2422:
2694:
1316:
502:
718:
790:
394:
2571:
574:
538:
2237:
1172:
1244:
2057:
1424:
1388:
1084:, the day-laborers and working class, undermined much of the authority of the moderate Girondins. At this point, although Danton and HĂ©rault de SĂ©chelles both served one more term each as Presidents of the Convention, the Girondins had lost control of the Convention: in June and July compromise after compromise changed the course of the revolution from a bourgeois event to a radical, working class event. Price controls were introduced and a minimum wage guaranteed to workers and soldiers. Over the course of the summer, the government became truly revolutionary.
1805:
2522:
2442:
826:
208:(two weeks). He was eligible for re-election after the lapse of a fortnight. Ordinarily the sessions were held in the morning, but evening sessions also occurred frequently, often extending late into the night. In exceptional circumstances, the Convention declared itself in permanent session and sat for several days without interruption. For both legislative and administrative deliberations, the Convention used committees, with powers more or less widely extended and regulated by successive laws. The most famous of these committees included the
42:
2502:
430:
2674:
682:
646:
2714:
1985:
1949:
1733:
1589:
1877:
2196:
2482:
1280:
466:
1697:
1661:
862:
2216:
1841:
1460:
1007:
971:
2278:
2654:
2634:
2543:
2257:
2774:
935:
2734:
2754:
2599:
2462:
2331:
754:
2298:
1913:
898:
2021:
2352:
610:
1208:
2387:
184:
Initially elected to provide a new constitution after the overthrow of the monarchy on 10 August 1792, the
Convention included 749 deputies drawn from businesses and trades, and from such professions as law, journalism, medicine, and the clergy. Among its earliest acts was the formal abolition of the
180:
by primary regional assemblies on 26 August. Owing to the abstention of aristocrats and the anti-republicans, and the general fear of victimization, the voter turnout in the departments was low – as little as 7.5 percent or as much as 11.9% of the electorate, compared to 10.2% in the 1791 elections,
295:
In the third phase, called
Thermidor after the month in which it began, many of the members of the Convention overthrew the most prominent member of the committee, Maximilien Robespiere. This reaction to the radical influence of the Committee of Public Safety reestablished the balance of power in
259:
after his attempt to flee France on 20 June 1791. Some elements of the
Girondin party believed they could use the king as figurehead. While the Girondins hesitated, the Montagnards took a united stand during the trial in December 1792 – January 1793 and favored the king’s execution. Riding on this
254:
In its second phase, the
Montagnards controlled the convention (June 1793 to July 1794). War and an internal rebellion convinced the revolutionary government to establish a Committee of Public Safety which exercised near dictatorial power. Consequently, the democratic constitution, approved by the
151:
during this period. Historians generally divide the
Convention's activities into three periods, moderate, radical, and reaction, and the policies of presidents of the Convention reflect these distinctions. During the radical and reaction phases, some of the presidents were executed, most by
296:
the hands of the moderate deputies. The
Girondins who had survived the 1793 purge were recalled and the leading Montagnards were themselves purged, and many executed. In August 1795, the Convention approved the Constitution for the regime that replaced it, the bourgeois-dominated
255:
convention on 24 June 1793, did not go into effect and the
Convention lost its legislative initiative. The rise of Mountaineers (Montagnards) corresponded with the decline of the Girondins. The Girondin party had hesitated on the correct course of action to take with
1625:
1043:
1102:
After the insurrection, any attempted resistance to revolutionary ideals was crushed. The insurrection of 31 May – 2 June 1793 marked a significant milestone in the history of the French
Revolution. The days of 31 May – 2 June
260:
victory, the
Montagnards then sought to discredit the Girondins using tactics previously used against themselves, denouncing the Girondins as liars and enemies of the Revolution. The last quarter of the year was marked by the
1769:
2909:
From 9 Apr 1793 to 18 Apr 1793 the functions of president were exercised by vice-president
Jacques-Alexis Thuriot de la Rosière. He was elected president in his own right for the fortnight 27 June 1793 – 11 July
2833:
established in a coup d'etat by Napoleon. It lasted from 2 November 1795 until 10 November 1799, a period commonly known as the "Directory era". The directory operated with a bicameral structure. A
2885:
2421:
2837:, selected by lot, named the directors. For its own security, the Left (whose members dominated the Council) resolved that all five must be old members of the Convention and
2682:
2940:
2850:
3400:
336:
186:
2854:
2702:
2450:
2874:
197:
discarded all Christian reference points and calculated time from the Republic's first full day after the monarchy – 22 September 1792, the first day of
251:
in Paris helped to purge the Convention of the Girondins between 31 May and 2 June 1793; the last of the Girondins served as presidents in late July.
2551:
2306:
1093:
1077:
248:
173:
2693:
1214:
3415:
3405:
330:, or The Plain, a moderate, amorphous group, controlled the Convention. At the first session, held on 20 September 1792, the elder statesman
1322:
508:
796:
400:
113:
616:
272:, and marked by mass executions of "enemies of the revolution". The death toll ranged in the tens of thousands, with 16,594 executed by
3128:
Garnier, Jean-Claude Garnier; Jean-Pierre Mohen. Cimetières autour du monde : Un désir d'éternité. Editions Errance. 2003, p. 191.
1315:
501:
2862:
2430:
3410:
3260:
724:
717:
1207:
2858:
2722:
2224:
1775:
904:
2976:
2797:
2662:
2027:
1430:
977:
123:
2570:
1049:
2622:
2125:
2204:
2171:, and several allies, and they were executed the following day. This ended the most radical phase of the French Revolution.
