640:
1641:
93:
628:
558:
591:
72:
55:
396:
1072:
Benzi, Valerio; Abbazzi, Laura; Bartolomei, Paolo; Esposito, Massimo; Fassò, Cecilia; Fonzo, Ornella; Giampieri, Roberto; Murgia, Francesco; Reyss, Jean-Louis (May 2007). "Radiocarbon and U-series dating of the endemic deer
Praemegaceros cazioti (Depéret) from "Grotta Juntu", Sardinia".
812:
Named by
Wolfgang Soergel in 1927 for the species found in the lowest level of the Middle Pleistocene Mosbach locality in Germany. It was included in the “verticornis” group of Azzaroli's 1953 classification. It has been suggested to a be synonym of
375:, with fossils having been discovered in France, Georgia, Germany, England, Greece, Israel, Italy, Romania, Russia Spain, Syria, and Tajikistan. The genus was extinct in mainland Europe and Asia by end of the Middle Pleistocene. An insular species,
794:. The body mass is estimated to be around 220 kilograms (490 lb), with a mesodont dentition. Croitor suggests that because the pedicles (base of the antlers) are robust and similar to those of giant deer, that
1575:
542:
Known from the late Early
Pleistocene and Middle Pleistocene of Italy, North Greece, Moldova, South Ukraine and the Azov Sea Region. It was named by De Alessandri in 1903 for remains found in North Italy.
613:
which suggests a close relationship. Other known sites are from the early Middle
Pleistocene of France, Germany, Italy, South Russia and Moldova. This taxon is suggested to be the largest species of
572:
is a junior synonym. Known from late Early
Pleistocene to Middle Pleistocene localities in England, Spain, France, Germany and Italy. Estimated body mass of around 380 kilograms (840 lb).
1630:
Soergel W. 1927. Cervus megaceros mosbachensis n. sp. und die
Stammesgeschichte der Riesenhirsche. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 39 (4): 365-407.
1281:"Systematical position and paleoecology of the endemic deer Megaceroides algericus Lydekker, 1890 (Cervidae, Mammalia) from the late Pleistocene-early Holocene of North Africa"
1426:"The first complete skeleton of Megaloceros verticornis (Dawkins, 1868) Cervidae, Mammalia, from Bilshausen (Lower Saxony, Germany): description and phylogenetic implications"
320:
is considered to be a genus of "giant deer", with many species having an estimated body mass of around 400 kilograms (880 lb), considerably larger than most living deer.
1703:
711:
and is characterised by large mesodont upper cheek teeth, and a long premolar series, which are suggested to be adaptions for a grazing diet. The youngest date for
1318:
Martinez, K.; Garcia, J.; Carbonell, E.; Agusti, J.; Bahain, J.-J.; Blain, H.-A.; Burjachs, F.; Caceres, I.; Duval, M.; Falgueres, C.; Gomez, M. (2010-03-30).
695:. The cranial morphology appears to be unaffected by the insular dwarfism. Two chronologically separated subspecies are known, which are suggested to be
687:, with an estimated body mass of around 70–90 kilograms (150–200 lb), exhibiting an over 75% size reduction from its presumed mainland ancestor
1769:
1690:
1754:
371:
appeared in Europe between 2 and 1.5 million years ago. The genus was widely distributed across Europe, West and
Central Asia during the Early-
1759:
1138:
918:
753:, Georgia and the Azov region, Russia. Croitor suggests an origin in South Asia for this species, descended from taxa possibly referrable to
667:
at Su Fossu de Cannas in
Sardinia being over 450,000 years in age. Other early remains of the genus in Sardinia are referred to the species
798:
represents a dwarfed form. The species is considered to be endemic to
Britain, with the antler morphology simplified relative to other
1749:
511:, alternatively suggesting that the two genera obtained their large size independently, and instead propose a close relationship of
617:, with an estimated mass of 420 kilograms (930 lb). The taxon appears to have been extinct by the late Middle Pleistocene.
