63:
4163:
2076:
briefly in
January 2001. Thurmond's retirement from the Senate on January 3, 2003, coincided with a change from Democratic to Republican control, making Stevens president pro tempore and Byrd the second president pro tempore emeritus. In 2007, Byrd returned as president pro tempore, and Stevens became the third president pro tempore emeritus, when the Democrats gained control of the Senate. Although a president pro tempore emeritus has no official duties, they are entitled to an increase in staff, and advise party leaders on the functions of the Senate.
246:
1950:
most senior senator of the majority party, they most likely also chair a major Senate committee and have other significant demands on their time. Therefore, the president pro tempore has less time now than in the past to preside daily over the Senate. Instead, junior senators from the majority party are designated acting president pro tempore to preside over the Senate. This allows junior senators to learn proper parliamentary procedure. The acting president pro tempore is usually reappointed daily by the president pro tempore.
313:
49:
2014:
318:
2104:
1462:
1474:
4238:
1975:
4260:
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4249:
1949:
While the president pro tempore does have other official duties, the holders of the office have, like the vice president, over time ceased presiding over the Senate on a daily basis, owing to the mundane and ceremonial nature of the position. Furthermore, as the president pro tempore is usually the
1559:
During the vice president's absence, the president pro tempore is empowered to preside over Senate sessions. Except when necessary or to highlight important votes, the vice president and the president pro tempore rarely preside; instead, the duty of presiding officer is rotated among junior U.S.
1689:
Whenever the office of the vice presidency was vacant, as it was on ten occasions between 1812 and 1889, the office garnered heightened importance, for although he did not assume the vice presidency, the president pro tempore stood next in line for the presidency. Before the ratification of the
2075:
The position was created for
Thurmond when the Democratic Party regained a majority in the Senate in June 2001. With the change in party control, Democrat Robert Byrd of West Virginia replaced Thurmond as president pro tempore, reclaiming a position he had previously held from 1989 to 1995 and
1555:
The president pro tempore is elected by the Senate as a whole, usually by a resolution which is adopted by unanimous consent without a formal vote. The
Constitution does not specify who can serve in this position, but the Senate has always elected one of its current members. Unlike the vice
5986:
4518:
4528:
2091:
The salary of the president pro tempore for 2012 was $ 193,400, equal to that of the majority leaders and minority leaders of both houses of
Congress. If there is a vacancy in the office of vice president, then the salary would be the same as that of the vice president.
1679:, following the vice president and preceding the speaker. Through 1891, the president pro tempore was appointed on an intermittent basis only, when the vice president was not present to preside over the Senate, or at the adjournment of a session of Congress.
1627:, the president pro tempore and the speaker are the two authorities to whom declarations must be transmitted that the president is unable to perform the duties of the office, or is able to resume doing so. The president pro tempore is third in the line of
4513:
1686:, was elected on April 6, 1789, serving four separate terms between 1789 and 1793. "More than twelve senators held the office during the Senate's first decade", presiding over sessions, signing legislation, and performing routine administrative tasks.
4920:
1852:
factions, each promoting its own candidate. Likewise, the
Democrats proposed their own candidate. As a result of this three-way split, no individual received a majority vote. It took four months for a compromise solution to emerge: Democrat
1904:
in 1967, vacancies in the vice presidency became much less common. However, a need for the president pro tempore to preside came in
September 2001, following the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Due to heightened security concerns during President
1634:
Additional duties include appointment of various congressional officers, certain commissions, advisory boards, and committees. The president pro tempore is the designated legal recipient of various reports to the Senate, including
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Congresses), a tenure longer than anyone else. He resigned from the position due to ill health shortly before his death. Electing his successor proved difficult, as Senate
Republicans, then in the majority, were split between
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4508:
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Twenty-fifth
Amendment in 1967, a vacancy in the vice presidency could be filled only by a regular election; several individuals who served during these vacancies were referred to informally as "acting vice president".
5131:
4486:
4387:
4503:
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4937:
4392:
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2005:, similar to Metcalf's earlier designation as permanent acting president pro tempore. The office has remained vacant since 1989 and no senator other than Humphrey and Mitchell has held it since its creation.
4402:
1997:. The Senate resolution creating the position stated that any former president or former vice president serving in the Senate would be entitled to this position. However, since Humphrey, none has served.
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in the majority party has generally (though not always) been chosen to be president pro tempore and holds the office continuously until the election of another. Since the enactment of the current
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president, the president pro tempore cannot cast a tie-breaking vote when the Senate is evenly divided. The president pro tempore has enjoyed many privileges and some limited powers.
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1893:
was elected president pro tempore in
January 2023, the first woman to hold the position. At the time of her election, she was the second-most senior member of the majority party.
6704:
5713:
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1936:
had presided over all previous presidential impeachment trials, as prescribed by the
Constitution, but in this case Trump was no longer a sitting president when the trial began.
1608:
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334:
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5187:
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1982:
1826:
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1576:
1543:
1535:
988:
509:
371:
184:
1770:
was next in line to the presidency. Wade's radicalism is thought by many historians to be a major reason why the Senate, which did not want to see Wade in the
2200:
6873:
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1354:
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1293:
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1966:
was designated permanent acting president pro tempore. No term was imposed on this designation, so Metcalf retained it until he died in office in 1978.
1440:
2777:
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5368:
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4847:
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1807:
1253:
1108:
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5543:
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257:
1631:, following the vice president and the speaker, and consequently is one of the few members of Congress entitled to a full-time security detail.
6774:
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5578:
5503:
4877:
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1491:
1306:
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1205:
1145:
1125:
1023:
1008:
651:
527:
326:
6893:
6048:
6033:
5960:
5701:
5593:
5563:
5353:
4440:
4428:
2594:
2427:
2174:
2117:
1811:
1568:
1266:
1150:
997:
446:
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6349:
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4290:
3149:
1994:
1803:
1367:
367:
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reports under which they, jointly with the speaker, may require the president to call Congress back into session. The officeholder is an
6784:
6694:
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5955:
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5625:
5301:
4711:
3679:
1763:
1531:
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1160:
680:
471:
396:
1889:, as its president pro tempore. Since then, it has become customary for the majority party's most senior member to hold this position.
1425:
1405:
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283:
62:
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6391:
6245:
6001:
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1849:
1815:
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1313:
1288:
1249:
1140:
1083:
1048:
763:
265:
2817:
6794:
6724:
6545:
6520:
6259:
6058:
5878:
5691:
4435:
2979:
1886:
1359:
1344:
1320:
1235:
1053:
1035:
1030:
6540:
6277:
6266:
6219:
5932:
4812:
4347:
4283:
3299:
1372:
1223:
1165:
1120:
948:
607:
1619:, the president pro tempore is authorized to perform certain duties in the absence of the vice president, including ruling on
6754:
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488:
454:
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5306:
5232:
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has been given to a senator of the minority party who has previously served as president pro tempore. It has been held by
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1759:
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1155:
873:
278:
233:
17:
2929:
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6587:
6572:
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6412:
6355:
6104:
5965:
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5516:
5316:
5311:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4341:
4337:
4333:
1596:
612:
504:
118:
2344:
1445:
6490:
6315:
6199:
5912:
5237:
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served for a single day, August 14, 1911, during the vice president's absence. Thereafter, Bacon and four Republicans—
1840:
1836:
1572:
1259:
1043:
968:
913:
878:
2748:
6535:
6320:
5247:
4908:
2778:"The Constitutional Option to Change Senate Rules and Procedures: A Majoritarian Means to Over Come the Filibuster"
2204:
1539:
953:
858:
156:
6652:
2573:
2406:
1829:
in 1886. Both were restored to it in 1947, though this time with the president pro tempore following the speaker.