1178:
789:
393:
1133:. The following men were elected as presidents of the Convention during its transition from its moderate to radical phase.
172:
governed France from 20 September 1792 until 26 October 1795 during the most critical period of the French Revolution. The
537:
213:
157:
3121:
2642:
2286:
2245:
1739:
573:
1243:
2782:
2236:
2168:
1811:
1171:
688:
1919:
2928:
2056:
1423:
1387:
436:
209:
194:
2825:) was the government of France following the collapse of the National Convention in late 1795. Administered by a
2673:
3221:
2879:
2579:
2510:
2490:
1250:
472:
334:
presided over the session. The following day, amidst profound silence, the proposition was put to the assembly, "
41:
2939:; this is also sometimes called the era of the Thermidorian Convention. Prominent figures of Thermidor include
2521:
1804:
941:
243:(reaction). The Montagnards favored granting the poorer classes more political power; the Girondins favored a
2846:
2395:
2265:
247:
republic and wanted to reduce the power and influence of Paris over the course of the revolution. A popular
2834:
2742:
2441:
825:
652:
56:
2931:
when Robespierre and other radical revolutionaries came under concerted attack in the National Convention.
2501:
2215:
429:
2410:
2195:
2063:
1394:
1286:
760:
681:
645:
268:), a period of violence incited by conflict between these rival political factions, the Girondins and the
156:, committed suicide, or were deported. In addition, some of the presidents were later deported during the
2826:
2713:
2375:
2162:
1984:
1948:
1732:
1595:
1588:
1559:
1497:
228:
190:
140:
3011:
1876:
970:
2481:
1279:
465:
2944:
2762:
1883:
1466:
2653:
1696:
1660:
861:
17:
2633:
2607:
2339:
1840:
1703:
1631:
1459:
1130:
1006:
355:
The following men were elected for two-week terms as presidents, or executives, of the Convention.
344:. On the same day, the Convention decreed that "in future, the acts of the assembly shall be dated
169:
147:, whose president (elected from within for a 14-day term) may be considered as France's legitimate
144:
76:
49:
3248:
3048:
305:
281:
277:
69:
2542:
2277:
832:
580:
81:
2773:
3381:
3360:
3346:
3332:
3318:
3304:
3287:
3273:
3265:
3256:
3229:
3212:
3147:
2256:
934:
544:
285:
220:
177:
2948:
2936:
2830:
1847:
331:
297:
2733:
2818:
2322:
1667:
1104:
1097:
341:
289:
261:
224:
2167:
On 27 July 1794, the National Convention voted for the arrest of Maximilien Robespierre,
2094:
1349:
The following men were elected as presidents of the Convention during its radical phase.
2935:
also refers to the remaining period until the National Convention was superseded by the
3315:
The Incidence of the Terror during the French Revolution: A Statistical Interpretation.
2753:
2360:
1013:
340:"; it carried, with cheers. On the 22nd came the news of the Republic's victory at the
301:
92:
3105:
The Incidence of the Terror during the French Revolution: A Statistical Interpretation
2598:
2461:
3394:
1991:
1955:
1117:
240:
148:
3253:
La République jacobine. Terreur, guerre et gouvernement révolutionnaire (1792—1794).
3027:
La République jacobine. Terreur, guerre et gouvernement révolutionnaire (1792—1794).
2330:
2297:
2158:
2144:
2113:
2082:
2046:
2010:
1974:
1938:
1902:
1866:
1830:
1794:
1758:
1722:
1686:
1650:
1624:
1614:
1578:
1547:
1516:
1485:
1449:
1413:
1341:
1305:
1269:
1233:
1197:
1126:
1068:
924:
815:
779:
753:
527:
455:
269:
236:
1912:
176:
of the National Convention took place in September 1792 after the election of the
2470:
1528:
2020:
3329:
Choosing Terror: Virtue, Friendship, and Authenticity in the French Revolution
3080:
Choosing Terror: Virtue, Friendship, and Authenticity in the French Revolution
2530:
897:
868:
273:
153:
2924:
2842:
2838:
2588:
2560:
2351:
2315:
1042:
1032:
996:
960:
887:
851:
743:
707:
671:
635:
609:
599:
563:
491:
419:
321:
317:
256:
244:
232:
205:
3137:
J.M.Thompson, The French Revolution. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1959, p. 315.
3350:
3336:
3308:
3233:
3216:
280:
across France. Most of the Parisian victims of the guillotine filled the
3364:
3277:
2980:
1122:
1112:
198:
3385:
3322:
3291:
204:
According to its own rules, the Convention elected its president every
3240:
France: Members of the Executive Directory: 1792–1793, and 1793–1795.
264:(5 September 1793 – 28 July 1794), also known as The Terror (French:
2386:
1768:
2174:
The following men were presidents of the Convention until its end.
85:
2886:
List of Members of the National Convention by Department (French)
3317:
Cambridge (United States C.A), Harvard University Press, 1951.
3107:, Cambridge (United States C.A), Harvard University Press, 1935
3016:, The Encyclopædia Britannica, 2015, Accessed 22 April 2014.
348:". Three days later, the Convention added the corollary of "
189:, on 21 September, and the subsequent establishment of the
2884:
Full list of members of the Convention per department:
181:
despite the doubling of the number of eligible voters.
3200:
Editors, "National Convention" and "Reign of Terror."