1764:
1602:"Metric analysis of ungulate mammals in the early Middle Pleistocene of Britain, in relation to taxonomy and biostratigraphy"
1164:"Metric analysis of ungulate mammals in the early Middle Pleistocene of Britain, in relation to taxonomy and biostratigraphy"
1521:
568:
Named by
William Boyd Dawkins in 1872 on the basis of a partial antler from the Cromer Forest Bed. Croitor suggests that
1522:"A key site for inferring the timing of dispersal of giant deer in Sardinia, the Su Fossu de Cannas cave, Sadali, Italy"
1475:"Remarks on the validity of the generic namePraemegaceros portis 1920, and an overview onPraemegaceros species in Italy"
92:
1744:
746:
356:, but is regarded as a distinct genus by most studies. Some authors have considered the genus closely related to
703:
dates to the late Middle Pleistocene and Late Pleistocene and is characterised by smaller brachyodont teeth and
663:
appears to have dispersed to the islands during the Middle Pleistocene, with the earliest well dated records of
490:
is considered a genus of "giant deer", and has often been placed in the tribe Megacerini, alongisde genera like
1195:"Phylogeny of the giant deer with palmate brow tines Megaloceros from west and Sinomegaceros from east Eurasia"
973:
1031:"A skull of Praemegaceros pliotarandoides (Cervidae, Mammalia) from the Taman Peninsula (South-West Russia)"
911:
Late Neogene and Quaternary Biodiversity and Evolution: Regional Developments and Interregional Correlations
1000:"Taxonomy and systematics of large-sized deer of the genus Praemegaceros PORTIS, 1920 (Cervidae, Mammalia)"
1658:
1716:
1042:
750:
460:
741:
of Europe (including Central Italy, Central Romania and Moldova) and the Near East, extending from the
1533:
1437:
1398:
1331:
1292:
1245:
1206:
1082:
947:
869:
791:
639:
601:
Named by Robert in 1930 for remains from Soleilhac, an early Middle Pleistocene site located in the
1646:
783:
609:
with an attached partial antler. The morphology of the preserved antler strongly resembles that of
1601:
1557:
1502:
1386:
1280:
1194:
1163:
935:
818:
775:
372:
263:
87:
936:"Villafranchian: The long story of a Plio-Pleistocene European large mammal biochronologic unit"
1721:
1708:
1549:
1494:
1455:
1367:
1349:
1261:
1144:
1134:
1011:
914:
887:
742:
627:
547:
is a junior synonym of the taxon. Estimated body mass of around 400 kilograms (880 lb).
1613:
1541:
1486:
1445:
1406:
1357:
1339:
1300:
1253:
1214:
1175:
1090:
955:
877:
692:
1520:
Melis, Rita Teresa; Palombo, Maria Rita; Ghaleb, Bassam; Meloni, Serafino (November 2016).
557:
1055:
590:
1234:"Morphology, taxonomy, and phylogeny of megacerines (Megacerini, Cervidae, Artiodactyla)"
1128:
1537:
1441:
1402:
1335:
1296:
1249:
1210:
1086:
951:
873:
71:
1362:
1319:
909:
Portis, 1920 (Cervidae, Mammalia)". In Kahlke, R.D.; Maul, L.C.; Mazza, P.P.A. (eds.).
738:
602:
54:
1410:
1320:"A new Lower Pleistocene archeological site in Europe (Vallparadis, Barcelona, Spain)"
1738:
1561:
1233:
1030:
999:
755:
696:
498:
17:
1600:
Lister, A.M.; Parfitt, S.A.; Owen, F.J.; Collinge, S.E.; Breda, M. (December 2010).
1506:
1162:
Lister, A.M.; Parfitt, S.A.; Owen, F.J.; Collinge, S.E.; Breda, M. (December 2010).
659:
archipelago from the late Middle Pleistocene to the Early Holocene, the ancestor of
1130:
Plio-Pleistocene deer of Western Palearctic : taxonomy, systematics, phylogeny
606:
517:
395:
352:
1387:"Révision d'un site paléontologique célèbre : Saint-Prest (Chartres, France)"
1304:
1681:
1617:
1218:
1179:
959:
1545:
684:
492:
413:
346:
309:
144:
41:
1590:
Bulletin du Musée d’Anthropologie Préhistorique de Monaco, 46 (2006), pp. 35-68
905:
Croitor, R. (2006). "Taxonomy and systematics of large-sized deer of the genus
1636:
1474:
1257:
1148:
1094:
1553:
1498:
1459:
1353:
1265:
1015:
891:
1344:
324:
104:
1371:
1450:
1675:
882:
857:
761:
652:
483:
380:
313:
164:
124:
45:
1695:
1490:
1385:
Guérin, Claude; Dewolf, Yvette; Lautridou, Jean-Pierre (January 2003).
