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without actual unethical perspective, due to concerns that North
American and European journals might be prejudiced against scholars from non-Western countries, high publication pressure or lack of research proficiency. Hence predatory publishing also questions the geopolitical and commercial context of scholarly knowledge production. Nigerian researchers, for example, publish in predatory journals due to the pressure to publish internationally while having little to no access to Western international journals, or due to the often higher APCs practiced by mainstream OA journals. More generally, the criteria adopted by high JIF journals, including the quality of the English language, the composition of the editorial board or the rigour of the peer review process itself tend to favour familiar content from the "centre" rather than the "periphery". It is thus important to distinguish between exploitative publishers and journals – whether OA or not – and legitimate OA initiatives with varying standards in digital publishing, but which may improve and disseminate
861:. The investigation found that "the results show that Beall is good at spotting publishers with poor quality control." However, the managing director of DOAJ, Lars Bjørnshauge, estimates that questionable publishing probably accounts for fewer than 1% of all author-pays, open-access papers, a proportion far lower than Beall's estimate of 5–10%. Instead of relying on blacklists, Bjørnshauge argues that open-access associations such as the DOAJ and the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association should adopt more responsibility for policing publishers: they should lay out a set of criteria that publishers and journals must comply with to win a place on a 'white list' indicating that they are trustworthy.
191:. On the one hand, Beall's list as well as Cabell's International database do include truly fraudulent and deceptive OA publishers, that pretend to provide services (in particular quality peer review) which they do not implement, show fictive editorial boards and/or ISSN numbers, use dubious marketing and spamming techniques or even hijacking known titles. On the other hand, they also list journals with subpar standards of peer review and linguistic correction. The number of predatory journals thus defined has grown exponentially since 2010. The demonstration of existing unethical practices in the OA publishing industry also attracted considerable media attention.
955:
review conducted by journals' editors and publishers. The portal also provides a list of questionable journals analyzed by the editors of the portal. The founders of the portal get inspiration from the commentary authored by Ch. Mahmood Anwar titled "Emergence of false realities about the concept of “Silaturrahim”: an academic social construction perspective". The commentary was published in
Tourism Critiques back in 2022. In this commentary, the author floated very important concepts of false information reporting, academic social artifacts, academic social construction, false citation chains, and other related concepts.
737:
category have captured the largest market share. As of 2022, almost one third of the 100 largest publishers (by journal count) could be deemed predatory. The regional distribution of both the publisher's country and authorship is highly skewed, with three-quarters of the authors from Asia or Africa. Authors paid an average fee of US $ 178 each for articles to be published rapidly without review, typically within two to three months of submission. As reported in 2019, some 5% of
Italian researchers have published in predatory journals, with a third of those journals engaging in fraudulent editorial practices.
332:, and the individual Srinubabu Gedela, an Indian national who is president of the companies. In the lawsuit, the defendants are accused of "deceiving academics and researchers about the nature of its publications and hiding publication fees ranging from hundreds to thousands of dollars". The FTC was also responding to pressure to take action against predatory publishers. Attorneys for the OMICS Group published a response on their website, claiming "your FTC allegations are baseless. Further we understand that FTC working towards favoring some subscription based journals publishers who are earring [
908:, which found that it had no proximate connection to public order, "arbitrarily, excessively and disproportionately invades the right of free speech", and that the description of offences is "open-ended, undefined and vague." As such, it is not possible for the OMICS Group to proceed against Beall under section 66A, but it could mount a defamation case. Finally, in August 2016, OMICS was sued for "deceptive business practices related to journal publishing and scientific conferences" by the Federal Trade Commission (a US government agency), who won an initial court ruling in November 2017.
1314:, 30 October 2017): "These publications often are called predatory journals, on the assumption that well-meaning academics are duped into working with them – tricked by flattering emails from the journals inviting them to submit a paper or fooled by a name that sounded like a journal they knew."But it's increasingly clear that many academics know exactly what they're getting into, which explains why these journals have proliferated despite wide criticism. The relationship is less predator and prey, some experts say, than a new and ugly symbiosis."
33:
749:(APC) business model, in which authors are charged to publish rather than to read. Such a model provides incentives for publishers to focus on the quantity of articles published, rather than their quality. APCs have gained increasing popularity in the last two decades as a business model for OA, due to the guaranteed revenue streams they offer, as well as a lack of competitive pricing within the OA market, which allows vendors full control over how much they choose to charge.
946:, Cabell's International, a company that offers scholarly publishing analytics and other scholarly services, announced that it intended to launch a blacklist of predatory journals (not publishers) in June, and said that access would be by subscription only. The company had started work on its blacklist criteria in early 2016. In July 2017, both a black list and a white list were offered for subscription on their website.
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editorial and publication practices, a lack of transparency, and/or the use of aggressive and indiscriminate solicitation practices.” Adequacy of peer review was not included in the definition because this factor was deemed too subjective to evaluate. Critics of this definition argued that excluding the quality of peer review from the definition "could strengthen rather than weaken" predatory journals.
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891:, which makes it illegal to use a computer to publish "any information that is grossly offensive or has menacing character" or to publish false information. The letter stated that three years in prison was a possible penalty, although a U.S. lawyer said that the threats seemed to be a "publicity stunt" that was meant to "intimidate". Section 66A has been criticised in an
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rush: the good and the bad. Yet many of the criteria used are either impossible to quantify..., or can be found to apply as often to established OA journals as to the new entrants in this area... Some of the criteria seem to make First World assumptions that aren't valid worldwide." Beall differed with these opinions and wrote a letter of rebuttal in mid-2015.
107:. Nevertheless, identifying (and even providing a quantitative definition) of predatory journals remains difficult, because it is a spectrum rather than binary phenomenon. In the same issue of a journal it is possible to find articles which meet the highest criteria for scientific integrity, and articles which have one or more unethical issues.
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that he only examines one kind of predation—the kind that naturally crops up in the context of author-pays OA." Anderson suggests that the term "predatory" be retired in the context of scholarly publishing. "It's a nice, attention-grabbing word, but I'm not sure it's helpfully descriptive... it generates more heat than light." A 2017 article in
6185:
Mabizela, Mahlubi; Manca, Andrea; Milzow, Katrin; Mouton, Johann; Muchenje, Marvelous; Olijhoek, Tom; Ommaya, Alexander; Patwardhan, Bhushan; Poff, Deborah; Proulx, Laurie; Rodger, Marc; Severin, Anna; Strinzel, Michaela; Sylos-Labini, Mauro; Tamblyn, Robyn; van
Niekerk, Marthie; Wicherts, Jelte M.; Lalu, Manoj M. (12 December 2019).
887:] against you in INDIA and USA." Beall responded that the letter was "poorly written and personally threatening" and expressed his opinion that the letter "is an attempt to detract from the enormity of OMICS's editorial practices". OMICS' lawyers stated that damages were being pursued under section 66A of India's
799:(COPE) recommends against blindly trusting any list of fake or predatory journals, especially if they do not publish the criteria by which journals are evaluated. Some lists of purported predatory publishers have been criticized for being based on the authors' personal judgement, rather than objective evidence.
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aspirant journals are science-oriented despite their below-average peer review (e.g. student-run journals), junk and fake journals are predominantly or exclusively profit-oriented. Junk and fake Open Access journals have superficial or no peer review procedures, despite their claims of being peer-reviewed.
954:
In
December 2023, a portal titled "Scholarly Criticism" was launched by a few Malaysian and US based research scholars in response to false and erroneous research published by so-called top-tier business journals. The presented criticism significantly provides evidence of little, no, or nescient peer
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Sterligov, I. A.; Savina, T. F.; Chichkova, A. O. (January 2020). "A Study of Grant
Support from Russian Scientific Foundations to Domestic Publications in Leading International Journals (based on Data from Scopus and Web of Science, the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, and the Russian Science
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To further define and distinguish predatory journals, Leonhard
Dobusch and Maximilian Heimstädt in 2019 proposed a tripartite classification of Open Access journals with below-average peer review quality. Based on their procedures, there would be 1) "aspirant" 2) "junk" and 3) "fake" journals. While
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A number of measures have been suggested to further combat predatory journals. Others have called on research institutions to improve the publication literacy notably among junior researchers in developing countries. Some organisations have also developed criteria in which predatory publishers could
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In 2016, researchers Stefan
Eriksson and Gert Helgesson identified 25 signs of predatory publishing. They warn that a journal will not necessarily be predatory if they meet one of the criteria, "but the more points on the list that apply to the journal at hand, the more sceptical you should be." The
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for "fraudster"), and applied on her behalf for an editor position to 360 scholarly journals. Szust's qualifications were dismal for the role of an editor; she had never published a single article and had no editorial experience. The books and book chapters listed on her CV were made-up, as were the
194:
A 2020 study has found hundreds of scientists say they have reviewed papers for journals termed 'predatory' — although they might not know it. An analysis of the
Publons has found that it hosts at least 6,000 records of reviews for more than 1,000 predatory journals. "The researchers who review most
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databases. This policy aims at (1) preventing the researchers from falling into the traps of predatory publishers, without having the
Foundations to issue their own lists of acceptable journals; (2) making sure that the results of their funded works are readily discovered by other people, as Web of
927:
In 2017, Ramzi Hakami reported on his own successful attempt to get an intentionally poor paper accepted by a publisher on the list and referenced a resurrected version of Beall's list. This version includes Beall's original list and updates by an anonymous purported "postdoctoral researcher in one
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Ultimately, quality control relies on good editorial policies and their enforcement, and the conflict between rigorous scholarship and profit can be successfully managed by selecting which articles are published purely based on (peer-reviewed) methodological quality. Most OA publishers ensure their
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Similarly, a study published in January 2018 found that "Scholars in the developing world felt that reputable Western journals might be prejudiced against them and sometimes felt more comfortable publishing in journals from the developing world. Other scholars were unaware of the reputation of the
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in accepting article submissions. More objective discriminating metrics have been proposed, such as a "predatory score" and positive and negative journal quality indicators. The International Academy of Nursing Editors (INANE) have encouraged authors to consult subject-area expert-reviewed journal
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threatened to sue Beall for $ 1 billion for his "ridiculous, baseless, impertinent" inclusion of them on his list, which "smacks of literal unprofessionalism and arrogance". An unedited sentence from the letter read: "Let us at the outset warn you that this is a very perilous journey for you
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by a Canadian publisher which appears on the list. He reports that he has been the subject of online harassment for his work on the subject. His list has been criticized for relying heavily on analysis of publishers' web sites, not engaging directly with publishers, and including newly founded but
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One-third of the journals to which Szust applied were sampled from Beall's List of predatory journals. Forty of these predatory journals accepted Szust as editor without any background vetting and often within days or even hours. By comparison, she received minimal to no positive response from the
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In 2015, Rick Anderson, associate dean in the J. Willard Marriott Library, University of Utah, challenged the term itself: "what do we mean when we say 'predatory,' and is that term even still useful?... This question has become relevant because of that common refrain heard among Beall's critics:
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used 26 criteria related to poor journal standards and practices, 9 related to journal editors and staff members, 7 related to ethics and integrity, 6 related to the publisher's business practices, and 6 'other' general criteria related to publishers. He also listed 26 additional practices, which
1012:, the largest agency that funds fundamental research in Poland, stated that if articles financed by NCN funds were published in journals not satisfying standards for peer review, then the grant numbers would have to be removed from the publications and funds would have to be returned to the NCN.
