551:
construction process. In practice, what this has looked like is
Australian state governments such as Queensland, South Australia, and Western Australia mandating design professionals to create a strategy for safety considerations throughout the construction process. The plan has to include pre-construction considerations, how safety can be evaluated, and providing details of how safety will be controlled once the physical construction process begins. Even before the Work Health and Safety Act of 2011, since 1998, any construction project that was valued over AU$ 3 million was subject to this requirement.
97:
542:
1.62 fatalities per 100,000 workers. Although it cannot be established that PtD is the sole facilitator of this reduction in construction fatalities, it does show that since its enactment, fatalities have dropped substantially. Since its establishment in 1995, the UK government has periodically updated the legislation with the 2015 version of The
Construction (Design and Management) Regulations placing even greater emphasis on the role that principal designers should play in injury and fatality prevention during the design phase of a project.
2291:
32:
2320:
371:
equipment, machinery, goods, chemicals, work processes, and work organization. Improving the working climate by incorporating preventive approaches into all designs that have an effect on employees and those on the premises. The strategic plan lays out the objectives for implementing the PtD Plan for the
National Initiative successfully.
573:
Even though PtD is not a new concept and has shown to be associated with reductions in injuries and fatalities across various construction industries on the international stage, it is still not a core feature of various engineering and architectural schools' curriculum. This can compromise designers'
474:
The idea of redesigning job tasks and work environments has begun to gain momentum in business and government as a cost-effective means to enhance occupational safety and health. Many U.S. companies openly support PtD concepts and have developed management practices to implement them. Other countries
461:
The PtD National
Initiative's goal is to avoid or mitigate occupational accidents, diseases, deaths, and exposures by incorporating prevention factors into all designs that impact people in the workplace. This is accomplished by eliminating hazards and reducing worker risks to an acceptable level "at
479:
began requiring construction companies, project owners, and architects to address safety and health during the design phase of projects in 1994. Australia developed the
Australian National OHS Strategy 2002–2012, which set "eliminating hazards at the design stage" as one of five national priorities.
470:
Prevention through design represents a shift in approach for on-the-job safety. It involves evaluating potential risks associated with processes, structures, equipment, and tools. It takes into consideration the construction, maintenance, decommissioning, and disposal or recycling of waste material.
512:
The
Prevention through Design (PtD) Initiative of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health collaborates with business, labor, trade unions, professional organizations, and academia. The curriculum focuses on “designing out” workplace hazards and threats in order to avoid sickness,
541:
Within the United
Kingdom (U.K.), PtD has been legally required for those in the construction industry since March 31, 1995. At the time of implementation, the fatality rate within the U.K. construction industry was 10 fatalities per 100,000 workers. In 2021, the fatality rate has been reduced to
550:
In
Australia, the Work Health and Safety Act of 2011 was passed which included elements that laid out the legal responsibilities of employers, designers, and other stakeholders within construction projects to take the necessary steps to ensure that safety is prioritized through all phases of the
312:
to "design out" health and safety risks during design development. The process also encourages the various stakeholders within a construction project to be collaborative and share the responsibilities of workers' safety evenly. The concept supports the view that along with quality, programme and
559:
In
Singapore, the government's Workplace Safety and Health Council pioneered a Design for Safety (Dfs) mark which would allow the Singaporean government to recognize construction projects that were completed with safety in mind. Receiving the Dfs mark for safety considerations is analogous to a
370:
A safer workplace can be created by removing hazards and reducing worker risks to an appropriate level "at the source," or as early in the life cycle of products or workplaces as possible. Designing, redesigning and retrofitting new and current work environments, systems, tools, facilities,
361:
Each year in the U.S., 55,000 people die from work-related injuries and diseases, 294,000 are made sick, and 3.8 million are injured. The annual direct and indirect costs have been estimated to range from $ 128 billion to $ 155 billion. For U.S. industries such as construction, even though
421:
While engineering, as a rule, factors human safety into the design process, a modern appraisal of specific links to design and workers' safety can be seen in efforts beginning in the 1800s. Trends included the widespread implementation of guards for machinery, controls for
526:
increase PtD practice by disseminating case studies of real-world PtD solutions and empowering stakeholders to implement and share them, and * encourage businesses, trade unions, governments, academic institutions, and consensus standards organizations to use PtD in policy
462:
the source," or as early in the life cycle of items or workplaces as possible. Designing, redesigning, and retrofitting new and existing work premises, structures, tools, facilities, equipment, machinery, products, substances, work processes, and work organization.
