1365:
government and police. Though the amendment was an improvement on the purely advisory capacity of the initial review committee because it enhanced the power of judicial review, the central review committee remained largely impotent, as it could not initiate an investigation absent an initial complaint and lacked clearly delineated investigatory powers. Moreover, the review committee's resources were limited, and it operated under no regulated time-frame. Without sufficient autonomy, resources, or guidelines, the committee was an illusory safeguard.
936:
42:
1221:
1214:
1360:
The provisions in the Act mentioned the possibility of both state and central review committees, but offered few details as to their formation or use. As the Act began to be widely misused by the state governments, the central government finally established a review committee to hear individual cases
1381:
Once the Act came into force, many reports surfaced of the law being grossly abused. POTA was alleged to have been arbitrarily used to target political opponents. Only four months after its enactment, state law enforcement officers had arrested 250 people nationwide under the Act, and the number was
1368:
Given the review committee's limitations, only the grievances of those persons with political connections to the central government were likely to be heard. Further, even with political pressure from the central government and a favorable advisory opinion by the review committee, Tamil Nadu detained
1364:
In
December 2003, by an overwhelming majority, India's legislature amended the Act with an ordinance designed to expand the scope of judicial review. The new ordinance gave review commissions the authority to review the prima facie case of an "aggrieved person" and issue orders binding on the state
1347:
Secondly, the matter of confessions made by the accused to the police. The general law in India does not recognise confessions made to police as evidence admissible in court, and permits a person to deny such confessions in court, but under POTA, confessions made to a police officer were admissible
1327:
The Act defined what constituted a "terrorist act" and who a "terrorist" was, and granted special powers to the investigating authorities described under the Act. In order to ensure that discretionary powers granted to the investigating agencies were not misused and human rights violations were not
1389:
The Act had a built-in expiry date three years after its commencement, vide section 1(6) of the Act. It had commenced on 24 October 2001, so was scheduled to expire on 24 October 2004. One month before its expiry, the Act was repealed on 21 September 2004 by the
Prevention of Terrorism (Repeal)
1351:
However, the POTA law did have some safeguards. Any decision on bail petitions or the verdict of the special courts constituted under this Act could be appealed against, and the appeal would be heard by a division bench of the relevant High Court.
1413:
S.A.R. Geelani, a lecturer at Delhi
University, was sentenced to death by a special POTA court for his alleged role in the 2001 attack on the Indian Parliament. He was later acquitted on appeal by the Delhi High Court on a legal
1390:
Ordinance, 2004, later substituted with the
Prevention of Terrorism (Repeal) Act, 2004 (assented to on 21 December 2004). NDA asked UPA to introduce the Act again, but Congress criticized it and did not pass the Act.
187:
1778:
1574:
1382:
steadily increasing. A mere eight months later, seven states where POTA was in force, had arrested over 940 people, at least 560 of whom were languishing in jail. Several prominent persons like
1877:
1721:
236:
1252:
180:
1337:
1290:
1118:
989:
81:
262:
173:
1604:
810:
1788:
1953:
1648:
1968:
1431:
1203:
1099:
1582:
1924:
1285:
operations. The Act was enacted due to several terrorist attacks that were being carried out in India and especially in response to the attack on the
1245:
999:
984:
365:
1348:
as evidence in court. POTA also allowed law enforcement agencies to withhold the identity of witnesses. Anti-Terrorism Day is celebrated on 21 May.
506:
1887:
1828:
1731:
381:
1123:
582:
1958:
1460:
1294:
1238:
212:
1007:
594:
1963:
679:
1344:
in court. However, a very major change was introduced, in that unlike TADA, this act had no provision to allow preventive detention.
69:
An Act to make provisions for the prevention of, and for dealing with, the terrorist activities and for matters connected therewith.
643:
1948:
1407:
1128:
1016:
496:
413:
1225:
501:
439:
572:
451:
1286:
794:
353:
284:
252:
231:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
735:
484:
1302:
730:
461:
343:
325:
310:
1213:
1652:
1933:
1052:
820:
710:
669:
589:
401:
348:
878:
684:
391:
315:
272:
1630:
1373:
for over four months without charge, and an additional fourteen months after charging him before granting bail.
