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41:. Some of the stated intentions of the legislation include to "provide for the prevention of hate crimes and hate speech" and to "provide for effective enforcement measures" against those who express their "prejudice or intolerance towards the victim." The bill has been subject to much debate, with some groups expressing concern over the implications of restricting speech. Others have contended that the bill is necessary given the level of discrimination in South Africa and the decades-long
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designed to redistribute land back to certain black populations that was taken during the colonial era. As South Africa continues to deal with the issues consequent of the
Apartheid legacy, other proposed solutions have been to pass legislation, such as the Hate Crimes and Hate Speech Bill, to uphold
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era, South Africa has struggled with racial divisions, discrimination, and violence. Although the elimination of
Apartheid ushered in majority election voting and eliminated widespread voting discrimination, South Africa nevertheless is home to much prejudice. An aspect of South African inequality is
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Arguments in favour of the bill tend to align with broader arguments that support limiting hate speech in general, including the belief that the harms associated with certain speech warrant censorship, that unfettered speech propagates discrimination, and that freedom of speech should not be used to
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allows for the freedom of expression with certain exceptions, one which prohibits the "advocacy of hatred that is based on race, ethnicity, gender or religion, and that constitutes incitement to cause harm." This exclusion is one of many considerations noted in the preamble of The
Prevention and
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also submitted a response opposing the bill, criticizing John
Jeffery by stating that "hate speech laws in Australia, Canada, and Kenya are very different" and also warning that "double standards will apply in the enforcement of both the hate speech and hate crimes provisions."
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evident in the disproportionately high rate of poverty among the black population, despite the black population consisting of the ruling majority. One specific legislative effort aimed to correct such inequality occurred in 1994, when the government led by the
286:
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Although no exemptions exist for hate crimes, there are several exemptions regarding hate speech within the bill. The fifteen characteristics that constitute hate speech do not apply "if it is done in good faith in the course of engagement in—"
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fair and accurate reporting or commentary in the public interest or in the publication of any information, commentary, advertisement or notice, in accordance with section 16(1) of the
Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996;
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noted that South Africa is not unique in its consideration of a Hate Speech bill and that in South Africa, there is no "absolute right" to freedom of expression in place, although a balance between censorship and speech is needed.
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interpretation and proselytising or espousing of any religious tenet, belief, teaching, doctrine or writings, to the extent that such interpretation and proselytisation does not advocate hatred that constitutes incitement to cause
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2. ensure that all public officials who may be involved in the investigation and prosecution of hate crimes and hate speech are educated and informed of the prohibition against these offences;
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artistic creativity, performance or other form of expression, to the extent that such creativity, performance or expression does not advocate hatred that constitutes incitement to cause harm;
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Arguments against the bill also tend to align with broader arguments that oppose limiting free speech, including the belief that laws restricting hate speech invariably curb free discourse.
264:, a South African think-tank dedicated to promoting "liberal constitutional democracy," submitted a response outlining a list of reasons why the group fundamentally opposed the bill. The
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1. conduct education and information campaigns to inform the public about the prohibition against hate crimes and hate speech, aimed at the prevention and combating of these offences;
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Combating of Hate Crimes and Hate Speech Bill. The Act begins by defining certain key terms found within the text and proceeds to detail the purpose of the Act as follows:
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4. train public officials on the prohibition, prevention and combating of hate crimes and hate speech, which training must include social context training.
287:"Prevention and Combating of Hate Crimes and Hate Speech Bill, 2018 » Publication of explanatory summary of the prevention and combating of the Bill"
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stated that the bill is intended to address increasing intolerance and to allow assistance to the victims of the crimes. Deputy
Minister of Justice
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has expressed concern over the bill's language and potential to lead to significant restrictions on freedom of expression. The
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Hate speech, according to the act, is an offence directed at any of the aforementioned characteristics, excluding 12 and 13.