6597:
6310:
6214:
3379:
3059:
3039:
1900:
alongside the speaker of the house when there was a vacancy in the vice presidency. With the ratification of the
1747:
1708:
On three occasions during the 19th century, the Senate was without both a president and a president pro tempore:
1683:
918:
908:
903:
883:
174:
2492:
245:
5890:
4750:
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4740:
1592:
983:
833:
748:
273:
6453:
2839:
6440:
6384:
6194:
5804:
5635:
5493:
5483:
5273:
5200:
4817:
2792:
1854:
1647:
1561:
868:
863:
738:
88:
2693:
2522:
6426:
6344:
6187:
4306:
3449:
1862:
1349:
958:
923:
828:
803:
304:
296:
48:
1611:, the powers of the president pro tempore are far more limited. In the Senate, most power rests with the
6292:
5435:
5348:
5343:
3821:
3539:
3319:
2720:
1796:
1655:
1636:
943:
893:
848:
838:
823:
813:
798:
778:
753:
743:
733:
590:
312:
214:
148:
At the pleasure of the Senate, and until another is elected or their term of office as a Senator expires
122:
96:
5508:
2013:
2138:"3 U.S. Code § 19 - Vacancy in offices of both President and Vice President; officers eligible to act"
6496:
6252:
6109:
5900:
5810:
5747:
5630:
5205:
4869:
4322:
3719:
3629:
3569:
3549:
2993:
2864:
2109:
1527:
1466:
963:
938:
843:
783:
758:
728:
718:
388:
202:
136:
81:
1791:, and remained so until March 4, 1877. As acting president of the senate, he presided over the 1876
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6209:
6160:
5922:
5873:
5558:
5425:
3951:
3599:
3479:
3459:
3309:
2698:
2466:
1914:
1819:
1777:
1743:
1595:
and the first woman to hold the position, she was sworn in on January 3, 2023, at the start of the
898:
853:
793:
768:
723:
113:
2001:
was elected deputy president pro tempore in 1987, because of the illness of president pro tempore
6878:
6592:
6282:
5620:
5538:
5478:
5358:
4362:
3793:
3785:
3429:
3259:
3209:
1998:
1870:
1799:
1588:
1093:
928:
808:
773:
2380:
2867:, adopted, June 6, 2001. "Thanking and Electing Strom Thurmond President pro tempore emeritus."
6845:
6362:
6326:
6305:
5762:
5498:
5445:
5405:
5390:
5077:
3961:
3901:
3831:
3801:
3769:
3689:
3509:
3399:
3389:
3179:
3129:
3049:
2667:
2626:
2590:
2551:
2423:
2170:
1866:
1732:
1640:
1103:
973:
933:
888:
788:
690:
585:
194:
Any senator, typically a member of the majority party, designated by the President pro tempore
2586:
2580:
6124:
5523:
5373:
5192:
3931:
3669:
3659:
3639:
3619:
3439:
3159:
3089:
2419:
2413:
2166:
2160:
1736:
1713:
695:
317:
126:
6867:
6822:
6758:
6339:
5289:
5197:
4021:
4001:
3981:
3861:
3841:
3811:
3759:
3749:
3729:
3709:
3649:
3559:
3519:
3499:
3469:
3419:
3359:
3199:
3189:
3099:
2725:
2083:, shortly before Patrick Leahy was to become the first holder of the office in six years.
2002:
1990:
1978:
1832:
1784:
1721:
1478:
1098:
580:
563:
553:
496:
432:
359:
2660:"THOMAS WHITE FERRY DEAD.; Once a Senator, Acting Vice President, and a National Figure"
6857:
6834:
6811:
6728:
6433:
5605:
5528:
5455:
4852:
4131:
4061:
4041:
4011:
3971:
3921:
3777:
3739:
3529:
3229:
3079:
2984:
2825:
2156:
2080:
2065:
2033:
2017:
1906:
1858:
1755:
1728:
1717:
1620:
1397:
1324:
143:
2645:
Bomboy, Scott (August 11, 2017). "Five little-known men who almost became president".
1473:
6907:
6788:
6698:
5757:
5583:
5363:
4141:
4111:
4101:
3609:
3349:
3339:
3329:
3289:
3269:
3139:
2619:
2057:
1925:
1767:
479:
421:
399:
348:
102:
1974:
1675:
in 1789. Between 1792 and 1886, the president pro tempore was second in the line of
6748:
6738:
6718:
6708:
6628:
5852:
5752:
5400:
5395:
4151:
3991:
3881:
3871:
3699:
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3279:
2965:
2903:
2649:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: National Constitution Center. Retrieved July 18,2018.
1890:
1780:
1584:
575:
558:
546:
410:
337:
70:
1873:—alternated as president pro tempore for the remainder of that Congress' session.
2880:
2491:. Washington, D.C.: Office of the Secretary, United States Senate. Archived from
2452:"Presidential and Vice Presidential Succession: Overview and Current Legislation"
2159:, President pro tempore (2008). Erickson, Nancy (Secretary of the Senate) (ed.).
6778:
6768:
5601:
5553:
5460:
5415:
4121:
4091:
4081:
4071:
4051:
4031:
3941:
3851:
3169:
3069:
2049:
2041:
1963:
1959:
1918:
1910:
1810:. Still president pro tempore at that time, he would have temporally become the
1771:
1548:
568:
2137:
3489:
3409:
3119:
2345:"The President Pro Tempore of the Senate: History and Authority of the Office"
2099:
1697:
2671:
2072:) (2021–present). From 2009 to 2015, no senator met the requirements for it.
1825:
The president pro tempore and the speaker of the House were removed from the
5824:
5430:
2582:
Pro tem : presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate since 1789
2415:
Pro tem : presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate since 1789
2243:"A president resigns, dies or is impeached: What is the line of succession?"
2220:
The President Pro Tempore of the Senate: History and Authority of the Office
2079:
The office's accompanying budget increase was removed toward the end of the
1742:
from November 25 to December 7, 1885, following the death of Vice President
462:
2451:
2024:), former president pro tempore, and current president pro tempore emeritus
1993:, a former vice president, in 1977 following his losing bid to become the
1693:
6799:
5817:
5268:
4275:
2753:
2621:
High Crimes and Misdemeanors: The Impeachment and Trial of Andrew Johnson
2029:
2749:"Senator Patrick Leahy to preside over Trump's second impeachment trial"
5338:
2162:
Pro Tem: Presidents Pro Tempore of the United States Senate since 1789
1654:, the president pro tempore maintains order in Senate portions of the
1546:(despite not being a senator), and the Senate must choose a president
6204:
5799:
1989:
The ceremonial post of deputy president pro tempore was created for
6399:
First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln
5681:
2012:
1973:
1692:
2895:"Leahy: 'Kind of Petty' Not to Fund Emeritus Office in 'Cromnibus
6896:• ** Ambiguity exists concerning eligibility to act as president
5450:
2555:
1387:
6684:
Presidential line of succession in the United States of America
6656:
5846:
5169:
4360:
4279:
2997:
2585:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing office. pp.
2418:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing office. pp.
1958:
In June 1963, because of the illness of president pro tempore
1392:
6378:
Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States
2818:"Appointment of a Senator to the Chair – Rules of the Senate"
2550:. New York City: Fordham University Press. pp. 104–105.
1787:, being President pro tempore of the Senate, was next in the
1896:
Historically, presidents pro tempore would preside over any
244:
2694:"Patty Murray makes history as first female Senate pro tem"
2521:. Washington, D.C.: Secretary of the Senate. Archived from
1671:
The office of president pro tempore was established by the
2822:
United States Senate Committee on Rules and Administration
1985:) was the first deputy president pro tempore in 1977–1978.
1583:. The current president pro tempore of the U.S. Senate is
1560:
senators of the majority party to give them experience in
32:
List of presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate
18:
President pro tempore emeritus of the United States Senate
5171:
Powers, privileges, procedure, committees, history, media
1700:
is the only Senate president pro tempore to later become
2547:
From Failing Hands: the Story of Presidential Succession
2028:
Since 2001, the honorary title of president pro tempore
1902:
Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution
1822:
as the winner of the Electoral College vote on March 2.
