518:. Specifically, John Calvin in the Institutes of the Christian Religion (), believes that the Bible demonstrates that the central principle of worship is on the direct invocation of God. Calvin quotes Psalm 44, "If we have forgotten the name of our God, or stretched out our hands to a strange god, shall not God search this out?” The next principle Calvin brings out from the Bible is that all prayer must be done only through the intercession of Christ. Calvin teaches that in Hebrews 13:15, Christians are reminded that "without the intervention of his priesthood our lips are not pure enough to celebrate the name of God". Because of the intercession of Christ, Calvin says that Christians can join the Apostle Paul and "Pray without ceasing;" (1 Thess:5:17). In contrast, Calvin believes that the practice of praying to saints is a demonstration of "distrust, because they are either not contented with Christ as an intercessor or have altogether robbed him of this honour".
404:
1643:'doctrina scholasticorum' of the doctrine of the school authors in 1563 to bring the condemnation up to date subsequent to the Council of Trent. As E. J. Bicknell writes, invocation may mean either of two things: the simple request to a saint for his prayers (intercession), 'ora pro nobis', or a request for some particular benefit. In medieval times the saints had come to be regarded as themselves the authors of blessings. Such a view was condemned but the former was affirmed.
31:
691:
276:
333:, which teaches that "... the saints who reign together with Christ offer up their own prayers to God for men. It is good and useful suppliantly to invoke them, and to have recourse to their prayers, aid, and help for obtaining benefits from God, through His Son Jesus Christ our Lord, Who alone is our Redeemer and Saviour".
1001:
Editor's comment (ibid., note 16, p. 167): "So does ‘his grace' mean John's grace? Clearly not in the ordinary understanding of such a phrase, as though John were the source of the grace. But in the sense that John's grace is the grace of being the friend of the bridegroom, and that that is the grace
428:
rejects invoking the saints to ask for their help, it affirms that "they pray for the Church universal in general" in life and in heaven. The
Augsburg Confession emphasizes that Christ is the only Mediator between God and man, and that He is therefore the only One to and through Whom Christians ought
313:
passed immediately into the presence of God and could obtain graces and blessings for others, which naturally and immediately led to their direct invocation. A further reinforcement was derived from the cult of the angels which, while pre-Christian in its origin, was heartily embraced by the faithful
355:
956 The intercession of the saints. "Being more closely united to Christ, those who dwell in heaven fix the whole Church more firmly in holiness. ...They do not cease to intercede with the Father for us, as they proffer the merits which they acquired on earth through the one mediator between God and
223:
Early
Christians derived some of their views from Judaism. "t least some Jews in the first century believed that the angels in heaven were praying for those on earth and presenting their prayers to God. Those in heaven—Onias, Jeremiah, and the angels—were intimately involved in what was happening on
215:
slain should rise again, it would have seemed superfluous and vain to pray for the dead,) And because he considered that they who had fallen asleep with godliness, had great grace laid up for them. It is therefore a holy and wholesome thought to pray for the dead, that they may be loosed from sins."
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speaks explicitly about the prayer of the living for the dead: "And making a gathering, he sent twelve thousand drachms of silver to
Jerusalem for sacrifice to be offered for the sins of the dead, thinking well and religiously concerning the resurrection, (For if he had not hoped that they that were
1642:
In 1556 Article XXII in part read ... 'The Romish doctrine concerning ... invocation of saints, is a fond thing vainly invented, and grounded upon no warranty of
Scripture, but rather repugnant to the word of God.' The term 'doctrina Romanensium' or Romish doctrine was substituted for the
374:
In ecumenical conversations, agreement has been reached that "asking the saints to intercede for us expresses the solidarity of the church wherein all are meant to be of mutual support to one another. Analogous to what is done among living persons, the request directed toward a saint to pray for us
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The elders of the church can intercede for the sick people. "Is anyone among you sick? Let them call the elders of the church to pray over them and anoint them with oil in the name of the Lord. And the prayer offered in faith will make the sick person well; the Lord will raise them up. If they have
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in spite of the rabbinical prohibition against appealing to angels as intermediaries between God and his people. There were two prayers written beseeching him as the prince of mercy to intercede in favor of Israel: one composed by
Eliezer ha-Kalir, and the other by Judah ben Samuel he-Hasid. Those
325:
wrote: "If the
Apostles and Martyrs, while still in the body, can pray for others, at a time when they must still be anxious for themselves, how much more after their crowns, victories, and triumphs are won! One man, Moses, obtains from God pardon for six hundred thousand men in arms; and Stephen,
1669:
The
Scottish priest William Forbes (1558–1634) argued that Anglicans could call upon the saints without running afoul of the Articles by simply making it clear, in their minds if nowhere else, that they are asking for the saints to pray with them and on their behalf, not praying to them. Forbes
155:
Mary intercedes at the wedding at Cana and occasions Jesus's first miracle. "On the third day a wedding took place at Cana in
Galilee. Jesus' mother was there, and Jesus and his disciples had also been invited to the wedding. When the wine was gone, Jesus' mother said to him, 'They have no more
224:
earth." In Luke 15:7 Jesus says that those in heaven rejoice when a sinner repents. In
Hebrews 12:1, the author refers to them as a "cloud of witnesses". According to Fr. Lawrence, "It was part of the Church's faith in the first century that those in heaven interceded for those on earth."
