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237:, and polished stones. A grave good of 50 pieces of Chinese beads string into a bracelet was also found. The tradeware ceramics found are from China, Thailand, Vietnam, and Malaysia. These ceramics are dated from 13th to 16th centuries CE. From this site, it is observed that the dead are buried near houses and near agricultural lands.
154:. Originally it was a plantation, owned by Warner, Barnes, & Co., an American company. It was first explored by a team led by G.M. Goodall from 1935 to 1936, where they found an early and remarkable Porcelain-Age site. In 1939, a more extensive exploration was done in the area, hoping to retrieve more
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conducted an archaeological impact assessment in 1993. Three more excavations were done during 1999, 2001, and 2002 in the sugarcane plantation of Mr. Nestor Dizon in Sitio Babo
Balukbuk. In the 2002 excavation, the archaeologists were able to map the site with the help of the findings from previous
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A test excavation was conducted in Porac-Gumain River restored the paleo-shoreline at the Lim
Property Site in Purok Israel II, Barangay Remedios, Lubao, Pampanga. It uncovered the earliest directly dated human occupation, about 700–600 years B.P., in the archaeological records. The occupation was
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supports the theory of primeval trade with China that was dated back to the 10th century or even earlier, which earlier Porac artifacts stipulated. There were hundreds of artifacts excavated in the
Balagtas-Capuno property in Guagua. Among them were small blue beads used for trading and coins that
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observed that there were different types of porcelain in
Hacienda Ramona in Porac, Pampanga. Burial jars and ceramic pieces of different shapes and sizes were seen on the site. The burial jars and ceramic pieces are dated from 9th to 12th centuries A.D. (Late Tang to Middle Sung Dynasty), 13th to
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or carbon traces in the outer and inner surface, which implies that they were used for cooking. Several were decorated by carving, combing, incising, impressing and multiple combinations. The most usual design is the incision of lines below the rim or neck area of the pot. Furthermore, Dr.
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sherds, 29 blue and white porcelain sherds, an undefined porcelain sherds, 5 black glazed stoneware sherds, a metal tool fragment, a worked Bovid bone, several worked fragments of Sus bone, and at least one small (about 10mm long) charred wood fragment.
208:, specifically) which was thought to be associated with the artifacts found in the nearby site. However, upon analysis, the artifact was dated to the Late Neolithic period, making it the first evidence of Neolithic occupation in the province.
97:
On the other hand, Chinese junks were flat-bottomed in order to navigate shallow waters without getting damaged. During the
Spanish regime, these junks were used as carriers to transport goods from Pampanga, and then to be sold along the
201:, were found a few kilometers southeast of the hacienda by Herman Costenoble in 1941. Upon examination, both sites were categorized as of early Porcelain-Age sites, yielding almost similar artifacts to those discovered in the hacienda.
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and whatnot, along with skilled labors formed the industry. The adze proves a boatbuilding society and trading economy along the
Pampanga River and Manila Bay. Additionally, the territory covers the largest shallow swamp in Luzon.
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period. The age and order of the sites were identified mostly because of the patterns and motifs embedded in the porcelains (since every
Chinese dynasty has its own unique way of designing the pottery within its era).
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was founded in 1575 from an already established settlement called
Candawe. It is one of the oldest communities in pre-Hispanic times, and was settled even before the first Spanish conqueror took control of the town.
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and a brown stoneware jarlet, were also obtained. Nuts, plant remains and wood fragments were also obtained through wet flotation method. Animal bones and teeth were also present. Lastly, features such as
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Apart from this, the only other records in Lubao was a survey that disclosed a late
Chinese tradeware. As a matter of fact, the 2005 excavation marks the first settlement that was excavated in the area.
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in 1960, excavated
Balukbuk, Hacienda Dolores in Porac, Pampanga. He found habitation and burial sites. The artifacts found are earthenware sherds, 7 metal implements, 13 metal tools (not considered as
54:
The original Kapampangan region was ten times larger than the present borders shown on the map. 35,000 years ago Neolithic is from 12,000 BP only. Candaba adze ax is estimated at 3,000BP only(
94:. These boats were light and crescent-shaped. Due to these features, boats were known to be swift and easy to maneuver especially on the cunning waves of the old Pampanga River.
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Human Occupation of Pampanga's Coastal Lowlands: Implications of the Effects of Post-Depositional Processes on Artefacts and Sediments from Lubao, Pampanga (Philippines)
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and smaller ceramic pieces of various shapes and sizes. Sadly, only few of these artifacts were preserved – most of them were either lost or destroyed during the war.
265:, arm bones and votive elements like bracelets and tradeware were present in the matrix, implying that the site of excavation was a burial site. There was absence of
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Another interesting site was found near the hacienda, in one of the agricultural fields of Porac. Archaeologists found a slightly trapezoidal remnant of a tool (a
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The Hacienda Ramona site is of great relevance in reconstructing the area's earlier times. Since the site is large, it provided many artifacts such as jars,
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365:. It is believed to have been founded by Malays, and was once governed by a native chief, assisted by the council of elders. The town got its name from “
537:
476:"How old is the Babo Balukbuk Site? The Use of Tradeware Ceramics and Radiocarbon Dating in Identifying the Age of Porac, Pampanga, Philippines"
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uncovered in Candaba, Pampanga (currently in the National Museum) was discovered during the 1930s. This artifact was used as a tool in making
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were also able to identify three periods of inhabitation within the site. They discovered an extensive burial area dated from the Late
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449:
404:
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Besides the Hacienda Ramona site, other sites have also been unearthed within the town of Porac. Two sites, both formerly
169:, and bowls. This is important, since it establishes the fact that the early Pampangueῆos already had a fixed and thriven
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Pampanga is among the earliest provinces which underwent through scientific archaeological research. As early as the
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from the site. The team, which includes E.D. Hester, George Woods, and Herman Costenoble, found a large quantity of
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14th centuries A.D. (Late Sung to Yuan Dynasty) and 14th to 15th centuries A.D. (beginning of the Ming Dynasty).