2262:
2 September 1794 – 22 September 1794
3149:
France: Members of the Executive Directory: 1791–1792
3050:
France: Members of the Executive Directory: 1793–1795
2759:
2 September 1795 – 23 September 1795
2495:
22 June 1798, after being deported to French Guiana
2392:
6 December 1794 – 21 December 1794
2372:
24 November 1794 – 6 December 1794
2365:
13 December 1797, died of natural causes (dementia)
2357:
6 November 1794 – 24 November 1794
2283:
22 September 1794 – 7 October 1794
3371:
Macrohistory: Fear, Overreaction and War (1792–93).
3209:
This Bright Era of Happy Revolutions: French Consul
3152:, Archontology.org 2013, Accessed 19 February 2015.
3053:, Archontology.org 2013, Accessed 19 February 2015.
2779:
23 September 1795 – 8 October 1795
2467:
4 February 1795 – 19 February 1795
2407:
21 December 1794 – 6 January 1795
2336:
22 October 1794 – 6 November 1794
2242:
18 August 1794 – 2 September 1794
2179:
129:
119:
109:
101:
91:
75:
65:
55:
34:
2981:Macrohistory: Fear, Overreaction and War (1792–93)
2927:Year II (27 July 1794), the date according to the
2739:19 August 1795 – 2 September 1795
2447:20 January 1795 – 4 February 1795
2303:7 October 1794 – 22 October 1794
1354:
1138:
360:
300:, which exercised power from 1795 to 1799, when a
3242:Archontology.org 2013, Accessed 19 February 2015.
2794:8 October 1795 – 26 October 1795
2427:6 January 1795 – 20 January 1795
3301:Cimetières autour du monde: Un désir d'éternité.
3187:NY, Rowman & Littlefield, 2008, pp. 225–227.
2487:19 February 1795 – 6 March 1795
2221:3 August 1794 – 18 August 1794
3165:Oxford, Blackwell Publishers Ltd, 1996, p. 127.
2719:3 August 1795 – 19 August 1795
139:From 22 September 1792 to 2 November 1795, the
2201:19 July 1794 – 3 August 1794
3228:2nd edition. Oxford University Press, 2002.
2851:Paul François Jean Nicolas, vicomte de Barras
2699:19 July 1795 – 3 August 1795
2548:5 April 1795 – 20 April 1795
2527:24 March 1795 – 5 April 1795
2507:6 March 1795 – 24 March 1795
8:
3226:The Oxford History of the French Revolution.
2983:. 2009–2015 version. Accessed 21 April 2015.
2975:2nd edition, Oxford University Press, 1990,
2973:The Oxford History of the French Revolution,
3359:5th ed. Upper Saddle River, Pearson, 2009.
3343:A Concise History of the French Revolution,
3272:. Oxford, Blackwell Publishers Ltd, 1996.
3185:A Concise History of the French Revolution,
3043:
3041:
3039:
3037:
3035:
2875:Ministers of the French National Convention
2679:4 July 1795 – 19 July 1795
2659:19 June 1795 – 4 July 1795
2639:4 June 1795 – 19 June 1795
2576:20 April 1795 – 5 May 1795
3373:2009–2015 version. Accessed 21 April 2015.
2619:26 May 1795 – 4 June 1795
2176:
350:the French republic is one and indivisible
3357:A Short History of the French Revolution.
3299:Garnier, Jean-Claude; Jean-Pierre Mohen.
2604:5 May 1795 – 26 May 1795
3345:Lanham, Rowman & Littlefield, 2008.
3074:
3072:
3064:A Short History of the French Revolution
1351:
1135:
357:
276:(2,639 in Paris), and another 25,000 in
2964:
2902:
2451:Stanislas Joseph François Xavier Rovère
3006:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2998:
31:
3401:Presidents of the National Convention
3211:. U. of South Carolina Press, 2008.
2683:Louis-Gustave Doulcet de Pontécoulant
1115:party under pressure of the Parisian
227:powers during the first years of the
7:
2855:Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux
2703:Louis-Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux
1215:Jacques Alexis Thuriot de la Rosière
1094:Insurrection of 31 May – 2 June 1793
35:President of the National Convention
18:President of the National Convention
3066:, 5th ed. Pearson, 2009, pp. 72–77.
2829:of five directors, it preceded the
2552:François-Antoine de Boissy d'Anglas
337:That royalty be abolished in France
25:
3163:The French Revolution: 1770–1814,
3029:Paris, Le Seuil, 2005, pp. 28–34.
797:Edmond Louis Alexis Dubois-Crancé
346:First Year of the French Republic
3303:Paris, Editions Errance. 2003.
3270:The French Revolution: 1770–1814
2859:Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot
2772:
2752:
2732:
2712:
2692:
2687:17 November 1764 – 3 April 1853
2672:
2652:
2632:
2597:
2569:
2541:
2520:
2500:
2480:
2460:
2440:
2420:
2385:
2350:
2329:
2307:Jean-Jacques-Régis de Cambacérès
2296:
2276:
2255:
2235:
2214:
2194:
2055:
2019:
1983:
1947:
1911:
1875:
1839:
1803:
1776:Joseph-Nicolas Barbeau du Barran
1767:
1731:
1695:
1659:
1623:
1587:
1458:
1422:
1386:
1314:
1278:
1242:
1206:
1170:
1041:
1005:
969:
933:
896:
860:
824:
788:
752:
716:
680:
644:
617:Jacques Defermon des Chapelières
608:
572:
536:
500:
464:
428:
392:
352:", to guard against federalism.