204:; for he oft refreshed me, and was not ashamed of my chain: But, when he was in Rome, he sought me out very diligently, and found me. The Lord grant unto him that he may find mercy of the Lord in that day: and in how many things he ministered unto me at Ephesus, thou knowest very well."
370:
with a critical view toward the medieval tendencies of imagining the saints in heaven distributing favors to whom they will and instead seeing in proper devotion to the saints a means of response to God's activity in us through these creative models of Christ-likeness.
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said of his deceased father: "I am well assured that his intercession is of more avail now than was his instruction in former days, since he is closer to God, now that he has shaken off his bodily fetters, and freed his mind from the clay which obscured it"; and
394:
With the exception of a few early
Protestant churches, most modern Protestant churches strongly reject the intercession of the dead for the living, but they are in favor of the intercession of the living for the living according to Romans 15:30.
56:
for others. To intercede is to go or come between two parties, to plead before one of them on behalf of the other. In ecclesiastical usage both words are taken in the sense of the intervention primarily of Christ, and secondarily of the
163:
When God was displeased by the four men who had attempted to give advice to the patriarch Job, he said to them, "My servant Job will pray for you, and I will accept his prayer and not deal with you according to your folly" (Job 42:8).
489:
make a clear distinction between a "Romish" doctrine concerning the invocation of saints and what they view as the "Patristic" doctrine of intercession of the saints, permitting the latter, but forbidding the former. The bishop
423:
confessions approve honoring the saints by thanking God for examples of his mercy, by using the saints as examples for strengthening the believers' faith, and by imitating their faith and other virtues. Although the
757:
Tawassul is the practice of using someone as a means or an intermediary in a supplication directed towards God. An example of this would be such: "O my Lord, help me with due to the love I have for Your Prophet."
38:, let us ask for the help of his prayers. Because he is the friend of the bridegroom you see, he can also obtain for us that we can belong to the bridegroom, that we may be thought worthy to obtain his grace." –
263:, the prophet who died almost 400 years earlier. "And Onias spoke, saying, 'This is a man who loves the brethren and prays much for the people and the holy city, Jeremiah, the prophet of God.
2208:
407:"Scripture does not teach calling on the saints or pleading for help from them. For it sets before us Christ alone as mediator, atoning sacrifice, high priest, and intercessor."—
999:
534:, rejects invocation of saints by declaring the doctrine "a fond thing, vainly invented, and grounded upon no warrant of Scripture, but rather repugnant to the Word of God".
482:(1563) condemn "invocation of saints" as "a fond thing, vainly invented, and grounded upon no warranty of Scripture, but rather repugnant to the Word of God" (Article XXII).
1933:
326:
the imitator of the Lord, and the first martyr in Christ, begs forgiveness for his persecutors; and shall their power be less after having begun to be with Christ?"
174:'Forgive the sin of these people, just as you have pardoned them from the time they left Egypt until now.' The Lord replied, 'I have forgiven them, as you asked
642:
The perspectives of those Jewish groups opposed to the use of intercessors is usually softer in regard to beseeching the Almighty alone merely in the "merit" (
2360:
1762:
1614:
1003:
148:) beseech you, brethren, for the Lord Jesus Christ's sake, and for the love of the Spirit, that ye strive together with me in your prayers to God for me" (
340:
can also practiced by individuals, and evidence of miracles produced as a result of such prayer is very commonly produced during the formal process of
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1336:
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churchmanship, respectively). The practice of asking saints for their intercession can be found in Christian writings from the 3rd century onwards.