138:
1062:
862:
720:
320:
257:
1921:
1421:
1067:
1057:
966:
715:
601:
489:
289:
899:
740:
674:
546:
511:
423:
408:
386:
267:
1744:
1427:
1417:
1183:
1133:
779:
771:
756:
664:
606:
17:
1482:
979:
974:
950:
894:
836:
622:
456:
277:
1439:
1278:
994:
935:
857:
784:
761:
694:
551:
528:
521:
516:
418:
358:
294:
49:
1882:
1783:
1726:
1153:
725:
689:
648:
627:
556:
446:
396:
197:
1340:, the law provided that a suspect could be detained for up to 180 days without the filing of a
1766:
1755:
1700:
1406:, was controversially arrested and jailed for 19 months under the POTA for his support to the
1274:
915:
841:
815:
577:
1704:
1688:
1928:
789:
477:
165:
1442:
with dire consequences. He was arrested the same night at 3:00 AM on orders of the then
1504:
1443:
1361:
related to this Act. At first, the committee functioned in a purely advisory capacity.
1282:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1942:
1321:
1320:(lower house) has more seats. It was only the third time that a bill was passed by a
1313:
1044:
99:
1810:
1435:
1859:
1548:
1526:
1674:
1689:"Colonial Continuities: Human Rights, Antiterrorism, and Security Laws in India"
1341:
1309:
1289:. The Act replaced the Prevention of Terrorism Ordinance (POTO) of 2001 and the
1148:
1901:
1841:
1220:
1198:
1168:
60:
41:
1317:
1074:
1447:
1716:
1714:
1298:
158:
131:
1399:
1383:
1370:
150:
Prevention of
Terrorism (Amendment) Act, 2003 (Act No. 4 of 2004)
1403:
1438:
was arrested on the charges of threatening a dissident BJP MLA
169:
139:
Prevention of
Terrorism (Repeal) Act, 2004 (Act No. 26 of 2004)
1477:
1475:
1328:
committed, specific safeguards were built into the Act.
1312:(the upper house) by a 113–98 vote, but was passed in a
1293:(TADA) (1985–1995), and was supported by the governing
1649:"Pota: Lessons Learned from India's Anti-Terror Act"
1291:
Terrorist and
Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act
1860:"The Arrest Of Syed Ali Shah Geelani - Jun 10,2002"
908:
887:
871:
850:
829:
803:
770:
749:
703:
657:
636:
615:
565:
539:
470:
432:
374:
336:
303:
245:
224:
144:
130:
122:
114:
106:
95:
87:
77:
48:
34:
1902:"POTA slapped on Raja Bhaiya, Akshay Pratap Singh"
1878:"BJP demands revocation of Pota on Raghuraj Singh"
1811:"rediff.com: TN police arrests MDMK leader Vaiko"
1549:"POT Bill passed by joint session of Parliament"
1575:"President summons joint sitting of Parliament"
1934:South Asia Terrorism Portal - POTA Ordinances
1281:in 2002, with the objective of strengthening
1246:
181:
8:
1253:
1239:
926:
188:
174:
166:
1420:, Kashmiri nationalist and leader of the
1643:
1641:
1639:
1722:"SP condemns Vaiko's arrest under Pota"
1471:
1402:, founder and general secretary of the
1336:Similar to the provisions contained in
929:
66:
1767:Gazette notification of the Repeal Act
31:
18:Prevention of Terrorist Activities Act
1756:Gazette notification of the ordinance
1324:of both houses of Indian Parliament.
7:
1954:Acts of the Parliament of India 2002
1581:. PTI. 22 March 2002. Archived from
1461:Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act
213:List of terrorist incidents in India
1969:Vajpayee administration initiatives
1605:"782 MPs await novel joint session"
1687:Kalhan, Anil; et al. (2006).
1432:Member of the Legislative Assembly
25:
1886:. 28 January 2003. Archived from
1631:Prevention of Terrorism Act, 2002
1529:. OutlookIndia.com. 21 March 2002
1450:. He was sent to jail under POTA.
1267:Prevention of Terrorism Act, 2002
1204:2001–2002 India–Pakistan standoff
35:Prevention of Terrorism Act, 2002
1699:. 20 Colum. J. Asian L. 93: 23.
1408:Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam
1316:(425 Ayes and 296 Noes), as the
1219:
1212:
1129:Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana
934:
40:
1779:"UPA faulted by repealing POTA"
1745:Gazette notification of the Act
1730:. 13 July 2002. Archived from
1424:group was arrested under POTA.
27:Act of the Parliament of India
1:
1693:Columbia Journal of Asian Law
1386:were arrested under the act.