231:and had three distinct periods:
40:
3380:Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1959.
3284:Behind the Scenes in the Terror
3118:Behind the Scenes in the Terror
2663:Jean-Baptiste Louvet de Couvray
2028:Claude-Antoine Prieur-Duvernois
1529:MoĂŻse Antoine Pierre Jean Bayle
1431:Jacques Nicolas Billaud-Varenne
1323:Marie-Jean HĂ©rault de SĂ©chelles
509:Marie-Jean HĂ©rault de SĂ©chelles
286:Mosseaux (also called Errancis)
164:Establishment of the Convention
3082:. (Oxford U.P., 2013), 174–75.
2841:who had voted to execute King
2623:Jean-Baptiste Charles Matthieu
2455:died in 1798 in French Guiana
1111:) resulted in the fall of the
725:Jean-Paul Rabaut Saint-Étienne
1:
3416:Lists of legislative speakers
3204:2015, Accessed 22 April 2014.
2929:French Revolutionary Calendar
2723:Pierre Claude François Daunou
905:Jean-François-Bertrand Delmas
214:Committee of General Security
27:1792-95 French heads of state
3406:Lists of national presidents
3238:Cheynet, Pierre-Dominique.
3202:The Encyclopædia Britannica,
2979:. See also Frank E. Smitha,
2892:Notes, citations and sources
2863:Étienne-François Le Tourneur
2798:Jean Joseph Victor GĂ©nissieu
2643:Jean Denis, comte Lanjuinais
2431:Étienne-François Le Tourneur
2246:Antoine Merlin de Thionville
1740:Marc Guillaume Alexis Vadier
978:Jean-Baptiste Boyer-Fonfrède
124:Jean Joseph Victor GĂ©nissieu
2783:Pierre-Charles-Louis Baudin
2205:Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois
2169:Louis Antoine de Saint-Just
1812:Louis Antoine de Saint-Just
1179:Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois
1076:At the end of May 1793, an
689:Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud
401:JĂ©rĂ´me PĂ©tion de Villeneuve
114:JĂ©rĂ´me PĂ©tion de Villeneuve
3432:
3146:Pierre-Dominique Cheynet,
3047:Pierre-Dominique Cheynet,
2586:One of the few members of
2558:One of the few members of
2533:, also Pelet de la Lozère
2313:One of the few members of
2156:
1091:
315:
312:Moderate phase (1792–1793)
210:Committee of Public Safety
195:French Republican Calendar
3286:, NY, Brentano's, 1915.
3094:; Encyclopædia Britannica
2880:Representative on mission
2511:Antoine Claire Thibaudeau
2342:, dit Prieur de la Marne
2268:, dit Bernard de Saintes
2188:
2185:
2182:
1367:
1364:
1357:
1251:Andre Jeanbon Saint Andre
1151:
1148:
1141:
1088:Radical phase (1793–1794)
373:
370:
363:
219:The Convention held both
48:
39:
3411:Heads of state of France
3255:Paris, Le Seuil, 2005.
2592:to be elected President
2564:to be elected President
1920:Jean-Baptiste-André Amar
942:Marc David Alba Lasource
2835:Council of the Ancients
2319:to be elected President
2225:Philippe Antoine Merlin
1668:Georges Auguste Couthon
653:Jean-Baptiste Treilhard
437:Jean-François Delacroix
3378:The French Revolution.
2822:
2809:Successor organization
2647:died in 1828 in Paris
2580:Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès
2491:François Louis Bourdon
2411:Pierre-Louis Bentabole
2227:, dit Merlin de Douai
2064:Maximilien Robespierre
1395:Maximilien Robespierre
1287:Georges Jacques Danton
1108:
1050:François René Mallarmé
473:Marguerite-Élie Guadet
265:
3282:Fleischmann, Hector,
2951:. Neely, pp. 225–227.
2933:Thermidorian Reaction
2847:Jean-François Rewbell
2845:. The Ancients chose
2827:collective leadership
2396:Jean-François Reubell
2376:Jean-Baptiste Clauzel
2266:André Antoine Bernard
2163:Thermidorian Reaction
1596:Charles-Gilbert Romme
1560:Pierre-Antoine Lalloy
1498:Louis-Joseph Charlier
229:French First Republic
193:on 22 September. The
3120:, Brentano's, 1915,
3116:Hector Fleischmann,
2945:Jean-Lambert Tallien
2743:Marie-Joseph Chénier
2321:Authored Napoleon's
2153:Reaction (1794–1795)
1884:Jean-Lambert Tallien
1467:Pierre Joseph Cambon
143:was governed by the
3331:Oxford U.P., 2013.
3013:National Convention
2340:Pierre-Louis Prieur
1704:Jacques-Louis David
1632:Jean-Henri Voulland
1131:National Convention
761:Jean-Jacques Bréard
170:National Convention
158:Bourbon Restoration
145:National Convention
50:National Convention
3355:Popkin, Jeremy D.
3207:Alderson, Robert.
3062:Jeremy D. Popkin,
2767:12 September 1844
2250:14 September 1833
2126:Jean-Antoine Louis
1476:19 September 1793
1443:19 September 1793
1125:of the clubs, and
410:20 September 1792
306:Napoleon Bonaparte
278:summary executions
185:monarchy, through
178:electoral colleges
3369:Smitha, Frank E.
3174:Thompson, p. 370.