333:
Compared to traditional forms of hazard control, PtD possesses a proactive nature whereas other safety measures are reactive to incidences that occur within construction projects. This method for reducing workplace safety risks lessens workers' reliance on
513:
injury, and death. Encourage technical accreditation bodies to include PtD in their evaluations to educate and encourage others to use PtD goals and processes in collaborative design and renovation of facilities, work processes, equipment, and resources.
1961:
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indicate that design is a significant contributor to 37% of work-related fatalities; therefore, the successful implementation of prevention through design concepts can have substantial impacts on worker health and safety.
1583:
497:(NIOSH) is a contributor to prevention through design efforts in the United States. Several NIOSH initiatives and guidelines directly or indirectly advocate for PtD practices. Through NIOSH efforts, the
2356:
681:
ECI 2000 Designing for Safety and Health, Proceedings of the ECI/CIB/HSE international
Conference, London, European Construction Institute, Loughborough, ed A G F Gibb, June 245pp ECI, Publications
664:
Churcher D W, Alwani-Starr G M,Incorporating construction health and safety into the design process”, Implementation of Health and Safety in Construction Sites, Alvels, Dias & Coble (eds),
325:
708:
Gambatese JA, Hinze J, Addressing Construction Worker Safety in the Design Phase – Designing for worker Safety, Automation in Construction, Volume 8, Issue 6, Pages 643-649, August 1999
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As a result, the Australian Safety and Compensation Council (ASCC) developed the Safe Design National Strategy and Action Plans for Australia encompassing a wide range of design areas.
2311:
1919:
494:
450:
375:
378:(NIOSH) in the United States is a major contributor and promoter of PtD policy and guidelines. NIOSH considers PtD to be "the most effective and reliable type" of prevention of
2105:
1890:
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Gambatese JA, 2003, Safety in design: A Proactive Approach to Construction Worker Safety and Health, Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Vol 18 (5): pp 339-342
2306:
1940:
1902:
926:
509:" initiative uses elements of prevention through design to encourage companies to buy quieter machinery, thereby reducing occupational hearing loss for their workers.
393:
in the construction and end use phases via the Mobile Worksite Directive (also known as CDM regulations in the UK). The concept supports this legal requirement. Some
1950:
1846:
2211:
717:
Hecker S, Gambatese J, Weinstein M, Designing for Worker Safety- Moving the Construction Safety Process Upstream, Professional Safety, Pages 32-44, September 2005
276:
1914:
1864:
502:
1454:
690:
Gambatese JA, Hinze J and Haas C, Tool to Design for Construction Worker Safety, Journal of Architectural Engineering, Volume 3, Part 1, Pages 32-42, 1997
362:
construction personnel account for only 5% of the total U.S. workforce, they are responsible for nearly 20% of all workplace fatalities. Recent studies in
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engineered tools, chairs, and workstations, lifting devices, retractable needles, latex-free gloves, and a parade of other safety devices and processes.
406:
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began its National Initiative on Prevention through Design with the goal of promoting prevention through design philosophy, practice, and policy.
2324:
2271:
2130:
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249:
897:
843:
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1422:
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produce succinct, actionable PtD guides and checklists for small companies, their insurers, and the publishers of local government codebooks,
2251:
1417:
MacCollum, David V. Construction Safety Engineering Principles Designing and Managing Safer Job Sites (1st ed.). McGraw-Hill Professional.
244:
42:
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320:
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ability to consider safety in real-world applications since they have had limited education on the concept of safety let alone PtD.
79:
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for construction. Additionally, they provide a wide variety of educational and guidance materials on the topic of PtD The NIOSH "
2301:
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1821:
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786:"CDC - NIOSH Publications and Products - Supporting Prevention through Design (PtD) Using Business Value Concepts (2015-198)"
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2012:
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978:"CDC - NIOSH Publications and Products - The State of the National Initiative on Prevention through Design (2014-123)"
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339:
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57:
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1297:"Prevention through Design (PtD). The importance of the concept in Engineering and Architecture university courses"
431:
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building receiving a LEED certification for featuring aspects of sustainability and carbon footprint reduction.
