116:: If he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his Objections to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the Objections at large on their Journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such Reconsideration two thirds of that House shall agree to pass the Bill, it shall be sent, together with the Objections, to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two thirds of that House, it shall become a Law. But in all such Cases the Votes of both Houses shall be determined by
128:, or Vote to which the Concurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of Adjournment) shall be presented to the President of the United States; and before the Same shall take Effect, shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the Rules and Limitations prescribed in the Case of a Bill.
120:, and the Names of the Persons voting for and against the Bill shall be entered on the Journal of each House respectively. If any Bill shall not be returned by the President within ten Days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the Same shall be a Law, in like Manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their
282:
Even the
Constitution of the United States, which is supposed to have little touch upon the private life of the individual ... provides in Article I, Section 7, a provision common to many constitutions, that the executive shall have ten days (Sundays excepted) within which to determine whether he
259:
The ten-day period for the presidential review of legislation excludes
Sundays. Some scholars believe this exclusion was not for religious reasons, but intended to support a deliberative process in which the President would consult and seek advice regarding the merits of the proposed law. For
176:, the President does not sign a bill or veto it within 10 days (not counting Sundays) after its presentment, then it automatically becomes law. If a bill is presented on a Monday or Tuesday, the President has 11 real days; otherwise he has 12.
278:, 143 U.S. 457 (1892), cited the Presentment Clause as a clear example of why "no purpose of action against religion can be imputed to any legislation, state or national, because this is a religious people." Specifically, the Court stated:
4963:
4226:
2749:
2781:
183:"—so called because the President is then said to have put the bill in his pocket and forgotten about it—cannot be overridden by Congress, but once Congress reconvenes it can pass the same bill again. In addition, Congressional
4202:
2211:
4399:
1049:
867:
4803:
804:
905:
4755:
3505:
138:
A bill must be passed in identical form by both the House of
Representatives and the Senate. It is common practice for each House to pass its own version of a bill, and then to refer the two versions to a
4971:
1274:
445:"The Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation, Centennial Edition, Interim Edition: Analysis of Cases Decided by the Supreme Court of the United States to June 26, 2013"
283:
will approve or veto a bill. There is no dissonance in these declarations. There is a universal language pervading them all, having one meaning. They affirm and reaffirm that this is a religious nation.
4266:
4136:
1044:
1991:
5115:
5083:
2006:
4763:
877:
761:
561:
493:
179:
If, while
Congress is not in session (adjourned), the President does not sign a bill or veto it within 10 days (not counting Sundays) after its presentment, then it fails to become law. This "
747:
1525:
732:
722:
2920:
4771:
4367:
742:
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3200:
2482:
697:
5872:
5192:
4524:
4234:
3435:
707:
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4843:
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143:, which resolves disagreements between the two versions, and drafts a compromise bill; the compromise bill can then be voted upon and passed by both Houses in identical form.
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617:
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47:
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1450:
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551:
531:
486:
5147:
4851:
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4082:
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1935:
1374:
541:
536:
292:
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5518:
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1359:
1354:
1344:
1324:
1304:
1249:
546:
526:
521:
97:
5632:
4074:
305:, 3 U.S. (3 Dall.) 378 (1798), the Supreme Court affirmed that doing so is not necessary. Consequently, the president has no official function in the process.
5201:
1742:
794:
325:
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4479:
4351:
4319:
4010:
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1455:
1254:
416:
274:
3104:
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2936:
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990:
516:
479:
4391:
4114:
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2426:
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3888:
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1229:
1199:
985:
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5059:
4779:
4533:
3925:
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2685:
1234:
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2434:
1445:
66:
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1535:
1204:
1082:
105:
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4715:
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4343:
4298:
4218:
3008:
2904:
2533:
1757:
847:
842:
769:
238:
3811:
4597:
4511:
4210:
4144:
3933:
3787:
3779:
3152:
2864:
2693:
2645:
2039:
1490:
1284:
5209:
5155:
4431:
4258:
3965:
3908:
3340:
2669:
1866:
1485:
1077:
5019:
4503:
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4274:
3112:
3096:
2701:
2661:
2613:
2203:
2142:
2089:
2048:
1122:
264:
of various states restricted travel on
Sundays, to allow a full ten days of consideration between the President and his advisors, the
208:
43:
5672:
4995:
4867:
4707:
4058:
4042:
3896:
3048:
3000:
2888:
2765:
1465:
827:
502:
313:
5840:
5035:
4947:
4723:
4573:
2637:
2621:
2597:
1970:
1965:
1309:
5453:
4581:
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4173:
2589:
2557:
2264:
1314:
1299:
156:
it, then he must return the bill, along with a veto message (his objections), back to the House in which the bill was created.
3427:
5664:
3630:
3208:
2573:
2442:
1721:
321:
299:
proposing a constitutional amendment be presented to the president for approval or veto before it goes out to the states. In
113:
3040:
356:
5656:
5568:
4156:
3949:
3855:
3328:
2805:
2317:
1435:
1024:
295:
of the
Constitution, which prescribes the process whereby the Constitution may be altered, contains no requirement that a
163:, and the bill will become law without the President's signature. In overriding a veto, the votes of both houses must be
5742:
4415:
3419:
3056:
2605:
1985:
1783:
1214:
1087:
892:
774:
574:
35:
5242:
5011:
4335:
3819:
2960:
2733:
2365:
1999:
1903:
1861:
1856:
1259:
945:
910:
213:
5640:
5295:
4787:
3176:
2725:
2629:
2541:
2386:
1953:
1400:
1369:
1219:
1092:
857:
852:
222:
62:
167:(also known as a "roll-call" vote), and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill must be recorded.
5784:
5776:
5287:
4629:
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3136:
3032:
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2418:
1701:
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935:
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301:
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4811:
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1670:
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1404:
1264:
1029:
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81:
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383:
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4002:
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2516:
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2450:
2402:
2272:
2240:
1460:
1408:
1334:
1162:
1039:
1034:
970:
940:
882:
265:
5816:
5608:
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4819:
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4018:
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3465:
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1623:
1495:
1142:
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77:
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1209:
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1008:
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784:
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444:
5824:
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4859:
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3755:
3622:
3473:
2466:
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1975:
1530:
1244:
1239:
1194:
1167:
1117:
862:
360:
109:
5808:
5541:
5485:
5461:
4731:
3739:
3723:
3707:
3558:
3457:
3064:
2928:
2134:
2025:
1958:
1747:
1475:
1339:
1127:
1072:
975:
832:
466:
269:
173:
73:
5531:
5445:
5437:
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4026:
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3497:
3481:
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3016:
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2293:
1660:
1644:
1505:
1319:
1279:
1189:
1157:
1147:
1107:
1097:
5734:
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4541:
4290:
3659:
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3534:
3411:
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3192:
2952:
2773:
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2097:
1980:
1726:
1711:
1691:
1565:
1440:
1419:
1183:
995:
822:
337:
218:
5560:
5429:
5335:
5051:
4907:
4875:
4359:
3667:
3550:
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3290:
2896:
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2410:
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2187:
1602:
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1152:
1137:
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296:
125:
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5514:
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3120:
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2717:
2503:
2219:
2150:
1887:
1835:
1716:
1675:
1586:
1510:
1414:
1396:
1132:
1102:
960:
146:
After a bill passes both Houses, it must be presented to the
President for his approval.
2017:
29:
United States
Constitutional clause governing how bills are passed into laws by Congress
5696:
5624:
5477:
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4090:
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3566:
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3320:
3160:
2195:
1825:
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1752:
1696:
1665:
1480:
226:
320:
provides that whenever a bill becomes law or takes effect, it will be received by the
5861:
5616:
5351:
4613:
4126:
3747:
3614:
3447:
3349:
2081:
1930:
1851:
1809:
1778:
1706:
1628:
1500:
1470:
1386:
1289:
1000:
955:
164:
160:
117:
85:
471:
5493:
4282:
248:
17:
421:
317:
3257:
1882:
1762:
180:
121:
69:
4185:
2880:
1607:
1391:
39:
4964:
Florida
Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board v. College Savings Bank
4227:
College
Savings Bank v. Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board
1515:
186:
4203:
San Francisco Arts & Athletics, Inc. v. United States Olympic Committee
2750:
Oregon Waste Systems, Inc. v. Department of Environmental Quality of Oregon
149:
If the President approves the bill and signs it, then the bill becomes law.