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wine.' 'Woman, why do you involve me?' Jesus replied. 'My hour has not yet come.' His mother said to the servants, 'Do whatever he tells you
2043:
1730:"Philip Schaff: Creeds of Christendom, Volume III. The Creeds of the Evangelical Protestant Churches. Christian Classics Ethereal Library"
944:
2253:
1786:
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quotes Revelation 8:4: "And the smoke of the incense of the prayers of the saints ascended up before God from the hand of the angel."
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1813:
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988:
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to consist of all believers, including those who have died, but invocation of departed saints is regarded as a transgression of the
2005:
527:
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2121:
1489:
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112:, which certain churches interpret as supporting the intercession of saints. However, similar practices are controversial in
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Intercessory prayer to saints also plays an important role in the Eastern and Oriental Orthodox churches such as the
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is a precise expression of solidarity in Jesus Christ, through the ages and across various modes of human existence".
211:
78:
403:
898:
577:
82:
433:—a Lutheran denomination with Evangelical Catholic churchmanship—affirmed a belief in the intercession of saints.
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918:
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241:
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giving blessing to the Jewish army. In ancient Judaism, it was also popular to pray for intercession from
472:, the official statement of religion produced in 1543, devotes an entire section to the importance of the
379:
208:
1969:
1333:
2335:
1303:
305:
doctrine supports intercessory prayer to saints. This practice is an application of the doctrine of the
138:
58:
34:"As we celebrate with our festive gatherings the birthday of this great man, the Lord's forerunner, the
2145:
2116:
1998:
669:. The conflict between the groups is essentially over what constitutes prayer, worship, a mediator (
531:
479:
468:
317:
94:
1805:
Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God [2 volumes]
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who has already died to make intercession before the Almighty. This practice is common mainly among
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2340:
2176:
2161:
2094:
2036:
1656:
1569:
Schofield, John (2006). Philip Melanchthon and the English Reformation, Ashgate Publishing. p. 68.
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425:
408:
306:
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109:
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1354:
991:
984:
873:. These ancient ancestors act as interceders between the living world and their supreme deity
778:
498:, meaning "asking for the saints to pray with them and on their behalf, not praying to them".
98:
1719:
Book 3, Chapter 20 of Prayer-A Perpetual Exercise of Faith. The Daily Benefit Derived from It
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245:
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2198:
1240:
830:
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330:
310:
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149:
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35:
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595:– an extremely righteous individual. The main conflict is over a practice of beseeching a
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1991:
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1937:
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383:
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279:
70:
30:
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Patricia A. Sullivan. "A Reinterpretation of Invocation and Intercession of the Saints."
1587:"A Necessary Doctrine and Erudition for Any Christian Man: Of Prayer for Souls Departed"
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prayer (Qulasta prayer 170), have long lists of ancestors, uthras, and prophets such as
237:: "Call if you will, but who will answer you? To which of the holy ones will you turn?"
2263:
2217:
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1906:
870:
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234:
227:
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Chareidi community. Those who oppose this practice usually do so over the problem of
2391:
2378:
2287:
2275:
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441:
341:
337:
121:
39:
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belief in intercession, both in the form of the paternal blessings passed down from
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men, Christ Jesus. ...So by their fraternal concern is our weakness greatly helped."
2244:
2222:
1833:. Translated by Reza Shah-Kazemi. London: I.B.Tauris Publishers. pp. 132–137.
908:
848:
462:
367:
345:
53:
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Those Jews who support the use of intercessors claim that their beseeching of the
1954:
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1700:
1681:
1586:
2101:
1942:
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437:
420:
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287:
201:
17:
1279:
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863:, some of their ancient dead are taken as, in an analogy, holy saints, called
860:
145:
1261:
1193:
2234:
1778:
Rituals of Islamic Spirituality: A Study of Majlis Dhikr Groups in East Java
1049:
564:
474:
445:
256:
1547:
The Church in Act: Lutheran Liturgical Theology in Ecumenical Conversation
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762:
752:
628:
612:
604:
600:
585:
568:
260:
90:
86:
49:
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we are asking him to obtain for us too, yes, it does mean John's grace."
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communities. It strongest opposition is found largely among sectors of
2367:
2315:
1978:
1407:
The Book of Concord: The Confessions of the Evangelical Lutheran Church
865:
852:
816:
806:
782:
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is not prayer or worship, or alternatively that they are still praying
624:
552:
548:
200:
to support prayer for the dead: "The Lord give mercy unto the house of
113:
1983:
1404:
Kolb, Robert; Wengert, Timothy J.; Arand, Charles P. (4 August 2000).