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Within Europe, construction designers are legally bound to design out risks during design development to reduce
2191:
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2064:
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382:. A core tenet of PtD philosophy the concept of addressing workplace hazards using methods at the top of the
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2022:
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1013:"CDC - Prevention Through Design: Green , Safe, and Healthy Jobs - NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic"
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597: – Process to assign chemicals into categories corresponding to permissible exposure concentrations
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early in the design process, with an emphasis on optimizing employee health and safety throughout the
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have been established to support this aim, principally in the UK, Australia and the United States.
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2017:
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330: It increases the cost-effectiveness of enhancements to occupational safety and health.
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Behm M, 2005, Linking Construction Fatalities to the Design for Construction Safety Concept,
53:
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controls, and hearing protectors. More recently, there has been the development of chemical
619:"General Safe Practices for Working with Engineered Nanomaterials in Research Laboratories"
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1143:"Health and Safety Executive: Improving health and safety in the construction industry"
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1992:
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Schulte, Paul A., Richard Rinehart, Andrea Okun, Charles L. Geraci, Donna S. Heidel.
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attempting to make business executives aware of the cost-cutting potential of PtD,
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Brauer, Roger L. Safety and Health for Engineers (2nd ed.). Wiley-Interscience.
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LĂłpez-Arquillos, A.; Rubio-Romero, J. C.; Martinez-Aires, M. D. (2015-03-01).
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1038:"CDC - Prevention through Design - NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic"
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of materials and processes. It is a concept and movement that encourages
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Reduction of occupational hazards by early planning in the design process
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Istituto nazionale per l'assicurazione contro gli infortuni sul lavoro
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Safety and Health Awareness for Preventive Engineering (SHAPE) program
2007:
967:, Volume 39, Issue 2. Prevention through Design, 2008, Pages 115-121.
427:
1200:"Construction - Construction Design and Management Regulations 2015"
1141:
U.K. Government's Health and Safety Executives (December 14, 2004).
1363:"Prevention Through Design ; Plan for the National Initiative"
1170:
UK Government's Health and Safety Executives (November 23, 2022).
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Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification
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usually in Europe, is the concept of applying methods to minimize
1115:
U.K. Government's Health and Safety Executive (March 31, 1995).
1443:
1250:"The Trajectories of Prevention through Design in Construction"
25:
1063:"CDC - Buy Quiet - NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topics"
1117:"The Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 1994"
430:
safety practices. This was followed by enhanced design for
397:
provide testing and design verification services to ensure
623:
U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
729:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
49:
773:
Making the Business Case for Prevention through Design
2357:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
1920:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
820:"Construction Design and Management Regulations 2015"
745:"National Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries 2021"
743:
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (December 16, 2022).
495:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
451:
National Institute for Occupational Health and Safety
376:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
60:, and by adding encyclopedic content written from a
2139:
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1933:
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1722:
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1248:Toole, T. Michael; Gambatese, John (January 2008).
960:
National Prevention through Design (PtD) Initiative
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cost; safety is determined during the design stage.
2106:Occupational Safety and Health Act (United States)
1891:Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety
927:"Executive and Continuing Professional Education"
475:are actively promoting PtD concepts as well. The
1903:National Institute for Safety and Health at Work
1172:"Construction statistics in Great Britain, 2022"
1951:Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981
775:. NIOSH Science Blog, 6/2/08. Accessed 9/23/08.
844:"Pressure Vessel Inspection According to ASME"
1915:Occupational Safety and Health Administration
1865:European Agency for Safety and Health at Work
1455:
349:, safety by design is usually referred to as
270:
8:
1854:
1559:Coalworker's pneumoconiosis ("black lung")
1462:
1448:
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1396:Australian Safety and Compensation Council
953:
951:
931:Harvard University School of Public Health
277:
263:
91:
989:
797:
630:
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
407:American Society of Mechanical Engineers
16:For broader coverage of this topic, see
2085:Immediately dangerous to life or health
725:
723:
607:
516:Priorities of this initiative include:
386:, namely elimination and substitution.
230:
204:
176:
138:
103:
2272:Workplace hazard controls for COVID-19
1544:Chronic solvent-induced encephalopathy
1341:"Prevention through Design Initiative"
869:"Expired Registration Recovery Policy"
338:, which is the least effective of the
250:Workplace hazard controls for COVID-19
41:contains content that is written like
1085:
1083:
501:posted new PtD credits available for
401:with the safety standards defined in
7:
2319:
1962:Working Environment Convention, 1977
613:
611:
591: – Health and Safety psychology
2131:Workers' right to access the toilet
2202:International Chemical Safety Card
353:or inherently safer design (ISD).