2212:
Arizona State Legislature v. Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission
261:
2782:
United Haulers Ass'n v. Oneida-Herkimer Solid Waste Management Authority
1550:
980:
450:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 2013. p. 989
268:
of the Constitution excluded Sundays from the review period. However,
124:
prevent its Return, in which Case it shall not be a Law. Every Order,
4804:
Walker Process Equipment, Inc. v. Food Machinery & Chemical Corp.
4400:
Quality King Distributors Inc., v. L'anza Research International Inc.
3105:
Hodel v. Virginia Surface Mining & Reclamation Association, Inc.
4756:
Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co. v. Supermarket Equipment Corp.
3506:
Consolidated Safety-Valve Co. v. Crosby Steam Gauge & Valve Co.
48:
Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution § Grand jury
153:
5761:
5719:
5512:
5394:
5314:
5240:
4972:
J. E. M. Ag Supply, Inc. v. Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc.
3288:
3231:
2501:
2384:
2336:
2291:
2238:
2169:
2116:
2063:
2021:
475:
247:, 462 U.S. 919 (1983), as violating the Presentment Clause and
4267:
Lexmark International, Inc. v. Static Control Components, Inc.
4137:
Motion Picture Patents Co. v. Universal Film Manufacturing Co.
4764:
Graver Tank & Manufacturing Co. v. Linde Air Products Co.
5116:
Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc.
5084:
Mayo Collaborative Services v. Prometheus Laboratories, Inc.
2921:
Houston East & West Texas Railway Co. v. United States
4772:
Aro Manufacturing Co. v. Convertible Top Replacement Co.
4368:
Feist Publications, Inc., v. Rural Telephone Service Co.
5809:
Northeast Bancorp v. Federal Reserve Board of Governors
3201:
National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius
2550:
Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway Co. v. Illinois
2483:
National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius
4235:
Cooper Industries, Inc. v. Leatherman Tool Group, Inc.
3436:
General Talking Pictures Corp. v. Western Electric Co.
4488:
Fourth Estate Public Benefit Corp. v. Wall-Street.com
4328:
Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc.
3404:
Hollister v. Benedict & Burnham Manufacturing Co.
2654:
Hunt v. Washington State Apple Advertising Commission
328:
to maintain records of and publish the enacted laws.
260:
instance, Jaynie Randall has stated that because the
112:, shall, before it become a Law, be presented to the
5068:
Stanford University v. Roche Molecular Systems, Inc.
4654:
Fortnightly Corp. v. United Artists Television, Inc.
4195:
Inwood Laboratories, Inc. v. Ives Laboratories, Inc.
3490:
City of Elizabeth v. American Nicholson Pavement Co.
3129:
Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority
2814:
Tennessee Wine and Spirits Retailers Assn. v. Thomas
5552:
5529:
5190:
4980:
Festo Corp. v. Shoketsu Kinzoku Kogyo Kabushiki Co.
4844:
Anderson's-Black Rock, Inc. v. Pavement Salvage Co.
4688:
4522:
4309:
4184:
4155:
4125:
3992:
3907:
3854:
3649:
3524:
3446:
3384:
3339:
3302:
3245:
2832:
2515:
1944:
1916:
1896:
1875:
1844:
1818:
1797:
1771:
1735:
1684:
1653:
1637:
1616:
1595:
1574:
1558:
1549:
1428:
1058:
923:
803:
760:
685:
657:
636:
573:
560:
509:
357:"Democrats say Bush can't pocket veto defense bill"
4700:Continental Paper Bag Co. v. Eastern Paper Bag Co.
4550:Order of St. Benedict of New Jersey v. Steinhauser
2710:South-Central Timber Development, Inc. v. Wunnicke
1925:Notes of Debates in the Federal Convention of 1787
5360:Immigration and Naturalization Service v. St. Cyr
5004:Illinois Tool Works Inc. v. Independent Ink, Inc.
4940:Warner-Jenkinson Co. v. Hilton Davis Chemical Co.
4740:Sinclair & Carroll Co. v. Interchemical Corp.
4243:TrafFix Devices, Inc. v. Marketing Displays, Inc.
3025:United States v. South-Eastern Underwriters Ass'n
5376:Department of Homeland Security v. Thuraissigiam
5218:Patent and Trademark Office v. Booking.com B. V.
5172:TC Heartland LLC v. Kraft Foods Group Brands LLC
4251:Dastar Corp. v. Twentieth Century Fox Film Corp.
3796:United Dictionary Co. v. G. & C. Merriam Co.
2798:Comptroller of the Treasury of Maryland v. Wynne
2702:White v. Mass. Council of Construction Employers
2358:Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Chadha
244:Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Chadha
5673:Energy Reserves Group v. Kansas P. & L. Co.
5140:Akamai Techs., Inc. v. Limelight Networks, Inc.
4916:Bonito Boats, Inc. v. Thunder Craft Boats, Inc.
4472:American Broadcasting Cos., Inc. v. Aereo, Inc.
2945:A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States
280:
102:
5689:Keystone Bituminous Coal Ass'n v. DeBenedictis
5148:Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. v. Sandoz, Inc.
4852:Zenith Radio Corp. v. Hazeltine Research, Inc.
4638:Miller Music Corp. v. Charles N. Daniels, Inc.
4558:International News Service v. Associated Press
4083:F. W. Woolworth Co. v. Contemporary Arts, Inc.
4075:Fred Fisher Music Co. v. M. Witmark & Sons
3942:White-Smith Music Publishing Co. v. Apollo Co.
3804:White-Smith Music Publishing Co. v. Apollo Co.
1936:Bibliography of the United States Constitution
467:U.S. Senate: Constitution of the United States
191:sessions may be used to prevent pocket vetoes.
96:The Presentment Clause, which is contained in
5873:Article One of the United States Constitution
5202:G. & C. Merriam Co. v. Syndicate Pub. Co.
5044:Quanta Computer, Inc. v. LG Electronics, Inc.
4566:L. A. Westermann Co. v. Dispatch Printing Co.
4408:Feltner v. Columbia Pictures Television, Inc.
3073:Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States
2033:
487:
42:proceedings ("presentment or indictment") in
8:
4166:Fashion Originators' Guild of America v. FTC
4011:DeJonge and Co. v. Breuker & Kessler Co.
3881:Fashion Originators' Guild of America v. FTC
326:National Archives and Records Administration
272:, speaking for a unanimous Supreme Court in
5633:Home Building & Loan Ass'n v. Blaisdell
4670:Teleprompter Corp. v. Columbia Broadcasting
4480:Star Athletica, LLC v. Varsity Brands, Inc.
4352:Community for Creative Non-Violence v. Reid
4320:Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting Co.
4115:Williams & Wilkins Co. v. United States
2993:McGoldrick v. Berwind-White Coal Mining Co.
2758:C&A Carbone, Inc. v. Town of Clarkstown
417:Church of the Holy Trinity v. United States
275:Church of the Holy Trinity v. United States
5758:
5716:
5526:
5509:
5391:
5311:
5237:
4988:Merck KGaA v. Integra Lifesciences I, Ltd.
3299:
3285:
3242:
3228:
2937:Board of Trade of City of Chicago v. Olsen
2790:Department of Revenue of Kentucky v. Davis
2512:
2498:
2381:
2333:
2288:
2235:
2166:
2113:
2060:
2040:
2026:
2018:
1555:
570:
566:
494:
480:
472:
152:If the President disapproves the bill and
5868:Clauses of the United States Constitution
4748:Funk Bros. Seed Co. v. Kalo Inoculant Co.
4646:Pub. Affairs Associates, Inc. v. Rickover
3926:McLoughlin v. Raphael Tuck & Sons Co.
3889:United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc.
3873:Interstate Circuit, Inc. v. United States
3865:Straus v. American Publishers Association
3772:McLoughlin v. Raphael Tuck & Sons Co.
159:A two-thirds majority of both Houses may
5060:Global-Tech Appliances, Inc. v. SEB S.A.
4780:Compco Corp. v. Day-Brite Lighting, Inc.
4534:American Lithographic Co. v. Werkmeister
4456:Kirtsaeng v. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
3764:Bleistein v. Donaldson Lithographing Co.
2977:NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp.
2686:Kassel v. Consolidated Freightways Corp.
2427:Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.
1992:Scene at the Signing of the Constitution
100:, Section 7, Clauses 2 and 3, provides:
5665:Allied Structural Steel Co. v. Spannaus
5076:Microsoft Corp. v. i4i Ltd. Partnership
4392:Lotus Dev. Corp. v. Borland Int'l, Inc.
4107:Sears, Roebuck & Co. v. Stiffel Co.
4067:Sheldon v. Metro-Goldwyn Pictures Corp.
