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Praxis School

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2971: 2120: 40: 2918: 2144: 2904: 2132: 2697:: Supek, Marković, Tadić and Stojanović. The majority of the Praxis theorists, however, led by Kangrga, disagreed on the basis of the fact that an international journal with the same or similar name as the original journal would reduce the possibilities of republishing the journal inside Yugoslavia. First co-editors of 2665:. Although the Zagreb Praxisists were treated less harshly, they still faced restrictions: Puhovski was unable to publish for two years. During subsequent years, the Praxisists organised underground meetings in private homes, which they dubbed the "Free University": however these were at risk of police interruption. 2768:
published an article by Marković on Kosovo in which he claimed that the high birthrate among the Albanian community in the province was a plot by Albanian nationalists against the Serb population, and that despite their poverty, the Kosovo Albanians had historically had support from powerful allies
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Due to its critical nature - some party ideologues referred to the editors and authors of Praxis as "professional Anti-Communists" and "enemies of self-managing socialism" — the journal was banned on several occasions. By 1975 it became impossible to publish the journal under the increasingly
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and bureaucrats in the Yugoslav government. He proposed a reduction in financial investment in the province and the introduction of a family planning program, "in a gentle and psychologically acceptable way, and by the Albanians themselves, using primarily educational means". Seyla Benhabib
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Different school's theorists emphasized different aspects of the theory. Where Gajo Petrović writes of philosophy as radical critique of all existing things, emphasizing the essentially creative and practical nature of human beings, Mihailo Marković writes of
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with the support of eight academics associated with the Praxis School, Tito urged that they be sacked on the grounds that they were "corrupting" their students, although the Belgrade Eight (as they became known) narrowly held on to their jobs.
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to be apologetic due to their ad hoc nature. Leninist and Stalinist theories were considered to be unfaithful to the Marxist theory, as they were adjusted according to the needs of the party elite and intolerant of ideological criticism.
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Due to the tumultuous sociopolitical conditions in the 1960s, the affirmation of 'authentic' Marxist theory and praxis, and its humanist and dialectical aspects in particular, was an urgent task for philosophers working across the
2399:) and foreign (in multiple languages). The first issue of the Yugoslav edition was published on 1 September 1964 and was published until 1974. As for the foreign edition, it was published between 1965 and 1973. Its founders were 2680:
and reopening Korčula Summer School. Their efforts failed, which was the main motive for several Praxis members from Belgrade to try to publish the journal abroad. They succeeded in achieving this and by April 1981, the
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were certainly important in their own right, their work was nonetheless built upon the earlier thought of Western Marxists, as was that of the Yugoslav theoreticians published in the journal
2653:) were expelled from the Faculty of Philosophy in Belgrade on the basis of a decision of the Serbian Assembly. Some of the Eight taught abroad: Marković took up a part-time position at the 2846: 2814:
as its most striking feature: "This is cliche neo-fascist thinking, racist thinking about an oppressed group. You will find racists everywhere saying the same thing". The outbreak of the
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shortly afterwards drove a wedge between the Belgrade Praxisists and their western collaborators: by this time Marković had been appointed vice-president of Milošević's
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has been of much help in promoting the Praxis school abroad. As many as six members of the Praxis school have published articles in this collection: Marković, Petrović,
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The influence of the Praxis school is mainly through its intellectual legacy as a heterodox interpretation of Marxism. This interpretation has been popular among
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and the dynamic nature of human beings. Milan Kangrga emphasizes creativity as well, but also the understanding of human beings as producers humanizing nature.