305:. Moreover, Chinese plates and cookware were found by archaeologists in burial sites in Porac and Guagua towns.
138:, there have been several ventures by different groups of scientists, most of which are foreigners. All these
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excavations. Approximately, 85% of the remains found in Babo Balukbuk were earthenware sherds. Some of the
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eruptions dumped lava, ashes, tephra and lahar into the sea, forming the present landmass of the region.
47:, the region includes a total area of approximately 5,900 square miles, mostly composed of lowlands and
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One of the most famous archaeological sites in the province is the Hacienda Ramona site, located near
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is one of the three oldest settlements in Pampanga with advanced culture and civilization in the
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stated that some of the sherds have rice impressions, suggesting that rice was used as a temper.
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The materials that were excavated and recorded were composed of 223 earthenware sherds, 4
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aimed to give contributions in understanding the history of the said province as a whole.
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due to the acid content of the matrix, resulting to a complicated grave identification.
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Besides the artifacts mentioned above, mortars, spindle whorls, pestles and polished
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https://fabulouslawyer.wordpress.com/2008/08/25/center-for-kapampangan-studies/
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were unearthed. In addition, Chinese beads from a bracelet, associated with a
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dated using radiocarbon dates from samples in one of the excavation layers.
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and has a total land area of 2,180.70 square kilometers. Together with
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450:"Outline Review of Philippine Archaeology by Islands and Provinces"
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markets. Its five-stage masts provided power to secure the goods.
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arrived in Pampanga, the Kapampangans were expert in constructing
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189:, and a smaller village site dated to the beginning of the
518:, by Bautista, A., Santiago, J., & Dizon, Ph.D., E.
86:, for dwelling, fishing and trading. Moreover, the
349:and agriculture remain as the primary livelihood.
501:(Master’s thesis). University of the Philippines.
185:, a village site dated from the Late Sung to the
130:2,970 Year-old prehistoric tree from Abacan River
122:Shards of Tradeware Ceramics from Porac, Pampanga
516:Impact Assessment Project in Pampanga and Tarlac
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78:. These were made using hardwood, such as
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173:system with the Chinese merchants. The
20:Pampanga's Location in the Philippines
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521:Center for Kapampangan Studies, at
497:Hernandez, Vito Paolo Cruz (2010).
242:National Museum of the Philippines
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457:The Philippine Journal of Science
293:and plough marks were recorded.
437:. Manila: UST Publishing House.
538:Archaeology of the Philippines
405:Archaeology of Porac, Pampanga
333:The affluent accessibility of
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474:Melendres, Rhayan G. (2014).
66:Pre-Spanish to Spanish Period
448:Beyer, Henry Otley (1947).
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435:The Kapampangan Mystique
136:American colonial period
321:A 5,000 year old stone
114:Archaeology of Pampanga
433:Ordoñez, Rudy (2009).
301:was dated back to the
296:Recent excavations in
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369:” meaning “lowland”.
240:Some people from the
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357:Along with Candaba,
29:Central Plain region
543:History of Pampanga
225:Robert Bradford Fox
548:Kapampangan people
400:Kapampangan people
235:mortar and pestles
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215:Henry Otley Beyer
199:sugar plantations
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298:Guagua, Pampanga
267:skeletal remains
27:lies within the
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339:apalit, lanang,
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152:Porac, Pampanga
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313:The town of
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263:teeth enamel
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187:Yuan dynasty
183:Sung dynasty
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60:Mt. Pinatubo
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49:arable areas
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363:archipelago
345:Presently,
231:grave goods
160:burial jars
140:expeditions
70:Before the
37:Nueva Ecija
532:Categories
486:: 106–134.
256:Victor Paz
102:, between
84:baticuling
41:Pangasinan
347:fisheries
283:postholes
211:In 1947,
167:porcelain
156:artifacts
104:Sta. Cruz
76:sailboats
72:Spaniards
553:Pampanga
510:See also
395:Pampanga
389:See also
92:warriors
25:Pampanga
411:Sources
378:celadon
331:bancas.
315:Candaba
309:Candaba
291:middens
287:hearths
100:esteros
88:caracoa
80:apitong
33:Bulacan
335:timber
327:canoes
278:bangle
247:sherds
206:chisel
108:Quiapo
45:Tarlac
480:Hukay
453:(PDF)
359:Lubao
353:Lubao
261:Only
171:trade
146:Porac
367:baba
323:adze
251:soot
249:had
223:Dr.
213:Dr.
191:Ming
179:Tang
106:and
82:and
43:and
329:or
233:),
534::
484:19
482:.
478:.
461:77
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455:.
419:^
289:,
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51:.
39:,
35:,
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