3692:Burrow-Giles Lithographic Co. v. Sarony
2822:National Pork Producers Council v. Ross
2742:Chemical Waste Management, Inc. v. Hunt
2566:George W. Bush & Sons Co. v. Malloy
2435:Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad Co.
348:
104:Every Bill which shall have passed the
5028:KSR International Co. v. Teleflex Inc.
4924:Eli Lilly & Co. v. Medtronic, Inc.
4678:Twentieth Century Music Corp. v. Aiken
4344:Harper & Row v. Nation Enterprises
2985:United States v. Carolene Products Co.
217:, 524 U.S. 417 (1998), struck down as
5833:Polar Tankers, Inc. v. City of Valdez
5593:Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge
5164:Apple Inc. v. Samsung Electronics Co.
5132:Alice Corp. v. CLS Bank International
4932:Markman v. Westview Instruments, Inc.
4716:United States v. General Electric Co.
4496:Rimini Street Inc. v. Oracle USA Inc.
4464:Petrella v. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Inc.
4299:Romag Fasteners, Inc. v. Fossil, Inc.
4219:Qualitex Co. v. Jacobson Products Co.
3009:United States v. Wrightwood Dairy Co.
2905:Southern Railway Co. v. United States
2534:Willson v. Black-Bird Creek Marsh Co.
2119:Qualifications Clauses of Sections II
59:Article I, Section 7, Clauses 2 and 3
7:
5657:U.S. Trust Co. of N.Y. v. New Jersey
4598:George v. Victor Talking Machine Co.
4512:Georgia v. Public.Resource.Org, Inc.
4211:Two Pesos, Inc. v. Taco Cabana, Inc.
4145:Morton Salt Co. v. G.S. Suppiger Co.
3934:American Tobacco Co. v. Werckmeister
3788:Werckmeister v. American Tobacco Co.
3780:American Tobacco Co. v. Werckmeister
3153:Seminole Tribe of Florida v. Florida
2865:Cooper Manufacturing Co. v. Ferguson
2694:Sporhase v. Nebraska ex rel. Douglas
2646:Complete Auto Transit, Inc. v. Brady
324:from the President. This allows the
38:provision guaranteeing the right to
5210:Kellogg Co. v. National Biscuit Co.
5156:Kimble v. Marvel Entertainment, LLC
4432:MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd.
4259:Moseley v. V Secret Catalogue, Inc.
3966:Caliga v. Inter Ocean Newspaper Co.
3909:International Copyright Act of 1891
2670:Exxon Corp. v. Governor of Maryland
1959:Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom
1486:Incorporation of the Bill of Rights
5020:MedImmune, Inc. v. Genentech, Inc.
4384:Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc.
4275:POM Wonderful LLC v. Coca-Cola Co.
3113:Commonwealth Edison Co. v. Montana
3097:National League of Cities v. Usery
2662:City of Philadelphia v. New Jersey
2614:Bibb v. Navajo Freight Lines, Inc.
2204:U.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Thornton
2143:U.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Thornton
2090:Department of Commerce v. New York
1050:Drafting and ratification timeline
795:District of Columbia Voting Rights
25:
5036:Microsoft Corp. v. AT&T Corp.
4996:eBay Inc. v. MercExchange, L.L.C.
4868:United States v. Glaxo Group Ltd.
4708:Minerals Separation, Ltd. v. Hyde
4059:Washingtonian Pub. Co. v. Pearson
4043:Buck v. Jewell-LaSalle Realty Co.
3897:Broadcast Music, Inc. v. CBS Inc.
3001:United States v. Darby Lumber Co.
2889:United States v. E. C. Knight Co.
2766:West Lynn Creamery, Inc. v. Healy
503:Constitution of the United States
237:The Supreme Court also found the
229:violated the Presentment Clause.
5841:Texas v. New Mexico and Colorado
4948:Pfaff v. Wells Electronics, Inc.
4724:United States v. Univis Lens Co.
4574:Lumiere v. Mae Edna Wilder, Inc.
2638:Hughes v. Alexandria Scrap Corp.
2622:National Bellas Hess v. Illinois
2598:Dean Milk Co. v. City of Madison
2558:Swift & Co. v. United States
906:Convention to propose amendments
5454:Garner v. Board of Public Works
4582:Educational Films Corp. v. Ward
4440:Reed Elsevier, Inc. v. Muchnick
3812:Dun v. Lumbermen's Credit Ass'n
3041:H.P. Hood & Sons v. Du Mond
2590:Southern Pacific Co. v. Arizona
3631:Mifflin v. R. H. White Company
2574:Baldwin v. G.A.F. Seelig, Inc.
2443:Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Co.
1521:Separation of church and state
322:Archivist of the United States
114:President of the United States
1:
5641:W.B. Worthen Co. v. Kavanaugh
5569:Dartmouth College v. Woodward
4157:Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914
3950:Globe Newspaper Co. v. Walker
3856:Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890
3428:Bauer & Cie. v. O'Donnell
3329:Globe Newspaper Co. v. Walker
2806:South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc.
2726:Healy v. Beer Institute, Inc.
2318:United States v. Munoz-Flores
1025:Virginia Ratifying Convention
172:If, while the Congress is in
5743:Canton Railroad Co. v. Rogan
4416:New York Times Co. v. Tasini
3420:Schillinger v. United States
3057:Canton Railroad Co. v. Rogan
2606:Miller Bros. Co. v. Maryland
1986:National Constitution Center
1784:Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer
1083:Assemble and Petition Clause
5243:Necessary and Proper Clause
5012:LabCorp v. Metabolite, Inc.
4336:Mills Music, Inc. v. Snyder
3820:Bobbs-Merrill Co. v. Straus
2961:Panama Refining Co. v. Ryan
2734:Quill Corp. v. North Dakota
2366:Clinton v. City of New York
1857:Charles Cotesworth Pinckney
911:State ratifying conventions
848:Equal Opportunity to Govern
843:Electoral College abolition
770:Congressional Apportionment
214:Clinton v. City of New York
5889:
5649:City of El Paso v. Simmons
5296:United States v. Kebodeaux
4788:Wilbur-Ellis Co. v. Kuther
3049:Henderson v. United States
2630:Pike v. Bruce Church, Inc.
2542:Cooley v. Board of Wardens
2387:Taxing and Spending Clause
432:Church of the Holy Trinity
420:, 143 U.S. 457, 465 (1892)
223:Line Item Veto Act of 1996
63:United States Constitution
33:
5785:Virginia v. West Virginia
5771:
5757:
5729:
5715:
5525:
5508:
5408:
5397:No Bills of Attainder or
5390:
5330:
5310:
5288:United States v. Comstock
5250:
5236:
4630:Commissioner v. Wodehouse
4035:Fox Film Corp. v. Knowles
3982:Kalem Co. v. Harper Bros.
3298:
3284:
3241:
3227:
3185:United States v. Morrison
3137:New York v. United States
3033:North American Co. v. SEC
2969:Carter v. Carter Coal Co.
2511:
2497:
2419:Springer v. United States
2397:
2380:
2346:
2332:
2304:
2287:
2251:
2234:
2182:
2165:
2129:
2112:
2076:
2059:
1310:Privileges and Immunities
1123:Congressional enforcement
1045:Rhode Island ratification
936:Articles of Confederation
901:
878:Parental Rights amendment
569:
302:Hollingsworth v. Virginia
288:Constitutional amendments
5577:Sturges v. Crowninshield
5470:Barr v. City of Columbia
5422:Sturges v. Crowninshield
5180:Peter v. NantKwest, Inc.
4812:Graham v. John Deere Co.
4606:KVOS v. Associated Press
4376:Fogerty v. Fantasy, Inc.
4174:Dowling v. United States
3958:Bong v. Campbell Art Co.
3918:Press Pub. Co. v. Monroe
3836:Bong v. Campbell Art Co.
2310:Flint v. Stone Tracy Co.
2265:United States v. Johnson
1541:Unitary executive theory
1315:Privileges or Immunities
1030:New York Circular Letter
1020:Massachusetts Compromise
382:Randall, Jaynie (2008).
106:House of Representatives
5681:Exxon Corp. v. Eagerton
4884:Sakraida v. Ag Pro Inc.
4662:Goldstein v. California
4590:Fox Film Corp. v. Doyal
4003:Hills and Co. v. Hoover
3974:Hills and Co. v. Hoover
3209:Taylor v. United States
2517:Dormant Commerce Clause
2451:United States v. Butler
2403:Hylton v. United States
2273:Gravel v. United States
2241:Speech or Debate Clause
1461:Dormant Commerce Clause
1305:Presidential succession
1040:Fayetteville Convention
1035:Hillsborough Convention
971:Three-fifths Compromise
951:Philadelphia Convention
941:Mount Vernon Conference
828:Campaign finance reform
165:done by "yeas and nays"
5817:New Jersey v. New York
5272:Sabri v. United States
5100:Bowman v. Monsanto Co.