2806:
2805:
2763:Théophile Berlier
2400:23 November 1807
2230:26 December 1838
2150:
2149:
2132:
2101:
2070:
2034:
1998:
1962:
1926:
1890:
1854:
1821:19 February 1794
1818:
1788:19 February 1794
1782:
1746:
1710:
1677:21 December 1793
1674:
1644:21 December 1793
1638:
1605:21 November 1793
1602:
1572:21 November 1793
1566:
1535:
1504:
1473:
1440:5 September 1793
1437:
1407:5 September 1793
1401:
1362:
1347:
1346:
1329:
1293:
1257:
1221:
1185:
1146:
1074:
1073:
1056:
1020:
984:
948:
911:
875:
839:
806:21 February 1793
803:
773:21 February 1793
767:
731:
695:
662:27 December 1792
659:
629:27 December 1792
626:13 December 1792
623:
593:13 December 1792
590:29 November 1792
587:
557:29 November 1792
554:15 November 1792
551:
521:15 November 1792
515:
479:
443:
407:
368:
137:
136:
105:20 September 1792
70:Presiding officer
61:Citizen President
16:(Redirected from
3423:
3341:Neeley, Sylvia.
3327:Linton, Marisa.
3298:
3247:
3188:
3181:
3175:
3172:
3166:
3161:François Furet,
3159:
3153:
3144:
3138:
3135:
3129:
3127:
3114:
3108:
3101:
3095:
3092:Terror, Reign of
3089:
3083:
3076:
3067:
3060:
3054:
3045:
3030:
3023:
3017:
3008:
2993:
2990:
2984:
2969:
2952:
2917:
2911:
2907:
2802:27 October 1804
2776:
2756:
2747:10 January 1811
2736:
2716:
2696:
2676:
2656:
2636:
2627:31 October 1833
2612:3 February 1818
2608:Théodore Vernier
2601:
2573:
2545:
2536:26 January 1842
2524:
2504:
2484:
2475:29 January 1829
2464:
2444:
2424:
2389:
2354:
2333:
2300:
2291:19 October 1838
2280:
2271:19 October 1818
2259:
2239:
2218:
2198:
2177:
2130:
2099:
2068:
2059:
2032:
2023:
1996:
1987:
1960:
1951:
1924:
1915:
1888:
1879:
1852:
1843:
1816:
1807:
1785:4 February 1794
1780:
1771:
1752:4 February 1794
1749:20 January 1794
1744:
1735:
1716:20 January 1794
1708:
1699:
1672:
1663:
1641:6 December 1793
1636:
1627:
1608:6 December 1793
1600:
1591:
1569:6 November 1793
1564:
1541:6 November 1793
1538:22 October 1793
1533:
1510:22 October 1793
1502:
1471:
1462:
1435:
1426:
1399:
1390:
1368:Political party
1360:
1352:
1327:
1318:
1291:
1282:
1255:
1246:
1219:
1210:
1183:
1174:
1152:Political party
1144:
1136:
1080:of the Parisian
1054:
1045:
1018:
1009:
982:
973:
946:
937:
909:
900:
873:
864:
837:
828:
801:
792:
770:7 February 1793
765:
756:
737:7 February 1793
734:24 January 1793
729:
720:
701:24 January 1793
698:10 January 1793
693:
684:
665:10 January 1793
657:
648:
621:
612:
585:
576:
549:
540:
518:1 November 1792
513:
504:
485:1 November 1792
482:18 October 1792
477:
468:
449:18 October 1792
441:
432:
405:
396:
374:Political party
366:
358:
44:
32:
21:
3431:
3430:
3426:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3421:
3420:
3391:
3390:
3376:Thompson, J.M.
3313:Greer, Donald.
3296:
3266:Furet, François
3245:
3197:
3192:
3191:
3182:
3178:
3173:
3169:
3160:
3156:
3145:
3141:
3136:
3132:
3125:
3115:
3111:
3102:
3098:
3090:
3086:
3078:Marisa Linton,
3077:
3070:
3061:
3057:
3046:
3033:
3024:
3020:
3009:
2996:
2991:
2987:
2971:William Doyle,
2970:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2955:
2918:
2914:
2908:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2871:
2811:
2667:25 August 1797
2585:
2557:
2435:4 October 1817
2320:
2312:
2165:
2155:
2129:
2098:
2067:
2031:
1995:
1959:
1923:
1887:
1851:
1815:
1779:
1743:
1713:5 January 1794
1707:
1680:5 January 1794
1671:
1635:
1599:
1563:
1532:
1507:3 October 1793
1501:
1479:3 October 1793
1470:
1434:
1404:22 August 1793
1398:
1379:Time in office
1365:Term of office
1359:
1335:22 August 1793
1326:
1290:
1254:
1218:
1182:
1163:Time in office
1149:Term of office
1143:
1100:
1098:Reign of Terror
1090:
1053:
1017:
981:
945:
915:
908:
872:
836:
833:Armand Gensonné
800:
764:
728:
692:
656:
620:
584:
581:Bertrand Barère
548:
512:
476:
446:4 October 1792
440:
413:4 October 1792
404:
385:Time in office
371:Term of office
365:
342:Battle of Valmy
324:
314:
262:Reign of Terror
166:
141:French Republic
133:26 October 1795
82:Salle du Manège
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3429:
3427:
3419:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3393:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3374:
3367:
3353:
3339:
3325:
3311:
3294:
3280:
3263:
3243:
3236:
3222:Doyle, William
3219:
3205:
3196:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3183:Sylvia Neely,
3176:
3167:
3154:
3139:
3130:
3109:
3103:Donald Greer,
3096:
3084:
3068:
3055:
3031:
3018:
2994:
2992:Doyle, p. 194.