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The articles produced during the meeting were published in the journal during the following year. Each summer, the gathering focused on a particular topic:
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Although the tolerance for dissent from orthodox Communist thought afforded to the Praxis School in Yugoslavia was unusual, it had its limits. When
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journal was published by a group of praxis theoreticians, mainly from the departments of Philosophy and Sociology at Zagreb University and the
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journal. However, not all Praxis members supported this move. This move was supported by four members of the editorial board of the
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The school was a meeting place for philosophers and social critics from the entire world. Some of the prominent attendees included
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articles on controversial areas such as politics and ideology were often disguised as writings about more abstract topics such as
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were ways to promote open inquiry in accordance with these postulates. Erich Fromm's collection of articles from 1965 entitled
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Of the other Belgrade Praxisists, Stojanović became chief adviser to Ćosić when the latter was appointed President of the
2167: 605: 374: 261: 3168:("Sloboda i nasilje: Razgovor o časopisu Praxis i Korčulanskoj letnjoj školi"), "Res publica", Beograd, 2003 (in Serbian) 3366: 3361: 1377: 1257: 431: 346: 191: 2290:; and 2) call for freedom of speech in both East and West based upon Marx's insistence on ruthless social critique. As 1157: 2869: 1885: 1687: 291: 216: 111: 39: 2985: 2979: 2931: 2318: 3341: 2654: 1797: 1657: 1632: 1557: 920: 718: 161: 2852:
However, some of the Belgrade Praxisists maintained opposition to the nationalist turn: Popov founded the liberal
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in 1990. Although Tadić was a leader of the opposition to Milošević in Serbia, he was an uncritical supporter of
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subsequently stated that the publication of the article was the one editorial decision she regretted at
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1966: The summer school was canceled due to the intense attacks by the League of Communists of Croatia
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Praxis has helped to restore the creative potential of Marxism. It drew inspiration from the works of
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was preceded by a symposium organized by Gajo Petrovic and Milan Kangrga in the summer of 1963 in
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Freedom and Violence: a conversation about the Praxis journal and Korčula Summer school
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1970: Hegel and Our Time (celebrating the anniversary of 200 years since Hegel's birth)
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to drop charges against Karadžić, describing him as "the true leader of all Serbs".
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In the same year, in January, the aforementioned Belgrade Eight (Mihailo Marković,
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Yugoslavia: The Rise and Fall of Socialist Humanism. A History of the Praxis Group
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was published until January 1994 when it continued to be published under the name
3174:, 2nd Edition. Gen. Ed. Robert Audi. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. 2741:. In 1986, Marković, Tadić and Golubović, along with writer and Praxis associate 3256: 2947: 2537: 2529: 2463: 2455: 2447: 2363: 2291: 1857: 1802: 1757: 1652: 1597: 1522: 1352: 1342: 1247: 1227: 1187: 1112: 1102: 1092: 893: 590: 488: 463: 151: 86: 3266: 3035: 2899: 2561: 2533: 2518: 2491: 2412: 2348: 2329: 2287: 2239: 1852: 1662: 1492: 1402: 1397: 1387: 1267: 1192: 1152: 1147: 987: 787: 762: 458: 81: 3304: 2335:
Organizing Korčula Summer School and publishing the international edition of
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The defining features of the school were: 1) emphasis on the writings of the
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philosophy into the Praxis brand of Marxist social critique, spearheaded by
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Constellations: An International Journal of Critical and Democratic Theory
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Marxism and Totality: The Adventures of a Concept from Lukács to Habermas
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The Yugoslav search for man: Marxist humanism in contemporary Yugoslavia
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editors had a strong tendency to publish articles that went against the
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against poor living conditions, authoritarianism, unemployment and the