4900:Diamond v. Chakrabarty
4820:United States v. Adams
4099:De Sylva v. Ballentine
4019:Herbert v. Shanley Co.
3844:Henry v. A.B. Dick Co.
3684:Schreiber v. Sharpless
3466:Hotchkiss v. Greenwood
3177:Jones v. United States
3169:United States v. Locke
3145:United States v. Lopez
2475:Sabri v. United States
1624:William Samuel Johnson
1496:Nondelegation doctrine
1068:Admission to the Union
1015:Anti-Federalist Papers
966:Connecticut Compromise
285:
130:
44:federal criminal cases
5793:Virginia v. Tennessee
5256:McCulloch v. Maryland
4311:Copyright Act of 1976
4051:Douglas v. Cunningham
3994:Copyright Act of 1909
3700:Thornton v. Schreiber
3651:Copyright Act of 1870
3526:Copyright Act of 1831
3304:Copyright Act of 1790
3266:Juilliard v. Greenman
3081:Katzenbach v. McClung
2913:Hoke v. United States
2678:Reeves, Inc. v. Stake
2582:Edwards v. California
1831:Richard Dobbs Spaight
1300:Presidential Electors
1275:Original Jurisdiction
1215:Full Faith and Credit
1088:Assistance of Counsel
1009:The Federalist Papers
838:Crittenden Compromise
5825:Virginia v. Maryland
5722:Import-Export Clause
5609:Stone v. Mississippi
5264:Lambert v. Yellowley
5124:FTC v. Actavis, Inc.
4860:Gottschalk v. Benson
4836:Lear, Inc. v. Adkins
4796:Brulotte v. Thys Co.
3756:Bolles v. Outing Co.
3623:Bolles v. Outing Co.
2467:South Dakota v. Dole
2257:Kilbourn v. Thompson
2000:A More Perfect Union
1976:Constitution Gardens
1897:Convention Secretary
1559:Convention President
1531:Symmetric federalism
1526:Separation of powers
1260:Necessary and Proper
1255:Natural-born citizen
1200:Freedom of the Press
1138:Copyright and Patent
1128:Contingent Elections
946:Annapolis Convention
255:Exclusion of Sundays
241:unconstitutional in
141:conference committee
5542:Hepburn v. Griswold
5486:Kansas v. Hendricks
5462:De Veau v. Braisted
4732:Altvater v. Freeman
3740:Belford v. Scribner
3724:Thompson v. Hubbard
3708:Banks v. Manchester
3559:Stevens v. Gladding
3458:Pennock v. Dialogue
3386:Patent infringement
3065:Boynton v. Virginia
2929:Hammer v. Dagenhart
2135:Powell v. McCormack
2007:Worldwide influence
1748:Gunning Bedford Jr.
1476:Executive privilege
1456:Criminal sentencing
1379:Title of Nobility (
1370:Taxing and Spending
1270:Oath or Affirmation
1230:House Apportionment
1093:Case or Controversy
976:Committee of Detail
868:"Liberty" amendment
833:Christian amendment
225:, holding that the
72:procedure by which
18:Presentation Clause
5777:Florida v. Georgia
5532:Legal Tender Cases
5446:Samuels v. McCurdy
5438:Hawker v. New York
5368:Boumediene v. Bush
4956:Dickinson v. Zurko
4424:Eldred v. Ashcroft
4027:Manners v. Morosco
3828:Scribner v. Straus
3732:Higgins v. Keuffel
3716:Callaghan v. Myers
3599:Higgins v. Keuffel
3591:Callaghan v. Myers
3498:Egbert v. Lippmann
3482:Cochrane v. Deener
3341:Patent Act of 1793
3248:Legal Tender Cases
3017:Wickard v. Filburn
2459:Helvering v. Davis
2339:Presentment Clause
2294:Origination Clause
2066:Enumeration Clause
2049:U.S. Supreme Court
1661:William Livingston
1645:Alexander Hamilton
1451:Criminal procedure
1446:Constitutional law
1381:Foreign Emoluments
1345:State of the Union
1330:Self-Incrimination
1320:Recess appointment
1113:Compulsory Process
775:Titles of Nobility
434:, 143 U.S. at 470.
391:Alabama Law Review
384:"Sundays Excepted"
55:Presentment Clause
5855:
5854:
5851:
5850:
5753:
5752:
5735:Brown v. Maryland
5711:
5710:
5707:
5706:
5601:Bronson v. Kinzie
5585:Ogden v. Saunders
5504:
5503:
5386:
5385:
5344:Ex parte Merryman
5320:Suspension Clause
5306:
5305:
5280:Gonzales v. Raich
5232:
5231:
5228:
5227:
4828:Brenner v. Manson
4622:Buck v. Gallagher
4542:Ferris v. Frohman
4291:Iancu v. Brunetti
3660:Perris v. Hexamer
3639:Mifflin v. Dutton
3535:Wheaton v. Peters
3474:O'Reilly v. Morse
3412:Rowell v. Lindsay
3313:Wheaton v. Peters
3280:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3223:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3193:Gonzales v. Raich
3089:Maryland v. Wirtz
2953:Gold Clause Cases
2774:Granholm v. Heald
2526:Brown v. Maryland
2493:
2492:
2376:
2375:
2328:
2327:
2283:
2282:
2230:
2229:
2161:
2160:
2108:
2107:
2098:Trump v. New York
2015:
2014:
1981:Constitution Week
1966:Independence Mall
1954:National Archives
1912:
1911:
1727:Gouverneur Morris
1712:Thomas Fitzsimons
1692:Benjamin Franklin
1566:George Washington
1466:Enumerated powers
1441:Concurrent powers
1436:Balance of powers
1265:No Religious Test
1205:Freedom of Speech
996:Independence Hall
919:
918:
823:Bricker amendment
756:
755:
363:. January 2, 2008
338:Signing statement
309:National Archives
161:override the veto
16:(Redirected from
5880:
5759:
5717:
5561:Fletcher v. Peck
5527:
5510:
5430:Ex parte Garland
5392:
5336:Ex parte Bollman
5312:
5238:
5052:Bilski v. Kappos
4908:Diamond v. Diehr
4876:Dann v. Johnston
4360:Stewart v. Abend
3668:Trade-Mark Cases
3551:Stephens v. Cady
3374:Evans v. Hettich
3300:
3291:Copyright Clause
3286:
3243:
3229:
2897:Champion v. Ames
2857:Paul v. Virginia
2841:Gibbons v. Ogden
2513:
2499:
2411:Collector v. Day
2382:
2351:Pocket Veto Case
2334:
2289:
2236:
2188:Ex parte Siebold
2172:Elections Clause
2167:
2114:
2061:
2042:
2035:
2028:
2019:
1971:Constitution Day
1862:Charles Pinckney
1671:William Paterson
1603:Nathaniel Gorham
1556:
1335:Speech or Debate
1163:Equal Protection
873:Ludlow amendment
858:Flag Desecration
853:Federal Marriage
818:Blaine amendment
780:Corwin Amendment
571:
567:
496:
489:
482:
473:
460:
459:
457:
455:
449:
441:
435:
429:
423:
413:
407:
406:
404:
402:
397:(2): 507, 514–23
388:
379:
373:
372:
370:
368:
353:
297:joint resolution
239:legislative veto
233:Legislative veto
219:unconstitutional
21:
5888:
5887:
5883:
5882:
5881:
5879:
5878:
5877:
5858:
5857:
5856:
5847:
5801:Wharton v. Wise
5767:
5749:
5725:
5703:
5548:
5521:
5515:Contract Clause
5500:
5404:
5382:
5326:
5302:
5246:
5245:of Section VIII
5224:
5193:trademark cases
5186:
5092:Kappos v. Hyatt
4892:Parker v. Flook
4684:
4525:copyright cases
4518:
4504:Allen v. Cooper
4448:Golan v. Holder
4305:
4180:
4151:
4121:
3988:
3903:
3850:
3676:Merrell v. Tice
3645:
3607:Holmes v. Hurst
3583:Baker v. Selden
3543:Backus v. Gould
3520:
3442:
3396:Evans v. Jordan
3380:
3335:
3294:
3293:of Section VIII
3272:
3237:
3236:of Section VIII
3215:
3121:EEOC v. Wyoming
2873:Kidd v. Pearson
2849:Passenger Cases
2828:
2718:Maine v. Taylor
2507:
2506:of Section VIII
2504:Commerce Clause
2489:
2393:
2372:
2342:
2324:
2300:
2279:
2247:
2226:
2220:Moore v. Harper
2178:
2157:
2151:Cook v. Gralike
2125:
2104:
2072:
2055:
2046:
2016:
2011:
1946:
1940:
1908:
1904:William Jackson
1892:
1888:Abraham Baldwin
1871:
1840:
1836:Hugh Williamson
1814:
1793:
1767:
1758:Richard Bassett
1731:
1717:Jared Ingersoll
1680:
1676:Jonathan Dayton
1649:
1633:
1612:
1591:
1587:Nicholas Gilman
1570:
1545:
1511:Reserved powers
1491:Judicial review
1424:
1220:General Welfare
1143:Double Jeopardy
1054:
981:List of Framers
961:New Jersey Plan
915:
897:
893:Victims' Rights
813:Balanced budget
799:
752:
681:
653:
632:
556:
505:
500:
463:
453:
451:
447:
443:
442:
438:
430:
426:
414:
410:
400:
398:
386:
381:
380:
376:
366:
364:
355:
354:
350:
346:
334:
311:
290:
257:
235:
205:
200:
135:
94:
76:originating in
51:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5886:
5884:
5876:
5875:
5870:
5860:
5859:
5853:
5852:
5849:
5848:
5846:
5845:
5837:
5829:
5821:
5813:
5805:
5797:
5789:
5781:
5772:
5769:
5768:
5764:Compact Clause
5762:
5755:
5754:
5751:
5750:
5748:
5747:
5739:
5730:
5727:
5726:
5720:
5713:
5712:
5709:
5708:
5705:
5704:
5702:
5701:
5697:Sveen v. Melin
5693:
5685:
5677:
5669:
5661:
5653:
5645:
5637:
5629:
5625:Block v. Hirsh
5621:
5613:
5605:
5597:
5589:
5581:
5573:
5565:
5556:
5554:
5550:
5549:
5547:
5546:
5537:
5535:
5523:
5522:
5513:
5506:
5505:
5502:
5501:
5499:
5498:
5490:
5482:
5478:Teague v. Lane
5474:
5466:
5458:
5450:
5442:
5434:
5426:
5418:
5414:Calder v. Bull
5409:
5406:
5405:
5395:
5388:
5387:
5384:
5383:
5381:
5380:
5372:
5364:
5356:
5348:
5340:
5331:
5328:
5327:
5315:
5308:
5307:
5304:
5303:
5301:
5300:
5292:
5284:
5276:
5268:
5260:
5251:
5248:
5247:
5241:
5234:
5233:
5230:
5229:
5226:
5225:
5223:
5222:
5214:
5206:
5197:
5195:
5188:
5187:
5185:
5184:
5176:
5168:
5160:
5152:
5144:
5136:
5128:
5120:
5112:
5108:Gunn v. Minton
5104:
5096:
5088:
5080:
5072:
5064:
5056:
5048:
5040:
5032:
5024:
5016:
5008:
5000:
4992:
4984:
4976:
4968:
4960:
4952:
4944:
4936:
4928:
4920:
4912:
4904:
4896:
4888:
4880:
4872:
4864:
4856:
4848:
4840:
4832:
4824:
4816:
4808:
4800:
4792:
4784:
4776:
4768:
4760:
4752:
4744:
4736:
4728:
4720:
4712:
4704:
4695:
4693:
4686:
4685:
4683:
4682:
4674:
4666:
4658:
4650:
4642:
4634:
4626:
4618:
4610:
4602:
4594:
4586:
4578:
4570:
4562:
4554:
4546:
4538:
4529:
4527:
4520:
4519:
4517:
4516:
4508:
4500:
4492:
4484:
4476:
4468:
4460:
4452:
4444:
4436:
4428:
4420:
4412:
4404:
4396:
4388:
4380:
4372:
4364:
4356:
4348:
4340:
4332:
4324:
4315:
4313:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4303:
4295:
4287:
4279:
4271:
4263:
4255:
4247:
4239:
4231:
4223:
4215:
4207:
4199:
4190:
4188:
4182:
4181:
4179:
4178:
4170:
4161:
4159:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4149:
4141:
4132:
4130:
4123:
4122:
4120:
4119:
4111:
4103:
4095:
4091:Mazer v. Stein
4087:
4079:
4071:
4063:
4055:
4047:
4039:
4031:
4023:
4015:
4007:
3998:
3996:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3986:
3978:
3970:
3962:
3954:
3946:
3938:
3930:
3922:
3913:
3911:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3901:
3893:
3885:
3877:
3869:
3860:
3858:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3848:
3840:
3832:
3824:
3816:
3808:
3800:
3792:
3784:
3776:
3768:
3760:
3752:
3744:
3736:
3728:
3720:
3712:
3704:
3696:
3688:
3680:
3672:
3664:
3655:
3653:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3643:
3635:
3627:
3619:
3611:
3603:
3595:
3587:
3579:
3575:Paige v. Banks
3571:
3567:Little v. Hall
3563:
3555:
3547:
3539:
3530:
3528:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3518:
3514:Voss v. Fisher
3510:
3502:
3494:
3486:
3478:
3470:
3462:
3453:
3451:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3440:
3432:
3424:
3416:
3408:
3400:
3391:
3389:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3370:
3366:Evans v. Eaton
3362:
3358:Evans v. Eaton
3354:
3345:
3343:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3333:
3325:
3321:Paige v. Banks
3317:
3308:
3306:
3296:
3295:
3289:
3282:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3270:
3262:
3253:
3251:
3239:
3238:
3234:Coinage Clause
3232:
3225:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3213:
3205:
3197:
3189:
3181:
3173:
3165:
3161:Reno v. Condon
3157:
3149:
3141:
3133:
3125:
3117:
3109:
3101:
3093:
3085:
3077:
3069:
3061:
3053:
3045:
3037:
3029:
3021:
3013:
3005:
2997:
2989:
2981:
2973:
2965:
2957:
2949:
2941:
2933:
2925:
2917:
2909:
2901:
2893:
2885:
2877:
2869:
2861:
2853:
2845:
2836:
2834:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2826:
2818:
2810:
2802:
2794:
2786:
2778:
2770:
2762:
2754:
2746:
2738:
2730:
2722:
2714:
2706:
2698:
2690:
2682:
2674:
2666:
2658:
2650:
2642:
2634:
2626:
2618:
2610:
2602:
2594:
2586:
2578:
2570:
2562:
2554:
2546:
2538:
2530:
2521:
2519:
2509:
2508:
2502:
2495:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2479:
2471:
2463:
2455:
2447:
2439:
2431:
2423:
2415:
2407:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2385:
2378:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2370:
2362:
2354:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2341:of Section VII
2337:
2330:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2314:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2292:
2285:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2269:
2261:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2239:
2232:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2216:
2208:
2200:
2196:Smiley v. Holm
2192:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2170:
2163:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2155:
2147:
2139:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2117:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2094:
2086:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2064:
2057:
2056:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2037:
2030:
2022:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2009:
2004:
1996:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1950:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1900:
1898:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1848:
1846:
1845:South Carolina
1842:
1841:
1839:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1826:William Blount
1822:
1820:
1819:North Carolina
1816:
1815:
1813:
1812:
1807:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1791:
1789:Daniel Carroll
1786:
1781:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1753:John Dickinson
1750:
1745:
1739:
1737:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1697:Thomas Mifflin
1694:
1688:
1686:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1666:David Brearley
1663:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1647:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1626:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1610:
1605:
1599:
1597:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1562:
1560:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1538:
1536:Taxation power
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1481:Implied powers
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1432:
1430:
1429:Interpretation
1426:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1325:Recommendation
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1210:Fugitive Slave
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1180:
1178:Excessive Bail
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1078:Appropriations
1075:
1070:
1064:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1005:
1004:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
948:
943:
938:
933:
927:
925:
921:
920:
917:
916:
914:
913:
908:
902:
899:
898:
896:
895:
890:
888:Single subject
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
809:
807:
801:
800:
798:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
766:
764:
758:
757:
754:
753:
751:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
689:
687:
683:
682:
680:
679:
674:
669:
663:
661:
659:Reconstruction
655:
654:
652:
651:
646:
640:
638:
634:
633:
631:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
579:
577:
575:Bill of Rights
564:
558:
557:
555:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
513:
511:
507:
506:
501:
499:
498:
491:
484:
476:
470:
469:
462:
461:
436:
424:
408:
374:
347:
345:
342:
341:
340:
333:
330:
310:
307:
289:
286:
270:Justice Brewer
256:
253:
234:
231:
227:line-item veto
204:
203:Line-item veto
201:
199:
196:
195:
194:
193:
192:
177:
170:
169:
168:
150:
144:
134:
131:
93:
90:
36:Bill of Rights
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5885:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5865:
5863:
5843:
5842:
5838:
5835:
5834:
5830:
5827:
5826:
5822:
5819:
5818:
5814:
5811:
5810:
5806:
5803:
5802:
5798:
5795:
5794:
5790:
5787:
5786:
5782:
5779:
5778:
5774:
5773:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5756:
5745:
5744:
5740:
5737:
5736:
5732:
5731:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5714:
5699:
5698:
5694:
5691:
5690:
5686:
5683:
5682:
5678:
5675:
5674:
5670:
5667:
5666:
5662:
5659:
5658:
5654:
5651:
5650:
5646:
5643:
5642:
5638:
5635:
5634:
5630:
5627:
5626:
5622:
5619:
5618:
5617:Smyth v. Ames
5614:
5611:
5610:
5606:
5603:
5602:
5598:
5595:
5594:
5590:
5587:
5586:
5582:
5579:
5578:
5574:
5571:
5570:
5566:
5563:
5562:
5558:
5557:
5555:
5551:
5544:
5543:
5539:
5538:
5536:
5534:
5533:
5528:
5524:
5520:
5516:
5511:
5507:
5496:
5495:
5491:
5488:
5487:
5483:
5480:
5479:
5475:
5472:
5471:
5467:
5464:
5463:
5459:
5456:
5455:
5451:
5448:
5447:
5443:
5440:
5439:
5435:
5432:
5431:
5427:
5424:
5423:
5419:
5416:
5415:
5411:
5410:
5407:
5403:of Section IX
5402:
5400:
5399:Ex post facto
5393:
5389:
5378:
5377:
5373:
5370:
5369:
5365:
5362:
5361:
5357:
5354:
5353:
5352:Ex parte Endo
5349:
5346:
5345:
5341:
5338:
5337:
5333:
5332:
5329:
5325:
5321:
5319:
5318:Habeas corpus
5313:
5309:
5298:
5297:
5293:
5290:
5289:
5285:
5282:
5281:
5277:
5274:
5273:
5269:
5266:
5265:
5261:
5258:
5257:
5253:
5252:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5235:
5220:
5219:
5215:
5212:
5211:
5207:
5204:
5203:
5199:
5198:
5196:
5194:
5189:
5182:
5181:
5177:
5174:
5173:
5169:
5166:
5165:
5161:
5158:
5157:
5153:
5150:
5149:
5145:
5142:
5141:
5137:
5134:
5133:
5129:
5126:
5125:
5121:
5118:
5117:
5113:
5110:
5109:
5105:
5102:
5101:
5097:
5094:
5093:
5089:
5086:
5085:
5081:
5078:
5077:
5073:
5070:
5069:
5065:
5062:
5061:
5057:
5054:
5053:
5049:
5046:
5045:
5041:
5038:
5037:
5033:
5030:
5029:
5025:
5022:
5021:
5017:
5014:
5013:
5009:
5006:
5005:
5001:
4998:
4997:
4993:
4990:
4989:
4985:
4982:
4981:
4977:
4974:
4973:
4969:
4966:
4965:
4961:
4958:
4957:
4953:
4950:
4949:
4945:
4942:
4941:
4937:
4934:
4933:
4929:
4926:
4925:
4921:
4918:
4917:
4913:
4910:
4909:
4905:
4902:
4901:
4897:
4894:
4893:
4889:
4886:
4885:
4881:
4878:
4877:
4873:
4870:
4869:
4865:
4862:
4861:
4857:
4854:
4853:
4849:
4846:
4845:
4841:
4838:
4837:
4833:
4830:
4829:
4825:
4822:
4821:
4817:
4814:
4813:
4809:
4806:
4805:
4801:
4798:
4797:
4793:
4790:
4789:
4785:
4782:
4781:
4777:
4774:
4773:
4769:
4766:
4765:
4761:
4758:
4757:
4753:
4750:
4749:
4745:
4742:
4741:
4737:
4734:
4733:
4729:
4726:
4725:
4721:
4718:
4717:
4713:
4710:
4709:
4705:
4702:
4701:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4692:
4687:
4680:
4679:
4675:
4672:
4671:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4659:
4656:
4655:
4651:
4648:
4647:
4643:
4640:
4639:
4635:
4632:
4631:
4627:
4624:
4623:
4619:
4616:
4615:
4614:Gibbs v. Buck
4611:
4608:
4607:
4603:
4600:
4599:
4595:
4592:
4591:
4587:
4584:
4583:
4579:
4576:
4575:
4571:
4568:
4567:
4563:
4560:
4559:
4555:
4552:
4551:
4547:
4544:
4543:
4539:
4536:
4535:
4531:
4530:
4528:
4526:
4521:
4514:
4513:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4501:
4498:
4497:
4493:
4490:
4489:
4485:
4482:
4481:
4477:
4474:
4473:
4469:
4466:
4465:
4461:
4458:
4457:
4453:
4450:
4449:
4445:
4442:
4441:
4437:
4434:
4433:
4429:
4426:
4425:
4421:
4418:
4417:
4413:
4410:
4409:
4405:
4402:
4401:
4397:
4394:
4393:
4389:
4386:
4385:
4381:
4378:
4377:
4373:
4370:
4369:
4365:
4362:
4361:
4357:
4354:
4353:
4349:
4346:
4345:
4341:
4338:
4337:
4333:
4330:
4329:
4325:
4322:
4321:
4317:
4316:
4314:
4312:
4308:
4301:
4300:
4296:
4293:
4292:
4288:
4285:
4284:
4280:
4277:
4276:
4272:
4269:
4268:
4264:
4261:
4260:
4256:
4253:
4252:
4248:
4245:
4244:
4240:
4237:
4236:
4232:
4229:
4228:
4224:
4221:
4220:
4216:
4213:
4212:
4208:
4205:
4204:
4200:
4197:
4196:
4192:
4191:
4189:
4187:
4183:
4176:
4175:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4163:
4162:
4160:
4158:
4154:
4147:
4146:
4142:
4139:
4138:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4127:Patent misuse
4124:
4117:
4116:
4112:
4109:
4108:
4104:
4101:
4100:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4088:
4085:
4084:
4080:
4077:
4076:
4072:
4069:
4068:
4064:
4061:
4060:
4056:
4053:
4052:
4048:
4045:
4044:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4032:
4029:
4028:
4024:
4021:
4020:
4016:
4013:
4012:
4008:
4005:
4004:
4000:
3999:
3997:
3995:
3991:
3984:
3983:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3963:
3960:
3959:
3955:
3952:
3951:
3947:
3944:
3943:
3939:
3936:
3935:
3931:
3928:
3927:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3915:
3914:
3912:
3910:
3906:
3899:
3898:
3894:
3891:
3890:
3886:
3883:
3882:
3878:
3875:
3874:
3870:
3867:
3866:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3857:
3853:
3846:
3845:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3825:
3822:
3821:
3817:
3814:
3813:
3809:
3806:
3805:
3801:
3798:
3797:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3785:
3782:
3781:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3761:
3758:
3757:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3748:Brady v. Daly
3745:
3742:
3741:
3737:
3734:
3733:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3713:
3710:
3709:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3697:
3694:
3693:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3665:
3662:
3661:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3652:
3648:
3641:
3640:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3615:Brady v. Daly
3612:
3609:
3608:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3580:
3577:
3576:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3527:
3523:
3516:
3515:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3503:
3500:
3499:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3448:Patentability
3445:
3438:
3437:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3383:
3376:
3375:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3363:
3360:
3359:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3350:Tyler v. Tuel
3347:
3346:
3344:
3342:
3338:
3331:
3330:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3283:
3268:
3267:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3249:
3244:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3226:
3211:
3210:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3006:
3003:
3002:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2870:
2867:
2866:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2846:
2843:
2842:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2831:
2824:
2823:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2731:
2728:
2727:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2675:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2552:
2551:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2496:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2399:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2383:
2379:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2331:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2306:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2290:
2286:
2275:
2274:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2254:
2253:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2237:
2233:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2184:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2168:
2164:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2131:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2115:
2111:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2082:Utah v. Evans
2079:
2078:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2062:
2058:
2053:
2050:
2043:
2038:
2036:
2031:
2029:
2024:
2023:
2020:
2008:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1943:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1931:Jacob Shallus
1929:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1874:
1868:
1867:Pierce Butler
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1852:John Rutledge
1850:
1849:
1847:
1843:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1811:
1810:James Madison
1808:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1779:James McHenry
1777:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1707:George Clymer
1705:
1703:
1702:Robert Morris
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1683:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1630:
1629:Roger Sherman
1627:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1596:Massachusetts
1594:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1575:New Hampshire
1573:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1501:Plenary power
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1471:Equal footing
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1392:Trial by Jury
1390:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1245:Ineligibility
1243:
1241:
1240:Import-Export
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1195:Free Exercise
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1185:
1184:Ex Post Facto
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1168:Establishment
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1118:Confrontation
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1010:
1006:
1002:
1001:Syng inkstand
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
956:Virginia Plan
954:
953:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
928:
926:
922:
912:
909:
907:
904:
903:
900:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
883:School Prayer
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
810:
808:
806:
802:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
767:
765:
763:
759:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
690:
688:
684:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
664:
662:
660:
656:
650:
647:
645:
642:
641:
639:
635:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
580:
578:
576:
572:
568:
565:
563:
559:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
514:
512:
508:
504:
497:
492:
490:
485:
483:
478:
477:
474:
468:
465:
464:
446:
440:
437:
433:
428:
425:
422:
419:
418:
412:
409:
396:
392:
385:
378:
375:
362:
358:
352:
349:
343:
339:
336:
335:
331:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
314:1 U.S.C.