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Beall's analyses have been called sweeping generalizations with no supporting evidence, and he has also been criticized for being biased against open-access journals from less economically developed countries. One librarian wrote that Beall's list "attempts a binary division of this complex gold
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are said to be especially at risk of being misled by predatory publishers. A 2022 report found, that "nearly a quarter of the respondents from 112 countries, and across all disciplines and career stages, indicated that they had either published in a predatory journal, participated in a predatory
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Grudniewicz, Agnes; Moher, David; Cobey, Kelly D.; Bryson, Gregory L.; Cukier, Samantha; Allen, Kristiann; Ardern, Clare; Balcom, Lesley; Barros, Tiago; Berger, Monica; Ciro, Jairo Buitrago; Cugusi, Lucia; Donaldson, Michael R.; Egger, Matthias; Graham, Ian D.; Hodgkinson, Matt; Khan, Karim M.;
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The majority of predatory OA publishers appear to be based in Asia and Africa, but in one study over half of authors publishing in them were found to be from "higher-income or upper-middle-income countries". It has been argued that authors who publish in predatory journals may do so unwittingly
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Predatory journals have rapidly increased their publication volumes from 53,000 in 2010 to an estimated 420,000 articles in 2014, published by around 8,000 active journals. Early on, publishers with more than 100 journals dominated the market, but since 2012 publishers in the 10–99 journal size
911:
Beall's list was used as an authoritative source by South Africa's Department of Higher Education and Training in maintaining its list of accredited journals: articles published in those journals will determine funding levels for their authors; however, journals identified as predatory will be
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In April 2019, 43 participants from 10 countries met in Ottawa, Canada to formulate a consensus definition: “Predatory journals and publishers are entities that prioritize self-interest at the expense of scholarship and are characterized by false or misleading information, deviation from best
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reported that Beall's list and web site were "widely read by librarians, researchers, and open-access advocates, many of whom applaud his efforts to reveal shady publishing practices." Others have raised the objection that "(w)hether it's fair to classify all these journals and publishers as
1091:, and the World Association of Medical Editors. Various journal review websites (crowd-sourced or expert-run) have been started, some focusing on the quality of the peer review process and extending to non-OA publications. A group of libraries and publishers launched an awareness campaign.
923:
In January 2017, Beall shut down his blog and removed all its content, citing pressure from his employer. Beall's supervisor wrote a response stating that he did not pressure Beall to discontinue his work, or threaten his employment; and had tried hard to support Beall's academic freedom.
835:, who coined the term "predatory publishing", first published his list of predatory publishers in 2010. Beall's list of potential, possible, or probable predatory scholarly open-access publishers attempted to identify scholarly open access publishers with questionable practices. In 2013,
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Emails from the journal editor are written in poor language, include exaggerated flattering (everyone is a leading profile in the field), and make contradictory claims (such as "You have to respond within 48 h" while later on saying "You may submit your manuscript whenever you find
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legitimate journals. Beall has responded to these complaints by posting the criteria he uses to generate the list, as well as instituting an anonymous three-person review body to which publishers can appeal to be removed from the list. For example, a 2010 re-evaluation resulted in
55:
business model, where the journal or publisher prioritizes self-interest at the expense of scholarship. It is characterized by misleading information, deviates from the standard peer review process, is highly non-transparent, and often utilizes aggressive solicitation practices.
139:. In July 2008, Richard Poynder's interview series brought attention to the practices of new publishers who were "better able to exploit the opportunities of the new environment." Doubts about honesty and scams in a subset of open-access journals continued to be raised in 2009.
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their potential authors by "giving false or misleading information about their publishing charges, the services they provide (like indexing, peer-review, or having an impact factor), where the publisher is based, or the identity of the owner, editor or members of the editorial
1080:, has been advocated to combat predatory journals. Others have argued instead that the discussion on predatory journals should not be turned "into a debate over the shortcomings of peer review—it is nothing of the sort. It is about fraud, deception, and irresponsibility..."
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to launch a blacklist called Chinese Early Warning Journal List (EWJL). EWJL classifies journals into three grades: low, medium or high risk, rather than two (predatory or not) like most other lists. Nevertheless, there is an ongoing criticism of this list as well.
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1145:' was another factor influencing many scholars' decisions to publish in these fast-turnaround journals. In some cases, researchers did not have adequate guidance and felt they lacked the knowledge of research to submit to a more reputable journal."
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and complying with a standardised set of conditions. A 2018 study has shown that Beall's criteria of "predatory" publishing were in no way limited to OA publishers and that, applying them to both OA and non-OA journals in the field of
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conference, or did not know if they had. The majority of those who did so unknowingly cited a lack of awareness of predatory practices; whereas the majority of those who did so knowingly cited the need to advance their careers."
73:
Predatory publishers are so regarded because scholars are tricked into publishing with them, although some authors may be aware that the journal is poor quality or even fraudulent but publish in them anyway. New scholars from
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around 2012, when he described "publishers that are ready to publish any article for payment". However, criticisms about the label "predatory" have been raised. A lengthy review of the controversy started by Beall appears in
180:) which was accepted for a fee (but withdrawn by the author). Predatory publishers have been reported to hold submissions hostage, refusing to allow them to be withdrawn and thereby preventing submission in another journal.
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Moreover, Beall points out, many researchers and universities will instead judge a journal's quality by whether it is indexed in major citation databases, such as Elsevier's Scopus index, rather than looking at the DOAJ's
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journals, which are characterised by poor cumulative criteria (such as disregarding negative reviews of manuscripts and publishing articles outside the declared journal's scope), without an apparent deceitful intent (see
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The scope is too broad or inconsistent, e.g., it covers both biomedical and non-biomedical topics, irrespective of the title of the journal. They publish special issues on topics that are clearly outside the scope of the
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journals in which they published and would not have selected them had they known. However, some scholars said they would still have published in the same journals if their institution recognised them. The pressure to '
5138:
Teixeira da Silva JA, Nazarovets S, Daly T, Kendall G. The Chinese Early Warning Journal List: Strengths, weaknesses and solutions in the light of China's global scientific rise. J Acad Librariansh. 2024;50(4) doi:
1961:
Eysenbach, Gunther. Black sheep among Open Access Journals and Publishers. Gunther Eysenbach Random Research Rants Blog. Originally posted 2008-03-08, updated (postscript added) 2008-04-21, 2008-04-23, 3 June 2008.
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implemented somewhat similar criteria, although they do not specify any quantitative metrics. Also, Web of Science (unlike Scopus) checks for excessive citations of the works authored by the journal board members.
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suggests that a significant number of academics are "eager" to publish their work in these journals, making the relationship more a "new and ugly symbiosis" than a case of scholars being exploited by "predators".
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1171:, with a series of recommendations. This study emphasized, that predatory publishing practices is not a binary (good or bad) phenomenon, but rather a spectrum. They proposed the following classification:
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has warned that predatory publishing, fabricated data, and academic plagiarism erodes public confidence in the medical profession, devalues legitimate science, and undermines public support for
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who created a list of "deceptive and fraudulent" Open Access (OA) publishers which was used as reference until withdrawn in 2017. The term has been reused since for a new for-profit database by
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against OMICS practices. It is unlikely that the FTC will ever collect the award, since the rulings of US courts are not enforceable in India, and since OMICS does not have property in the US.
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One of the Associate Editors of Frontiers remarked 'Frontiers being added to Beall's list reveals the big weakness of Beall's list: It's not based on solid data but on Beall's intuition.'
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Omobowale, Ayokunle Olumuyiwa; Akanle, Olayinka; Adeniran, Adebusuyi Isaac; Adegboyega, Kamorudeen (2014). "Peripheral Scholarship and the Context of Foreign Paid Publishing in Nigeria".
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In an effort to "set apart legitimate journals and publishers from non-legitimate ones", principles of transparency and best practice have been identified and issued collectively by the
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The journal sends you an unsolicited invitation to submit an article for publication, while making it blatantly clear that the editor has absolutely no idea about your field of expertise
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among open access publishers and journals" and highlighted in his blog publishers and journals which resorted to excessive spam to attract authors and editors, criticizing in particular
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Since Beall's list closed, other list groups have started. These include Kscien's list, which used Beall's list as a starting point, updating it to add and remove publishers.
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344:] scientists literature", suggesting that corporations in the scientific publishing business were behind the allegations. In March 2019, the FTC won the suit in a
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The published papers are of poor quality because they have never been peer-reviewed or edited. In most of the cases, they publish a large number of papers per issue.
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Xia, Jingfeng; Harmon, Jennifer L.; Connolly, Kevin G.; Donnelly, Ryan M.; Anderson, Mary R.; Howard, Heather A. (2014). "Who publishes in "predatory" journals?".
901:, and would not have been able to fall back on truth as a final defense; under section 66A, the truth of any information is irrelevant if it is grossly offensive.
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The journal charges a submission or handling fee, instead of a publication fee (which means that you have to pay even if the paper is not accepted for publication)
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Oermann, Marilyn H.; Conklin, Jamie L.; Nicoll, Leslie H.; Chinn, Peggy L.; Ashton, Kathleen S.; Edie, Alison H.; Amarasekara, Sathya; Budinger, Susan C. (2016).
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automatically flags a journal that is an outlier in two consecutive years according to any of three criteria comparing it with peer journals in its subject field
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and for popular science publications, tested the open access system by submitting to a number of such journals a deeply flawed paper on the purported effect of a
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Recognizing common characteristics of predatory publishers can help to avoid them. Complaints that are associated with predatory open-access publishing include:
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listings, such as the Directory of Nursing Journals, vetted by their organisation, and to make use of Jeffrey Beall's open access list of predatory journals.
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1235:
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147:
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5151:"Discriminating Between Legitimate and Predatory Open Access Journals: Report from the International Federation for Emergency Medicine Research Committee"
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They state false or misleading information about their indexing service(s) and/or are indexed in irrelevant agencies or not indexed in relevant databases.
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272:(DOAJ), 8 of 120 accepted Szust. The DOAJ has since removed some of the affected journals in a 2016 purge. None of the 120 sampled journals listed in
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editorial for its potential for misuse in "stifling political dissent, crushing speech and ... enabling bullying". Beall could have been sued for
762:, even top tier non-OA journals could be qualified as predatory; see also on difficulties of demarcating predatory and non-predatory journals in
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There are fundamental errors in the titles and abstracts, or frequent and repeated typographical or factual errors throughout the published papers
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Perlin, Marcelo S.; Imasato, Takeyoshi; Borenstein, Denis (2018). "Is Predatory Publishing a Real Threat? Evidence from a Large Database Study".
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According to one study, 60% of articles published in predatory journals receive no citations over the five-year period following publication.
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They state false or misleading information about the costs involved in publishing with them or authors are surprised to discover hidden fees.
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The publisher of the journal has released an overwhelmingly large suite of new journals at one occasion or during a very short period of time
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Oermann, Marilyn H.; Nicoll, Leslie H.; Chinn, Peggy L.; et al. (2018). "Quality of Articles Published in Predatory Nursing Journals".
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268:"control" journals which "must meet certain standards of quality, including ethical publishing practices." Among journals sampled from the
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The website is either not up-to-date or lacks important information about submission requirements and manuscript processing and reviewing.
3979:"Why do researchers decide to publish in questionable journals? A review of the literature: Why authors publish in questionable journals"
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for these titles tend to be young, inexperienced and affiliated with institutions in low-income nations in Africa and the Middle East."
5289:
3758:"Format Aside: Applying Beall's Criteria to Assess the Predatory Nature of Both OA and Non-OA Library and Information Science Journals"
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6503:. "Leading scholars and publishers from ten countries have agreed a definition of predatory publishing that can protect scholarship."
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Listing academics as members of editorial boards without their permission, and not allowing academics to resign from editorial boards.
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Actors seeking to maintain the scholarly ecosystem have sought to minimize the influence of predatory publishing through the use of
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services from 2022 onwards, the Web of Science and Scopus listings are no longer considered as essential by the Russian agencies.
539:" while being located on another continent) or includes "International" in its title while having a single-country editorial board
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They do not usually mention the contact details. There is also false or misleading information about the location of the journal.
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They have no information about the strategy for handling misconduct (such as plagiarism, salami slicing, or a retraction policy).
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Lists of acceptable sources, on the other hand, have been criticized as not being relevant to how academics evaluate journals.