1334:
https://theologicalstudies.net/2005-all-volumes-and-table-of-contents/
983:, (1994), Sermons 273–305, John E. Rotelle, ed., Edmund Hill, Trans.,
275:
2320:
2193:
913:
856:
618:
591:
322:
1831:
doctrines of shii islam; A Compendium of Imami Beliefs and Practices
583:
In modern times, one of the greatest divisions in Jewish theology (
2084:
2015:
1914:
798:
789:
is viewed as the essential criterion of both faith and salvation.
402:
283:
274:
167:
117:
66:
62:
29:
329:
The doctrine of intercession and invocation was set forth by the
1829:
Sobhani, Ayatollah Ja'far (2001-09-27). Reza Shah-Kazemi (ed.).
826:
1987:
979:, Sermon 293B:5:1. "Against superstitious midsummer rituals."
1966:
945:
Augsburg Confession, Article XXI: Of the Worship of the Saints
786:
770:
765:
practice seeking intercession from saints, in particular from
684:
466:(1536), defended the practice of praying to saints, while the
255:; an intercession on behalf of Israel by the late high priest
631:, as Jewish Law strictly prohibits making use of a mediator (
589:) is over the issue of whether one can beseech the help of a
444:
advocated the use of the pre-Council of Trent version of the
336:
Intercessory prayer to saintly persons who have not yet been
1763:"Is it okay to ask a deceased tzaddik to pray on my behalf?"
1262:"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary"
805:) in Mandaean prayers, such as the canonical prayers of the
603:
Jews, but also found in varying degrees among other usually
233:
Both those for and against the intercession of saints quote
1381:"On Intercessions | Coptic Orthodox Diocese of Los Angeles"
1305:
Catechism of the Catholic Church – The Communion of Saints
1212:"4 Biblical Proofs for Prayers to Saints and for the Dead"
452:(Prayer Book) of Lutheranism thus retained the Ave Maria.
361:
Catechism of the Catholic Church – The Communion of Saints
248:
indicates the ability of the dead to pray for the living.
1802:
Ph.D, Coeli Fitzpatrick; Walker, Adam Hani (2014-04-25).
1450:"Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod – Christian Cyclopedia"
948:. This criticism was refuted by the Catholic side in the
448:
as a sign of reverence for and devotion to her. The 1522
1856:
The great stem of souls: reconstructing Mandaean history
952:, which in turn was refuted by the Lutheran side in the
429:
to pray. Though most Lutheran denominations do not, the
251:
The intercession of the dead for the living is shown in
1628:
The Anglican Prayer Life: Ceum Na Corach', the True Way
309:. Some of the early basis for this was the belief that
510:
understand the "communion of saints" mentioned in the
665:
through God, but secondarily communicating with the
366:
Some Catholic scholars have assessed invocation and
2308:
2243:
2154:
2067:
2022:
351:According to the Catechism of the Catholic Church:
1072:"On the Intercession and Invocation of the Saints"
1979:Salatul Istisqa, Islamic prayer for rain ceremony
942:The intercession of saints was criticized in the
1931:Church Fathers on the Intercession of the Saints
1670:styled this advocation as opposed to invocation.
1356:Systematic Theology: Roman Catholic Perspectives
1280:"CHURCH FATHERS: Oration 18 (Gregory Nazianzen)"
1115:"Why do we pray for the intersession of Saints?"
182:sinned, they will be forgiven" (James 5:14–15).
69:, on behalf of men. The doctrine is held by the
353:
1657:"The Non-Competitive Mary – Working the Beads"
1521:Article XXI : Of the Invocation of Saints
1999:
8:
1468:"Art. XXI (IX): Of the Invocation of Saints"
1909:, "La civilisation sereer", vol. II :
1188:
1186:
1184:
719:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
386:believe in the intercession of the saints.
141:, the living can intercede for the living:
2006:
1992:
1984:
1439:Apology of the Augsburg Confession XXI 4–7
1036:
1034:
460:The first Anglican articles of faith, the
1881:The Canonical Prayerbook of the Mandaeans
1655:Mitchican, Jonathan A. (26 August 2016).
977:On the Birthday of Saint John the Baptist
739:Learn how and when to remove this message
133:Intercession of the living for the living
1943:Marian Prayers and Prayers of the Saints
1158:
1156:
981:Augustine's Works, Sermons on the Saints
969:
935:
219:Intercession of the dead for the living
186:Intercession of the living for the dead
576:who oppose this practice feel that to
1236:"Intercession of the Saints—Revealed"
1194:"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Intercession"
1046:Evangelical Community Church-Lutheran
809:. Some of these prayers, such as the
431:Evangelical Community Church-Lutheran
7:
1955:Marian Novenas and Novenas to Saints
1519:Apology to the Augsburg Confession,
1353:Fiorenza, Francis Schüssler (2011).