779:
656:
384:
298:
190:
1425:
134:
114:
1652:
817:
However, Croitor suggests that these similarities are the result of
379:
survived into the Late Pleistocene and Holocene in isolation on the
913:. Vol. 1. Stuttgart, Germany: Schweizerbart. pp. 91–116.
470:
as the type species of the genus, while also naming the new genera
638:
626:
589:
556:
503:
though other authors have disputed the close relationship between
394:
301:
455:
Kalkhe in 1965 recognised that these genera were synonyms, with
305:
154:
1656:
1133:. Institute of Zoology of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova.
764:. Estimated body mass of around 400 kilograms (880 lb).
605:, France. The neotype specimen consists of a partial left
1576:
Origin and evolution of the Late Pleistocene island deer
934:
Rook, Lorenzo; MartĂnez-Navarro, Bienvenido (June 2010).
786:
which were originally described in 1872 as belonging to
707:
from the end of the Late Pleistocene is larger than
249:
239:
229:
219:
209:
199:
1665:
715:is around 5500 BCE, making it the latest surviving
478:which are now recognised as synonyms of the genus.
1324:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
482:is widely agreed to be belong to the subfamily
8:
463:. Radulesco & Samson in 1967 designated
1193:van der Made, J.; Tong, H.W. (March 2008).
622:Praemegaceros sardous–Praemegaceros cazioti
524:Classification according to Croitor, 2018.
1653:
70:
53:
31:
1449:
1361:
1343:
881:
675:date to approximately 300,000 years ago.
344:. It has sometimes been synonymised with
825:represents an intermediate form between
360:, but this has been disputed by others.
841:
1574:R. Croitor, M.-F. Bonifay, E. Bonifay
1051:
1040:
1004:Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg
423:was first described as a subgenus of
7:
1232:Vislobokova, I. A. (December 2013).
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1067:
1065:
851:
849:
847:
845:
774:Named in 1882 from remains from the
1588:(Depéret) from Corsica and Sardinia
387:archipelago until around 5500 BCE.
643:Life restoration of the Sardinian
25:
1075:Journal of Archaeological Science
858:"Paleobiogeography of Crown Deer"
671:. The oldest remains assigned to
1639:
91:
1770:Prehistoric Artiodactyla genera
683:, being slightly larger than a
472:Allocaenelaphus, Psecupsoceros,
427:by Portis in 1920, to include
1:
1755:Pleistocene genus extinctions
1411:10.1016/S0016-6995(02)00106-7
1305:10.1016/j.geobios.2016.05.002
1029:Croitor, Roman (2014-09-30).
998:Croitor, Roman (2006-11-15).
856:Croitor, Roman (2022-11-06).
537:Praemegaceros pliotarandoides
1760:Piacenzian first appearances
1618:10.1016/j.quaint.2010.05.014
1473:Abbazzi, Laura (June 2004).
1279:Croitor, Roman (July 2016).
1219:10.1016/j.quaint.2007.08.017
1180:10.1016/j.quaint.2010.05.014
974:"Fossilworks: Praemegaceros"
960:10.1016/j.quaint.2010.01.007
1546:10.1016/j.yqres.2016.08.005
1424:Pfeiffer, T. (2002-01-01).
1786:
807:Praemegaceros mosbachensis
363:The earliest species like
1258:10.1134/S0031030113080017
1095:10.1016/j.jas.2006.09.001
689:Praemegaceros solilhacus,
552:Praemegaceros verticornis
443:with the type species of
269:
262:
196:
189:
88:Scientific classification
86:
78:
69:
61:
52:
34:
1750:Pleistocene Artiodactyla
1606:Quaternary International
1199:Quaternary International
1168:Quaternary International
940:Quaternary International
645:Praemegaceros cazioti by
585:Praemegaceros solilhacus
545:Psekupsoceros orientalis
1345:10.1073/pnas.0913856107
1238:Paleontological Journal
1127:Croitor, Roman (2018).