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Predatory publishing does not refer to a homogeneous category of practices. The name itself was coined by American librarian
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The papers of the journal are of poor research quality, and may not be academic at all (for instance allowing for obvious
1539:"How is open access accused of being predatory? The impact of Beall's lists of predatory journals on academic publishing"
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They invite researchers to submit manuscripts with expertise in fields that are clearly outside the scope of the journal.
600:(hinting that the journal's peer review process is minimal or non-existent)—or boasts an equally unrealistic track-record
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2213:"'Blacklists" and 'Whitelists" to Tackle Predatory Publishing : A Cross-Sectional Comparison and Thematic Analysis"
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The publisher is not a member of any recognized professional organisation committed to best publishing practices (like
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and you will be completely exposing yourself to serious legal implications including criminal cases lunched [
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Nwagwu, W.E. (2016). "Open Access in the Developing Regions: Situating the Altercations About Predatory Publishing".
5364:[Russia has introduced a moratorium on indicators based on publications of scientists in foreign journals].
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is an example of a free whitelist. Other lists of pre-approved journals are available from large research funders.
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3791:"Potential Predatory and Legitimate Biomedical Journals: Can You Tell the Difference? A Cross-Sectional Comparison"
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Polka, Jessica K.; Kiley, Robert; Konforti, Boyana; Stern, Bodo; Vale, Ronald D. (2018). "Publish Peer Reviews".
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Science and Scopus are subscribed to by most reputable institutions. However, in parallel with the withdrawal of
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3496:"Supporting integrity of the scholarly record: Our commitment to curation and selectivity in the Web of Science"
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The types of submission/publication fees and what they amount to are not clearly stated on the journal's website
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4984:"Emergence of false realities about the concept of "Silaturrahim": an academic social construction perspective"
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2769:"Court orders publisher OMICS to pay U.S. gov't $ 50 million in suit alleging "unfair and deceptive practices""
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6479:
1152:
in India removed 4,305 dubious journals from a list of publications used for evaluating academic performance.
977:
658:
or similar metrics. Most of these journals claim to have an impact factor, despite being too new to have one.
6920:
6615:
5968:
4900:
4775:
2834:
Leonard, Michelle; Stapleton, Suzanne; Collins, Perry; Selfe, Terry Kit; Cataldo, Tara (23 September 2021).
550:
36:"Think. Check. Submit." poster by an international initiative to help researchers avoid predatory publishing
5015:
3354:
6945:
6880:
6870:
6860:
6850:
6845:
6712:
6553:
4053:"'Predatory' Open Access Journals as Parody: Exposing the Limitations of 'Legitimate' Academic Publishing"
2797:"On the limitations of recent lawsuits against Sci-Hub, OMICS, ResearchGate, and Georgia State University"
1946:
996:
Multiple science funders have taken special measures against predatory publishing, especially in terms of
905:
877:
489:
464:
were 'reflective of poor journal standards' which were not necessarily indicative of predatory behaviour.
431:
4605:
2115:
6940:
6925:
6915:
6910:
6875:
6865:
6855:
6740:
6085:
5270:
1123:
597:
529:
The journal website does not reveal the journal's editorial office location or uses an incorrect address
2746:
2670:
2533:
96:
7004:
6935:
6895:
6885:
6336:
6265:
6198:
5864:
5561:
5425:
4521:
4254:
3933:
3615:"A walk on the wild side: 'Predatory' journals and information asymmetries in scientific evaluations"
3042:
2847:
2462:
1760:
1442:
1395:
1281:
1276:
1111:
615:
303:
299:
234:
75:
1986:
676:
The manuscripts are submitted through the email of the journal or directly on the journal's website.
607:
agreements clearly or demands the copyright of the paper while claiming to be an open access journal
6707:
6574:
5393:
4580:
2068:
1991:
1271:
611:
152:
52:
2168:
Djuric, Dragan (2015). "Penetrating the Omerta of Predatory Publishing: The Romanian Connection".
1368:
853:
investigation, the DOAJ has tightened up its inclusion criteria, with the purpose of serving as a
7045:
6686:
6610:
6441:
6291:
6234:
6163:
5773:
5718:
5587:
5449:
5343:
5095:
4877:
4547:
4368:
4166:
4033:
3998:
3959:
3637:
3595:
3150:
3068:
2921:
2897:
2816:
2488:
2428:
2345:
2193:
2046:
1835:
1815:
1784:
1717:
1671:
1560:
1468:
1286:
1132:
557:
400:
167:
160:'s journals duplicated papers already published elsewhere; the case was subsequently reported in
136:
132:
4589:
4111:
787:
Lists of journals or publishers deemed either acceptable or unacceptable have been published.
6590:
6429:
6419:
6341:
6283:
6226:
6120:
6012:
5987:
5941:
5710:
5579:
5500:
5441:
5229:
5180:
4820:
4637:
4585:
4539:
4360:
4321:
4278:
4270:
4223:
4158:
3951:
3902:
3865:
3822:
3525:
3463:
3414:
3246:
3060:
3000:
2875:
2480:
2420:
2385:
2300:
2242:
2185:
2038:
1776:
1751:
1624:
1519:
1460:
1411:
1176:
1142:
1103:
985:
345:
329:
226:
209:
172:
116:
32:
4840:"Open access, power, and privilege: A response to 'What I learned from predatory publishing'"
2269:"'Predatory' open access: a longitudinal study of article volumes and market characteristics"
17:
6745:
6605:
6500:
6395:
6273:
6252:
Dobusch, Leonhard; Heimstädt, Maximilian; Mayer, Katja; Ross-Hellauer, Tony (2 April 2020).
6216:
6206:
6153:
6073:
5977:
5931:
5899:
5831:
5763:
5702:
5618:
5569:
5490:
5482:
5433:
5335:
5260:
5219:
5211:
5170:
5162:
5085:
4995:
4851:
4810:
4802:
4529:
4488:
4434:
4401:
4352:
4262:
4213:
4203:
4150:
4064:
4025:
3990:
3941:
3894:
3855:
3812:
3802:
3769:
3718:
3668:
3629:
3585:
3517:
3453:
3445:
3404:
3396:
3236:
3228:
3050:
2990:
2982:
2931:
2926:
2865:
2855:
2808:
2773:
2643:
2470:
2412:
2377:
2335:
2327:
2290:
2280:
2232:
2224:
2177:
2150:
2120:
2093:
2028:
1825:
1768:
1707:
1661:
1653:
1616:
1550:
1509:
1499:
1450:
1403:
1256:
1099:
1073:
302:, has generated papers that have been accepted by a number of predatory journals as well as
283:
162:
5822:
Beall, Jeffrey (1 April 2013). "Unethical Practices in Scholarly, Open-Access Publishing".
3193:
2145:
Silver, Andrew (31 May 2017). "Pay-to-view blacklist of predatory journals set to launch".
1853:
535:
The journal title claims a national affiliation that does not match its location (such as "
389:
Making misleading claims about the publishing operation, such as providing false locations.
6999:
6966:
4964:
4575:
3885:
1969:
1911:
1588:
997:
574:
523:
260:
2381:
964:
815:
788:
91:
6469:
6311:"World academies call for concerted action to combat predatory journals and conferences"
6269:
6202:
5565:
5429:
4525:
4258:
3937:
3574:"Who are the 100 largest scientific publishers by journal count? A webscraping approach"
3509:
3046:
2851:
2507:
2466:
1904:
1764:
1446:
1399:
1338:
7009:
6994:
6702:
5495:
5468:
5224:
5199:
5175:
5150:
4815:
4790:
4634:"High Noon – A Publisher Threatens to "Lunch" a Criminal Case Against Librarian Critic"
4218:
4191:
4138:
3817:
3790:
3458:
3433:
3409:
3384:
3241:
3216:
2995:
2970:
2870:
2835:
2724:. No. FTC MATTER/FILE NUMBER: 152 3113. FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION. 15 October 2019.
2295:
2268:
2237:
2212:
1514:
1487:
1029:
713:
655:
510:
497:
377:
Aggressively campaigning for academics to submit articles or serve on editorial boards.
364:
Accepting articles quickly with little or no peer review or quality control, including
230:
3290:
253:
In 2015, four researchers created a fictitious sub-par scientist named Anna O. Szust (
7034:
6756:
6496:
6295:
6238:
6167:
5959:
5362:"В России введен мораторий на показатели по публикациям ученых в зарубежных журналах"
5347:
5099:
4564:
4372:
4170:
4037:
3599:
2820:
2432:
2404:
2050:
1839:
1788:
1564:
1383:
1119:
865:
832:
577:
of the journal is editor in chief also for other journals with widely different focus
546:
460:
404:
204:
184:
60:
5888:"Addressing Faculty Publishing Concerns with Open Access Journal Quality Indicators"
5777:
5722:
5453:
4002:
3641:
2197:
1721:
1675:
1028:
require their grant recipients to publish only in the journals included into either
298:, a computer program that randomly generates academic computer science papers using
146:
practices from these journals prompted leading open access publishers to create the
7014:
6984:
5591:
4551:
4192:"Checklists to detect potential predatory biomedical journals: a systematic review"
4093:
3963:
3072:
2955:
2741:
2618:
2492:
2349:
1749:
Brainard J (2020). "Articles in 'predatory' journals receive few or no citations".
1266:
1261:
1246:
1241:
1106:
variant), one researcher has argued for platinum open access, where the absence of
442:
415:
5265:
5248:
3898:
3705:
Vanholsbeeck, Marc; Thacker, Paul; Sattler, Susanne; et al. (11 March 2019).
3336:"Vanity and predatory academic publishers are corrupting the pursuit of knowledge"
1472:
916:
is reviewing all journals on Beall's list, and has started removing them from the
6384:
Jeffrey Beall is back after he went silent and website disappeared around January
6065:
5982:
5963:
5274:
5166:
3633:
2860:
1736:"Combatting Predatory Academic Journals and Conferences (Full Report in English)"
1555:
1538:
6542:
4695:
3920:
Moher, David; Shamseer, Larissa; Cobey, Kelly D.; et al. (September 2017).
3723:
3706:
2019:
1830:
1803:
1605:
Kearney, Margaret H. (2015). "Predatory Publishing: What Authors Need to Know".
1230:
893:
840:'predatory' is an open question—several shades of gray may be distinguishable."
763:
667:
They are not monitored by or member of a regional or international organization.
503:
The publisher claims to be a "leading publisher" even though it just got started
124:
120:
6278:
6253:
6211:
6186:
5437:
5389:"Is this peer reviewed? Predatory journals and the transparency of peer review"
5090:
5074:"Kscien's list; a new strategy to discourage predatory journals and publishers"
5073:
4406:
4387:
4208:
4154:
4069:
4052:
2416:
2090:"U.S. government agency sues publisher, charging it with deceiving researchers"
1407:
6433:
5339:
4190:
Cukier, Samantha; Helal, Lucas; Rice, Danielle B.; et al. (18 May 2020).
3807:
3400:
3217:"New corruption detected: Bogus impact factors compiled by fake organizations"
2331:
2285:
2181:
2154:
1334:
1251:
898:
419:
349:
176:
blog) submitted a manuscript consisting of computer-generated nonsense (using
6158:
5486:
5072:
Kakamad, Fahmi H.; Mohammed, Shvan H.; Najar, Kayhan A.; et al. (2020).
5000:
4983:
4568:
4274:
4162:
4029:
3449:
2986:
2069:"Open-Access Publisher Appears to Have Accepted Fake Paper From Bogus Center"
1488:"Open access versus subscription journals: A comparison of scientific impact"
928:
of the uropean universities a hands-on experience with predatory journals."
692:
implemented policies to identify and combat predatory journals. For example,
631:
A Pakistani scholar proposed the following criteria of predatory publishing:
6989:
6625:
4723:
3756:
Olivarez, Joseph; Bales, Stephen; Sare, Laura; Vanduinkerken, Wyoma (2018).
3590:
3573:
1772:
1504:
1216:
Some journals can be simultaneously classified into two or more categories.