2985:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2912:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2882:
2877:
2870:
2867:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2800:
2795:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2785:
2780:
2777:
2769:
2768:
2765:
2760:
2757:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2740:
2737:
2729:
2728:
2725:
2720:
2717:
2709:
2708:
2707:24 March 1824
2705:
2700:
2697:
2689:
2688:
2685:
2680:
2677:
2669:
2668:
2665:
2660:
2657:
2649:
2648:
2645:
2640:
2637:
2629:
2628:
2625:
2620:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2610:
2605:
2602:
2594:
2593:
2582:
2577:
2574:
2566:
2565:
2554:
2549:
2546:
2538:
2537:
2534:
2528:
2525:
2517:
2516:
2513:
2508:
2505:
2497:
2496:
2493:
2488:
2485:
2477:
2476:
2473:
2468:
2465:
2457:
2456:
2453:
2448:
2445:
2437:
2436:
2433:
2428:
2425:
2417:
2416:
2413:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2398:
2393:
2390:
2382:
2381:
2378:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2363:
2361:Louis Legendre
2358:
2355:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2337:
2334:
2326:
2325:
2309:
2304:
2301:
2293:
2292:
2289:
2284:
2281:
2273:
2272:
2269:
2263:
2260:
2252:
2251:
2248:
2243:
2240:
2232:
2231:
2228:
2222:
2219:
2211:
2210:
2207:
2202:
2199:
2191:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2060:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2024:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1988:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1965:20 April 1794
1963:
1952:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1933:
1932:20 April 1794
1930:
1927:
1916:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1893:21 March 1794
1891:
1880:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1864:
1861:
1860:21 March 1794
1858:
1857:7 March 1794
1855:
1844:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1808:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1772:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1736:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1700:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1664:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1628:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1592:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1463:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1427:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1391:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1356:
1345:
1344:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1332:8 August 1793
1330:
1319:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1303:
1300:
1299:8 August 1793
1297:
1294:
1283:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1247:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1211:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1175:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1140:
1089:
1086:
1072:
1071:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1046:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1014:Maximin Isnard
1010:
1003:
1000:
999:
994:
991:
988:
985:
974:
967:
964:
963:
958:
955:
952:
951:18 April 1793
949:
938:
931:
928:
927:
922:
919:
918:18 April 1793
916:
912:
901:
894:
891:
890:
885:
882:
879:
878:21 March 1793
876:
865:
858:
855:
854:
849:
846:
845:21 March 1793
843:
840:
829:
822:
819:
818:
813:
810:
807:
804:
793:
786:
783:
782:
777:
774:
771:
768:
757:
750:
747:
746:
741:
738:
735:
732:
721:
714:
711:
710:
705:
702:
699:
696:
685:
678:
675:
674:
669:
666:
663:
660:
649:
642:
639:
638:
633:
630:
627:
624:
613:
606:
603:
602:
597:
594:
591:
588:
577:
570:
567:
566:
561:
558:
555:
552:
545:Henri Grégoire
541:
534:
531:
530:
525:
522:
519:
516:
505:
498:
495:
494:
489:
486:
483:
480:
469:
462:
459:
458:
453:
450:
447:
444:
433:
426:
423:
422:
417:
414:
411:
408:
397:
390:
387:
386:
383:
380:
376:
375:
372:
369:
362:
313:
310:
308:overthrew it.
239:(radical) and
165:
162:
135:
134:
131:
127:
126:
121:
117:
116:
111:
107:
106:
103:
99:
98:
95:
89:
88:
79:
73:
72:
67:
63:
62:
59:
53:
52:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3428:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3372:
3368:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3295:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3261:2-02-039818-4
3258:
3254:
3250:
3244:
3241:
3237:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3203:
3199:
3198:
3194:
3186:
3180:
3177:
3171:
3168:
3164:
3158:
3155:
3151:
3150:
3143:
3140:
3134:
3131:
3123:
3119:
3113:
3110:
3106:
3100:
3097:
3093:
3088:
3085:
3081:
3075:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3059:
3056:
3052:
3051:
3044:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3025:Roger Dupuy,
3022:
3019:
3015:
3014:
3007:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2989:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2968:
2965:
2958:
2950:
2949:Joseph Fouché
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2916:
2913:
2906:
2903:
2896:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2808:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2790:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2771:
2770:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2758:
2755:
2751:
2750:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2738:
2735:
2731:
2730:
2727:20 June 1840
2726:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2711:
2710:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2695:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2638:
2635:
2631:
2630:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2590:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2568:
2567:
2563:
2562:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2540:
2539:
2535:
2532:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2519:
2518:
2515:8 March 1854
2514:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2479:
2478:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2403:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2384:
2383:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2349:
2348:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2328:
2327:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2275:
2274:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2254:
2253:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2193:
2192:
2178:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2164:
2160:
2152:
2146:
2143:
2141:14 days
2140:
2138:19 July 1794
2137:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2110:16 days
2109:
2106:
2104:19 June 1794
2103:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2079:15 days
2078:
2076:19 June 1794
2075:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2058:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2043:15 days
2042:
2039:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2007:15 days
2006:
2003:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1992:Lazare Carnot
1989:
1986:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1971:15 days
1970:
1967:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1956:Robert Lindet
1953:
1950:
1946:
1944:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1935:15 days