1818:
not been certified by March 4, 1877; Congress certified
30:
For a list of presidents pro tempore of the Senate, see
1835:
served as president pro tempore from 1896 to 1911 (the
1607:
Although the position is in some ways analogous to the
6301:
List of artwork at the United States Capitol complex
2155:
Senate Historical Office; With a preface by Senator
1909:'s September 20 address to Congress, Vice President
6621:
6563:
6513:
6478:
6467:
6291:
6228:
6159:
6077:
6026:
6019:
5974:
5948:
5941:
5864:
5792:
5700:
5674:
5592:
5471:
5282:
5256:
5180:
5091:
5039:
5023:
4975:
4886:
4868:
4861:
4835:
4788:
4704:
4697:
4537:
4479:
4416:
4380:
4373:
1575:in 1947, the president pro tempore is third in the
209:
198:
190:
180:
170:
162:
152:
142:
132:
112:
87:
41:
6914:Presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate
3025:Presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate
2618:
1731:'s accession to the presidency upon the death of
1727:from September 19 to October 10, 1881, following
1716:'s accession to the presidency upon the death of
1542:, the vice president of the United States is the
1520:president pro tempore of the United States Senate
643:Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review
42:President pro tempore of the United States Senate
6420:George Washington and the Revolutionary War Door
5987:Emergency Planning, Preparedness, and Operations
2574:"Chapter 2: A Question of Succession, 1861-1889"
1526:) is the second-highest-ranking official of the
27:Second-highest-ranking official of the US Senate
6668:
4291:
3009:
2381:"A Brief History of Congressional Leadership"
2308:"Congressional Security Details Remain Murky"
1499:
8:
2934:Official website of the United States Senate
1806:created by Congress to resolve the disputed
1646:of various boards and commissions. With the
6448:Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way
2567:
2565:
2218:Davis, Christopher M. (December 20, 2012).
2165:. U.S. Government Printing Office. p.
1898:joint session of the United States Congress
1887:senator with the longest continuous service
6818:Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
6675:
6661:
6653:
6475:
6023:
5945:
5861:
5843:
5706:
5177:
5166:
4865:
4701:
4377:
4370:
4357:
4298:
4284:
4276:
4259:
3016:
3002:
2994:
2947:
2785:Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy
2544:Feerick, John D.; Freund, Paul A. (1965).
2407:"Chapter 1:The Formative Years, 1789–1860"
2379:Richard E. Berg-Andersson (June 7, 2001).
1615:and other individual senators, but as the
1591:. The most senior senator in the majority
1506:
1492:
222:
61:
2489:"John Tyler, Tenth Vice President (1841)"
6634:United States Capitol cornerstone laying
2572:Erickson, Nancy, ed. (August 22, 2008).
2405:Erickson, Nancy, ed. (August 22, 2008).
2276:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2222:(Report). Congressional Research Service
2201:"Hillary takes Senate gavel–for an hour"
1712:from July 9 to July 11, 1850, following
1552:to act in the vice president's absence.
6705:Speaker of the House of Representatives
5401:Majority of the majority (Hastert Rule)
2961:Speaker of the House of Representatives
2893:Lesniewski, Niels (December 10, 2014).
2450:Neale, Thomas H. (September 27, 2004).
2203:. CNN. January 24, 2001. Archived from
2129:
1609:speaker of the House of Representatives
1581:speaker of the House of Representatives
638:Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court
628:Multidistrict Litigation Judicial Panel
232:
227:This article is part of a series on the
6808:Secretary of Health and Human Services
4878:Caucuses of the United States Congress
2343:Sachs, Richard C. (January 22, 2003).
1954:Permanent acting president pro tempore
1766:in 1868, Senate President pro tempore
38:
2352:Congressional Research Service Report
2338:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2195:
2193:
2118:Seniority in the United States Senate
998:Elections in the District of Columbia
7:
4248:
2952:U.S. presidential line of succession
2374:
2372:
1881:In January 1945, the Senate elected
1577:line of succession to the presidency
1368:United States and the United Nations
600:Inferior Courts of the United States
6715:President pro tempore of the Senate
4509:Expelled, censured, and reprimanded
1783:died on November 22, 1875. Senator
1579:, after the vice president and the
472:Vice President of the United States
1934:Chief Justice of the United States
1930:second impeachment of Donald Trump
1750:was elected president pro tempore.
1739:was elected president pro tempore;
1724:was elected president pro tempore;
1625:25th Amendment to the Constitution
536:Supreme Court of the United States
25:
6392:Progress of Civilization Pediment
6246:Congressional Pictorial Directory
5099:By length of service historically
2306:Stricherz, Mark (June 16, 2017).
2142:LII / Legal Information Institute
1758:, who had no vice president, was
1682:The first president pro tempore,
1673:Constitution of the United States
266:Constitution of the United States
53:Seal of the president pro tempore
6260:Official Congressional Directory
5879:Gov. Accountability Office (GAO)
4258:
4247:
4237:
4236:
4161:
2776:Gold, Martin B.; Gupta, Dimple.
2692:Goodwin, Liz (January 3, 2023).
2625:. William Morrow & Company.
2102:
1913:stayed at another location as a
1472:
1460:
711:Elections by State and Territory
316:
311:
47:
6069:Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper
4916:Arab and Middle Eastern members
4813:Bipartisan Legal Advisory Group
4348:Lists of United States Congress
1827:presidential line of succession
1789:line of presidential succession
1373:United Nations Security Council
1276:District of Columbia Government
6874:Secretary of Homeland Security
6171:Congressional Research Service
5918:Congr. Workplace Rights (OCWR)
4921:Asian Pacific American members
2463:Congressional Research Service
2356:Congressional Research Service
2241:Lord, Debbie (June 18, 2018).
2009:President pro tempore emeritus
1702:President of the United States
489:United States Attorney General
455:President of the United States
1:
6864:Secretary of Veterans Affairs
6406:Surrender of General Burgoyne
5763:Old Brick Capitol (1815–1819)
4926:Asian Pacific American Caucus
4519:Lost re-election in a primary
633:Alien Terrorist Removal Court
6413:Surrender of Lord Cornwallis
6356:The Apotheosis of Washington
6090:Chief Administrative Officer
5928:Gov. Publishing Office (GPO)
1970:Deputy president pro tempore
1945:Acting president pro tempore
1917:, and President Pro Tempore
623:Court of International Trade
6919:Legislative deputy speakers
6831:Secretary of Transportation
6578:Health and Fitness Facility
6370:Declaration of Independence
5139:Killed or wounded in office
4960:Congressional Jewish Caucus
4933:Hispanic and Latino members
1617:chamber's presiding officer
1573:Presidential Succession Act
6940:
5992:Interparliamentary Affairs
5913:Congr. Budget Office (CBO)
5549:Riddick's Senate Procedure
4976:Gender and sexual identity
2721:"Cheney not at the speech"
1885:, who at the time was the
1808:1876 presidential election
1623:. Additionally, under the
1603:Power and responsibilities
1540:United States Constitution
157:United States Constitution
75:since January 3, 2023
29:
6890:
6765:Secretary of the Interior
6735:Secretary of the Treasury
6690:
6598:Old Supreme Court Chamber
6311:Congressional Prayer Room
5860:
5842:
5758:Congress Hall (1790–1800)
5709:
5176:
5165:
5104:Current members by wealth
4529:Elected but did not serve
4369:
4356:
4313:
4170:
4159:
3031:
2976:
2971:
2957:
2950:
1921:presided in his absence.
1064:List of political parties
80:
58:
46:
6775:Secretary of Agriculture
5891:Architect of the Capitol
5753:Federal Hall (1789–1790)
4894:African-American members
4318:House of Representatives
2791:(1): 211. Archived from
1802:and the meetings of the
1593:Senate Democratic Caucus
1467:United States portal
979:Northern Mariana Islands
327:House of Representatives
6441:Washington at Princeton
6385:Apotheosis of Democracy
5805:Congressional Quarterly
5494:Executive communication
5484:Blue slip (U.S. Senate)
5441:Suspension of the rules
4967:Native American members
4393:By shortness of service
2930:"President pro tempore"
2459:CRS Report for Congress
2282:"President Pro Tempore"
1677:presidential succession
1629:presidential succession
1562:parliamentary procedure
1544:president of the Senate
1538:, Section Three of the
1196:Individualist anarchism
368:Congressional districts
153:Constituting instrument
6854:Secretary of Education
6608:Webster Page Residence
6583:House Recording Studio
6427:Revolutionary War Door
6188:Register of Copyrights
5769:Biographical Directory
5238:"Necessary and Proper"
4778:Policy Committee Chair
4756:Policy Committee Chair
4307:United States Congress
2025:
1995:Senate majority leader
1986:
1924:President pro tempore
1816:Electoral College vote
1774:, acquitted Johnson.