1038:
858:
854:
771:
721:
707:
619:
604:
100:
86:
6400:
6287:
6230:
6077:
5991:
5945:
5904:
5887:
5714:
5583:
5504:
5445:
5233:
5184:
4856:
4839:
4824:
4543:
4493:
4476:
4439:
4422:
4364:
4282:
4227:
3955:
3906:
3869:
3826:
3689:"Developing an Effective Market for Open Access Article Processing Charges"
3521:
3467:
3418:
3250:
3064:
3004:
2879:
2484:
2424:
2389:
2304:
2246:
2211:
Strinzel, Michaela; Severin, Anna; Milzow, Katrin; Egger, Matthias (2019).
2189:
2042:
1925:
1780:
1628:
1523:
1464:
1415:
820:
639:
They accept all submitted papers and pretend to have a peer review process.
506:
The journal and the publisher are unfamiliar to you and all your colleagues
6142:"Predatory publishing in management research: A call for open peer review"
5752:"Predatory publishing is just one of the consequences of gold open access"
5607:"Quality Open Access Market and Other Initiatives: A Comparative Analysis"
5215:
4242:
3232:
3166:
2935:
2228:
549:
in spite of the fact that the journal is new (which means that the impact
59:
The phenomenon of "open access predatory publishers" was first noticed by
6779:
6620:
5691:
Clark, J.; Smith, R. (2015). "Firm action needed on predatory journals".
4806:
4356:
3547:"Study finds huge increase in articles published by 'predatory' journals"
3291:"Predatory publishing: Favoritism and self-promotion pollute peer review"
2700:"Federal Trade Commission begins to crack down on 'predatory' publishers"
2590:
1042:
913:
238:
222:
143:
6221:
5835:
5800:
4747:"US court issues injunction against OMICS to stop 'deceptive practices'"
3774:
3757:
2340:
1802:
Björk, Bo-Christer; Kanto-Karvonen, Sari; Harviainen, J. Tuomas (2020).
374:
Accepting papers which are outside of the declared scope of the journal.
6824:
6595:
5936:
5919:
5693:
5200:"Ranking Predatory Journals: Solve the Problem Instead of Removing It!"
4392:
2508:"Dozens of Scientific Journals Offered Her a Job. But She Didn't Exist"
542:
The journal mimics another journal title or the website of said journal
493:
325:
5520:"Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing"
4097:
3994:
3860:
3841:
3613:
Bagues, Manuel; Sylos-Labini, Mauro; Zinovyeva, Natalia (March 2019).
2812:
1712:
1695:
1657:
1620:
642:
They are not affiliated with any reputable organization or university.
6799:
5768:
5751:
5706:
5623:
5606:
5249:"The extent of South African authored articles in predatory journals"
3789:
Shamseer, Larissa; Moher, David; Maduekwe, Onyi; et al. (2017).
3673:
3656:
1804:"How Frequently are Articles in Predatory Open Access Journals Cited"
1666:
1033:
693:
661:
They state false or misleading information about its editorial board.
295:
214:
177:
6415:
Combatting predatory academic journals and conferences : report
6141:
5574:
5549:
4534:
4509:
4266:
3946:
3921:
3055:
3030:
2898:"'Predatory' Online Journals Lure Scholars Who Are Eager to Publish"
2796:
2534:"A Scholarly Sting Operation Shines a Light on 'Predatory' Journals"
2475:
2450:
2033:
2014:
1455:
1430:
567:
The journal website posts non-related or non-academic advertisements
1820:
371:
Notifying academics of article fees only after papers are accepted.
5113:
3385:"The false academy: predatory publishing in science and bioethics"
2951:"Journal accepts bogus paper requesting removal from mailing list"
2737:"FTC hits predatory scientific publisher with a $ 50 million fine"
2560:""Paging Dr. Fraud": The Fake Publishers That Are Ruining Science"
2405:"Hundreds of scientists have peer-reviewed for predatory journals"
1189:
1052:
819:
596:
The journal gives unrealistic promises regarding the speed of the
386:
Mimicking the name or web site style of more established journals.
321:
31:
4904:
3317:"Predatory Publishing: The Dark Side of the Open-Access Movement"
2722:"Enforcement » Cases and Proceedings » OMICS Group Inc"
2368:
Bohannon, John (4 October 2013). "Who's afraid of peer review?".
1645:
Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology
904:
In an unrelated case in 2015, Section 66A was struck down by the
728:) do not have a publicly disclosed policy on predatory journals.
580:
The journal includes articles (very far) outside its stated scope
6368:"Critic of 'predatory' publishing returns with scathing article"
5736:
4423:"Beyond Beall's List: Better understanding predatory publishers"
3738:
2644:"FTC sues OMICS group: Are predatory publishers' days numbered?"
2614:"Predatory publishers: the journals that churn out fake science"
2586:"How three MIT students fooled the world of scientific journals"
1209:
423:
6515:
6490:
4949:
2671:"COMPLAINT FOR PERMANENT INJUNCTION AND OTHER EQUITABLE RELIEF"
1098:
As Beall has ascribed predatory publishing to a consequence of
237:), and several universities, accepted the faked medical paper.
6511:
4663:
883:
745:
The root cause of exploitative practices is the author-facing
340:
334:
5149:
Hansoti, Bhakti; Langdorf, Mark I.; Murphy, Linda S. (2016).
4873:"Predatory Journals: Write, Submit, and Publish the Next Day"
4341:
Haug, C. (2013). "The Downside of Open-Access Publishing".
3355:"Criteria for Determining Predatory Open-Access Publishers"
1582:"Many Academics Are Eager to Publish in Worthless Journals"
1008:
On 18 September 2018, Zbigniew Błocki, the director of the
556:
The journal claims an unrealistically high impact based on
217:
constituent, and published the results in a paper called, "
6140:
Dobusch, Leonhard; Heimstädt, Maximilian (November 2019).
5640:"Avoiding fake journals and judging the work in real ones"
2836:"Ten simple rules for avoiding predatory publishing scams"
6066:"India's UGC-approved list teeming with dubious journals"
4569:
Journals, 'Journals' and Wannabes: Investigating The List
988:
of 93 lists, only three were assessed as evidence-based.
4660:"Publisher Threatens Librarian With $ 1 Billion Lawsuit"
3265:"Don't get fooled of Journal's "Indexed in" information"
2116:"The FTC is Cracking Down on Predatory Science Journals"
6254:"Defining predatory journals: no peer review, no point"
6039:"India culls 4,305 dubious journals from approved list"
5851:"How to better achieve integrity in science publishing"
3146:"For Scientists, an Exploding World of Pseudo-Academia"
3095:"On Predatory Publishers: a Q&A With Jeffrey Beall"
1869:"Black sheep among Open Access Journals and Publishers"
6106:"List of ICI Journal Titles Found to be not qualified"
3434:"Revisiting the Term Predatory Open Access Publishing"
2971:"Revisiting the Term Predatory Open Access Publishing"
1169:
Combatting Predatory Academic Journals and Conferences
526:
or gives insufficient detail on names and affiliations
221:". About 60% of those journals, including journals of
6820:
Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition
6309:
Partnership (IAP), the InterAcademy (11 March 2022).
4388:"Reactionary Rhetoric Against Open Access Publishing"
3482:"Scopus content policy and selection | Elsevier"
3031:"Investigating journals: The dark side of publishing"
610:
The journal displays no strategies for how to handle
27:
Fraudulent business model for scientific publications
6390:
Discussion document: Predatory Publishing (Report).
5892:
Journal of Librarianship and Scholarly Communication
4931:"Cabell's New Predatory Journal Blacklist: A Review"
4606:"Publisher Threatens to Sue Blogger for $ 1-Billion"
3383:
Eriksson, Stefan; Helgesson, Gert (7 October 2016).
348:
and was awarded $ 50,130,811 in damages and a broad
6954:
6833:
6731:
6695:
6644:
6567:
6007:"Should We Retire the Term 'Predatory Publishing'?"
4965:"List of Journals Publishing Questionable Research"
4901:"Beall's List of Predatory Journals and Publishers"
4086:
Canadian Journal of Information and Library Science
5469:"Science for sale: the rise of predatory journals"
4455:
4137:Kendall, Graham; Linacre, Simon (September 2022).
1181:journals, which mimic existing reputable journals;
287:in March 2017, and widely presented in the press.
6090:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
5247:Mouton, Johann; Valentine, Astrid (August 2017).
5016:"The precarious prevalence of predatory journals"
4139:"Predatory Journals: Revisiting Beall's Research"
3842:"Study of Predatory Open Access Nursing Journals"
2444:
2442:
1537:Krawczyk, Franciszek; Kulczycki, Emanuel (2021).
1431:"Predatory publishers are corrupting open access"
918:International Bibliography of the Social Sciences
795:is an example of a paid blacklist database. The
150:in 2008. In another early precedent, in 2009 the
6179:
6177:
5964:"The Problem of Publication-Pollution Denialism"
4924:
4922:
4326:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
3657:"Co-Operating for Gold Open Access without APCs"
2363:
2361:
2359:
2267:Shen, Cenyu; Björk, Bo-Christer (October 2015).
2062:
2060:
1972:. Retrieved 2008-06-03. (Archived by WebCite at
1888:"The Open Access Interviews: Dove Medical Press"
441:Predatory publishers have also been compared to
281:The results of the experiment were published in
6187:"Predatory journals: no definition, no defence"
5793:"(Gold) Open Access: the two sides of the coin"
5328:Scientific and Technical Information Processing
3572:Nishikawa-Pacher, Andreas (21 September 2022).
2638:
2636:
1950:, Volume 11, Number 1, July 2009, pp. 29–32(4)
1696:"Why do authors publish in predatory journals?"
1384:"Predatory journals: no definition, no defence"
488:The journal is not indexed in well-established
6115:. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019.
5886:Beaubien, Sarah; Eckard, Max (10 April 2014).
5667:"Awareness Campaign on 'Predatory' Publishing"
4684:
4682:
4680:
4421:Berger, Monica; Cirasella, Jill (March 2015).
3922:"Stop this waste of people, animals and money"
383:Appointing fake academics to editorial boards.
311:Federal Trade Commission vs. OMICS Group, Inc.
6527:
6497:Predatory journals: No definition, No defence
5290:"(Letter from Prof. dr hab. Zbigniew Błocki)"
2612:Hern, Alex; Duncan, Pamela (10 August 2018).
1382:Grudniewicz; et al. (11 December 2019).
532:The publishing schedule is not clearly stated
437:Favoritism and self-promotion in peer review.
8:
6775:Open Access Scholarly Publishing Association
6507:AMWA – EMWA – ISMPP Joint Position statement
5198:Dadkhah, Mehdi; Bianciardi, Giorgio (2016).
4457:"Predatory Publishers | Peer to Peer Review"
4308:. Archived from the original on 6 March 2015
3707:"Ten Hot Topics around Scholarly Publishing"
2891:
2889:
2140:
2138:
1236:Conflicts of interest in academic publishing
1089:Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association
414:" by academic social networking sites (like
264:publishing houses that published the books.
254:
148:Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association
1576:
1574:
1486:Björk, Bo-Christer; Solomon, David (2012).
974:Ministry of Science and Technology of China
753:quality by registering their titles in the
430:) as if they were prestigious or reputable
170:graduate student Phil Davis (editor of the
123:journal, drew attention to what he called "
6534:
6520:
6512:
6446:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4791:"What I learned from predatory publishers"
4689:Venkataramakrishnan, Rohan (19 May 2013).
4599:
4597:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3082:
1689:
1687:
1685:
6399:
6277:
6220:
6210:
6157:
5981:
5935:
5924:Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health
5903:
5767:
5638:Benderly, Beryl Lieff (13 October 2015).
5622:
5573:
5494:
5264:
5223:
5174:
5155:The Western Journal of Emergency Medicine
5089:
4999:
4963:Criticism, Scholarly (26 December 2023).
4948:Criticism, Scholarly (26 December 2023).