14:
2212:National Day of Mourning (Canada)
1870:International Labour Organization
1225:"Work Health and Safety Act 2011"
2318:
2290:
2289:
1092:"PtD - Training & Resources"
771:Heidel, Donna S., Paul Schulte.
95:
30:
752:U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
434:, enclosures, system monitors,
2362:Occupational health psychology
2347:Occupational safety and health
2167:Environment, health and safety
1822:Occupational health psychology
1471:Occupational safety and health
1406:Design for Construction Safety
589:Occupational health psychology
564:Barriers to PtD Implementation
411:non-governmental organizations
1:
2038:Personal protective equipment
1791:Workplace health surveillance
595:Occupational exposure banding
336:personal protective equipment
223:Workplace health surveillance
197:Workplace exposure monitoring
169:Personal protective equipment
2080:Standard operating procedure
2013:Hierarchy of hazard controls
1766:Hierarchy of hazard controls
140:Hierarchy of hazard controls
18:Hierarchy of hazard controls
2217:NIOSH air filtration rating
1909:Health and Safety Executive
1817:Occupational health nursing
1781:Occupational exposure limit
1619:Hospital-acquired infection
1584:Exposure to human nail dust
1179:Health and Safety Executive
499:U.S. Green Building Council
340:hierarchy of hazard control
187:Occupational exposure limit
2378:
2277:Workplace health promotion
2182:Hawks Nest Tunnel disaster
1956:Worker Protection Standard
1659:Noise-induced hearing loss
1315:10.1016/j.ssci.2014.11.006
1254:Journal of Safety Research
965:Journal of Safety Research
655:, Number 43, Pages 589-611
532:On the International Stage
321:Excessive citations inline
15:
2285:
1875:World Health Organization
1786:Occupational epidemiology
1771:Prevention through design
1629:Laboratory animal allergy
1554:Chimney sweeps' carcinoma
1529:Byssinosis ("brown lung")
1391:Prevention through Design
1266:10.1016/j.jsr.2008.02.026
1150:United Kingdom Parliament
1096:Prevention Through Design
731:Prevention through Design
290:Prevention through design
218:Occupational epidemiology
2192:Hostile work environment
2172:Environmental toxicology
2065:Redundancy (engineering)
1679:Repetitive strain injury
991:10.26616/NIOSHPUB2014123
799:10.26616/NIOSHPUB2015198
632:10.26616/NIOSHPUB2012147
2237:Quality of working life
2023:Administrative controls
326:considered for deletion
213:Occupational toxicology
164:Administrative controls
1832:Occupational therapist
1812:Industrial engineering
1604:Glassblower's cataract
1569:Decompression sickness
1229:www.legislation.gov.au
2302:Occupational diseases
2267:Workers' compensation
1827:Occupational medicine
1689:Silo-filler's disease
1654:Mule spinners' cancer
898:"Safe Work Australia"
384:Hierarchy of Controls
380:occupational injuries
62:neutral point of view
2028:Engineering controls
2003:Emergency evacuation
1807:Environmental health
1574:De Quervain syndrome
1564:Concussions in sport
298:occupational hazards
178:Occupational hygiene
159:Engineering controls
105:Occupational hazards
2162:Effects of overtime
2045:Job safety analysis
2033:Hazard substitution
1998:Emergency procedure
1776:Exposure assessment
1761:Occupational stress
1754:Psychosocial hazard
1734:Occupational hazard
1599:Flock worker's lung
902:Safe Work Australia
873:www.saferdesign.org
733:. Accessed 9/24/08.
292:(PtD), also called
192:Exposure assessment
54:promotional content
2352:Safety engineering
2197:Indoor air quality
2101:Diving regulations
2018:Hazard elimination
1837:Safety engineering
1090:CDC (2024-06-04).