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Another important feature of the Praxis theory is the incorporation of
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On the Conception of Politics of the Praxis Group: Exposing the Limits
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The Praxis members tried in several occasions to resume publishing of
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University of Belgrade students held mass demonstrations in 1968
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Their Morals and Ours: The class foundations of moral practice
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Noam Chomsky on the repression of the Belgrade Praxis members
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Praxis: Marxist Criticism and Dissent in Socialist Yugoslavia
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An Introduction to the Three Volumes of Karl Marx's Capital
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The Disintegration of the Yugoslav Intellectual Community
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International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
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The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State
2845:: in 1996 he and Marković signed a petition urging the 2195:
philosophical circle, whose members were influenced by
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by Milošević in 1992. Tadić and Mićunović formed the
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article about Mihailo Marković and the Praxis school
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and Mihailo Marković. From 1986 the co-editors were
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Prilozi Za Istraživanje Hrvatske Filozofske Baštine
2313:The Praxis School critiqued the implementation of 2222:of Belgrade. From 1964 to 1974 they published the 3161:. J.F. Bergin Publishers, South Hadley, MA. 1983. 2951:, a new journal drawing from the Praxis tradition 2737:, some of the Belgrade Praxisists turned towards 3066:, 1965, 1, pounds. 41–48 and pp. 49–58 3315:An Analysis of a Serbian Anarchist Group about 2757:, which has been described as the catalyst for 2478:theory and praxis promoted and enforced by the 3154:. Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 1977. 2341:Socialist Humanism: An International Symposium 2234:. The group also organized the widely popular 2769:against the Serbian community, including the 2617:1973: The Essence and Limits of Civil Society 2294:has argued in his preface to Marković's work 2168: 62:The Condition of the Working Class in England 8: 2517:from 1964 to 1974 in the Croatian island of 2395:was published in two editions: Yugoslav (in 2385:Philosophy department at Belgrade University 57:Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 2590:1964: Meaning and Perspectives of Socialism 2235: 2210:Prominent Praxis school theorists include 2175: 2161: 749: 202:Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses 77:The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte 18: 3015:Learn how and when to remove this message 3347:Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 2978:This article includes a list of general 2735:inter-ethnic tensions in Yugoslavia rose 3028: 2753:. Marković was also a co-author of the 2315:socialist self-management in Yugoslavia 860: 812: 752: 30: 16:Marxist humanist philosophical movement 983:Socialism with Chinese characteristics 3141:Mihailo Markovic and Robert S. Cohen 3105: 1896:Critique: Journal of Socialist Theory 272:Change the World Without Taking Power 7: 3180:"Temelji hrvatske filozofije prakse" 3145:, Nottingham, Spokesman Books, 1975. 3103: 3101: 3099: 3097: 3095: 3093: 3091: 3089: 3087: 3085: 2685:journal was edited and published in 2583:1963: Progress and Culture (held in 2274:The Praxis philosophers considered 227:Marxism and the Oppression of Women 157:Theses on the Philosophy of History 3172:Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy 2984:it lacks sufficient corresponding 2745:, signed a petition in support of 2659:University of California, Berkeley 2657:, whilst Stojanović worked at the 2620:1974: Art in a Technologized World 2480:League of Communists of Yugoslavia 2321:was not sufficiently implemented. 2257:League of Communists of Yugoslavia 14: 247:Time, Labor and Social Domination 2969: 2916: 2902: 2876:campaigns by the Croatian Army. 2142: 2130: 2118: 1954:21st-century communist theorists 297:Towards Socialism or Capitalism? 212:How Europe Underdeveloped Africa 132:Essays on Marx's Theory of Value 38: 3299:article about the Praxis school 3178:Kukoč, Mislav (December 1994). 3110:Secor, Laura (September 1999). 