1768:Benjamin Franklin Wade
1705:
1658:and Senate buildings.
1333:Diplomatic missions of
1211:Political polarization
681:Presidential elections
305:United States Congress
249:
6785:Secretary of Commerce
5933:Technology Assessment
5354:Dear Colleague letter
5349:Continuing resolution
5344:Concurrent resolution
4823:Republican Conference
4763:Republican Conference
4724:President pro tempore
4456:Born outside the U.S.
4195:Democratic-Republican
2016:
1977:
1797:U.S. Secretary of War
1696:
1567:Since 1890, the most
408:President Pro Tempore
248:
123:United States Capitol
6924:United States Senate
6745:Secretary of Defense
6497:Mountains and Clouds
6253:Congressional Record
6110:Floor Services Chief
5997:Law Revision Counsel
5748:Continental Congress
5243:Power of enforcement
5206:Contempt of Congress
5109:From multiple states
5062:Mormon (LDS) members
4870:Congressional caucus
4514:Served a single term
4446:Expelled or censured
4388:By length of service
2840:"Hubert H. Humphrey"
2828:on December 2, 2016.
2729:. September 21, 2001
2666:. October 15, 1896.
2617:Smith, Gene (1977).
2461:. Washington, D.C.:
2286:United States Senate
2207:on January 20, 2010.
2110:United States portal
1804:Electoral Commission
1667:Position established
1528:United States Senate
1522:(often shortened to
1337:in the United States
1077:Political ideologies
701:Presidential primary
137:United States Senate
82:United States Senate
6841:Secretary of Energy
6521:Building Commission
6002:Legislative Counsel
5923:Library of Congress
5884:Comptroller General
5874:Congressional staff
5559:Senatorial courtesy
4948:Hispanic Conference
4363:Members and leaders
4207:National Republican
4183:Anti-Administration
2699:The Washington Post
2467:Library of Congress
2064:) (2015–2021), and
1915:designated survivor
1820:Rutherford B. Hayes
1744:Thomas A. Hendricks
1569:senior U.S. senator
1479:Politics portal
1314:Department of State
989:U.S. Virgin Islands
6879:Alejandro Mayorkas
6795:Secretary of Labor
6725:Secretary of State
6593:Old Senate Chamber
6459:VP Bust Collection
6283:United States Code
6215:Jefferson Building
5908:Cap. Guide Service
5775:Divided government
5692:Seal of the Senate
5656:Select and special
5621:Discharge petition
5574:Tie-breaking votes
5539:Recess appointment
5479:Advice and consent
5359:Discharge petition
5302:Appropriation bill
5211:Declaration of war
4403:Non-voting members
4177:Pro-Administration
2980:Secretary of State
2846:. Evisum Inc. 2000
2798:on January 7, 2010
2757:. January 26, 2021
2664:The New York Times
2647:Constitution Daily
2515:"Lafayette Foster"
2026:
1999:George J. Mitchell
1987:
1928:presided over the
1706:
1321:Secretary of State
691:Off-year elections
673:National Elections
380:Non-voting members
258:Federal government
250:
6901:
6900:
6846:Jennifer Granholm
6650:
6649:
6646:
6645:
6642:
6641:
6559:
6558:
6363:Statue of Freedom
6327:Statue of Freedom
6306:Brumidi Corridors
6278:Statutes at Large
6232:Publishing Office
6155:
6154:
6015:
6014:
5838:
5837:
5834:
5833:
5788:
5787:
5736:election disputes
5724:speaker elections
5687:Mace of the House
5534:Presiding Officer
5499:Executive session
5446:Unanimous consent
5406:Multiple referral
5391:Lame-duck session
5161:
5160:
5157:
5156:
5087:
5086:
4887:Ethnic and racial
4831:
4830:
4818:Democratic Caucus
4741:Democratic Caucus
4693:
4692:
4273:
4272:
2992:
2991:
2987:
2977:Succeeded by
2596:978-0-16-079984-6
2519:Art & History
2429:978-0-16-079984-6
2249:. Cox Media Group
2176:978-0-16-079984-6
1940:Related officials
1867:Henry Cabot Lodge
1793:impeachment trial
1733:James A. Garfield
1524:president pro tem
1516:
1515:
1355:Visa requirements
1307:Foreign relations
1206:Political culture
1146:Constitutionalism
1024:Political parties
1009:List of Elections
696:Primary elections
686:Midterm elections
608:Courts of appeals
236:
221:
220:
205:193,400 per annum
16:(Redirected from
6931:
6894:act as president
6892:* Ineligible to
6882:
6849:
6826:
6803:
6755:Attorney General
6677:
6670:
6663:
6654:
6476:
6293:Capitol Building
6267:U.S. Gov. Manual
6220:Madison Building
6183:Copyright Office
6147:Sergeant at Arms
6105:Floor Operations
6024:
5946:
5862:
5844:
5707:
5524:Morning business
5411:House procedures
5374:Joint resolution
5178:
5167:
5047:Buddhist members
4866:
4702:
4524:Switched parties
4471:Switched parties
4408:Unseated members
4398:Youngest members
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2958:Preceded by
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2884:
2874:
2868:
2862:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2836:
2830:
2829:
2824:. Archived from
2814:
2808:
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2385:The Green Papers
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2152:
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2112:
2107:
2106:
2105:
1883:Kenneth McKellar
1812:acting president
1737:Thomas F. Bayard
1714:Millard Fillmore
1652:sergeant at arms
1508:
1501:
1494:
1477:
1476:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1284:District Council
1267:Local government
1151:Environmentalism
515:Executive Office
510:Federal agencies
320:
315:
235:Politics of the
234:
223:
217:
127:Washington, D.C.