1308:The bill was defeated in the
1295:National Democratic Alliance
1959:Repealed Indian legislation
1505:"POTA (amendment) Act 2003"
1332:Provisions compared to TADA
1303:United Progressive Alliance
216:Attacks with 50+ deaths in
1985:
1053:Union Council of Ministers
199:Terrorist attacks in India
1964:Counterterrorism in India
1677:Retrieved on 10 July 2007
1633:Retrieved on 30 June 2008
1629:Press Information Bureau
210:
154:
149:
137:
55:
39:
1922:Ordinance to Repeal POTA
1842:"POTA pins down Geelani"
1831:Retrieved on 7 July 2007
1483:"POTA 2002 - long title"
1430:, a.k.a. Raja Bhaiya, a
943:This article is part of
1949:Terrorism laws in India
1927:9 November 2017 at the
1229:: Picture, Sound, Video
968:Prime Minister of India
273:2nd Jammu & Kashmir
975:Early political career
1890:on 16 September 2012.
1734:on 16 September 2012.
1428:Raghuraj Pratap Singh
1418:Syed Ali Shah Geelani
1184:Barak Missile scandal
1162:Missions and agencies
1134:Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan
1611:. TNN. 23 March 2002
1527:"It's Not POTA. Yet"
1394:Prominent POTA cases
1142:Treaties and accords
952:Atal Bihari Vajpayee
1675:Its goodbye to POTA
1440:Puran Singh Bundela
1279:Parliament of India
995:Good Governance Day
590:2nd Dantewada (May)
584:1st Dantewada (Apr)
452:2nd Hyderabad (Aug)
447:1st Hyderabad (May)
50:Parliament of India
1883:The Times of India
1784:The Times of India
1727:The Times of India
1609:The Economic Times
1585:on 5 November 2013
1579:The Economic Times
1507:. indiacode.nic.in
1485:. indiacode.nic.in
1154:Lahore Declaration
685:4th Srinagar (Jun)
670:3rd Srinagar (Mar)
502:4th Delhi (27 Sep)
497:3rd Delhi (13 Sep)
88:Territorial extent
82:Act No. 15 of 2002
1846:indianexpress.com
1829:Targeting Geelani
1377:Impact and repeal
1263:
1262:
1017:General elections
1000:Electoral history
960:
959:
924:
923:
441:Samjhauta Express
268:Jammu and Kashmir
232:Indian Parliament
164:
163:
126:21 September 2004
16:(Redirected from
1976:
1910:
1909:
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1868:
1867:
1864:outlookindia.com
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1850:
1849:
1838:
1832:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1807:
1801:
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1796:
1787:. Archived from
1775:
1769:
1764:
1758:
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1742:
1736:
1735:
1718:
1709:
1708:
1684:
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1660:
1651:. Archived from
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1356:Review committee
1255:
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1216:
1192:Wars and attacks
985:Electoral record
969:
956:
955:
953:
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204:
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115:Assented to
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32:
21:
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1929:Wayback Machine
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1848:. 10 June 2002.
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1791:on 20 June 2013
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1422:Jamaat-e-Islami
1396:
1379:
1358:
1334:
1301:in 2004 by the
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285:Raghunath (Nov)
253:Raghunath (Mar)
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64:
28:
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15:
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1916:External links
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1655:on 21 May 2014
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1518:
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1444:chief minister
1425:
1415:
1411:
1395:
1392:
1378:
1375:
1357:
1354:
1333:
1330:
1297:. The Act was
1283:anti-terrorism
1277:passed by the
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1414:technicality.