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give effect to the
Republic’s obligations regarding prejudice and intolerance as contemplated in international instruments;
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provide for the prosecution of persons who commit offences referred to in this Act and provide for appropriate sentences;
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25:
The
Prevention and Combating of Hate Crimes and Hate Speech Bill is being considered in the Parliament of South Africa
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3. provide assistance and advice to any person who wants to lodge a complaint of a hate crime or hate speech; and
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Traum, Alexander (2014). "Contextualising the hate speech debate: the United States and South Africa".
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One of the final sections of the bill stipulates that programs must be developed in order to:
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The act then explains what characteristics of an offence constitute a hate crime, as follows:
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Racism, Ethnicity and the Media in Africa: Mediating
Conflict in the Twenty-First Century
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provide for the co-ordinated implementation, application and administration of this Act;
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34:
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combat the commission of hate crimes and hate speech in a co-ordinated manner; and
440:"Against the Hate Bill: The IRR's full submission - DOCUMENTS | Politicsweb"
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42:
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Arranging prejudice: Exploring hate crime in post-apartheid South Africa
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South Africa's
Constitutional ban on racism and commitment to equality.
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is a bill aimed at reducing offensive speech and curbing hate crimes in
412:"Against the Hate Bill: The HSF's submission - DOCUMENTS | Politicsweb"
598:. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. pp. 290–291.
20:
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protect this discrimination. South African Committee Chairperson
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The Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa
352:"PREVENTION AND COMBATING OF HATE CRIMES AND HATE SPEECH BILL"
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Democratization in South Africa: The Elusive Social Contract
468:"S. African gov't introduces hate speech bill to Parliament"
31:
Prevention and Combating of Hate Crimes and Hate Speech Bill
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provide for the prevention of hate crimes and hate speech;
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The Globalization of Hate: Internationalizing Hate Crime?
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Schweppe, Jennifer; Walters, Mark Austin (26 May 2016).
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gather and record data on hate crimes and hate speech.
37:. The Bill was introduced in 2016 and sits before the
383:"South African Move on Hate Speech a Step Too Far"
681:"CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA"
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82:Constitution of the Republic of South Africa
98:provide for effective enforcement measures;
633:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
312:"Legislation - Parliament of South Africa"
266:South African Institute on Race Relations
209:Prevention of hate crimes and hate speech
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150:nationality, migrant or refugee status;
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485:"Justice/Legislation/Hate Crimes Bill"
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156:political affiliation or conviction;
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165:sex, which includes intersex; or
567:Sisk, Timothy (14 March 2017).
39:South African National Assembly
573:. Princeton University Press.
64:Restitution of Land Rights Act
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540:Mano, Winston (30 May 2015).
715:Human rights in South Africa
112:Hate crimes and hate speech
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596:The Making of South Africa
546:. I.B.Tauris. p. 28.
141:gender or gender identity;
53:Even after the end of the
720:South African legislation
18:South African legislation
619:Harris, Bronwyn (2004).
594:MacKinnon, Aran (2004).
138:ethnic or social origin;
517:Oxford University Press
262:Helen Suzman Foundation
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444:www.politicsweb.co.za
416:www.politicsweb.co.za
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153:occupation or trade;
168:sexual orientation.
45:years before 1994.
489:www.justice.gov.za
389:. 21 February 2017
387:Human Rights Watch
291:Greengazette.co.za
258:Human Rights Watch
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359:Parliament.gov.za
316:Parliament.gov.za
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691:. Retrieved
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245:John Jeffery
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62:enacted the
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144:HIV status;
135:disability;
709:Categories
693:25 October
494:3 December
449:4 December
421:3 December
364:25 October
273:References
252:Opposition
176:Exemptions
49:Background
629:cite book
393:5 October
321:5 October
296:5 October
229:Reception
201:bona fide
187:bona fide
162:religion;
147:language;
123:albinism;
55:Apartheid
43:Apartheid
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132:culture;
234:Support
129:colour;
76:Preface
71:Summary
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663:JSTOR
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159:race;
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600:ISBN
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496:2018
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