717:adding citations to reliable sources
639:) between oneself and the Almighty.
1470:. Book of Concord. 10 December 2019
1016:CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Intercession
478:("Hail Mary") prayer. However, the
2254:Dicastery for the Causes of Saints
1858:. Piscataway, N.J: Gorgias Press.
1496:. 28 December 2019. Archived from
954:Apology to the Augsburg Confession
25:
1913:, Nouvelles éditions africaines,
1854:Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen (2010).
1897:. Oxford At The Clarendon Press.
1133:"John 2:1–5 NIV – Bible Gateway"
1090:"The Intercession of the Saints"
689:
578:God alone may prayers be offered
530:from 1784, echoing the Anglican
286:(at top left) for the life of a
1359:. Fortress Press. p. 447.
290:afflicted by plague during the
52:that maintains that saints can
1895:The Mandaeans of Iraq and Iran
1808:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 300–301.
1147:"Job 42:8 NIV – Bible Gateway"
1:
2398:Christian worship and liturgy
1893:Drower, Ethel Stefana. 1937.
904:Intercession of the Theotokos
526:Article XIV of the Methodist
494:termed the Anglican practice
1967:Index and Calendar of Saints
1753:Baruch Apoc. Ethiopic, ix. 5
1736:. Article 14, "Of Purgatory"
1545:Johnson, Maxwell E. (2015).
538:Parallels in other religions
1781:. ANU E Press. p. 70.
79:Assyrian Church of the East
2429:
2361:Women of the patristic age
1216:National Catholic Register
899:Intercession of the Spirit
840:
750:
368:intercession of the saints
314:of the sub-Apostolic age.
189:
83:Oriental Orthodox churches
46:Intercession of the Saints
2376:
2044:Eastern Orthodox calendar
1630:. iUniverse. p. 14.
1430:Augsburg Confession XXI 1
801:(celestial beings in the
623:and among aspects of the
75:Eastern Orthodox Churches
2259:Candidates for sainthood
1626:Sokol, David F. (2001).
1490:"1530 Roman Confutation"
919:Slava (patron saint day)
496:advocation of the saints
242:the rich man and Lazarus
2351:Early Christian writers
2300:Equivalent canonization
2141:Saints in Protestantism
2136:Symbology of the Saints
1332:no.2 (2005): 381–400.
1165:"Praying to the Saints"
1119:news.assyrianchurch.org
847:In the religion of the
547:There is evidence of a
506:Like Lutherans, strict
485:Theologians within the
2032:General Roman Calendar
1883:. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
1879:Drower, E. S. (1959).
1775:Zamhari, Arif (2011).
894:Intercession of Christ
416:
380:Coptic Orthodox Church
364:
299:
178:" (Numbers 14:19–20).
42:
2403:Christian terminology
2336:Saints in Anglicanism
1163:Farley, Fr Lawrence.
555:to his children, and
406:
278:
209:deuterocanonical book
139:Epistle to the Romans
108:states belief in the
33:
2146:Levitation of saints
1701:Heidelberg Catechism
1682:Heidelberg Catechism
1611:Thirty-Nine Articles
713:improve this section
532:Thirty-nine Articles
528:Articles of Religion
480:Thirty-nine Articles
382:. In addition, some
318:Gregory of Nazianzus
253:2 Maccabees 15:14–17
240:Christ's parable of
212:2 Maccabees 12:43–46
95:Evangelical Catholic
2341:Saints in Methodism
2177:Prayer for the dead
2162:Communion of saints
2037:Tridentine calendar
1659:. Working the Beads
1591:anglicanhistory.org
1327:Theological Studies
436:With regard to the
426:Augsburg Confession
409:Augsburg Confession
307:Communion of saints
292:Plague of Justinian
192:Prayer for the dead
110:communion of saints
2049:Anglican calendars
2024:Calendar of saints
1972:2014-12-31 at the
1960:2014-10-14 at the
1948:2015-02-11 at the
1936:2016-10-10 at the
1917:, 1990, pp 305–402
1706:2021-04-15 at the
1687:2021-04-15 at the
1549:. Fortress Press.
1410:. Fortress Press.