2630:repressive conditions in SFRY. 2523:League of Communists of Croatia 656:Theory of historical trajectory 534:Dictatorship of the proletariat 237:Hegemony and Socialist Strategy 137:History and Class Consciousness 92:Critique of the Gotha Programme 2827:Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 2689:in the spirit of the original 454:Socially necessary labour time 352:Philosophy in the Soviet Union 242:The Sublime Object of Ideology 167:A Critique of Soviet Economics 1: 3235:Praxis Philosophy Study Guide 2599:1967: Creativity and Creation 375:Critique of political economy 3261:The New York Review of Books 3075:Erich Fromm, "Foreword". In 412:Falling profit-rate tendency 192:The Society of the Spectacle 3324:Webpage contributed to the 3288:The Praxis of Gajo Petrović 2870:Croatian Helsinki Committee 1886:Capitalism Nature Socialism 402:Concrete and abstract labor 292:Capital in the Anthropocene 217:Social Justice and the City 112:The Accumulation of Capital 3383: 3352:Marxist schools of thought 2860:in the 1980s) founded the 2655:University of Pennsylvania 2614:1972: Freedom and Equality 162:Dialectic of Enlightenment 3279:The Korčula Summer School 3271:and Korcula Summer School 3222:Marxists Internet Archive 2820:Socialist Party of Serbia 2602:1968: Marx and Revolution 307:Literature and Revolution 267:Late Victorian Holocausts 197:Pedagogy of the Oppressed 182:The Wretched of the Earth 3077:From Affluence to Praxis 2932:Budapest School (Lukács) 2872:, and spoke out against 2854:Civic Alliance of Serbia 2611:1971: Utopia and Reality 2605:1969: Power and Humanity 2319:workers' self-management 2296:From Affluence to Praxis 257:The Origin of Capitalism 127:The State and Revolution 2999:more precise citations. 2888:and academics, notably 2837:, the President of the 958:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism 601:Relations of production 484:Base and superstructure 337:Dialectical materialism 302:The Revolution Betrayed 122:Terrorism and Communism 117:Philosophical Notebooks 72:The Communist Manifesto 3194:(1–2 (39–40)): 407–432 2593:1965: What is History? 1901:Historical Materialism 646:Proletarian revolution 641:Primitive accumulation 636:Historical determinism 3237:at Autodidact Project 3112:"Testaments Betrayed" 2507:Korčula Summer School 2502:Korčula Summer School 2236:Korčula Summer School 2137:Philosophy portal 1931:Science & Society 549:Democratic centralism 407:Factors of production 277:Caliban and the Witch 222:Women, Race and Class 3326:Philosophy of praxis 3228:Praxis International 3164:Nebojša Popov (ed.) 2808:Praxis International 2766:Praxis International 2717:Praxis International 2703:Richard J. Bernstein 2699:Praxis International 2683:Praxis International 2670:Praxis International 2663:University of Kansas 2649:, Nebojša Popov and 2554:Richard J. Bernstein 2207:, during the 1960s. 2149:Socialism portal 2125:Communism portal 1994:History of communism 1989:Economic determinism 1974:Criticism of Marxism 1964:Creative destruction 724:Marxism and religion 444:Scientific socialism 347:Philosophy of nature 232:Imagined Communities 97:Dialectics of Nature 3367:1970s in Yugoslavia 3362:1960s in Yugoslavia 3273:(in Serbo-croatian) 3263:, February 7, 1974. 3241:Robert Stallaerts, 2955:Praxis intervention 2739:Serbian nationalism 2711:Svetozar Stojanović 2647:Dragoljub Mićunović 2645:, Miladin Životić, 2643:Svetozar Stojanović 2199:. It originated in 1881:Capital & Class 561:False consciousness 509:Commodity fetishism 499:Class consciousness 417:Means of production 252:The Age of Extremes 172:The Long Revolution 107:What Is to Be Done? 67:The German Ideology 3267:Online archive of 2858:post-structuralism 2812:demographic threat 2761:'s rise to power. 2759:Slobodan Milošević 2095:Worker cooperative 2073:Left-wing populism 1999:Left-wing politics 1936:Socialist Register 1926:Rethinking Marxism 719:Literary criticism 422:Mode of production 287:Capitalist Realism 147:The Black Jacobins 3342:Social philosophy 3044:Leszek Kolakowski 3025: 3024: 3017: 2910:Philosophy portal 2751:autonomous status 2639:Zagorka Golubović 2302:and Stalinists". 2238:in the island of 2185: 2184: 2026:Political ecology 2004:Marxian economics 943:Council communism 911: 910: 838:Neue Marx-Lektüre 800:Regulation school 689:Cultural analysis 581:Lumpenproletariat 524:Cultural hegemony 514:Communist society 504:Classless society 439:Productive forces 177:Guerrilla Warfare 50:Theoretical works 3374: 3286:Bozidar Jakšić, 3203: 3201: 3199: 3185: 3157:Oskar Gruenwald 3148:Gerson S. 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Index

a series
Marxism
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
Theoretical works
Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844
The Condition of the Working Class in England
The German Ideology
The Communist Manifesto
The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte
Grundrisse
Capital
Critique of the Gotha Programme
Dialectics of Nature
The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State
What Is to Be Done?
The Accumulation of Capital
Philosophical Notebooks
Terrorism and Communism
The State and Revolution
Essays on Marx's Theory of Value
History and Class Consciousness
Prison Notebooks
The Black Jacobins
On Practice
Theses on the Philosophy of History
Dialectic of Enlightenment
A Critique of Soviet Economics
The Long Revolution
Guerrilla Warfare
The Wretched of the Earth

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