308:
306:
304:
303:
298:
294:
287:
284:
279:
277:
276:
271:
267:
263:
254:
252:
250:
246:
245:
240:
232:
230:
228:
224:
220:
216:
215:
210:
209:Supreme Court
202:
197:
190:
188:
182:
178:
175:
171:
166:
162:
158:
157:
155:
151:
148:
147:
145:
142:
137:
136:
132:
129:
127:
123:
119:
118:Yeas and Nays
115:
111:
107:
101:
99:
91:
89:
87:
86:United States
83:
79:
75:
71:
68:
64:
60:
56:
49:
45:
41:
37:
32:
27:
19:
5839:
5831:
5823:
5815:
5807:
5799:
5791:
5783:
5775:
5766:of Section X
5741:
5733:
5724:of Section X
5695:
5687:
5679:
5671:
5663:
5655:
5647:
5639:
5631:
5623:
5615:
5607:
5599:
5591:
5583:
5575:
5567:
5559:
5540:
5530:
5494:Smith v. Doe
5492:
5484:
5476:
5468:
5460:
5452:
5444:
5436:
5428:
5420:
5412:
5398:
5374:
5366:
5358:
5350:
5342:
5334:
5317:
5294:
5286:
5278:
5270:
5262:
5254:
5216:
5208:
5200:
5178:
5170:
5162:
5154:
5146:
5138:
5130:
5122:
5114:
5106:
5098:
5090:
5082:
5074:
5066:
5058:
5050:
5042:
5034:
5026:
5018:
5010:
5002:
4994:
4986:
4978:
4970:
4962:
4954:
4946:
4938:
4930:
4922:
4914:
4906:
4898:
4890:
4882:
4874:
4866:
4858:
4850:
4842:
4834:
4826:
4818:
4810:
4802:
4794:
4786:
4778:
4770:
4762:
4754:
4746:
4738:
4730:
4722:
4714:
4706:
4698:
4691:patent cases
4676:
4668:
4660:
4652:
4644:
4636:
4628:
4620:
4612:
4604:
4596:
4588:
4580:
4572:
4564:
4556:
4548:
4540:
4532:
4510:
4502:
4494:
4486:
4478:
4470:
4462:
4454:
4446:
4438:
4430:
4422:
4414:
4406:
4398:
4390:
4382:
4374:
4366:
4358:
4350:
4342:
4334:
4326:
4318:
4297:
4289:
4283:Matal v. Tam
4281:
4273:
4265:
4257:
4249:
4241:
4233:
4225:
4217:
4209:
4201:
4193:
4172:
4164:
4143:
4135:
4113:
4105:
4097:
4089:
4081:
4073:
4065:
4057:
4049:
4041:
4033:
4025:
4017:
4009:
4001:
3980:
3972:
3964:
3956:
3948:
3940:
3932:
3924:
3916:
3895:
3887:
3879:
3871:
3863:
3842:
3834:
3826:
3818:
3810:
3802:
3794:
3786:
3778:
3770:
3762:
3754:
3746:
3738:
3730:
3722:
3714:
3706:
3698:
3690:
3682:
3674:
3666:
3658:
3637:
3629:
3621:
3613:
3605:
3597:
3589:
3581:
3573:
3565:
3557:
3549:
3541:
3533:
3512:
3504:
3496:
3488:
3480:
3472:
3464:
3456:
3434:
3426:
3418:
3410:
3402:
3394:
3372:
3364:
3356:
3348:
3327:
3319:
3311:
3264:
3256:
3246:
3207:
3199:
3191:
3183:
3175:
3167:
3159:
3151:
3143:
3135:
3127:
3119:
3111:
3103:
3095:
3087:
3079:
3071:
3063:
3055:
3047:
3039:
3031:
3023:
3015:
3007:
2999:
2991:
2983:
2975:
2967:
2959:
2951:
2943:
2935:
2927:
2919:
2911:
2903:
2895:
2887:
2879:
2871:
2863:
2855:
2847:
2839:
2820:
2812:
2804:
2796:
2788:
2780:
2772:
2764:
2756:
2748:
2740:
2732:
2724:
2716:
2708:
2700:
2692:
2684:
2676:
2668:
2660:
2652:
2644:
2636:
2628:
2620:
2612:
2604:
2596:
2588:
2580:
2572:
2564:
2556:
2548:
2540:
2532:
2524:
2481:
2473:
2465:
2457:
2449:
2441:
2433:
2425:
2417:
2409:
2401:
2391:Section VIII
2364:
2356:
2338:
2316:
2308:
2271:
2263:
2255:
2218:
2210:
2202:
2194:
2186:
2149:
2141:
2133:
2096:
2088:
2080:
1998:
1990:
1923:
1722:James Wilson
1685:Pennsylvania
1582:John Langdon
1340:Speedy Trial
1294:
1182:
1073:Appointments
1007:
790:Equal Rights
686:20th century
452:. Retrieved
439:
431:
427:
415:
411:
399:. Retrieved
394:
390:
377:
365:. Retrieved
351:
312:
300:
293:Article Five
291:
281:
273:
258:
249:bicameralism
242:
236:
212:
211:decision in
206:
184:
103:
95:
58:
54:
52:
31:
26:
5401:Laws Clause
3258:Knox v. Lee
2298:Section VII
1883:William Few
1763:Jacob Broom
1743:George Read
1617:Connecticut
1551:Signatories
1401:Legislative
1375:Territorial
1295:Presentment
1280:Origination
1235:Impeachment
1190:Extradition
1158:Engagements
1148:Due Process
1098:Citizenship
785:Child Labor
318:§ 106a
198:Veto issues
181:pocket veto
122:Adjournment
82:federal law
70:legislative
5862:Categories
5324:Section IX
4186:Lanham Act
2881:In re Debs
2245:Section VI
2176:Section IV
2070:Section II
1995:(painting)
1947:and legacy
1805:John Blair
1654:New Jersey
1608:Rufus King
1506:Preemption
1420:War Powers
1355:Suspension
1173:Exceptions
863:Human Life
762:Unratified
562:Amendments
344:References
126:Resolution
40:grand jury
5519:Section X
2052:Article I
1516:Saxbe fix
1405:Executive
1360:Take Care
1350:Supremacy
1225:Guarantee
1153:Elections
924:Formation
637:1795–1804
262:blue laws
187:pro forma
98:Article I
65:outlines
61:) of the
4129:case law
3450:case law
3388:case law
2054:case law
1798:Virginia
1772:Maryland
1736:Delaware
1638:New York
1415:Vicinage
1409:Judicial
1133:Contract
1103:Commerce
991:Printing
805:Proposed
517:Preamble
510:Articles
454:June 29,
367:July 31,
361:The Hill
332:See also
266:drafters
108:and the
78:Congress
34:For the
1945:Display
1917:Related
1876:Georgia
1397:Vesting
1365:Takings
1250:Militia
1108:Compact
1060:Clauses
986:Signing
931:History
401:June 5,
174:session
133:Summary
84:in the
80:become
67:federal
5844:(2018)
5836:(2009)
5828:(2003)
5820:(1998)
5812:(1985)
5804:(1894)
5796:(1893)
5788:(1871)
5780:(1855)
5746:(1951)
5738:(1827)
5700:(2018)
5692:(1987)
5684:(1983)
5676:(1983)
5668:(1978)
5660:(1977)
5652:(1965)
5644:(1935)
5636:(1934)
5628:(1921)
5620:(1898)
5612:(1880)
5604:(1843)
5596:(1837)
5588:(1827)
5580:(1819)