99:(when presiding)
65:
51:
39:
21:
6939:
6938:
6934:
6933:
6932:
6930:
6929:
6928:
6904:
6903:
6902:
6897:
6886:
6877:
6868:Denis McDonough
6844:
6823:Adrianne Todman
6821:
6798:
6759:Merrick Garland
6686:
6681:
6651:
6638:
6617:
6565:
6555:
6509:
6470:
6463:
6340:Hall of Columns
6287:
6231:
6224:
6162:
6151:
6132:Parliamentarian
6073:
6064:Parliamentarian
6011:
5970:
5937:
5866:
5856:
5849:Capitol Complex
5830:
5784:
5780:Party divisions
5696:
5670:
5588:
5472:Senate-specific
5467:
5322:Closed sessions
5290:Act of Congress
5278:
5252:
5248:Taxing/spending
5172:
5153:
5144:Party switchers
5113:Died in office
5083:
5035:
5019:
4988:Equality Caucus
4971:
4943:Hispanic Caucus
4882:
4857:
4827:
4784:
4689:
4533:
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4365:
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2871:
2865:S.Res. 103
2863:
2859:
2849:
2847:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2816:
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2811:
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2799:
2795:
2780:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2760:
2758:
2747:
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2732:
2730:
2726:Tampa Bay Times
2719:
2718:
2714:
2704:
2702:
2691:
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2686:
2676:
2674:
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2563:
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2525:on June 4, 2011
2513:
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2101:
2098:
2089:
2056:) (2007–2009),
2048:) (2003–2007),
2040:) (2001–2003),
2011:
2003:John C. Stennis
1991:Hubert Humphrey
1979:Hubert Humphrey
1972:
1956:
1947:
1942:
1879:
1871:Frank Brandegee
1863:Jacob Gallinger
1833:William P. Frye
1800:William Belknap
1785:Thomas W. Ferry
1754:When President
1722:William R. King
1669:
1664:
1621:points of order
1613:majority leader
1605:
1534:. According to
1512:
1483:
1471:
1461:
1459:
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1384:
1364:
1345:Nationality law
1341:
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1298:
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677:
668:
658:
657:
652:Other tribunals
647:
613:District courts
595:
530:
520:
519:
501:
497:Merrick Garland
449:
439:
438:
433:Mitch McConnell
430:Minority Leader
419:Majority Leader
384:
360:Hakeem Jeffries
357:Minority Leader
346:Majority Leader
322:
299:
289:
288:
260:
237:
213:
108:
97:Madam President
76:
74:
73:
69:
66:
54:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6937:
6935:
6927:
6926:
6921:
6916:
6906:
6905:
6899:
6898:
6891:
6888:
6887:
6885:
6884:
6871:
6861:
6858:Miguel Cardona
6851:
6838:
6835:Pete Buttigieg
6828:
6815:
6812:Xavier Becerra
6805:
6792:
6782:
6772:
6762:
6752:
6742:
6732:
6729:Antony Blinken
6722:
6712:
6702:
6695:Vice President
6691:
6688:
6687:
6682:
6680:
6679:
6672:
6665:
6657:
6648:
6647:
6644:
6643:
6640:
6639:
6637:
6636:
6631:
6625:
6623:
6619:
6618:
6616:
6615:
6610:
6605:
6600:
6595:
6590:
6588:Senate chamber
6585:
6580:
6575:
6573:Botanic Garden
6569:
6567:
6561:
6560:
6557:
6556:
6554:
6553:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6533:
6528:
6526:office lottery
6523:
6517:
6515:
6511:
6510:
6508:
6507:
6502:
6501:
6500:
6488:
6482:
6480:
6473:
6465:
6464:
6462:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6444:
6437:
6434:Columbus Doors
6430:
6423:
6416:
6409:
6402:
6395:
6388:
6381:
6374:
6366:
6359:
6352:
6350:Visitor Center
6347:
6342:
6337:
6332:
6331:
6330:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6297:
6295:
6289:
6288:
6286:
6285:
6280:
6275:
6270:
6263:
6256:
6249:
6242:
6240:Public Printer
6236:
6234:
6226:
6225:
6223:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6210:Adams Building
6207:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6191:
6190:
6180:
6179:
6178:
6167:
6165:
6157:
6156:
6153:
6152:
6150:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6128:
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6112:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6081:
6079:
6075:
6074:
6072:
6071:
6066:
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6056:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6030:
6028:
6021:
6017:
6016:
6013:
6012:
6010:
6009:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5978:
5976:
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5969:
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5963:
5958:
5952:
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5925:
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5915:
5910:
5905:
5904:
5903:
5893:
5888:
5887:
5886:
5876:
5870:
5868:
5858:
5857:
5847:
5840:
5839:
5836:
5835:
5832:
5831:
5829:
5828:
5821:
5814:
5807:
5802:
5796:
5794:
5790:
5789:
5786:
5785:
5783:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5744:
5743:
5738:
5731:Senate history
5728:
5727:
5726:
5721:
5710:
5704:
5698:
5697:
5695:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5678:
5676:
5672:
5671:
5669:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5606:ranking member
5598:
5596:
5590:
5589:
5587:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5569:Standing Rules
5566:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5544:Reconciliation
5541:
5536:
5531:
5529:Nuclear option
5526:
5521:
5518:Senate Journal
5514:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5475:
5473:
5469:
5468:
5466:
5465:
5464:
5463:
5458:
5456:Line-item veto
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5421:Reconciliation
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5387:
5386:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5335:
5334:
5329:
5319:
5314:
5312:Budget process
5309:
5304:
5299:
5298:
5297:
5286:
5284:
5280:
5279:
5277:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5260:
5258:
5254:
5253:
5251:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5233:Naturalization
5230:
5229:
5228:
5223:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5195:
5190:
5184:
5182:
5174:
5173:
5170:
5163:
5162:
5159:
5158:
5155:
5154:
5152:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5135:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5095:
5093:
5089:
5088:
5085:
5084:
5082:
5081:
5074:
5072:Quaker members
5069:
5067:Muslim members
5064:
5059:
5057:Jewish members
5054:
5049:
5043:
5041:
5037:
5036:
5034:
5033:
5027:
5025:
5021:
5020:
5018:
5017:
5016:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4992:
4991:
4990:
4979:
4977:
4973:
4972:
4970:
4969:
4964:
4963:
4962:
4955:Jewish members
4952:
4951:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4930:
4929:
4928:
4918:
4913:
4912:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4890:
4888:
4884:
4883:
4881:
4880:
4874:
4872:
4863:
4859:
4858:
4856:
4855:
4853:Gerrymandering
4850:
4845:
4839:
4837:
4833:
4832:
4829:
4828:
4826:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4804:
4803:
4792:
4790:
4786:
4785:
4783:
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4781:
4780:
4775:
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4760:
4759:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4738:
4733:
4732:
4731:
4721:
4720:
4719:
4708:
4706:
4699:
4695:
4694:
4691:
4690:
4688:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
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4541:
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4535:
4534:
4532:
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4526:
4521:
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4506:
4501:
4496:
4495:
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4483:
4481:
4477:
4476:
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4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
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4443:
4438:
4433:
4432:
4431:
4420:
4418:
4414:
4413:
4411:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4384:
4382:
4375:
4367:
4366:
4361:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4350:
4345:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4314:
4311:
4310:
4305:
4303:
4302:
4295:
4288:
4280:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4267:
4256:
4245:
4233:
4232:
4226:
4220:
4214:
4208:
4202:
4196:
4190:
4184:
4178:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4160:
4158:
4156:
4155:
4154:(2023–present)
4145:
4135:
4125:
4115:
4105:
4095:
4085:
4075:
4065:
4055:
4045:
4035:
4025:
4015:
4005:
3995:
3985:
3975:
3965:
3955:
3945:
3935:
3925:
3915:
3905:
3895:
3885:
3875:
3865:
3855:
3845:
3835:
3825:
3815:
3805:
3763:
3753:
3743:
3733:
3723:
3713:
3703:
3693:
3683:
3673:
3663:
3653:
3643:
3633:
3623:
3613:
3603:
3593:
3583:
3573:
3563:
3553:
3543:
3533:
3523:
3513:
3503:
3493:
3483:
3473:
3463:
3453:
3443:
3433:
3423:
3413:
3403:
3393:
3383:
3373:
3363:
3353:
3343:
3333:
3323:
3313:
3303:
3293:
3283:
3273:
3263:
3253:
3243:
3233:
3223:
3213:
3203:
3193:
3183:
3173:
3163:
3153:
3143:
3133:
3123:
3113:
3103:
3093:
3083:
3073:
3063:
3053:
3043:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3023:
3021:
3020:
3013:
3006:
2998:
2990:
2989:
2985:Antony Blinken
2978:
2975:
2970:
2959:
2955:
2954:
2946:
2945:
2924:
2923:External links
2921:
2918:
2917:
2885:
2883:, amended 2003
2869:
2857:
2831:
2809:
2768:
2740:
2712:
2684:
2651:
2638:
2631:
2609:
2595:
2561:
2536:
2506:
2495:on May 6, 2011
2480:
2442:
2428:
2397:
2368:
2324:
2298:
2260:
2233:
2210:
2189:
2175:
2157:Robert C. Byrd
2147:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2097:
2094:
2088:
2085:
2081:113th Congress
2066:Chuck Grassley
2038:South Carolina
2034:Strom Thurmond
2018:Chuck Grassley
2010:
2007:
1971:
1968:
1955:
1952:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1907:George W. Bush
1878:
1875:
1859:Charles Curtis
1855:Augustus Bacon
1778:Vice President
1756:Andrew Johnson
1752:
1751:
1740:
1729:Chester Arthur
1725:
1718:Zachary Taylor
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1637:War Powers Act
1604:
1601:
1597:118th Congress
1532:vice president
1514:
1513:
1511:
1510:
1503:
1496:
1488:
1485:
1484:
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1469:
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1438:
1436:European Union
1433:
1431:United Kingdom
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1383:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1375:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1340:
1339:
1328:
1327:
1325:Antony Blinken
1317:
1316:
1310:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1294:Superior Court
1291:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1270:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1257:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1227:
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1208:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1193:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1161:Libertarianism
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1128:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1114:Traditionalist
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1080:
1075:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1059:
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1038:
1033:
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1021:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1002:
1001:
992:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
969:American Samoa
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
914:South Carolina
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
879:North Carolina
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
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766:
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714:
713:
706:
705:
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703:
693:
688:
683:
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675:
669:
664:
663:
660:
659:
656:
655:
646:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
610:
604:
603:
594:
593:
588:
583:
578:
572:
571:
566:
561:
556:
550:
549:
540:
539:
531:
526:
525:
522:
521:
518:
517:
512:
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500:
499:
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492:
484:
483:
476:
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467:
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459:
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215:www.senate.gov
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119:Senate chamber
116:
110:
109:
107:
106:
100:
93:
91:
85:
84:
78:
77:
67:
60:
59:
56:
55:
52:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6936:
6925:
6922:
6920:
6917:
6915:
6912:
6911:
6909:
6895:
6889:
6880:
6875:
6872:
6869:
6865:
6862:
6859:
6855:
6852:
6847:
6842:
6839:
6836:
6832:
6829:
6824:
6819:
6816:
6813:
6809:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6793:
6790:
6789:Gina Raimondo
6786:
6783:
6780:
6776:
6773:
6770:
6766:
6763:
6760:
6756:
6753:
6750:
6746:
6743:
6740:
6736:
6733:
6730:
6726:
6723:
6720:
6716:
6713:
6710:
6706:
6703:
6700:
6699:Kamala Harris
6696:
6693:
6692:
6689:
6685:
6678:
6673:
6671:
6666:
6664:
6659:
6658:
6655:
6635:
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6609:
6606:
6604:
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6596:
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6589:
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6518:
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6512:
6506:
6503:
6499:
6498:
6494:
6493:
6492:
6489:
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6408:
6407:
6403:
6401:
6400:
6396:
6394:
6393:
6389:
6387:
6386:
6382:
6380:
6379:
6375:
6373:
6371:
6367:
6365:
6364:
6360:
6358:
6357:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6345:Statuary Hall
6343:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6329:
6328:
6324:
6323:
6322:
6319:
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6233:
6227:
6221:
6218:
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6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6200:Poet Laureate
6198:
6196:
6193:
6189:
6186:
6185:
6184:
6181:
6177:
6174:
6173:
6172:
6169:
6168:
6166:
6164:
6158:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6142:Reading Clerk
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6126:
6123:
6122:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
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6037:
6035:
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6029:
6025:
6022:
6018:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5982:Congr. Ethics
5980:
5979:
5977:
5973:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5953:
5951:
5947:
5944:
5940:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
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5911:
5909:
5906:
5902:
5899:
5898:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5885:
5882:
5881:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5871:
5869:
5863:
5859:
5854:
5850:
5845:
5841:
5827:
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5808:
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5725:
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5714:House history
5712:
5711:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5699:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5679:
5677:
5673:
5667:
5666:Subcommittees
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5651:List (Senate)
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
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5612:
5609:
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5600:
5599:
5597:
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5591:
5585:
5584:Treaty Clause
5582:
5580:
5577:
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5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
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5555:
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5480:
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5470:
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5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5385:
5382:
5381:
5380:
5379:Joint session
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5364:Enrolled bill
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
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5342:
5340:
5337:
5333:
5330:
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5133:
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5115:
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5112:
5110:
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5080:
5079:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5052:Hindu members
5050:
5048:
5045:
5044:
5042:
5038:
5032:
5029:
5028:
5026:
5022:
5014:
5013:current House
5011:
5009:
5008:Issues Caucus
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4995:
4993:
4989:
4986:
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4879:
4876:
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4864:
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4854:
4851:
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4848:Apportionment
4846:
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4834:
4824:
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4364:
4359:
4355:
4349:
4346:
4343:
4340: →
4339:
4336: ←
4335:
4331:
4329:
4328:Joint session
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4315:
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4308:
4301:
4296:
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3141:
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2931:
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2906:
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2900:
2889:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2877:2 U.S.C.
2873:
2870:
2866:
2861:
2858:
2845:
2841:
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2832:
2827:
2823:
2819:
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2639:
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2632:0-688-03072-6
2628:
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2100:
2095:
2093:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2077:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2058:Patrick Leahy
2055:
2051:
2047:
2046:West Virginia
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1953:
1951:
1944:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1932:in 2021. The
1931:
1927:
1926:Patrick Leahy
1922:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1903:
1899:
1894:
1892:
1888:
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1876:
1874:
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1480:
1475:
1470:
1468:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1441:Latin America
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
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1348:
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1342:
1338:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1315:
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1311:
1308:
1303:
1302:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1228:
1225:
1220:
1219:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1181:Republicanism
1179:
1177:
1176:Protectionism
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1132:
1131:Progressivism
1129:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1073:
1072:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1044:Third parties
1042:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1020:
1019:
1012:
1010:
1005:
1004:
1000:
999:
995:
994:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
954:West Virginia
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
859:New Hampshire
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
819:Massachusetts
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
716:
712:
709:
708:
702:
699:
698:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
678:
674:
671:
670:
667:
662:
661:
654:
653:
649:
648:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
618:
614:
611:
609:
606:
605:
602:
601:
597:
596:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
573:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
551:
548:
545:
544:Chief Justice
542:
541:
538:
537:
533:
532:
529:
524:
523:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
502:
498:
495:
494:
491:
490:
486:
485:
481:
480:Kamala Harris
478:
477:
474:
473:
469:
468:
464:
461:
460:
457:
456:
452:
451:
448:
443:
442:
434:
431:
428:
427:
423:
422:Chuck Schumer
420:
417:
416:
412:
409:
406:
405:
401:
400:Kamala Harris
398:
395:
394:
391:
390:
386:
385:
381:
378:
377:
373:
369:
366:
365:
361:
358:
355:
354:
350:
349:Steve Scalise
347:
344:
343:
339:
336:
333:
332:
329:
328:
324:
323:
321:
319:
314:
307:
306:
302:
301:
298:
293:
292:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
271:
268:
267:
263:
262:
259:
254:
253:
247:
243:
242:
239:
238:United States
231:
228:
225:
224:
216:
212:
208:
204:
201:
197:
193:
189:
186:
183:
179:
176:
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169:
166:March 4, 1789
165:
161:
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155:
151:
147:
145:
141:
138:
135:
131:
128:
124:
120:
117:
115:
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104:
103:The Honorable
101:
98:
95:
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92:
90:
86:
83:
79:
72:
64:
57:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
6749:Lloyd Austin
6739:Janet Yellen
6719:Patty Murray
6714:
6709:Mike Johnson
6629:Capitol Hill
6495:
6446:
6439:
6432:
6425:
6418:
6411:
6404:
6397:
6390:
6383:
6376:
6369:
6361:
6354:
6325:
6265:
6258:
6251:
6244:
5853:Capitol Hill
5823:
5816:
5809:
5768:
5646:List (House)
5641:List (Joint)
5611:Of the Whole
5517:
5510:
5509:Jefferson's
5396:Magic minute
5149:Slave owners
5132:2000–present
5078:Sikh members
5076:
4983:LGBT members
4909:Black Caucus
4723:
4685:118th (2023)
4680:117th (2021)
4675:116th (2019)
4670:115th (2017)
4665:114th (2015)
4660:113th (2013)
4655:112th (2011)
4650:111th (2009)
4645:110th (2007)
4640:109th (2005)
4635:108th (2003)
4630:107th (2001)
4625:106th (1999)
4620:105th (1997)
4615:104th (1995)
4610:103rd (1993)
4605:102nd (1991)
4600:101st (1989)
4595:100th (1987)
3024:
2973:3rd in line
2972:
2966:Mike Johnson
2939:November 27,
2937:. Retrieved
2933:
2908:. Retrieved
2904:CQ Roll Call
2902:
2888:
2872:
2860:
2850:December 24,
2848:. Retrieved
2844:Virtualology
2843:
2834:
2826:the original
2821:
2812:
2802:November 18,
2800:. Retrieved
2793:the original
2788:
2784:
2771:
2759:. Retrieved
2752:
2743:
2731:. Retrieved
2724:
2715:
2703:. Retrieved
2697:
2687:
2675:. Retrieved
2663:
2654:
2646:
2641:
2620:
2612:
2600:. Retrieved
2581:
2546:
2539:
2527:. Retrieved
2523:the original
2518:
2509:
2497:. Retrieved
2493:the original
2483:
2471:. Retrieved
2469:. p. 22
2458:
2445:
2433:. Retrieved
2414:
2400:
2390:November 17,
2388:. Retrieved
2384:
2359:. Retrieved
2351:
2315:. Retrieved
2312:rollcall.com
2311:
2301:
2289:. Retrieved
2285:
2251:. Retrieved
2246:
2236:
2226:February 23,
2224:. Retrieved
2213:
2205:the original
2180:. Retrieved
2161:
2150:
2141:
2132:
2090:
2078:
2074:
2027:
1988:
1957:
1948:
1923:
1895:
1891:Patty Murray
1880:
1850:conservative
1839:through the
1831:
1824:
1781:Henry Wilson
1776:
1753:
1748:John Sherman
1707:
1688:
1684:John Langdon
1681:
1670:
1641:
1633:
1606:
1585:Patty Murray
1566:
1558:
1554:
1547:
1530:, after the
1523:
1519:
1517:
1274:
1250:Legislatures
1230:
1141:Abolitionism
1084:Conservatism
1006:
996:
919:South Dakota
909:Rhode Island
904:Pennsylvania
884:North Dakota
710:
672:
650:
598:
547:John Roberts
534:
487:
470:
453:
411:Patty Murray
407:
387:
338:Mike Johnson
325:
310:
303:
264:
226:
175:John Langdon
171:First holder
71:Patty Murray
36:
6779:Tom Vilsack
6769:Deb Haaland
6603:Power Plant
6195:Law Library
5896:Cap. Police
5865:Legislative
5554:Senate hold
5461:Pocket veto
5436:Sponsorship
5416:Quorum call
5216:Impeachment
4590:99th (1985)
4585:98th (1983)
4580:97th (1981)
4575:96th (1979)
4570:95th (1977)
4565:94th (1975)
4560:93rd (1973)
4555:92nd (1971)
4550:91st (1969)
4545:90th (1967)
4538:New members
4231:Independent
4144:(2021–2023)
4134:(2019–2021)
4124:(2015–2019)
4114:(2012–2015)
4104:(2010–2012)
4094:(2007–2010)
4084:(2003–2007)
4074:(2001–2003)
4044:(1995–2001)
4034:(1989–1995)
4024:(1987–1989)
4014:(1981–1987)
4004:(1980–1981)
3984:(1979–1980)
3974:(1972–1978)
3964:(1971–1972)
3954:(1969–1971)
3944:(1957–1969)
3934:(1955–1957)
3924:(1953–1955)
3914:(1949–1953)
3904:(1947–1949)
3894:(1945–1947)
3884:(1941–1945)
3864:(1940–1941)
3854:(1933–1940)
3844:(1925–1933)
3834:(1919–1925)
3824:(1916–1919)
3814:(1913–1916)
3804:(1911–1913)
3762:(1896–1911)
3732:(1893–1895)
3722:(1891–1893)
3712:(1887–1891)
3702:(1885–1887)
3692:(1883–1885)
3682:(1881–1883)
3662:(1879–1880)
3652:(1875–1879)
3632:(1873–1875)
3622:(1869–1873)
3612:(1867–1869)
3602:(1865–1867)
3592:(1864–1865)
3582:(1861–1864)
3570:Fitzpatrick
3552:(1857–1860)
3550:Fitzpatrick
3522:(1856–1857)
3502:(1854–1856)
3482:(1852–1854)
3472:(1850–1852)
3462:(1846–1849)
3442:(1842–1845)
3432:(1841–1842)
3422:(1836–1841)
3392:(1832–1833)
3380:L. Tazewell
3372:(1828–1831)
3362:(1826–1827)
3352:(1820–1825)
3332:(1814–1819)
3322:(1813–1814)
3312:(1812–1813)
3262:(1808–1809)