4855:
4814:
4719:"SC strikes down 'draconian' Section 66A"
4533:
4492:
4438:
4405:
4217:
4207:
4068:
3945:
3859:
3816:
3806:
3773:
3722:
3672:
3589:
3510:"Common Misconceptions about Open Access"
3457:
3408:
3240:
3139:
3137:
3054:
3024:
3022:
3020:
3018:
3016:
3014:
2994:
2869:
2859:
2474:
2339:
2294:
2284:
2236:
2032:
1926:"Ten challenges for open-access journals"
1829:
1819:
1711:
1665:
1554:
1513:
1503:
1454:
654:They falsify the information about their
5518:COPE/DOAJ/OASPA/WAME (10 January 2014).
5474:Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
3514:The ACS Guide to Scholarly Communication
2451:"Predatory journals recruit fake editor"
2013:Sanderson, Katharine (13 January 2010).
791:was an example of a free blacklist, and
522:The journal website does not present an
338:] Billions of dollars rom [
3167:""Junk Journals" und die "Peter-Panne""
1944:Beall, Jeffrey (2009), "Bentham Open",
1326:
1303:
700:Substantially higher self-citation rate
622:of articles when no longer in operation
564:, which is far beyond the top notation)
519:The journal website is not professional
6439:
6118:
6083:
5799:. University of Oxford. Archived from
5288:Błocki, Zbigniew (18 September 2018).
4766:
4764:
4319:
4241:Van Noorden, Richard (1 August 2014).
3334:Brown, Michael J. I. (2 August 2015).
2403:Van Noorden, Richard (11 March 2020).
1072:More transparent peer review, such as
703:Substantially lower number of citation
5078:International Journal of Surgery Open
4982:Anwar, Ch. Mahmood (26 August 2022).
4844:College & Research Libraries News
4757:from the original on 8 December 2017.
4745:Retraction Watch (22 November 2017).
4481:College & Research Libraries News
4427:College & Research Libraries News
4185:
4183:
4116:COPE: Committee on Publication Ethics
3977:Frandsen, Tove Faber (January 2019).
2680:. United States District Court Nevada
2584:Connor-Simons, Adam (14 April 2015).
2262:
2260:
2258:
2256:
1543:The Journal of Academic Librarianship
1188:papers from legitimate journals (see
1041:from Russia in 2022 and the pause in
1026:Russian Foundation for Basic Research
684:Policies of leading scholar databases
454:
67:The Journal of Academic Librarianship
7:
6815:Registry of Open Access Repositories
5791:Cobo, Cristobal (17 November 2014).
5665:Straumsheim, Carl (2 October 2015).
5297:The National Science Centre (Poland)
3553:from the original on 4 February 2016
3389:Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy
2382:10.1126/science.2013.342.6154.342_60
2114:Molteni, Megan (19 September 2016).
1886:Poynder, Richard (5 November 2008).
857:, very much like Beall's has been a
468:Eriksson and Helgesson's 25 criteria
6335:Bohannon, John (19 November 2015).
5387:Swoger, Bonnie (26 November 2014).
4477:"Response to 'Beyond Beall's List'"
3739:"Directory of Open Access Journals"
2896:Stratford, Michael (4 March 2012).
2449:Sorokowski, Piotr (22 March 2017).
1985:Abrahams, Marc (22 December 2009).
1226:List of scholarly publishing stings
1095:be spotted through providing tips.
558:spurious alternative impact factors
6337:"Feature: How to hijack a journal"
6064:S. Jayaraman, K. (23 March 2018).
5849:Teixeira; da Silva, J. A. (2013).
5041:Siegfried, Elaine (16 June 2017).
2949:Safi, Michael (25 November 2014),
2922:"Editor will quit over hoax paper"
1987:"Strange academic journals: Scam?"
1903:For the series of interviews, see
1354:"Definition of Write-Only Journal"
1352:Riehle, Dirk (13 September 2011).
320:(FTC) filed a lawsuit against the
278:(JCR) offered Szust the position.
25:
6765:Directory of Open Access Journals
5548:Perkel, Jeffrey (30 March 2015).
5529:. Committee on Publication Ethics
5306:from the original on 4 March 2019
4838:Swauger, Shea (4 December 2017).
3545:Carl Straumsheim (October 2015).
3438:Journal of Korean Medical Science
3353:Beall, Jeffrey (1 January 2015).
3215:Jalalian, Mehrdad (August 2013).
3186:"Bogus New Impact Factor Appears"
3165:Neumann, Ralf (2 February 2012).
3103:The Chronicle of Higher Education
2975:Journal of Korean Medical Science
2920:Gilbert, Natasha (15 June 2009).
2903:The Chronicle of Higher Education
2506:Kluger, Jeffrey (22 March 2017).
2088:McCook, Alison (26 August 2016).
2074:The Chronicle of Higher Education
1369:"OSI Brief: Deceptive publishing"
864:Beall has been threatened with a
804:Directory of Open Access Journals
755:Directory of Open Access Journals
270:Directory of Open Access Journals
207:, a staff writer for the journal
105:Directory of Open Access Journals
6462:
6018:Society for Scholarly Publishing
5605:van Gerestein, Danielle (2015).
5253:South African Journal of Science
5204:Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin
4717:Sriram, Jayant (25 March 2015).
4510:"Open-access website gets tough"
4243:"Open-access website gets tough"
3762:College & Research Libraries
3120:Beall, Jeffrey (1 August 2012).
2795:Manley, Stewart (23 July 2019).
1608:Research in Nursing & Health
1580:Kolata, Gina (30 October 2017).
1367:Anderson, Rick (19 March 2019).
944:Society for Scholarly Publishing
931:
889:Information Technology Act, 2000
6652:Budapest Open Access Initiative
6392:Committee on Publication Ethics
5750:Beall, Jeffrey (1 April 2013).
4929:Anderson, Rick (25 July 2017).
4691:"Send Section 66A bullies home"
4344:New England Journal of Medicine
2558:Burdick, Alan (22 March 2017).
2015:"Two new journals copy the old"
1924:Suber, Peter (2 October 2009).
1085:Committee on Publication Ethics
942:At the May 2017 meeting of the
797:Committee on Publication Ethics
760:library and information science
690:abstract and citation databases
6751:Directory of Open Access Books
6005:Anderson, Rick (11 May 2015).
4658:Chappell, Bill (15 May 2013).
4632:Anderson, Rick (20 May 2013).
4475:Beall, Jeffrey (1 June 2015).
3847:Journal of Nursing Scholarship
2767:Oransky, Ivan (2 April 2019).
2532:Kolata, Gina (22 March 2017).
2170:Science and Engineering Ethics
965:Beall's List § Successors
603:The journal does not describe
158:Scientific Research Publishing
1:
6770:Initiative for Open Citations
6080:(inactive 12 September 2024).
5930:(6): 569–571. November 2014.
5824:Journal of Information Ethics
5139:10.1016/j.acalib.2024.102898.
4611:Chronicle of Higher Education
4454:Coyle, Karen (4 April 2013).
4143:Publishing Research Quarterly
4051:Bell, Kirsten (8 July 2017).
3899:10.1016/j.outlook.2017.05.005
3184:Brezgov, Stef (3 June 2019).
3144:Kolata, Gina (7 April 2013).
3093:Elliott, Carl (5 June 2012).
3029:Butler, Declan (March 2013).
2735:Timmer, John (3 April 2019).
2067:Basken, Paul (10 June 2009).
829:University of Colorado Denver
18:Predatory open access journal
6972:List of open-access journals
6962:Access to Knowledge movement
6601:Copyright transfer agreement
6382:– via Newspapers.com.
6366:Spears, Tom (14 June 2017).
6113:University Grants Commission
5983:10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.02.017
5167:10.5811/westjem.2016.7.30328
4386:Bivens-Tatum, Wayne (2014).
3634:10.1016/j.respol.2018.04.013
2861:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009377
1931:SPARC Open Access Newsletter
1556:10.1016/j.acalib.2020.102271
1150:University Grants Commission
1078:post-publication peer review
850:Who's Afraid of Peer Review?
219:Who's Afraid of Peer Review?
6723:Delayed open-access journal
6586:Subscription business model
5467:Bartholomew, R. E. (2014).
5368:(in Russian). 21 March 2022
5266:10.17159/sajs.2017/20170010
4112:"Identifying fake journals"
3724:10.3390/publications7020034
3432:Memon, Aamir Raoof (2019).
2969:Memon, Aamir Raoof (2019).
1831:10.3390/publications8020017
871:some journals being removed
473:full list is quoted below:
467:
366:hoax and nonsensical papers
7077:
6718:Hybrid open-access journal
6279:10.1038/d41586-020-00911-x
6212:10.1038/d41586-019-03759-y
5438:10.1038/d41586-018-06032-w
5397:. Macmillan Publishers Ltd
5114:"Kscien's Predatory Lists"
5091:10.1016/j.ijso.2019.11.001
4885:(5): 32–33. Archived from
4407:10.31269/triplec.v12i2.617
4209:10.1186/s12916-020-01566-1
4155:10.1007/s12109-022-09888-z
4070:10.31269/triplec.v15i2.870
3661:Insights: The UKSG Journal
2840:PLOS Computational Biology
2417:10.1038/d41586-020-00709-x
1905:The Open Access Interviews
1408:10.1038/d41586-019-03759-y
1292:Center for Promoting Ideas
1108:article processing charges
1022:Russian Science Foundation
962:
938:Cabells' Predatory Reports
935:
932:Cabells' Predatory Reports
813:
793:Cabells' Predatory Reports
452:
198:
129:Bentham Science Publishers
6980:
6805:Public Library of Science
6790:Open Knowledge Foundation
6631:Article processing charge
6549:
6394:(COPE). 1 November 2019.
6125:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
5340:10.3103/S0147688220010074
4604:New, Jake (15 May 2013).
3808:10.1186/s12916-017-0785-9
3655:Eve, Martin Paul (2015).
3401:10.1007/s11019-016-9740-3
2332:10.1007/s11192-018-2750-6
2286:10.1186/s12916-015-0469-2
2182:10.1007/s11948-014-9521-4
2155:10.1038/nature.2017.22090
1854:"The guardians of Scopus"
1238:(covers publishers' COIs)
998:national journal rankings
831:librarian and researcher
747:article-processing charge
726:Chemical Abstract Service
7041:Open access (publishing)
6810:Public Knowledge Project
6795:Open Society Foundations
6785:Open Archives Initiative
6682:NIH Public Access Policy
6410:InterAcademy Partnership
6159:10.1177/1350507619878820
5856:European Science Editing
5487:10.1177/0141076814548526
5001:10.1108/TRC-03-2022-0004
4508:Van Noorden, R. (2014).
4030:10.1177/0011392113508127
3578:Journal of Documentation
3450:10.3346/jkms.2019.34.e99
2987:10.3346/jkms.2019.34.e99
1968:29 December 2014 at the
1910:1 September 2016 at the
1339:"Write-Only Publication"
1165:InterAcademy Partnership
1110:removes the publisher's
978:Center of Scientometrics
912:removed from this list.
626:
551:cannot yet be calculated
545:The journal provides an
448:
318:Federal Trade Commission
275:Journal Citation Reports
233:(through its subsidiary
119:, publisher of an early
5969:Mayo Clinic Proceedings
5863:(4): 97. Archived from
4969:The Scholarly Criticism
4789:Beall, Jeffrey (2017).
4776:Stellenbosch University
3591:10.1108/JD-04-2022-0083
2909:(subscription required)
1773:10.1126/science.aba8116
1587:5 November 2017 at the
1505:10.1186/1741-7015-10-73
1429:Beall, Jeffrey (2012).
1010:National Science Centre
537:American Journal of ...
432:bibliographic databases
316:On 25 August 2016, the
6713:Open-access repository
6401:10.24318/cope.2019.3.6
6315:www.interacademies.org
6078:10.1038/nindia.2018.39
5920:"Predatory Publishing"
5905:10.7710/2162-3309.1133
5737:"Think. Check. Submit"
4871:Hakami, Ramzi (2017).