56:and inappropriate
2334:
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2247:Safety data sheet
2060:Operations manual
1941:Bangladesh Accord
1929:
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1739:Biological hazard
1434:978-0-471-29189-3
1423:978-0-07-148244-8
345:In the domain of
310:product designers
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1988:Contingency plan
1983:Code of practice
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449:In 2007, the US
403:regulation codes
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294:safety by design
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231:Connected topics
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2242:Risk management
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1744:Chemical hazard
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848:TĂśV Rheinland
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39:This article
37:
28:
27:
19:
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2294:
2121:Right to sit
2111:Potty parity
1770:
1704:Tennis elbow
1699:Surfer's ear
1644:Mesothelioma
1614:Hearing loss
1373:. Retrieved
1369:
1351:. Retrieved
1347:
1306:
1300:
1290:
1257:
1253:
1243:
1232:. Retrieved
1228:
1218:
1207:. Retrieved
1203:
1194:
1182:. Retrieved
1178:
1165:
1153:. Retrieved
1149:
1136:
1124:. Retrieved
1120:
1110:
1099:. Retrieved
1095:
1070:. Retrieved
1066:
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1045:. Retrieved
1041:
1032:
1020:. Retrieved
1016:
1007:
995:. Retrieved
981:
972:
964:
959:
939:. Retrieved
935:the original
930:
921:
910:. Retrieved
906:the original
901:
892:
881:. Retrieved
877:the original
872:
863:
852:. Retrieved
847:
838:
827:. Retrieved
823:
814:
803:. Retrieved
789:
780:
767:
755:. Retrieved
751:
738:
713:
704:
695:
686:
677:
660:
647:
636:. Retrieved
625:. May 2012.
622:
572:
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469:
460:
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405:such as the
388:
373:
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344:
332:
319:
306:construction
293:
289:
288:
154:Substitution
130:Psychosocial
76:
70:January 2024
67:
52:by removing
48:Please help
40:
2157:Drug policy
2094:Legislation
1800:Professions
1624:Indium lung
1519:Brucellosis
1514:Berylliosis
1072:18 November
1067:www.CDC.gov
1047:18 November
1042:www.CDC.gov
1022:18 November
1017:www.CDC.gov
997:18 November
982:www.CDC.gov
850:(in German)
790:www.cdc.gov
466:Integration
432:ventilation
149:Elimination
2341:Categories
2257:Toxic tort
2207:Job strain
2177:Ergonomics
2152:Break room
1674:Radium jaw
1664:Phossy jaw
1539:Chalicosis
1509:Barotrauma
1499:Asbestosis
1234:2023-05-10
1209:2023-05-10
1101:2024-08-26
941:2017-04-19
912:2017-04-19
883:2017-04-19
854:2017-04-19
829:2017-04-19
805:2017-02-01
638:2017-03-05
602:References
527:revisions.
489:Government
399:compliance
357:Background
302:life cycle
125:Biological
50:improve it
1978:Checklist
1946:ISO 45001
1934:Standards
1684:Silicosis
1494:Acrodynia
1323:0925-7535
1274:0022-4375
569:Education
555:Singapore
546:Australia
507:Buy Quiet
484:In the US
424:elevators
364:Australia
324:is being
2307:Journals
2296:Category
2222:Overwork
2140:See also
1893:(Canada)
1884:National
1847:Agencies
1709:Tinnitus
1579:Erethism
1486:injuries
1481:diseases
1375:21 April
1353:21 April
1309:: 8–14.
1282:18454974
984:. 2014.
792:. 2015.
578:See also
409:. Many
317:template
120:Chemical
115:Physical
2325:Commons
1905:(Spain)
1899:(Italy)
1726:hygiene
1524:Burnout
1334:Sources
1184:May 10,
1155:May 10,
1126:May 10,
757:May 10,
417:History
391:hazards
2008:Hazard
1971:Safety
1504:Asthma
1432:
1421:
1321:
1280:
1272:
672:, 1996
668:
428:boiler
426:, and
2147:Break
1366:(PDF)
1348:NIOSH
1344:(PDF)
1175:(PDF)
1146:(PDF)
748:(PDF)
315:‹The
205:Study
1958:(US)
1922:(US)
1911:(UK)
1849:and
1484:and
1430:ISBN
1419:ISBN
1377:2020
1355:2020
1319:ISSN
1278:PMID
1270:ISSN
1223:AG.
1186:2023
1157:2023
1128:2023
1074:2017
1049:2017
1024:2017
999:2017
759:2023
666:ISBN
493:The
457:Goal
374:The
1370:CDC
1311:doi
1262:doi
986:doi
794:doi
627:doi
308:or
2343::
1368:.
1346:.
1317:.
1307:73
1305:.
1299:.
1276:.
1268:.
1258:39
1256:.
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1177:.
1148:.
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1094:.
1082:^
1065:.
1040:.
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980:.
963:,
950:^
929:.
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846:.
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750:.
722:^
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328:.›
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629::
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68:(
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46:.
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