3252:(1805–1808)
3222:(1803–1804)
3212:(1802–1803)
3202:(1801–1802)
3080:H. Tazewell
3062:(1792–1793)
2881:§ 6115
2361:December 9,
2050:Ted Stevens
2042:Robert Byrd
1964:Lee Metcalf
1960:Carl Hayden
1919:Robert Byrd
1911:Dick Cheney
1846:progressive
1772:White House
1549:pro tempore
1536:Article One
1446:Arab League
1360:Visa policy
1236:Territorial
1049:Libertarian
984:Puerto Rico
834:Mississippi
749:Connecticut
297:Legislature
144:Term length
6908:Categories
6825:(acting)**
6802:(acting)**
6566:facilities
6273:Serial Set
6161:Library of
6137:Postmaster
6100:Doorkeeper
5961:Historical
5616:Conference
5594:Committees
5579:Traditions
5504:Filibuster
5257:Privileges
5031:Physicians
5024:Occupation
4773:Vice-Chair
4374:Membership
4225:Republican
4219:Democratic
4201:Jacksonian
4189:Federalist
3902:Vandenberg
3862:W. H. King
3470:W. R. King
3420:W. R. King
3400:Poindexter
2910:January 7,
2705:January 3,
2529:August 16,
2499:August 16,
2182:January 9,
2124:References
1877:Modern era
1698:John Tyler
1642:ex officio
1589:Washington
1238:government
1224:Federalism
1166:Monarchism
1121:Liberalism
1036:Republican
1031:Democratic
949:Washington
869:New Mexico
864:New Jersey
739:California
181:Succession
6541:Longworth
6471:buildings
6454:VP's Room
6115:Historian
6054:Librarian
6049:Historian
6034:Secretary
6020:Employees
5825:Roll Call
5636:Oversight
5564:Seniority
5431:Saxbe fix
5369:Expulsion
5283:Procedure
5221:Inquiries
5201:(Dormant)
5193:Copyright
5188:Article I
5127:1950–1999
5122:1900–1949
5117:1790–1899
4836:Districts
4751:Secretary
4712:President
4492:seniority
4466:Appointed
4429:seniority
3822:Saulsbury
3794:Brandegee
3786:Gallinger
3720:Manderson
3630:Carpenter
3190:Hillhouse
3160:Livermore
3090:Livermore
2672:0362-4331
2317:March 18,
1983:Minnesota
1760:impeached
1648:secretary
1350:Passports
1245:Governors
1191:Anarchism
1186:Socialism
959:Wisconsin
924:Tennessee
829:Minnesota
804:Louisiana
666:Elections
581:Kavanaugh
564:Sotomayor
528:Judiciary
463:Joe Biden
447:Executive
397:President
163:Formation
133:Appointer
68:Incumbent
6800:Julie Su
6372:painting
6163:Congress
6085:Chaplain
6039:Chaplain
5818:Politico
5811:The Hill
5661:Standing
5626:Hearings
5602:Chairman
5274:Immunity
5269:Franking
5264:Salaries
5198:Commerce
5040:Religion
4461:Resigned
4243:Category
4132:Grassley
4062:Thurmond
4042:Thurmond
4012:Thurmond
4002:Magnuson
3982:Magnuson
3972:Eastland
3962:Ellender
3912:McKellar
3892:McKellar
3872:Harrison
3480:Atchison
3460:Atchison
3430:Southard
3350:Gaillard
3330:Gaillard
3310:Crawford
3290:Gaillard
3270:Milledge
3240:Anderson
3230:Franklin
3140:Laurance
3130:Sedgwick
3110:Bradford
2754:CBS News
2677:July 21,
2602:July 12,
2556:65-14917
2473:June 16,
2435:July 12,
2253:June 18,
2247:wftv.com
2096:See also
2030:emeritus
1814:had the
1746:, until
1735:, until
1720:, until
1171:Populism
1156:Feminism
944:Virginia
894:Oklahoma
874:New York
849:Nebraska
839:Missouri
824:Michigan
814:Maryland
799:Kentucky
779:Illinois
754:Delaware
744:Colorado
734:Arkansas
279:Taxation
105:(formal)
6876: (
6866: (
6856: (
6843: (
6833: (
6820: (
6810: (
6797: (
6787: (
6777: (
6767: (
6757: (
6747: (
6737: (
6727: (
6717: (
6707: (
6697: (
6622:Related
6551:Rayburn
6546:O'Neill
6505:Russell
6486:Dirksen
6335:Rotunda
6176:reports
6044:Curator
6007:Library
5966:Library
5956:Curator
5942:Offices
5867:offices
5741:memoirs
5719:memoirs
5702:History
5489:Classes
5339:Cloture
5317:Censure
5092:Related
4808:Leaders
4796:Speaker
4736:Leaders
4698:Leaders
4487:Members
4451:Classes
4424:Members
4381:Members
4254:Commons
4082:Stevens
4022:Stennis
3952:Russell
3922:Bridges
3852:Pittman
3832:Cummins
3710:Ingalls
3700:Sherman
3690:Edmunds
3660:Thurman
3640:Anthony
3620:Anthony
3340:Barbour
3260:Bradley
3210:Bradley
3200:Baldwin
3100:Bingham
3060:Langdon
3040:Langdon
2062:Vermont
1662:History
1656:Capitol
1089:history
964:Wyoming
939:Vermont
844:Montana
784:Indiana
764:Georgia
759:Florida
729:Arizona
719:Alabama
591:Jackson
586:Barrett
576:Gorsuch
505:Cabinet
335:Speaker
210:Website
6613:Subway
6531:Cannon
6479:Senate
6469:Office
6205:THOMAS
6027:Senate
5949:Senate
5800:C-SPAN
5682:Gavels
5631:Markup
5511:Manual
5332:Senate
5181:Powers
4998:Senate
4994:Women
4899:Senate
4862:Groups
4705:Senate
4504:Former
4441:Former
4417:Senate
4323:Senate
4263:
4252:
4241:
4152:Murray
4150:
4140:
4130:
4120:
4110:
4102:Inouye
4100:
4090:
4080:
4070:
4064:(2001)
4060:
4054:(2001)
4050:
4040:
4030:
4020:
4010:
4000:
3994:(1980)
3990:
3980:
3970:
3960:
3950:
3942:Hayden
3940:
3932:George
3930:
3920:
3910:
3900:
3890:
3880:
3874:(1941)
3870:
3860:
3850:
3840:
3830:
3820:
3812:Clarke
3810:
3800:
3792:
3784:
3778:Curtis
3776:
3768:
3758:
3752:(1895)
3750:Harris
3748:
3742:(1895)
3740:Ransom
3738:
3730:Harris
3728:
3718:
3708:
3698:
3688:
3678:
3672:(1881)
3670:Bayard
3668:
3658:
3648:
3642:(1875)
3638:
3628:
3618:
3608:
3600:Foster
3598:
3588:
3578:
3572:(1860)
3568:
3562:(1860)
3560:Bright
3558:
3548:
3542:(1857)
3538:
3532:(1857)
3528:
3520:Bright
3518:
3512:(1856)
3510:Stuart
3508:
3500:Bright
3498:
3492:(1854)
3488:
3478:
3468:
3458:
3452:(1845)
3450:Sevier
3448:
3440:Mangum
3438:
3428:
3418:
3412:(1835)
3408:
3402:(1834)
3398:
3388:
3382:(1832)
3378:
3368:
3358:
3348:
3342:(1819)
3338:
3328:
3320:Varnum
3318:
3308:
3302:(1811)
3298:
3292:(1810)
3288:
3282:(1809)
3278:
3272:(1809)
3268:
3258:
3248:
3242:(1805)
3238:
3232:(1804)
3228:
3218:
3208:
3198:
3192:(1801)
3188:
3182:(1800)
3180:Howard
3178:
3172:(1800)
3168:
3162:(1799)
3158:
3152:(1799)
3148:
3142:(1798)
3138:
3132:(1798)
3128:
3122:(1797)
3118:
3112:(1979)
3108:
3102:(1797)
3098:
3092:(1796)
3088:
3082:(1795)
3078:
3072:(1794)
3068:
3058:
3052:(1792)
3048:
3042:(1789)
3038:
2879:
2761:May 8,
2733:May 8,
2670:
2629:
2593:
2554:
2465:, the
2426:
2291:May 2,
2173:
2087:Salary
2054:Alaska
1869:, and
1644:member
1426:Canada
1406:Russia
1260:Courts
1126:Modern
1109:Social
1104:Paleo-
899:Oregon
854:Nevada
794:Kansas
769:Hawaii
724:Alaska
554:Thomas
389:Senate
284:Policy
199:Salary
191:Deputy
6564:Other
6514:House
6316:Crypt
6125:Board
6120:Pages
6095:Clerk
6078:House
6059:Pages
5975:House
5901:Board
5793:Media
5675:Items
5426:Rider
5327:House
5226:Trial
5003:House
4904:House
4789:House
4768:Chair
4746:Chair
4480:House
4342:119th
4338:118th
4334:117th
4142:Leahy
4122:Hatch
4112:Leahy
3992:Young
3882:Glass
3842:Moses
3802:Lodge
3770:Bacon
3680:Davis
3650:Ferry
3590:Clark
3530:Mason
3410:Tyler
3390:White
3370:Smith
3360:Macon
3280:Gregg
3250:Smith
3220:Brown
3170:Tracy
3070:Izard
2897:'
2796:(PDF)
2781:(PDF)
2587:55–57
2577:(PDF)
2455:(PDF)
2410:(PDF)
2348:(PDF)
1764:tried
1421:Japan
1416:India
1411:China
1289:Mayor
1232:State
1094:Black
1054:Green
929:Texas
809:Maine
774:Idaho
569:Kagan
559:Alito
185:Third
89:Style
6536:Ford
6491:Hart
6321:Dome
6230:Gov.
5604:and
5451:Veto
5384:list
5307:Bill
5295:list
4938:list
4843:List
4801:list
4729:list
4717:list
4499:Dean
4436:Dean
4265:List
4213:Whig
4092:Byrd
4072:Byrd
4052:Byrd
4032:Byrd
3760:Frye
3610:Wade
3580:Foot
3540:Rusk
3490:Cass
3300:Pope
3150:Ross
3120:Read
2941:2008
2912:2015
2852:2009
2804:2009
2763:2023
2735:2023
2707:2023
2679:2021
2668:ISSN
2627:ISBN
2604:2018
2591:ISBN
2552:LCCN
2531:2023
2501:2023
2475:2018
2437:2018
2424:ISBN
2420:7–10
2392:2009
2363:2008
2319:2019
2293:2017
2255:2018
2228:2015
2184:2017
2171:ISBN
2070:Iowa
2022:Iowa
1848:and
1841:62nd
1837:54th
1762:and
1650:and
1518:The
1388:NATO
1254:list
1234:and
1099:Neo-
974:Guam
934:Utah
889:Ohio
789:Iowa
617:list
372:list
203:US$
114:Seat
3050:Lee
2068:(R-
2060:(D-
2052:(R-
2044:(D-
2036:(R-
2020:(R-
1981:(D-
1795:of
1587:of
1393:G20
482:(D)
465:(D)
435:(R)
424:(D)
413:(D)
402:(D)
362:(D)
351:(R)
340:(R)
274:Law
6910::
3796:/
3788:/
3780:/
3772:/
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2901:.
2842:.
2820:.
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2787:.
2783:.
2751:.
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2696:.
2662:.
2589:.
2579:.
2564:^
2517:.
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2422:.
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2383:.
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2354:.
2350:.
2327:^
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2284:.
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2245:.
2192:^
2169:.
2140:.
1962:,
1865:,
1861:,
1599:.
1564:.
1398:G7
1378:P5
1335:/
1323::
125:,
121:,
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