4857:10.5860/crln.78.11.603
4494:10.5860/crln.76.6.9334
4440:10.5860/crln.76.3.9277
3522:10.1021/acsguide.10506
3122:"Predatory Publishing"
1947:The Charleston Advisor
1069:
906:Supreme Court of India
878:OMICS Publishing Group
825:
410:Boasting about being "
255:
189:Cabell's International
37:
7056:Scientific misconduct
6741:The Cost of Knowledge
6491:Think. Check. Submit.
5216:10.15171/apb.2016.001
4950:"Scholarly Criticism"
4935:The Scholarly Kitchen
4772:"Accredited Journals"
4306:Scholarly Open Access
3233:10.14661/2013.685-686
3190:Scholarly Open Access
2936:10.1038/news.2009.571
2229:10.1128/mBio.00411-19
2149:: nature.2017.22090.
1873:Random Research Rants
1694:Kurt, Serhat (2018).
1124:evidence-based policy
1067:Think. Check. Submit.
1064:
823:
616:conflicts of interest
453:Further information:
304:predatory conferences
249:"Dr Fraud" experiment
199:Bohannon's experiment
99:, as well as through
51:, is an exploitative
45:write-only publishing
35:
7051:Academic terminology
6636:Predatory publishing
6480:Predatory publishing
4807:10.11613/bm.2017.029
4581:Cites & Insights
4357:10.1056/NEJMp1214750
4302:"List of Publishers"
3221:Electronic Physician
1867:Eysenbach, Gunther.
1337:(24 November 2008).
1282:Predatory conference
1277:Peer review failures
1167:published a report,
1112:conflict of interest
984:According to a 2020
809:
732:Growth and structure
706:Substantially lower
490:electronic databases
300:context-free grammar
156:blog had found that
76:developing countries
49:deceptive publishing
41:Predatory publishing
6891:Republic of Ireland
6708:Open-access mandate
6270:2020Natur.580...29D
6203:2019Natur.576..210G
6146:Management Learning
6043:www.natureindex.com
5836:10.3172/jie.22.1.11
5566:2015Natur.520..119P
5550:"Rate that journal"
5430:2018Natur.560..545P
5394:Scientific American
5043:"Fake medical News"
4526:2014Natur.512...17V
4259:2014Natur.512...17V
3938:2017Natur.549...23M
3775:10.5860/crl.79.1.52
3109:on 8 February 2014.
3047:2013Natur.495..433B
2852:2021PLSCB..17E9377L
2467:2017Natur.543..481S
1992:Improbable Research
1765:2020Sci...367..129B
1447:2012Natur.489..179B
1400:2019Natur.576..210G
1272:Open access journal
1163:In March 2022, the
950:Scholarly Criticism
873:from Beall's list.
598:peer review process
455:§ Beall's List
153:Improbable Research
53:academic publishing
6687:Research Works Act
6677:Geneva Declaration
6662:Bethesda Statement
6657:Berlin Declaration
6611:Scientific journal
5937:10.1111/jmwh.12273
5756:Learned Publishing
4907:on 4 February 2019
4889:on 15 August 2018.
4878:Skeptical Inquirer
4574:2014-10-31 at the
3983:Learned Publishing
3151:The New York Times
2801:Learned Publishing
2747:Condé Nast Digital
2678:Case 2:16-cv-02022
2650:. 2 September 2016
2538:The New York Times
1700:Learned Publishing
1593:The New York Times
1312:The New York Times
1287:Pseudo-scholarship
1195:c) journals which
1184:b) journals which
1133:The New York Times
1102:(particularly its
1070:
826:
720:As of summer 2024
291:SCIgen experiments
168:Cornell University
137:Libertas Academica
133:Dove Medical Press
97:Cabell's blacklist
38:
7061:Online publishing
7028:
7027:
6591:Subscribe to Open
6425:978-1-7330379-3-8
6197:(7786): 210–212.
6013:Scholarly Kitchen
5960:Caplan, Arthur L.
5803:on 29 August 2015
5560:(7545): 119–120.
5424:(7720): 545–547.
5047:Dermatology Times
5022:. 28 January 2018
4988:Tourism Critiques
4638:Scholarly Kitchen
4094:Project MUSE
4018:Current Sociology
3995:10.1002/leap.1214
3861:10.1111/jnu.12248
3531:978-0-8412-3586-1
3321:ASH Clinical News
3041:(7442): 433–435.
2813:10.1002/leap.1254
2461:(7646): 481–483.
1713:10.1002/leap.1150
1658:10.1002/asi.23265
1621:10.1002/nur.21640
1394:(7786): 210–212.
1298:Explanatory notes
1148:In May 2018, the
1143:publish or perish
1062:
986:systematic review
741:Causes and impact
562:bioethics journal
560:(such as 7 for a
346:summary judgement
330:Conference Series
173:Scholarly Kitchen
117:Gunther Eysenbach
16:(Redirected from
7068:
6761:
6758:
6746:Creative Commons
6672:Durham Statement
6606:Academic journal
6536:
6529:
6522:
6513:
6466:
6465:
6451:
6445:
6437:
6405:
6403:
6386:
6381:
6379:
6354:
6353:
6351:
6349:
6332:
6326:
6325:
6323:
6321:
6306:
6300:
6299:
6281:
6249:
6243:
6242:
6224:
6214:
6181:
6172:
6171:
6161:
6137:
6131:
6130:
6124:
6116:
6110:
6102:
6096:
6095:
6089:
6081:
6061:
6055:
6054:
6052:
6050:
6035:
6029:
6028:
6026:
6024:
6002:
5996:
5995:
5985:
5956:
5950:
5949:
5939:
5916:
5910:
5909:
5907:
5883:
5877:
5876:
5874:
5872:
5867:on 23 March 2016
5846:
5840:
5839:
5819:
5813:
5812:
5810:
5808:
5788:
5782:
5781:
5771:
5769:10.1087/20130203
5747:
5741:
5740:
5733:
5727:
5726:
5707:10.1136/bmj.h210
5688:
5682:
5681:
5679:
5677:
5671:Inside Higher Ed
5662:
5656:
5655:
5653:
5651:
5635:
5629:
5628:
5626:
5624:10.18352/lq.9911
5602:
5596:
5595:
5577:
5545:
5539:
5538:
5536:
5534:
5524:
5515:
5509:
5508:
5498:
5464:
5458:
5457:
5413:
5407:
5406:
5404:
5402:
5384:
5378:
5377:
5375:
5373:
5358:
5352:
5351:
5322:
5316:
5315:
5313:
5311:
5305:
5294:
5285:
5279:
5278:
5268:
5244:
5238:
5237:
5227:
5195:
5189:
5188:
5178:
5146:
5140:
5136:
5130:
5129:
5127:
5125:
5110:
5104:
5103:
5093:
5069:
5063:
5062:
5060:
5058:
5053:on 16 March 2018
5049:. Archived from
5038:
5032:
5031:
5029:
5027:
5020:Research Matters
5012:
5006:
5005:
5003:
4979:
4973:
4972:
4960:
4954:
4953:
4945:
4939:
4938:
4926:
4917:
4916:
4914:
4912:
4903:. Archived from
4897:
4891:
4890:
4868:
4862:
4861:
4859:
4835:
4829:
4828:
4818:
4795:Biochemia Medica
4786:
4780:
4779:
4768:
4759:
4758:
4751:Retraction Watch
4742:
4736:
4735:
4733:
4731:
4714:
4708:
4707:
4705:
4703:
4686:
4675:
4674:
4672:
4670:
4655:
4649:
4648:
4646:
4644:
4629:
4623:
4622:
4620:
4618:
4601:
4592:
4567:, (July 2014), "
4562:
4556:
4555:
4537:
4505:
4499:
4498:
4496:
4472:
4466:
4465:
4459:
4451:
4445:
4444:
4442:
4418:
4412:
4411:
4409:
4383:
4377:
4376:
4338:
4332:
4331:
4325:
4317:
4315:
4313:
4300:Beall, Jeffrey.
4297:
4291:
4290:
4238:
4232:
4231:
4221:
4211:
4187:
4178:
4177:
4134:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4123:
4108:
4102:
4101:
4081:
4075:
4074:
4072:
4048:
4042:
4041:
4013:
4007:
4006:
3974:
3968:
3967:
3949:
3917:
3911:
3910:
3880:
3874:
3873:
3863:
3837:
3831:
3830:
3820:
3810:
3786:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3753:
3747:
3746:
3735:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3702:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3685:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3674:10.1629/uksg.166
3652:
3646:
3645:
3619:
3610:
3604:
3603:
3593:
3569:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3542:
3536:
3535:
3506:
3500:
3499:
3498:. 20 March 2023.
3492:
3486:
3485:
3478:
3472:
3471:
3461:
3429:
3423:
3422:
3412:
3380:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3359:
3350:
3344:
3343:
3340:The Conversation
3331:
3325:
3324:
3313:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3302:
3297:. 2 January 2022
3287:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3261:
3255:
3254:
3244:
3212:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3201:
3192:. Archived from
3181:
3175:
3174:
3162:
3156:
3155:
3141:
3132:
3131:
3117:
3111:
3110:
3105:. Archived from
3090:
3077:
3076:
3058:
3026:
3009:
3008:
2998:
2966:
2960:
2959:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2917:
2911:
2910:
2907:
2893:
2884:
2883:
2873:
2863:
2831:
2825:
2824:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2774:Retraction Watch
2764:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2702:. 29 August 2016
2696:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2675:
2666:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2640:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2581:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2555:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2529:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2518:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2478:
2446:
2437:
2436:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2365:
2354:
2353:
2343:
2315:
2309:
2308:
2298:
2288:
2264:
2251:
2250:
2240:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2142:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2094:Retraction Watch
2085:
2079:
2078:
2064:
2055:
2054:
2036:
2010:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1982:
1976:
1959:
1953:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1921:
1915:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1850:
1844:
1843:
1833:
1823:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1738:. 15 March 2022.
1732:
1726:
1725:
1715:
1691:
1680:
1679:
1669:
1652:(7): 1406–1417.
1639:
1633:
1632:
1602:
1596:
1578:
1569:
1568:
1558:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1517:
1507:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1458:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1331:
1315:
1308:
1257:Hijacked journal
1100:gold open access
1087:, the DOAJ, the
1074:open peer review
1063:
976:ordered Chinese
959:Other blacklists
688:Many scientific
627:Memon's criteria
618:, or secure the
449:Beall's criteria
403:or non-existent
258:
21:
7076:
7075:
7071:
7070:
7069:
7067:
7066:
7065:
7031:
7030:
7029:
7024:
7000:Open government
6976:
6967:Access2Research
6950:
6829:
6753:
6733:
6727:
6691:
6640:
6563:
6545:
6540:
6487:
6486:
6485:
6467:
6463:
6458:
6438:
6426:
6408:
6389:
6377:
6375:
6365:
6362:
6360:Further reading
6357:
6347:
6345:
6334:
6333:
6329:
6319:
6317:
6308:
6307:
6303:
6251:
6250:
6246:
6183:
6182:
6175:
6139:
6138:
6134:
6117:
6108:
6104:
6103:
6099:
6082:
6063:
6062:
6058:
6048:
6046:
6037:
6036:
6032:
6022:
6020:
6004:
6003:
5999:
5958:
5957:
5953:
5918:
5917:
5913:
5885:
5884:
5880:
5870:
5868:
5848:
5847:
5843:
5821:
5820:
5816:
5806:
5804:
5790:
5789:
5785:
5749:
5748:
5744:
5735:
5734:
5730:
5690:
5689:
5685:
5675:
5673:
5664:
5663:
5659:
5649:
5647:
5637:
5636:
5632:
5611:LIBER Quarterly
5604:
5603:
5599:
5575:10.1038/520119a
5547:
5546:
5542:
5532:
5530:
5522:
5517:
5516:
5512:
5481:(10): 384–385.