5572:(1819)
5564:(1810)
5553:Others
5545:(1870)
5497:(2003)
5489:(1997)
5481:(1989)
5473:(1964)
5465:(1960)
5457:(1951)
5449:(1925)
5441:(1898)
5433:(1866)
5425:(1819)
5417:(1798)
5379:(2020)
5371:(2008)
5363:(2001)
5355:(1944)
5347:(1861)
5339:(1807)
5299:(2013)
5291:(2010)
5283:(2005)
5275:(2004)
5267:(1926)
5259:(1819)
5221:(2020)
5213:(1938)
5205:(1915)
5191:Other
5183:(2019)
5175:(2017)
5167:(2016)
5159:(2015)
5151:(2015)
5143:(2014)
5135:(2014)
5127:(2013)
5119:(2013)
5111:(2013)
5103:(2013)
5095:(2012)
5087:(2012)
5079:(2011)
5071:(2011)
5063:(2011)
5055:(2010)
5047:(2008)
5039:(2007)
5031:(2007)
5023:(2007)
5015:(2006)
5007:(2006)
4999:(2006)
4991:(2005)
4983:(2002)
4975:(2001)
4967:(1999)
4959:(1999)
4951:(1998)
4943:(1997)
4935:(1996)
4927:(1990)
4919:(1989)
4911:(1981)
4903:(1980)
4895:(1978)
4887:(1976)
4879:(1976)
4871:(1973)
4863:(1972)
4855:(1971)
4847:(1969)
4839:(1969)
4831:(1966)
4823:(1966)
4815:(1966)
4807:(1965)
4799:(1964)
4791:(1964)
4783:(1964)
4775:(1961)
4767:(1950)
4759:(1950)
4751:(1948)
4743:(1945)
4735:(1943)
4727:(1942)
4719:(1926)
4711:(1916)
4703:(1908)
4689:Other
4681:(1975)
4673:(1974)
4665:(1973)
4657:(1968)
4649:(1962)
4641:(1960)
4633:(1949)
4625:(1939)
4617:(1939)
4609:(1936)
4601:(1934)
4593:(1932)
4585:(1931)
4577:(1923)
4569:(1919)
4561:(1918)
4553:(1914)
4545:(1912)
4537:(1911)
4523:Other
4515:(2020)
4507:(2020)
4499:(2019)
4491:(2019)
4483:(2017)
4475:(2014)
4467:(2014)
4459:(2013)
4451:(2012)
4443:(2010)
4435:(2005)
4427:(2003)
4419:(2001)
4411:(1998)
4403:(1998)
4395:(1996)
4387:(1994)
4379:(1994)
4371:(1991)
4363:(1990)
4355:(1989)
4347:(1985)
4339:(1985)
4331:(1984)
4323:(1977)
4302:(2020)
4294:(2019)
4286:(2017)
4278:(2014)
4270:(2014)
4262:(2003)
4254:(2003)
4246:(2001)
4238:(2001)
4230:(1999)
4222:(1995)
4214:(1992)
4206:(1987)
4198:(1982)
4177:(1985)
4169:(1941)
4148:(1942)
4140:(1917)
4118:(1973)
4110:(1964)
4102:(1956)
4094:(1954)
4086:(1952)
4078:(1943)
4070:(1940)
4062:(1939)
4054:(1935)
4046:(1931)
4038:(1923)
4030:(1920)
4022:(1917)
4014:(1914)
4006:(1911)
3985:(1911)
3977:(1911)
3969:(1909)
3961:(1909)
3953:(1908)
3945:(1908)
3937:(1907)
3929:(1903)
3921:(1896)
3900:(1979)
3892:(1948)
3884:(1941)
3876:(1939)
3868:(1913)
3847:(1912)
3839:(1909)
3831:(1908)
3823:(1908)
3815:(1908)
3807:(1908)
3799:(1907)
3791:(1907)
3783:(1907)
3775:(1903)
3767:(1903)
3759:(1899)
3751:(1899)
3743:(1892)
3735:(1891)
3727:(1889)
3719:(1888)
3711:(1888)
3703:(1888)
3695:(1884)
3687:(1884)
3679:(1881)
3671:(1879)
3663:(1879)
3642:(1903)
3634:(1903)
3626:(1899)
3618:(1899)
3610:(1899)
3602:(1891)
3594:(1888)
3586:(1879)
3578:(1872)
3570:(1856)
3562:(1854)
3554:(1853)
3546:(1849)
3538:(1834)
3517:(1885)
3509:(1885)
3501:(1881)
3493:(1878)
3485:(1876)
3477:(1853)
3469:(1851)
3461:(1829)
3439:(1938)
3431:(1913)
3423:(1894)
3415:(1885)
3407:(1885)
3399:(1815)
3377:(1822)
3369:(1822)
3361:(1818)
3353:(1810)
3332:(1908)
3324:(1872)
3316:(1834)
3269:(1884)
3261:(1871)
3212:(2016)
3204:(2012)
3196:(2005)
3188:(2000)
3180:(2000)
3172:(2000)
3164:(2000)
3156:(1996)
3148:(1995)
3140:(1992)
3132:(1985)
3124:(1983)
3116:(1981)
3108:(1981)
3100:(1976)
3092:(1968)
3084:(1964)
3076:(1964)
3068:(1960)
3060:(1951)
3052:(1950)
3044:(1949)
3036:(1946)
3028:(1944)
3020:(1942)
3012:(1942)
3004:(1941)
2996:(1940)
2988:(1938)
2980:(1937)
2972:(1936)
2964:(1935)
2956:(1935)
2948:(1935)
2940:(1923)
2932:(1918)
2924:(1914)
2916:(1913)
2908:(1911)
2900:(1903)
2892:(1895)
2884:(1895)
2876:(1888)
2868:(1885)
2860:(1869)
2852:(1849)
2844:(1824)
2833:Others
2825:(2023)
2817:(2019)
2809:(2018)
2801:(2015)
2793:(2008)
2785:(2007)
2777:(2005)
2769:(1994)
2761:(1994)
2753:(1994)
2745:(1992)
2737:(1992)
2729:(1989)
2721:(1986)
2713:(1984)
2705:(1983)
2697:(1982)
2689:(1981)
2681:(1980)
2673:(1978)
2665:(1978)
2657:(1977)
2649:(1977)
2641:(1976)
2633:(1970)
2625:(1967)
2617:(1959)
2609:(1954)
2601:(1951)
2593:(1945)
2585:(1941)
2577:(1935)
2569:(1925)
2561:(1905)
2553:(1886)
2545:(1852)
2537:(1829)
2529:(1827)
2486:(2012)
2478:(2004)
2470:(1987)
2462:(1937)
2454:(1936)
2446:(1922)
2438:(1916)
2430:(1895)
2422:(1881)
2414:(1871)
2406:(1796)
2369:(1998)
2361:(1983)
2353:(1929)
2321:(1990)
2313:(1911)
2276:(1972)
2268:(1966)
2260:(1881)
2223:(2023)
2215:(2015)
2207:(1995)
2199:(1932)
2191:(1879)
2154:(2001)
2146:(1995)
2138:(1969)
2101:(2020)
2093:(2019)
2085:(2002)
2003:(film)
1387:Treaty
1290:Postal
1285:Pardon
316:
154:vetoes
110:Senate
46:, see
448:(PDF)
387:(PDF)
74:bills
2121:and
456:2018
403:2009
369:2012
221:the
207:The
92:Text
53:The
5517:of
5322:of
2389:of
2296:of
2243:of
2174:of
2123:III
2068:of
552:VII
532:III
5864::
1407:/
1403:/
748:27
743:26
738:25
733:24
728:23
723:22
718:21
713:20
708:19
703:18
698:17
693:16
677:15
672:14
667:13
649:12
644:11
628:10
547:VI
537:IV
527:II
395:59
393:.
389:.
359:.
251:.
88:.
2041:e
2034:t
2027:v
1411:)
1399:(
1383:)
623:9
618:8
613:7
608:6
603:5
598:4
593:3
588:2
583:1
542:V
522:I
495:e
488:t
481:v
458:.
405:.
371:.
189:"
185:"
57:(
50:.
20:)
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