1934:
1931:
1929:5 April 1794
1928:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1914:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1899:15 days
1898:
1896:5 April 1794
1895:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1878:
1874:
1872:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1863:14 days
1862:
1859:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1848:Philippe RĂĽhl
1845:
1842:
1838:
1836:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1827:15 days
1826:
1824:6 March 1794
1823:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1806:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1791:15 days
1790:
1787:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1770:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1755:15 days
1754:
1751:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1734:
1730:
1728:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1719:15 days
1718:
1715:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1698:
1694:
1692:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1683:15 days
1682:
1679:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1662:
1658:
1656:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1647:15 days
1646:
1643:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1626:
1622:
1620:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1611:15 days
1610:
1607:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1590:
1586:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1575:15 days
1574:
1571:
1568:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1544:15 days
1543:
1540:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1513:19 days
1512:
1509:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1495:
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1491:
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1487:
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1482:14 days
1481:
1478:
1475:
1469:
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1445:
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1428:
1425:
1421:
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1412:
1410:14 days
1409:
1406:
1403:
1397:
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1378:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1353:
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1343:
1340:
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1337:
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1325:
1324:
1320:
1317:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1302:14 days
1301:
1298:
1296:25 July 1793
1295:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1281:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1266:14 days
1265:
1263:25 July 1793
1262:
1260:11 July 1793
1259:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1245:
1241:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1230:14 days
1229:
1227:11 July 1793
1226:
1224:27 June 1793
1223:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1209:
1205:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1194:14 days
1193:
1191:27 June 1793
1190:
1188:13 June 1793
1187:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1173:
1169:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1119:
1118:sans-culottes
1114:
1110:
1106:
1099:
1095:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1082:sans culottes
1079:
1070:
1067:
1065:14 days
1064:
1062:13 June 1793
1061:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1040:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1029:14 days
1028:
1025:
1022:
1016:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1004:
1002:
1001:
998:
995:
993:14 days
992:
989:
986:
980:
979:
975:
972:
968:
966:
965:
962:
959:
957:14 days
956:
953:
950:
944:
943:
939:
936:
932:
930:
929:
926:
923:
921:14 days
920:
917:
913:
907:
906:
902:
899:
895:
893:
892:
889:
886:
884:14 days
883:
881:4 April 1793
880:
877:
871:
870:
866:
863:
859:
857:
856:
853:
850:
848:14 days
847:
844:
842:7 March 1793
841:
835:
834:
830:
827:
823:
821:
820:
817:
814:
812:14 days
811:
809:7 March 1793
808:
805:
799:
798:
794:
791:
787:
785:
784:
781:
778:
776:14 days
775:
772:
769:
763:
762:
758:
755:
751:
749:
748:
745:
742:
740:14 days
739:
736:
733:
727:
726:
722:
719:
715:
713:
712:
709:
706:
704:14 days
703:
700:
697:
691:
690:
686:
683:
679:
677:
676:
673:
670:
668:14 days
667:
664:
661:
655:
654:
650:
647:
643:
641:
640:
637:
634:
632:14 days
631:
628:
625:
619:
618:
614:
611:
607:
605:
604:
601:
598:
596:14 days
595:
592:
589:
583:
582:
578:
575:
571:
569:
568:
565:
562:
560:14 days
559:
556:
553:
547:
546:
542:
539:
535:
533:
532:
529:
526:
524:14 days
523:
520:
517:
511:
510:
506:
503:
499:
497:
496:
493:
490:
488:14 days
487:
484:
481:
475:
474:
470:
467:
463:
461:
460:
457:
454:
452:14 days
451:
448:
445:
439:
438:
434:
431:
427:
425:
424:
421:
418:
416:14 days
415:
412:
409:
403:
402:
398:
395:
391:
389:
388:
384:
381:
378:
377:
359:
356:
353:
351:
347:
343:
339:
338:
333:
332:Philippe RĂĽhl
329:
323:
319:
311:
309:
307:
303:
299:
293:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
258:
252:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
217:
215:
211:
207:
202:
200:
196:
192:
188:
182:
179:
175:
171:
163:
161:
159:
155:
150:
149:head of state
146:
142:
132:
128:
125:
122:
118:
115:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
94:
90:
87:
83:
80:
78:
74:
71:
68:
64:
60:
58:
54:
51:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3377:
3370:
3356:
3342:
3328:
3314:
3300:
3283:
3269:
3252:
3249:Dupuy, Roger
3239:
3225:
3208:
3201:
3184:
3179:
3170:
3162:
3157:
3148:
3142:
3133:
3117:
3112:
3104:
3099:
3091:
3087:
3079:
3063:
3058:
3049:
3026:
3021:
3012:
2988:
2972:
2967:
2932:
2923:refers to 9
2921:Thermidorian
2920:
2915:
2905:
2814:
2812:
2587:
2584:20 June 1836
2559:
2380:2 July 1803
2345:31 May 1827
2314:
2311:8 March 1824
2287:André Dumont
2209:8 June 1796
2173:
2166:
2159:The Mountain
2145:The Mountain
2135:5 July 1794
2124:
2114:The Mountain
2107:5 July 1794
2095:Élie Lacoste
2093:
2083:The Mountain
2073:4 June 1794
2062:
2047:The Mountain
2040:4 June 1794
2037:20 May 1794
2026:
2011:The Mountain
2004:20 May 1794
1990:
1975:The Mountain
1954:
1939:The Mountain
1918:
1903:The Mountain
1882:
1867:The Mountain
1846:
1831:The Mountain
1810:
1795:The Mountain
1774:
1759:The Mountain
1738:
1723:The Mountain
1702:
1687:The Mountain
1666:
1651:The Mountain
1630:
1615:The Mountain
1594:
1579:The Mountain
1558:
1548:The Mountain
1527:
1517:The Mountain
1496:
1486:The Mountain
1465:
1450:The Mountain
1429:
1414:The Mountain
1393:
1376:Left office
1373:Took office
1348:
1342:The Mountain
1321:
1306:The Mountain
1285:
1270:The Mountain
1249:
1234:The Mountain
1213:
1198:The Mountain
1177:
1160:Left office
1157:Took office
1116:
1101:
1081:
1075:
1069:The Mountain
1059:30 May 1793
1048:
1026:30 May 1793
1023:16 May 1793
1012:
990:16 May 1793
976:
940:
925:The Mountain
914:4 April 1793
903:
867:
831:
816:The Mountain
795:
780:The Mountain
759:
723:
687:
651:
615:
579:
543:
528:The Mountain
507:
471:
456:The Mountain
435:
399:
382:Left office
379:Took office
354:
349:
345:
335:
327:
325:
294:
292:cemeteries.