1339:2021-08-12 at the
889:Efficacy of prayer
487:Anglican Communion
417:
300:
93:(chiefly those of
43:
27:Christian doctrine
2385:
2384:
2331:Roman Martyrology
2080:Equal-to-apostles
2059:Lutheran calendar
1865:978-1-59333-621-9
1840:978-1-86064-780-2
1637:978-0-595-19171-0
1575:978-0-7546-5567-1
1556:978-1-4514-9668-0
1494:bookofconcord.org
1417:978-1-4514-1732-6
1366:978-1-4514-0792-1
1284:www.newadvent.org
1042:"What We Believe"
996:978-1-56548-060-5
779:Muhammad al-Baqir
749:
748:
741:
673:), and an agent (
516:First Commandment
198:2 Timothy 1:16–18
137:According to the
16:(Redirected from
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1664:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1623:
1617:
1613:, Article XXII:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1598:
1583:
1577:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1542:
1536:
1535:, 10 II, 407–409
1530:
1524:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1500:on 23 April 2013
1486:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1446:
1440:
1437:
1431:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1350:
1344:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1248:
1241:Catholic Answers
1232:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1222:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1190:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1160:
1151:
1150:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1101:
1092:. Archived from
1086:
1080:
1079:
1076:orthodoxinfo.com
1068:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1048:. Archived from
1038:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1011:
1005:
974:
957:
940:
831:John the Baptist
819:prayer 105) and
744:
737:
733:
730:
724:
693:
685:
561:Judas Maccabaeus
390:Protestant views
362:
331:Council of Trent
296:Josse Lieferinxe
266:
177:
173:
160:" (John 2:1–5).
159:
104:The 4th-century
21:
18:Prayer to saints
2428:
2427:
2423:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2418:
2417:
2388:
2387:
2386:
2381:
2372:
2304:
2239:
2218:Passion bearers
2150:
2090:Catacomb saints
2063:
2054:Coptic calendar
2018:
2012:
1974:Wayback Machine
1962:Wayback Machine
1950:Wayback Machine
1938:Wayback Machine
1927:
1922:
1921:
1907:Gravrand, Henry
1905:
1901:
1892:
1888:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1866:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1841:
1828:
1827:
1823:
1816:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1789:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1761:
1757:
1752:
1748:
1739:
1737:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1718:
1714:
1708:Wayback Machine
1699:
1695:
1689:Wayback Machine
1680:
1676:
1662:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1638:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1609:
1605:
1596:
1594:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1568:
1564:
1557:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1531:
1527:
1517:
1513:
1503:
1501:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1473:
1471:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1448:
1447:
1443:
1438:
1434:
1429:
1425:
1418:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1389:
1387:
1385:www.lacopts.org
1379:
1378:
1374:
1367:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1341:Wayback Machine
1324:
1320:
1310:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1288:
1286:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1246:
1244:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1220:
1218:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1192:
1191:
1182:
1173:
1171:
1162:
1161:
1154:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1099:
1097:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1055:
1053:
1040:
1039:
1032:
1022:
1020:
1013:
1012:
1008:
975:
971:
966:
961:
960:
941:
937:
932:
885:
845:
839:
795:
777:. According to
773:and Ali's son,
769:'s son-in-law,
755:
745:
734:
728:
725:
710:
694:
683:
609:Modern Orthodox
545:
540:
524:
522:Methodist views
512:Apostles' Creed
504:
502:Calvinist views
458:
401:
392:
384:Anglo-Catholics
363:
360:
298:, c. 1497–1499)
280:Saint Sebastian
273:
264:
221:
196:Some interpret
194:
188:
175:
171:
157:
135:
130:
106:Apostles' Creed
48:is a Christian
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2426:
2424:
2416:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2390:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2370:
2365:
2364:
2363:
2358:
2356:Church Fathers
2353:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2312:
2310:
2309:Related topics
2306:
2305:
2303:
2302:
2297:
2296:
2295:
2285:
2284:
2283:
2273:
2272:
2271:
2264:Servant of God
2261:
2256:
2250:
2248:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2237:
2232:
2231:
2230:
2220:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2212:
2211:
2201:
2191:
2190:
2189:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2158:
2156:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2132:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2119:
2114:
2107:List of saints
2104:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2082:
2077:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2028:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1964:
1952:
1940:
1926:
1925:External links
1923:
1920:
1919:
1899:
1886:
1871:
1864:
1846:
1839:
1821:
1814:
1794:
1788:978-1921666247
1787:
1767:
1755:
1746:
1721:
1712:
1693:
1674:
1647:
1636:
1618:
1615:"Of Purgatory"
1603:
1578:
1562:
1555:
1537:
1533:Luther's Works
1525:
1511:
1481:
1459:
1441:
1432:
1423:
1416:
1396:
1372:
1365:
1345:
1318:
1295:
1271:
1253:
1227:
1203:
1180:
1152:
1138:
1124:
1106:
1081:
1063:
1052:on 18 May 2007
1030:
1006:
968:
967:
965:
962:
959:
958:
934:
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928:
927:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
884:
881:
871:Serer language
843:Serer religion
841:Main article:
838:
837:Serer religion
835:
803:World of Light
794:
791:
751:Main article:
747:
746:
697:
695:
688:
682:
679:
563:sees the dead
544:
541:
539:
536:
523:
520:
503:
500:
492:William Forbes
457:
456:Anglican views
454:
440:specifically,
415:), Article XXI
400:
399:Lutheran views
397:
391:
388:
358:
272:
269:
228:Thomas Aquinas
220:
217:
187:
184:
134:
131:
129:
128:Biblical basis
126:
99:Anglo-Catholic
59:Blessed Virgin
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2425:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2380:
2379:Saints portal
2375:
2369:
2366:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
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2347:
2344:
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2329:
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2319:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2307:
2301:
2298:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2289:
2288:Beatification
2286:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2277:
2276:The Venerable
2274:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2242:
2236:
2233:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2195:
2192:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2153:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2108:
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2100:
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2045:
2042:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2014:Topics about
2009:
2004:
2002:
1997:
1995:
1990:
1989:
1986:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1903:
1900:
1896:
1890:
1887:
1882:
1875:
1872:
1867:
1861:
1857:
1850:
1847:
1842:
1836:
1832:
1825:
1822:
1817:
1815:9781610691789
1811:
1807:
1806:
1798:
1795:
1790:
1784:
1780:
1779:
1771:
1768:
1765:at Chabad.org
1764:
1759:
1756:
1750:
1747:
1735:
1731:
1725:
1722:
1716:
1713:
1710:, Question 94
1709:
1705:
1702:
1697:
1694:
1691:, Question 55
1690:
1686:
1683:
1678:
1675:
1671:
1658:
1651:
1648:
1644:
1639:
1633:
1629:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1612:
1607:
1604:
1592:
1588:
1582:
1579:
1576:
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1558:
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1541:
1538:
1534:
1529:
1526:
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1522:
1515:
1512:
1499:
1495:
1491:
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1442:
1436:
1433:
1427:
1424:
1419:
1413:
1409:
1408:
1400:
1397:
1386:
1382:
1376:
1373:
1368:
1362:
1358:
1357:
1349:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1335:
1331:
1328:
1322:
1319:
1307:
1306:
1299:
1296:
1285:
1281:
1275:
1272:
1267:
1266:newadvent.org
1263:
1257:
1254:
1243:
1242:
1237:
1231:
1228:
1217:
1213:
1207:
1204:
1199:
1198:newadvent.org
1195:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1170:
1166:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1142:
1139:
1134:
1128:
1125:
1120:
1116:
1110:
1107:
1096:on 2009-06-19
1095:
1091:
1085:
1082:
1077:
1073:
1067:
1064:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1018:
1017:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1000:
997:
993:
990:
989:1-56548-060-0
986:
982:
978:
973:
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963:
955:
951:
947:
946:
939:
936:
929:
925:
922:
920:
917:
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912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
886:
882:
880:
878:
877:
872:
868:
867:
862:
858:
854:
850:
844:
836:
834:
832:
828:
824:
823:
818:
814:
813:
808:
804:
800:
797:The names of
792:
790:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
759:
754:
743:
740:
732:
722:
718:
714:
708:
707:
703:
698:This section
696:
692:
687:
686:
680:
678:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
651:
649:
645:
640:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
620:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
593:
588:
587:
581:
579:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
542:
537:
535:
533:
529:
521:
519:
517:
513:
509:
501:
499:
497:
493:
488:
483:
481:
477:
476:
471:
470:
465:
464:
455:
453:
451:
447:
443:
442:Martin Luther
439:
434:
432:
427:
422:
414:
410:
405:
398:
396:
389:
387:
385:
381:
376:
372:
369:
357:
352:
349:
347:
343:
342:beatification
339:
334:
332:
327:
324:
319:
315:
312:
308:
304:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
271:Catholic view
270:
268:
262:
259:plus that of
258:
254:
249:
247:
246:Luke 16:19–31
243:
238:
236:
231:
229:
225:
218:
216:
213:
210:
205:
203:
199:
193:
185:
183:
179:
170:says to God,
169:
165:
161:
153:
151:
147:
142:
140:
132:
127:
125:
123:
122:Protestantism
119:
115:
111:
107:
102:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
55:
51:
47:
41:
40:St. Augustine
37:
32:
19:
2245:Canonization
2223:Patron saint
2172:Intercession
2171:
1910:
1902:
1894:
1889:
1880:
1874:
1855:
1849:
1830:
1824:
1804:
1797:
1777:
1770:
1758:
1749:
1738:. Retrieved
1734:www.ccel.org
1733:
1724:
1715:
1696:
1677:
1668:
1661:. Retrieved
1650:
1641:
1627:
1621:
1606:
1595:. Retrieved
1590:
1581:
1565:
1546:
1540:
1532:
1528:
1518:
1514:
1502:. Retrieved
1498:the original
1493:
1484:
1472:. Retrieved
1462:
1453:
1444:
1435:
1426:
1406:
1399:
1388:. Retrieved
1384:
1375:
1355:
1348:
1329:
1326:
1321:
1309:. Retrieved
1304:
1298:
1287:. Retrieved
1283:
1274:
1265:
1256:
1245:. Retrieved
1239:
1230:
1219:. Retrieved
1215:
1206:
1197:
1172:. Retrieved
1168:
1141:
1127:
1118:
1109:
1098:. Retrieved
1094:the original
1084:
1075:
1066:
1054:. Retrieved
1050:the original
1021:. Retrieved
1019:. New Advent
1015:
1009:
980:
976:
972:
953:
949:
943:
938:
909:Patron saint
874:
864:
849:Serer people
846:
820:
810:
796:
760:
756:
735:
726:
711:Please help
699:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
652:
647:
643:
641:
636:
635:) or agent (
632:
616:
596:
590:
584:
582:
546:
525:
505:
495:
484:
473:
467:
463:Ten Articles
461:
459:
449:
435:
418:
393:
377:
373:
365:
354:
350:
346:canonization
335:
328:
316:
301:
282:pleads with
250:
239:
232:
226:
222:
206:
195:
180:
166:
162:
154:
150:Romans 15:30
143:
136:
103:
45:
44:
36:blessed John
2102:Hagiography
2095:Translation
1311:24 November
1169:www.oca.org
950:Confutation
812:Asut Malkia
729:August 2018
557:2 Maccabees
469:King's Book
450:Betbüchlein
438:Virgin Mary
288:gravedigger
202:Onesiphorus
85:, and some
2413:Shia Islam
2392:Categories
2346:Patristics
2326:Companions
2209:Diocletian
2182:Confessors
2167:Veneration
2075:Folk saint
2068:Traditions
1740:2023-04-27
1597:2023-04-27
1390:2023-04-27
1289:2023-04-27
1247:2023-09-09
1221:2020-02-16
1174:2023-04-27
1100:2009-09-06
1023:6 November
964:References
924:Veneration
861:Mauritania
617:Talmide ha
508:Calvinists
190:See also:
2408:Sainthood
2235:Mariology
2204:Christian
1663:27 August
822:Ṭabahatan
793:Mandaeism
700:does not
611:Judaism,
475:Ave Maria
446:Hail Mary
338:beatified
257:Onias III
91:Anglicans
87:Lutherans
54:intercede
2155:Theology
2122:Orthodox
2112:Catholic
1970:Archived
1958:Archived
1946:Archived
1934:Archived
1704:Archived
1685:Archived
1504:16 April
1454:lcms.org
1337:Archived
998:p. 165.
883:See also
767:Muhammad
753:Tawassul
629:idolatry
613:Dor Daim
605:Chareidi
601:Chasidic
586:hashkafa
569:Jeremiah
559:, where
421:Lutheran
413:Lutheran
359:—
303:Catholic
261:Jeremiah
144:"Now I (
71:Catholic
61:and the
50:doctrine
2368:Prophet
2316:Apostle
2247:process
2194:Martyrs
1911:Pangool
869:in the
866:Pangool
853:Senegal
817:Qulasta
807:Qulasta
785:toward
783:Walayah
721:removed
706:sources
646:) of a
644:tzechut
625:Litvish
573:Michael
553:Abraham
543:Judaism
311:martyrs
235:Job 5:1
114:Judaism
2321:Bishop
2228:Places
2127:Titles
2016:Saints
1862:
1837:
1812:
1785:
1634:
1593:. 1543
1573:
1553:
1474:17 May
1414:
1363:
1056:12 May
994:
987:
914:Shrine
857:Gambia
855:, the
799:uthras
775:Husayn
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