5466:
5465:
5461:
5415:
5414:
5410:
5400:
5398:
5386:
5385:
5381:
5371:
5369:
5360:
5359:
5355:
5324:
5323:
5319:
5309:
5307:
5303:
5292:
5287:
5286:
5282:
5246:
5245:
5241:
5197:
5196:
5192:
5148:
5147:
5143:
5137:
5133:
5123:
5121:
5112:
5111:
5107:
5071:
5070:
5066:
5056:
5054:
5040:
5039:
5035:
5025:
5023:
5014:
5013:
5009:
4981:
4980:
4976:
4962:
4961:
4957:
4947:
4946:
4942:
4928:
4927:
4920:
4910:
4908:
4899:
4898:
4894:
4870:
4869:
4865:
4850:(11): 603–606.
4837:
4836:
4832:
4788:
4787:
4783:
4770:
4769:
4762:
4744:
4743:
4739:
4729:
4727:
4716:
4715:
4711:
4701:
4699:
4688:
4687:
4678:
4668:
4666:
4657:
4656:
4652:
4642:
4640:
4631:
4630:
4626:
4616:
4614:
4603:
4602:
4595:
4576:Wayback Machine
4563:
4559:
4535:10.1038/512017a
4507:
4506:
4502:
4474:
4473:
4469:
4462:Library Journal
4453:
4452:
4448:
4420:
4419:
4415:
4385:
4384:
4380:
4340:
4339:
4335:
4318:
4311:
4309:
4299:
4298:
4294:
4267:10.1038/512017a
4240:
4239:
4235:
4189:
4188:
4181:
4136:
4135:
4131:
4121:
4119:
4110:
4109:
4105:
4083:
4082:
4078:
4050:
4049:
4045:
4015:
4014:
4010:
3976:
3975:
3971:
3947:10.1038/549023a
3932:(7670): 23–25.
3919:
3918:
3914:
3886:Nursing Outlook
3882:
3881:
3877:
3839:
3838:
3834:
3788:
3787:
3783:
3755:
3754:
3750:
3737:
3736:
3732:
3704:
3703:
3699:
3691:
3687:
3686:
3682:
3654:
3653:
3649:
3622:Research Policy
3617:
3612:
3611:
3607:
3571:
3570:
3566:
3556:
3554:
3544:
3543:
3539:
3532:
3508:
3507:
3503:
3494:
3493:
3489:
3480:
3479:
3475:
3431:
3430:
3426:
3382:
3381:
3377:
3367:
3365:
3357:
3352:
3351:
3347:
3333:
3332:
3328:
3323:. January 2017.
3315:
3314:
3310:
3300:
3298:
3289:
3288:
3284:
3274:
3272:
3263:
3262:
3258:
3214:
3213:
3209:
3199:
3197:
3196:on 2 April 2023
3183:
3182:
3178:
3164:
3163:
3159:
3143:
3142:
3135:
3119:
3118:
3114:
3092:
3091:
3080:
3056:10.1038/495433a
3028:
3027:
3012:
2968:
2967:
2963:
2948:
2947:
2943:
2919:
2918:
2914:
2908:
2895:
2894:
2887:
2846:(9): e1009377.
2833:
2832:
2828:
2794:
2793:
2789:
2779:
2777:
2766:
2765:
2761:
2751:
2749:
2734:
2733:
2729:
2720:
2719:
2715:
2705:
2703:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2683:
2681:
2673:
2669:Shanka, David.
2668:
2667:
2663:
2653:
2651:
2642:
2641:
2634:
2624:
2622:
2611:
2610:
2606:
2596:
2594:
2583:
2582:
2578:
2568:
2566:
2557:
2556:
2552:
2542:
2540:
2531:
2530:
2526:
2516:
2514:
2505:
2504:
2500:
2476:10.1038/543481a
2448:
2447:
2440:
2402:
2401:
2397:
2376:(6154): 60–65.
2367:
2366:
2357:
2317:
2316:
2312:
2266:
2265:
2254:
2210:
2209:
2205:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2144:
2143:
2136:
2126:
2124:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2098:
2096:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2066:
2065:
2058:
2034:10.1038/463148a
2012:
2011:
2007:
1997:
1995:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1970:Wayback Machine
1960:
1956:
1943:
1939:
1934:. No. 138.
1923:
1922:
1918:
1912:Wayback Machine
1896:
1894:
1885:
1884:
1880:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1852:
1851:
1847:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1693:
1692:
1683:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1604:
1603:
1599:
1589:Wayback Machine
1579:
1572:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1485:
1484:
1480:
1456:10.1038/489179a
1428:
1427:
1423:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1319:
1318:
1309:
1305:
1300:
1222:
1053:
1051:
1018:
1006:
994:
992:Science funders
967:
961:
952:
940:
934:
818:
812:
785:
780:
743:
734:
686:
629:
575:editor in chief
524:editorial board
470:
457:
451:
418:) and standard
358:
356:Characteristics
314:
293:
251:
201:
115:In March 2008,
113:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7074:
7072:
7064:
7063:
7058:
7053:
7048:
7043:
7033:
7032:
7026:
7025:
7023:
7022:
7017:
7012:
7010:Open knowledge
7007:
7002:
6997:
6995:Open education
6992:
6987:
6981:
6978:
6977:
6975:
6974:
6969:
6964:
6958:
6956:
6952:
6951:
6949:
6948:
6943:
6938:
6933:
6928:
6923:
6918:
6913:
6908:
6903:
6898:
6893:
6888:
6883:
6878:
6873:
6868:
6863:
6858:
6853:
6848:
6843:
6837:
6835:
6831:
6830:
6828:
6827:
6822:
6817:
6812:
6807:
6802:
6797:
6792:
6787:
6782:
6777:
6772:
6767:
6762:
6748:
6743:
6737:
6735:
6729:
6728:
6726:
6725:
6720:
6715:
6710:
6705:
6703:Self-archiving
6699:
6697:
6693:
6692:
6690:
6689:
6684:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6648:
6646:
6642:
6641:
6639:
6638:
6633:
6628:
6623:
6618:
6613:
6608:
6603:
6598:
6593:
6588:
6583:
6571:
6569:
6565:
6564:
6562:
6561:
6556:
6550:
6547:
6546:
6541:
6539:
6538:
6531:
6524:
6516:
6510:
6509:
6504:
6493:
6468:
6461:
6460:
6459:
6457:
6456:External links
6454:
6453:
6452:
6424:
6406:
6387:
6372:Ottawa Citizen
6361:
6358:
6356:
6355:
6327:
6301:
6244:
6173:
6152:(5): 607–619.
6132:
6097:
6056:
6030:
5997:
5976:(5): 565–566.
5951:
5911:
5878:
5841:
5814:
5783:
5742:
5728:
5683:
5657:
5630:
5597:
5540:
5510:
5459:
5408:
5379:
5353:
5326:Foundation)".
5317:
5280:
5239:
5190:
5161:(5): 497–507.
5141:
5131:
5120:. 8 March 2015
5105:
5064:
5033:
5007:
4974:
4955:
4940:
4918:
4892:
4863:
4830:
4801:(2): 273–278.
4781:
4760:
4737:
4709:
4676:
4650:
4624:
4593:
4557:
4500:
4487:(6): 340–341.
4467:
4446:
4433:(3): 132–135.
4413:
4400:(2): 441–446.
4378:
4351:(9): 791–793.
4333:
4292:
4233:
4179:
4149:(3): 530–543.
4129:
4118:. 6 April 2023
4103:
4076:
4063:(2): 651–662.
4043:
4024:(5): 666–684.
4008:
3969:
3912:
3875:
3854:(6): 624–632.
3832:
3781:
3748:
3730:
3697:
3680:
3647:
3628:(2): 462–477.
3605:
3584:(7): 450–463.
3564:
3537:
3530:
3501:
3487:
3473:
3424:
3395:(2): 163–170.
3375:
3364:(3rd ed.)
3345:
3326:
3308:
3282:
3271:. 2 March 2019
3256:
3227:(3): 685–686.
3207:
3176:
3157:
3133:
3112:
3078:
3010:
2961:
2941:
2912:
2885:
2826:
2807:(4): 375–381.
2787:
2759:
2727:
2713:
2691:
2661:
2632:
2604:
2576:
2564:The New Yorker
2550:
2524:
2498:
2438:
2395:
2355:
2320:Scientometrics
2310:
2252:
2203:
2176:(1): 183–202.
2160:
2134:
2106:
2080:
2056:
2005:
1977:
1954:
1937:
1916:
1892:Open and Shut?
1878:
1859:
1845:
1794:
1741:
1727:
1681:
1634:
1597:
1570:
1529:
1478:
1421:
1374:
1359:
1344:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1233:
1228:
1221:
1218:
1214:
1213:
1201:
1193:
1182:
1050:
1047:
1030:Web of Science
1017:
1014:
1005:
1002:
993:
990:
960:
957:
951:
948:
936:Main article:
933:
930:
847:Following the
814:Main article:
811:
808:
784:
781:
779:
776:
742:
739:
733:
730:
714:Web of Science
711:
710:
704:
701:
685:
682:
681:
680:
677:
674:
671:
668:
665:
662:
659:
656:impact factors
652:
649:
646:
643:
640:
637:
628:
625:
624:
623:
608:
601:
594:
591:
588:
584:
581:
578:
571:
568:
565:
554:
543:
540:
533:
530:
527:
520:
517:
514:
511:pseudo-science
507:
504:
501:
498:Web of Science
486:
469:
466:
450:
447:
443:vanity presses
439:
438:
435:
408:
405:impact factors
397:
390:
387:
384:
381:
378:
375:
372:
369:
357:
354:
313:
308:
292:
289:
250:
247:
231:Wolters Kluwer
200:
197:
112:
109:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7073:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7054:
7052:
7049:
7047:
7044:
7042:
7039:
7038:
7036:
7021:
7018:
7016:
7013:
7011:
7008:
7006:
7005:Open hardware
7003:
7001:
6998:
6996:
6993:
6991:
6988:
6986:
6983:
6982:
6979:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6960:
6959:
6957:
6953:
6947:
6944:
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6937:
6934:
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6924:
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6919:
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6912:
6909:
6907:
6904:
6902:
6899:
6897:
6894:
6892:
6889:
6887:
6884:
6882:
6879:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6869:
6867:
6864:
6862:
6859:
6857:
6854:
6852:
6849:
6847:
6844:
6842:
6839:
6838:
6836:
6832:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6798:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6763:
6759:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6738:
6736:
6734:organizations
6730:
6724:
6721:
6719:
6716:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6700:
6698:
6694:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6680:
6678:
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6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6649:
6647:
6643:
6637:
6634:
6632:
6629:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6581:
6577:
6573:
6572:
6570:
6566:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6551:
6548:
6544:
6537:
6532:
6530:
6525:
6523:
6518:
6517:
6514:
6508:
6505:
6502:
6498:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6488:
6483:
6482:
6481:
6475:
6471:
6455:
6449:
6443:
6435:
6431:
6427:
6421:
6417:
6416:
6411:
6407:
6402:
6397:
6393:
6388:
6385:
6373:
6369:
6364:
6363:
6359:
6344:
6343:
6338:
6331:
6328:
6316:
6312:
6305:
6302:
6297:
6293:
6289:
6285:
6280:
6275:
6271:
6267:
6263:
6259:
6255:
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6240:
6236:
6232:
6228:
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6218:
6213:
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6192:
6188:
6180:
6178:
6174:
6169:
6165:
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6155:
6151:
6147:
6143:
6136:
6133:
6128:
6122:
6114:
6107:
6101:
6098:
6093:
6087:
6079:
6075:
6071:
6067:
6060:
6057:
6044:
6040:
6034:
6031:
6019:
6015:
6014:
6008:
6001:
5998:
5993:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5975:
5971:
5970:
5965:
5961:
5955:
5952:
5947:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5929:
5925:
5921:
5915:
5912:
5906:
5901:
5897:
5893:
5889:
5882:
5879:
5866:
5862:
5858:
5857:
5852:
5845:
5842:
5837:
5833:
5829:
5825:
5818:
5815:
5802:
5798:
5794:
5787:
5784:
5779:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5761:
5757:
5753:
5746:
5743:
5738:
5732:
5729:
5724:
5720:
5716:
5712:
5708:
5704:
5700:
5696:
5695:
5687:
5684:
5672:
5668:
5661:
5658:
5645:
5641:
5634:
5631:
5625:
5620:
5616:
5612:
5608:
5601:
5598:
5593:
5589:
5585:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5567:
5563:
5559:
5555:
5551:
5544:
5541:
5528:
5521:
5514:
5511:
5506:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5488:
5484:
5480:
5476:
5475:
5470:
5463:
5460:
5455:
5451:
5447:
5443:
5439:
5435:
5431:
5427:
5423:
5419:
5412:
5409:
5396:
5395:
5390:
5383:
5380:
5367:
5363:
5357:
5354:
5349:
5345:
5341:
5337:
5333:
5329:
5321:
5318:
5302:
5298:
5295:(in Polish).