323:The genus contains the
1050:Cite journal requires
769:Praemegaceros dawkinsi
732:Praemegaceros obscurus
648:
636:
598:
565:
417:
40:Temporal range: Early
1765:Pliocene Artiodactyla
1717:Paleobiology Database
1451:10.5194/fr-5-289-2002
778:Cromer Forest Bed in
705:P. cazioti algarensis
642:
630:
593:
560:
439:Kalkhe in 1956 named
398:
27:Extinct genus of deer
18:Praemegaceros cazioti
883:10.3390/earth3040066
821:, and proposes that
792:William Boyd Dawkins
737:Known from the late
316:of Western Eurasia.
1647:Paleontology portal
1538:2016QuRes..86..335M
1526:Quaternary Research
1442:2002FossR...5..289P
1403:2003Geobi..36...55G
1336:2010PNAS..107.5762M
1297:2016Geobi..49..265C
1250:2013PalJ...47..833V
1211:2008QuInt.179..135V
1087:2007JArSc..34..790B
952:2010QuInt.219..134R
874:2022Earth...3.1138C
784:Edwin Tulley Newton
1491:10.1007/BF02904712
819:parallel evolution
776:Middle Pleistocene
709:P. cazioti cazioti
701:P. cazioti cazioti
649:
637:
599:
566:
418:
373:Middle Pleistocene
234:P. pliotarandoides
1732:
1731:
1659:Taxon identifiers
1479:Rendiconti Lincei
1330:(13): 5762–5767.
1140:978-9975-66-609-1
920:978-3-510-61383-0
743:Cromer Forest Bed
669:P. sardus/sardous
411:among species of
308:, known from the
290:
289:
185:
16:(Redirected from
1777:
1745:Prehistoric deer
1725:
1724:
1712:
1711:
1699:
1698:
1686:
1685:
1684:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1643:
1642:
1631:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1612:(1–2): 157–179.
1597:
1591:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1453:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1365:
1347:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1174:(1–2): 157–179.
1159:
1153:
1152:
1124:
1099:
1098:
1069:
1060:
1059:
1053:
1048:
1046:
1038:
1026:
1020:
1019:
995:
989:
988:
986:
984:
970:
964:
963:
946:(1–2): 134–144.
931:
925:
924:
902:
896:
895:
885:
868:(4): 1138–1160.
853:
693:insular dwarfism
679:is smaller than
635:in various views
570:Cervus belgrandi
399:Restorations of
251:
241:
231:
221:
211:
201:
183:
176:
96:
95:
74:
57:
32:
21:
1785:
1784:
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1778:
1776:
1775:
1774:
1735:
1734:
1733:
1728:
1720:
1715:
1707:
1702:
1694:
1689:
1680:
1679:
1674:
1661:
1645:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1625:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1573:
1569:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1161:
1160:
1156:
1141:
1126:
1125:
1102:
1071:
1070:
1063:
1049:
1039:
1028:
1027:
1023:
997:
996:
992:
982:
980:
978:fossilworks.org
972:
971:
967:
933:
932:
928:
921:
904:
903:
899:
855:
854:
843:
838:
823:P. mosbachensis
815:P. verticornis.
810:
772:
735:
728:
651:Endemic to the
625:
588:
581:
555:
540:
533:
515:with the genus
393:
182:
174:
90:
48:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1783:
1781:
1773:
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1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1737:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1726:
1713:
1700:
1687:
1671:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1633:
1632:
1623:
1592:
1582:Nesoleipoceros
1567:
1532:(3): 335–347.
1512:
1485:(2): 115–132.
1465:
1436:(1): 289–308.
1416:
1377:
1310:
1291:(4): 265–283.
1271:
1244:(8): 833–950.
1224:
1205:(1): 135–162.
1185:
1154:
1139:
1100:
1081:(5): 790–794.
