: 1400: 1395: 1393: 1388: 1387: 1384: 1372: 1369: 1367: 1364: 1362: 1359: 1358: 1356: 1352: 1346: 1343: 1341: 1338: 1336: 1333: 1331: 1328: 1327: 1325: 1321: 1313: 1310: 1309: 1308: 1305: 1303: 1300: 1299: 1297: 1295:Organisations 1293: 1287: 1284: 1282: 1279: 1278: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1261: 1256: 1254: 1249: 1247: 1242: 1241: 1238: 1231: 1228: 1225: 1222: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1208: 1205: 1202: 1199: 1196: 1193: 1189: 1186: 1183: 1180: 1177: 1174: 1171: 1168: 1165: 1162: 1161: 1157: 1148: 1144: 1139: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1115: 1112: 1107: 1103: 1098: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1074: 1071: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1023: 1021: 1017: 1012: 1008: 1003: 998: 994: 990: 986: 979: 976: 971: 967: 962: 957: 953: 949: 944: 939: 935: 931: 927: 920: 917: 912: 908: 903: 898: 893: 888: 884: 880: 876: 869: 866: 861: 857: 852: 847: 843: 839: 835: 831: 827: 820: 817: 813: 812: 807: 803: 798: 795: 790: 786: 781: 776: 772: 768: 764: 760: 756: 749: 746: 741: 737: 732: 727: 723: 719: 715: 708: 705: 700: 696: 691: 686: 682: 678: 674: 670: 666: 659: 656: 651: 647: 643: 639: 634: 629: 625: 621: 617: 610: 607: 602: 598: 594: 590: 586: 582: 578: 574: 567: 559: 556: 553: 548: 545: 540: 536: 532: 528: 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 504: 497: 494: 491: 485: 482: 478: 472: 469: 464: 460: 455: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 430: 423: 420: 415: 411: 406: 401: 397: 393: 389: 382: 379: 372: 368: 367: 363: 361: 358: 356: 353: 351: 348: 346: 343: 342: 338: 333: 329: 325: 321: 318: 316: 312: 308: 304: 303: 299: 297: 295: 290: 287: 283: 281: 277: 273: 272: 267: 260: 258: 256: 252: 248: 241: 239: 237: 233: 229: 225: 221: 217: 213: 209: 205: 201: 196: 194: 191:system. The 190: 186: 182: 177: 175: 171: 163: 161: 159: 155: 151: 147: 146:effectiveness 143: 139: 134: 132: 128: 124: 120: 116: 112: 108: 104: 100: 92: 90: 88: 84: 80: 76: 72: 68: 64: 60: 56: 52: 44: 39: 33: 19: 1436: 1365: 1330:Never events 1128: 1124: 1114: 1087: 1083: 1073: 1032: 1028: 992: 988: 978: 933: 929: 919: 882: 878: 868: 833: 830:J Clin Oncol 829: 819: 809: 797: 762: 758: 748: 721: 717: 707: 672: 668: 658: 623: 619: 609: 576: 572: 558: 552:GLIF website 547: 506: 502: 496: 484: 471: 439:(1): 18–23. 436: 432: 422: 398:(1): 31–45. 395: 391: 381: 364: 293: 291: 288: 284: 269: 268: 264: 255:Atul Gawande 245: 197: 178: 167: 135: 111:risk/benefit 96: 62: 58: 54: 50: 48: 1084:Circulation 885:(6): e169. 802:Gina Kolata 509:(1): 7–11. 216:Netherlands 164:Publication 154:sensitivity 150:specificity 138:standardize 1586:Categories 936:(4): e57. 373:References 311:Prevention 247:Checklists 242:Compliance 222:(CBO) and 127:algorithms 121:and their 99:prevention 93:Background 87:healthcare 71:healthcare 1131:: i5085. 1049:1756-1833 952:1929-0748 523:0002-9270 280:checklist 158:hospitals 107:prognosis 103:diagnosis 1354:Practice 1216:(AHRQ), 1147:27680583 1106:17446442 1065:32498374 1057:27680768 1011:23783104 970:28455279 911:23249447 860:23752105 789:24867012 740:11572738 699:29315375 650:22951117 642:24469615 593:19144931 539:11802118 531:18184116 463:12571340 414:12630799 339:See also 300:Examples 261:Problems 179:Special 123:outcomes 67:document 1323:Metrics 961:5429434 902:3799569 851:5073383 780:4346183 690:6016694 601:2639397 454:1743672 320:The BMJ 253:by Dr. 228:Germany 65:) is a 1274:Theory 1190:– The 1145:  1104:  1063:  1055:  1047:  1009:  968:  958:  950:  909:  899:  858:  848:  787:  777:  738:  697:  687:  648:  640:  599:  591:  537:  529:  521:  461:  451:  412:  230:, the 1549:Tools 1061:S2CID 646:S2CID 597:S2CID 569:(PDF) 535:S2CID 276:nurse 61:, or 1143:PMID 1102:PMID 1053:PMID 1045:ISSN 1007:PMID 966:PMID 948:ISSN 907:PMID 856:PMID 785:PMID 759:JAMA 736:PMID 718:JAMA 695:PMID 638:PMID 589:PMID 527:PMID 519:ISSN 459:PMID 410:PMID 330:for 305:The 113:and 1133:doi 1129:354 1125:BMJ 1092:doi 1088:116 1037:doi 1033:354 1029:BMJ 997:doi 956:PMC 938:doi 897:PMC 887:doi 846:PMC 838:doi 808:". 775:PMC 767:doi 763:311 726:doi 722:286 685:PMC 677:doi 628:doi 624:101 581:doi 577:360 511:doi 507:103 449:PMC 441:doi 400:doi 313:of 294:BMJ 1588:: 1141:. 1127:. 1123:. 1100:. 1086:. 1082:. 1059:. 1051:. 1043:. 1031:. 1019:^ 1005:. 993:98 991:. 987:. 964:. 954:. 946:. 932:. 928:. 905:. 895:. 883:14 881:. 877:. 854:. 844:. 834:31 832:. 828:. 783:. 773:. 761:. 757:. 734:. 720:. 716:. 693:. 683:. 673:47 671:. 667:. 644:. 636:. 622:. 618:. 595:. 587:. 575:. 571:. 533:. 525:. 517:. 505:. 457:. 447:. 437:12 435:. 431:. 408:. 396:15 394:. 390:. 152:, 148:, 105:, 101:, 57:, 49:A 1405:e 1398:t 1391:v 1259:e 1252:t 1245:v 1220:. 1149:. 1135:: 1108:. 1094:: 1067:. 1039:: 1013:. 999:: 972:. 940:: 934:6 913:. 889:: 862:. 840:: 804:" 791:. 769:: 742:. 728:: 701:. 679:: 652:. 630:: 603:. 583:: 541:. 513:: 465:. 443:: 416:. 402:: 334:. 34:. 20:)

Index

Practice guidelines
Clinical pathway

Edwin Smith Papyrus
document
healthcare
history of medicine
evidence-based medicine
consensus statements
healthcare
prevention
diagnosis
prognosis
risk/benefit
cost-effectiveness
decision options
outcomes
algorithms
clinical judgement
standardize
medical insurers
effectiveness
specificity
sensitivity
hospitals
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
utilization management
computer software
guideline execution engines
electronic medical record

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