5291:
5284:
5281:
5276:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5258:
5254:
5250:
5243:
5240:
5235:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5217:
5213:
5209:
5205:
5201:
5194:
5191:
5186:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5168:
5164:
5160:
5156:
5152:
5145:
5142:
5135:
5132:
5119:
5115:
5109:
5106:
5101:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5083:
5079:
5075:
5068:
5065:
5052:
5048:
5044:
5037:
5034:
5021:
5017:
5011:
5008:
5002:
4997:
4993:
4989:
4985:
4978:
4975:
4970:
4966:
4959:
4956:
4951:
4944:
4941:
4936:
4932:
4925:
4923:
4919:
4906:
4902:
4896:
4893:
4888:
4884:
4880:
4879:
4874:
4867:
4864:
4858:
4853:
4849:
4845:
4841:
4834:
4831:
4826:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4808:
4804:
4800:
4796:
4792:
4785:
4782:
4777:
4773:
4767:
4765:
4761:
4756:
4752:
4748:
4741:
4738:
4726:
4725:
4720:
4713:
4710:
4698:
4697:
4692:
4685:
4683:
4681:
4677:
4665:
4661:
4654:
4651:
4639:
4635:
4628:
4625:
4613:
4612:
4607:
4600:
4598:
4594:
4591:
4587:
4583:
4582:
4577:
4573:
4570:
4566:
4565:Walt Crawford
4561:
4558:
4553:
4549:
4545:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4527:
4523:
4519:
4515:
4511:
4504:
4501:
4495:
4490:
4486:
4482:
4478:
4471:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4450:
4447:
4441:
4436:
4432:
4428:
4424:
4417:
4414:
4408:
4403:
4399:
4395:
4394:
4389:
4382:
4379:
4374:
4370:
4366:
4362:
4358:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4345:
4337:
4334:
4329:
4323:
4307:
4303:
4296:
4293:
4289:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4256:
4252:
4248:
4244:
4237:
4234:
4229:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4186:
4184:
4180:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4164:
4160:
4156:
4152:
4148:
4144:
4140:
4133:
4130:
4117:
4113:
4107:
4104:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4087:
4080:
4077:
4071:
4066:
4062:
4058:
4054:
4047:
4044:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4023:
4019:
4012:
4009:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3973:
3970:
3965:
3961:
3957:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3927:
3923:
3916:
3913:
3908:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3887:
3879:
3876:
3871:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3848:
3843:
3836:
3833:
3828:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3785:
3782:
3776:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3752:
3749:
3744:
3740:
3734:
3731:
3725:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3701:
3698:
3690:
3684:
3681:
3675:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3651:
3648:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3616:
3609:
3606:
3601:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3568:
3565:
3552:
3548:
3541:
3538:
3533:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3505:
3502:
3497:
3491:
3488:
3483:
3477:
3474:
3469:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3428:
3425:
3420:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3379:
3376:
3363:
3356:
3349:
3346:
3341:
3337:
3330:
3327:
3322:
3318:
3312:
3309:
3296:
3292:
3286:
3283:
3270:
3269:SAR Publisher
3266:
3260:
3257:
3252:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3211:
3208:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3180:
3177:
3172:
3168:
3161:
3158:
3153:
3152:
3147:
3140:
3138:
3134:
3129:
3128:
3127:The Scientist
3123:
3116:
3113:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3079:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3025:
3023:
3021:
3019:
3017:
3015:
3011:
3006:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2965:
2962:
2958:
2957:
2952:
2945:
2942:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2928:
2923:
2916:
2913:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2892:
2890:
2886:
2881:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2830:
2827:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2791:
2788:
2776:
2775:
2770:
2763:
2760:
2748:
2744:
2743:
2738:
2731:
2728:
2723:
2717:
2714:
2701:
2695:
2692:
2679:
2672:
2665:
2662:
2649:
2645:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2621:
2620:
2615:
2608:
2605:
2593:
2592:
2587:
2580:
2577:
2565:
2561:
2554:
2551:
2539:
2535:
2528:
2525:
2513:
2509:
2502:
2499:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2445:
2443:
2439:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2399:
2396:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2356:
2351:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2314:
2311:
2306:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2248:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2207:
2204:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2164:
2161:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2123:
2122:
2117:
2110:
2107:
2095:
2091:
2084:
2081:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2027:(7278): 148.
2026:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2009:
2006:
1994:
1993:
1988:
1981:
1978:
1974:
1971:
1967:
1964:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1941:
1938:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1920:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1906:
1893:
1889:
1882:
1879:
1874:
1870:
1863:
1860:
1855:
1849:
1846:
1841:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1798:
1795:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1759:(6474): 129.
1758:
1754:
1753:
1745:
1742:
1737:
1731:
1728:
1723:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1682:
1677:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1646:
1638:
1635:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1609:
1601:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1583:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1566:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1549:(2): 102271.
1548:
1544:
1540:
1533:
1530:
1525:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1482:
1479:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1441:(7415): 179.
1440:
1436:
1432:
1425:
1422:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1378:
1375:
1370:
1363:
1360:
1355:
1348:
1345:
1340:
1336:
1330:
1327:
1321:
1313:
1310:Gina Kolata (
1307:
1304:
1297:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1217:
1211:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1151:
1146:
1144:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1120:Arthur Caplan
1116:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1068:
1049:Other efforts
1048:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1003:
1001:
999:
991:
989:
987:
982:
979:
975:
970:
966:
958:
956:
949:
947:
945:
939:
929:
925:
921:
919:
915:
909:
907:
902:
900:
896:
895:
890:
886:
885:
879:
876:In 2013, the
874:
872:
867:
862:
860:
856:
852:
851:
845:
841:
838:
834:
833:Jeffrey Beall
830:
824:Jeffrey Beall
822:
817:
810:Beall's List
807:
805:
800:
798:
794:
790:
782:
777:
775:
773:
767:
765:
761:
756:
750:
748:
740:
738:
731:
729:
727:
723:
718:
715:
709:
705:
702:
699:
698:
697:
695:
691:
683:
678:
675:
672:
669:
666:
663:
660:
657:
653:
650:
647:
644:
641:
638:
634:
633:
632:
621:
617:
613:
609:
606:
602:
599:
595:
592:
589:
585:
582:
579:
576:
572:
569:
566:
563:
559:
555:
552:
548:
547:impact factor
544:
541:
538:
534:
531:
528:
525:
521:
518:
515:
512:
508:
505:
502:
499:
495:
491:
487:
484:
480:
476:
475:
474:
465:
462:
461:Jeffrey Beall
456:
446:
444:
436:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
406:
402:
398:
395:
391:
388:
385:
382:
379:
376:
373:
370:
367:
363:
362:
361:
355:
353:
351:
347:
343:
342:
337:
336:
331:
327:
323:
319:
312:
309:
307:
305:
301:
297:
290:
288:
286:
285:
279:
277:
276:
271:
265:
262:
257:
248:
246:
245:rejected it.
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
211:
206:
205:John Bohannon
196:
192:
190:
186:
185:Jeffrey Beall
181:
179:
175:
174:
169:
165:
164:
159:
155:
154:
149:
145:
142:Concerns for
140:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
110:
108:
106:
102:
98:
94:
93:
88:
83:
80:
77:
71:
69:
68:
62:
61:Jeffrey Beall
57:
54:
50:
46:
42:
34:
30:
19:
7015:Open science
6985:Open content
6931:South Africa
6732:Projects and
6635:
6579:
6575:
6478:
6477:
6476:profile for
6473:
6414:
6383:
6376:. Retrieved
6374:. p. A3
6371:
6348:26 September
6346:. Retrieved
6340:
6330:
6318:. Retrieved
6314:
6304:
6264:(7801): 29.
6261:
6257:
6247:
6222:11584/281794
6194:
6190:
6149:
6145:
6135:
6112:
6100:
6086:cite journal
6070:Nature India
6069:
6059:
6047:. Retrieved
6045:. 3 May 2018
6042:
6033:
6021:. Retrieved
6010:
6000:
5973:
5967:
5954:
5927:
5923:
5914:
5895:
5891:
5881:
5869:. Retrieved
5865:the original
5860:
5854:
5844:
5830:(1): 11–20.
5827:
5823:
5817:
5805:. Retrieved
5801:the original
5796:
5786:
5762:(2): 79–83.
5759:
5755:
5745:
5731:
5698:
5692:
5686:
5674:. Retrieved
5670:
5660:
5648:. Retrieved
5643:
5633:
5614:
5610:
5600:
5557:
5553:
5543:
5531:. Retrieved
5526:
5513:
5478:
5472:
5462:
5421:
5417:
5411:
5399:. Retrieved
5392:
5382:
5370:. Retrieved
5365:
5356:
5334:(1): 36–55.
5331:
5327:
5320:
5308:. Retrieved
5283:
5256:
5252:
5242:
5207:
5203:
5193:
5158:
5154:
5144:
5134:
5122:. Retrieved
5117:
5108:
5081:
5077:
5067:
5055:. Retrieved
5051:the original
5046:
5036:
5024:. Retrieved
5019:
5010:
4991:
4987:
4977:
4968:
4958:
4943:
4934:
4909:. Retrieved
4905:the original
4895:
4887:the original
4882:
4876:
4866:
4847:
4843:
4833:
4798:
4794:
4784:
4750:
4740:
4728:. Retrieved
4722:
4712:
4700:. Retrieved
4694:
4667:. Retrieved
4653:
4641:. Retrieved
4627:
4615:. Retrieved
4609:
4579:
4560:
4520:(7512): 17.
4517:
4513:
4503:
4484:
4480:
4470:
4461:
4449:
4430:
4426:
4416:
4397:
4391:
4381:
4348:
4342:
4336:
4310:. Retrieved
4305:
4295:
4286:
4253:(7512): 17.
4250:
4246:
4236:
4199:
4196:BMC Medicine
4195:
4174:
4146:
4142:
4132:
4120:. Retrieved
4115:
4106:
4092:(1): 58–80.
4089:
4085:
4079:
4060:
4056:
4046:
4021:
4017:
4011:
3989:(1): 57–62.
3986:
3982:
3972:
3929:
3925:
3915:
3890:
3884:
3878:
3851:
3845:
3835:
3798:
3795:BMC Medicine
3794:
3784:
3765:
3761:
3751:
3742:
3733:
3714:
3711:Publications
3710:
3700:
3683:
3664:
3660:
3650:
3625:
3621:
3608:
3581:
3577:
3567:
3555:. Retrieved
3540:
3513:
3504:
3490:
3476:
3441:
3437:
3427:
3392:
3388:
3378:
3366:. Retrieved
3362:Beall's list
3361:
3348:
3339:
3329:
3320:
3311:
3299:. Retrieved
3294:
3285:
3273:. Retrieved
3268:
3259:
3224:
3220:
3210:
3198:. Retrieved
3194:the original
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