1061:
1052:|journal=
1021:
990:
965:
926:
919:
897:
840:
839:
837:
834:
809:
804:
788:P. verticornis
771:
766:
745:in England to
739:Villafranchian
734:
729:
727:
721:
691:an example of
624:
619:
603:Massif Central
587:
582:
580:
578:Nesoleipoceros
574:
563:P. verticornis
554:
549:
539:
534:
532:
530:Orthogonoceros
526:
476:Nesoleipoceros
445:Orthogonoceros
441:Orthogonoceros
409:P. verticornis
392:
389:
369:P. verticornis
341:Nesoleipoceros
335:Orthogonoceros
288:
287:
286:
285:
280:
278:Orthogonoceros
275:
267:
266:
260:
259:
258:
257:
254:P. verticornis
247:
237:
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217:
207:
194:
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118:
117:
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98:
97:
84:
83:
81:P. verticornis
76:
75:
67:
66:
59:
58:
50:
49:
39:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1705:
1701:
1697:
1692:
1688:
1683:
1677:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1667:Praemegaceros
1664:
1660:
1655:
1648:
1637:
1627:
1624:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1596:
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1587:
1583:
1579:
1578:Praemegaceros
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1568:
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1555:
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1435:
1431:
1430:Fossil Record
1427:
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1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1393:(in French).
1392:
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1036:
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979:
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961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
930:
927:
922:
916:
912:
908:
907:Praemegaceros
901:
898:
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875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
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850:
848:
846:
842:
835:
833:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
808:
805:
803:
801:
800:Praemegaceros
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763:
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757:
752:
748:
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733:
730:
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725:Praemegaceros
722:
720:
718:
717:Praemegaceros
714:
710:
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184:Portis, 1920
178:
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145:Artiodactyla
80:
79:Skeleton of
63:
35:
29:
983:17 December
827:P. obscurus
796:P. dawkinsi
685:fallow deer
611:P. cazioti,
561:Antlers of
509:Megaloceros
493:Megaloceros
414:Megaloceros
405:P. obscurus
365:P. obscurus
358:Megaloceros
347:Megaloceros
310:Pleistocene
224:P. obscurus
161:Subfamily:
64:P. obscurus
42:Pleistocene
1739:Categories
1149:1057238213
836:References
749:, Israel,
713:P. cazioti
677:P. cazioti
673:P. cazioti
661:P. cazioti
633:P. cazioti
401:P. cazioti
377:P. cazioti
283:Tamanalces
214:P. cazioti
1682:Q25095511
1562:132841915
1554:0033-5894
1499:1120-6349
1460:2193-0074
1354:0027-8424
1266:0031-0301
1016:0341-4116
892:2673-4834
802:species.
760:from the
723:Subgenus
719:species.
681:P. sardus
631:Skull of
576:Subgenus
528:Subgenus
437:dawkinsi.
325:subgenera
111:Kingdom:
105:Eukaryota
62:Skull of
1676:Wikidata
1507:82657199
1372:20231433
762:Siwaliks
747:Ubeidiya
653:Sardinia
484:Cervinae
468:dawkinsi
461:priority
391:Taxonomy
381:Sardinia
314:Holocene
264:Synonyms
165:Cervinae
155:Cervidae
151:Family:
135:Mammalia
125:Chordata
121:Phylum:
115:Animalia
101:Domain:
46:Holocene
1709:1021341
1696:4835628
1586:cazioti
1534:Bibcode
1438:Bibcode
1399:Bibcode
1391:Geobios
1363:2851913
1332:Bibcode
1293:Bibcode
1285:Geobios
1246:Bibcode
1207:Bibcode
1083:Bibcode
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948:Bibcode
870:Bibcode
780:Norfolk
756:Panolia
751:Dmanisi
657:Corsica
607:frontal
459:having
385:Corsica
299:extinct
191:Species
171:Genus:
141:Order:
131:Class:
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425:Cervus
407:, and
297:is an
1722:42685
1704:IRMNG
1558:S2CID
1503:S2CID
862:Earth
302:genus
1691:GBIF
1550:ISSN
1495:ISSN
1456:ISSN
1368:PMID
1350:ISSN
1262:ISSN
1145:OCLC
1135:ISBN
1056:help
1012:ISSN
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915:ISBN
888:ISSN
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367:and
350:and
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