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1322:joint session
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1045:India Shining
1042:
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1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1019:
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900:3rd Dantewada
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879:Sukma-Bijapur
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748:
742:
741:5th Bangalore
739:
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734:
732:
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724:
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719:
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714:
712:
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688:
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678:
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675:4th Bangalore
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629:
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603:
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598:
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581:
579:
576:
574:
573:3rd Bangalore
571:
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564:
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553:
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548:
545:
544:
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538:
532:
531:
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520:
518:
515:
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510:
508:
505:
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500:
498:
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493:
492:
488:
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485:2nd Bangalore
483:
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476:
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469:
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462:Uttar Pradesh
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404:
400:
398:
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388:
385:
383:
380:
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377:
373:
367:
366:1st Bangalore
364:
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329:
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324:
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136:
133:
129:
125:
121:
118:28 March 2002
117:
113:
110:26 March 2002
109:
105:
102:of Parliament
101:
100:Joint session
98:
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90:
86:
83:
80:
76:
67:
63:
62:
54:
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43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
1905:
1896:
1888:the original
1881:
1872:
1863:
1854:
1845:
1836:
1823:
1814:
1805:
1793:. Retrieved
1789:the original
1782:
1773:
1762:
1751:
1740:
1732:the original
1725:
1696:
1692:
1682:
1669:
1657:. Retrieved
1653:the original
1625:
1613:. Retrieved
1608:
1599:
1587:. Retrieved
1583:the original
1578:
1569:
1557:. Retrieved
1552:
1543:
1531:. Retrieved
1521:
1509:. Retrieved
1499:
1487:. Retrieved
1436:Kunda, India
1388:
1380:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1350:
1346:
1335:
1326:
1307:
1270:
1266:
1264:
1226:
1218:
1191:
1176:
1161:
1141:
1113:
1107:Legislations
1106:
1098:
1043:
1015:
1006:
1005:
607:2nd Varanasi
595:
583:
529:
522:
490:
478:
440:
424:2nd Srinagar
402:
387:1st Varanasi
359:
326:
278:
237:1st Srinagar
217:
203:(since 2001)
155:
59:
29:
1673:Rediff.com
1342:chargesheet
1310:Rajya Sabha
1305:coalition.
1149:Agra summit
1008:Premiership
1943:Categories
1906:rediff.com
1827:Frontline
1815:rediff.com
1553:Rediff.com
1467:References
1287:Parliament
1199:Kargil War
1169:Pokhran-II
1090:Thirteenth
863:Gadchiroli
623:8th Mumbai
596:Jnaneswari
530:7th Mumbai
419:Kakopathar
403:6th Mumbai
327:5th Mumbai
321:4th Mumbai
316:3rd Mumbai
311:2nd Mumbai
290:1st Mumbai
145:Amended by
61:Long title
1318:Lok Sabha
1273:) was an
1075:Lok Sabha
842:4th Sukma
816:3rd Sukma
780:Pathankot
757:Gurdaspur
736:4th Assam
721:2nd Sukma
716:3rd Assam
690:Bodh Gaya
680:1st Sukma
665:Hyderabad
644:7th Delhi
628:6th Delhi
602:5th Delhi
557:Bhimajuli
552:2nd Assam
523:1st Assam
491:Ahmedabad
392:2nd Delhi
382:Ahmedabad
360:1st Delhi
258:Akshardam
1925:Archived
1455:See also
1448:Mayawati
1299:repealed
1080:Eleventh
837:Sunjuwan
811:Shajapur
547:Guwahati
512:Agartala
507:Malegaon
414:W Bengal
409:Malegaon
354:Begumpet
279:Rafiganj
159:Repealed
123:Repealed
78:Citation
1795:19 June
1659:19 June
1615:31 July
1589:31 July
1559:31 July
1533:28 July
1511:31 July
1489:31 July
1410:(LTTE).
1227:Gallery
1085:Twelfth
980:Honours
895:Rajouri
858:Pulwama
795:Nagrota
785:Pampore
762:Manipur
726:Burdwan
711:Chennai
349:Jaunpur
344:Ayodhya
295:Kurnool
263:Kolkata
218:italics
156:Status:
132:Repeals
1705:970503
1703:
1063:Second
990:Eponym
517:Imphal
479:Jaipur
107:Passed
1434:from
1400:Vaiko
1384:Vaiko
1371:Vaiko
1068:Third
1058:First
916:Reasi
695:Patna
457:Ajmer
91:India
1797:2013
1701:SSRN
1661:2013
1617:2012
1591:2012
1561:2012
1535:2010
1513:2012
1491:2012
1404:MDMK
1338:TADA
1271:POTA
1265:The
1124:NHDP
1119:TADA
1114:POTA
1039:2004
1034:1999
1029:1998
1024:1996
909:2024
888:2023
872:2021
851:2019
830:2018
804:2017
772:2016
750:2015
704:2014
658:2013
649:Pune
637:2012
616:2011
578:Pune
566:2010
540:2009
471:2008
433:2007
397:Doda
375:2006
337:2005
304:2003
246:2002
225:2001
1275:Act
790:Uri
1945::
1904:.
1880:.
1862:.
1844:.
1813:.
1781:.
1724:.
1713:^
1697:20
1695:.
1691:.
1638:^
1607:.
1577:.
1551:.
1474:^
1446:,
1908:.
1866:.
1817:.
1799:.
1707:.
1663:.
1619:.
1593:.
1563:.
1537:.
1515:.
1493:.
1269:(
1254:e
1247:t
1240:v
189:e
182:t
175:v
20:)
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