80:– collective electron oscillations in metal nanoparticles, induced by light excitation and the applications of plasmon resonances in biomedicine, optoelectronics, and chemical catalysis. In the 2010s, Jain and his coworkers at the University of Illinois and the University of California Berkeley discovered that plasmon resonances are not limited to metals, as was thought for decades, but can also be induced in semiconductor nanocrystals or quantum dots by the addition of dopants or defects. He was named a TR35 inventor in 2012 for this innovation. These findings have now been expanded to a large host of semiconductors, including silicon, greatly expanding the class of materials that exhibit plasmons and associated phenomena. Plasmons in semiconductor nanocrystals have potential utility for the development of optical computing.
87:, Jain's laboratory discovered the emergence of new catalytic behavior of noble metal nanoparticles when they are excited by visible light. Under continuous light excitation, the nanoparticles become photocharged. Multiple electrons and holes can be extracted from this photocharged state. As a result, the photoexcited nanoparticle catalyzes unexpected chemical transformations that are not observed in the dark. The catalytic activity depends on the nature of the light. In some cases, thermodynamically uphill reactions, like those in natural photosynthesis, are driven, which suggests that free energy is harvested from photoexcitations.
98:, which now form the basis of nanoparticle-based biomedical theragnostics and sensor technologies. The original paper describing these principles has been cited over 4000 times. An open-source simulation toolkit for designing plasmonic nanostructures, based on this work, has been developed and released for free use by the University of Illinois with funding from the National Science Foundation.
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Jain, Prashant K; Lee, Kyeong Seok; El-Sayed, Ivan H; El-Sayed, Mostafa A (2006). "Calculated
Absorption and Scattering Properties of Gold Nanoparticles of Different Size, Shape, and Composition: Applications in Biological Imaging and Biomedicine".
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is an Indian-born
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