253:
241:Thermidorian
235:(moderate),
218:
203:
187:Proclamation
183:
167:
138:
120:Final holder
110:First holder
29:
3297:(in French)
3246:(in French)
3126:(in French)
2941:Paul Barras
2471:Paul Barras
2131:(1742–1796)
2100:(1745–1806)
2069:(1758–1794)
2033:(1763–1832)
2001:5 May 1794
1997:(1753–1823)
1968:5 May 1794
1961:(1746–1825)
1925:(1755–1816)
1889:(1767–1820)
1853:(1737–1795)
1817:(1767–1794)
1781:(1761–1816)
1745:(1736–1828)
1709:(1748–1825)
1673:(1755–1794)
1637:(1751–1801)
1601:(1750–1795)
1565:(1749–1846)
1534:(1755–1815)
1503:(1754–1797)
1472:(1756–1820)
1436:(1756–1819)
1400:(1758–1794)
1361:(Born–Died)
1328:(1759–1794)
1292:(1759–1794)
1256:(1753–1813)
1220:(1753–1829)
1184:(1749–1796)
1145:(Born–Died)
1127:Montagnards
1055:(1755–1835)
1019:(1761–1830)
987:2 May 1793
983:(1760–1793)
954:2 May 1793
947:(1763–1793)
910:(1751–1798)
874:(1766–1834)
838:(1758–1793)
802:(1747–1814)
766:(1751–1840)
730:(1743–1793)
694:(1758–1793)
658:(1742–1810)
622:(1750–1831)
586:(1755–1841)
550:(1750–1831)
514:(1760–1794)
478:(1758–1794)
442:(1754–1794)
406:(1753–1794)
367:(Born–Died)
326:Initially,
302:coup d'etat
221:legislative
93:Term length
3395:Categories
2823:Directoire
2531:Jean Pelet
2323:Civil Code
2157:See also:
1092:See also:
869:Jean Debry
316:See also:
274:guillotine
266:la Terreur
237:Montagnard
154:guillotine
3351:156874791
3337:829055558
3309:417420035
3234:490913480
3217:192109705
3010:Editors,
2959:Citations
2937:Directory
2925:Thermidor
2919:The name
2843:Louis XVI
2839:regicides
2831:Consulate
2815:Directory
2589:La Marais
2561:La Marais
2316:La Marais
2189:DOD/Fate
1355:Portrait
1139:Portrait
1033:Girondins
997:Girondins
961:Girondins
888:The Plain
852:Girondins
744:Girondins
708:Girondins
672:The Plain
636:Girondins
600:The Plain
564:The Plain
492:Girondins
420:Girondins
361:Portrait
328:La Marais
322:The Plain
318:Girondins
298:Directory
282:Madeleine
257:Louis XVI
245:bourgeois
233:Girondins
225:executive
206:fortnight
160:in 1815.
130:Abolished
102:Formation
3365:36739547
3278:25094935
3122:pp. 129.
2869:See also
1123:Jacobins
1113:Girondin
1109:journées
1078:uprising
270:Jacobins
249:uprising
212:and the
199:Year One
191:Republic
174:election
3386:1052771
3195:Sources
1129:in the
97:14 days
3384:
3363:
3349:
3335:
3323:403511
3321:
3307:
3292:499613
3290:
3276:
3259:
3232:
3215:
2947:, and
2861:; and
2819:French
2183:Dates
2180:Image
1105:French
290:Picpus
288:, and
66:Status
2897:Notes
2787:1799
2415:1797
2186:Name
86:Paris
57:Style
3382:OCLC
3361:OCLC
3347:OCLC
3333:OCLC
3319:OCLC
3305:OCLC
3288:OCLC
3274:OCLC
3257:ISBN
3230:OCLC
3213:OCLC
3124:and
2977:here
2910:1793
2813:The
2556:1828
2161:and
1358:Name
1142:Name
1096:and
364:Name
320:and
223:and
168:The
77:Seat
3268:.
304:by
3397::
3251:.
3224:.
3071:^
3034:^
2997:^
2943:,
2865:.
2857:;
2853:;
2849:;
2821::
1121:,
1107::
284:,
216:.
201:.
84:,
2817:(
1103:(
20:)
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