632:(1965). In addition, production designer Hayden Pearce secured the use of the manor house in Littleton Park (the studios' original site) to serve as the filming location for Jessica and Jo's home. Warren said of the filming arrangements: "This really was quite a unique situation because ... here we were in a studio looking at a real house and real rooms as if shooting on location." The crew were permitted to redecorate the rooms as necessary and, to this end, make use of any of the items in the studios' prop store. Warren states that this resulted in a "crazy" mixture of decors that "certainly helped create the right atmosphere" for the film.
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back to the house. While the women clean themselves up, Kator consumes Wally. Jessica tells Jo that she will no longer be controlled and is leaving with Anders. Outraged, Jo knocks her unconscious and runs into the woods to dig a grave for her. On waking, Jessica seduces Kator. As they start to have sex, Kator's predatory instincts are stirred, causing him to revert to his natural form and tear open
Jessica's throat, killing her. Having returned to the house, Jo attempts to flee but falls into the open grave just as Kator catches up with her. She screams as the scene fades to black.
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the lesbian characters of
Jessica and Jo are social outcasts and their rural home represents "a breakaway from the modern industrial world". According to Locks, the slow-motion drowning scene, which is accompanied by a "dark and brooding" combination of synthesiser and piano, symbolises a "deep anxiety over technological and economic expansion since the 1960s" and constitutes a "hysterical reaction to the intrusiveness of modern cultural change". More broadly, Locks identifies
456:. Jo's sexuality is rivalled by Kator's "carnivorous masculinity" – which, as shown during Jessica's death scene, "grows out of the 'natural' sexual play between hunter and prey". Hunt observes that Kator, though a predator, is not invulnerable in this hostile world of femininity: his near-drowning could be seen as a "threatening immersion in the feminine". Noting that Jessica and Jo, as vegetarians, are essentially
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335:. Although Jessica owns the property, having inherited it from her Canadian parents, the dominant of the pair is Jo, who is unusually possessive of Jessica and suspicious of men. Simon, Jessica's boyfriend, has mysteriously disappeared. The women are vegetarians and live in seclusion with only some chickens and a pet parrot, Wally, for company.
481:, a story of metaphorical predation in which the implied lesbian relationship between two women, Banford and March, is disrupted by the unexpected arrival of a soldier called Henry. According to Hunt, plot elements shared by the two works include the "enclosed world" of the women's chicken farm and the way in which their lifestyle of "
670:. Marcel was highly impressed with the footage and insisted that Alan Jones, the film's editor, leave the scene uncut despite Warren's concerns that it was too long. Filming ended on 3 June with the scene of Anderson and Sandy's deaths; as the final filming day had run into the early hours of the following morning, this was shot
343:(which she is herself). Returning to the spot where he killed Anderson and Sandy, Kator kills and partly devours two policemen who are examining the couple's abandoned car. At the house, Jessica finds a knife and bloodstained clothes in a spare bedroom. Recognising Simon's clothes, she realises that he was murdered by Jo.
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is more "character-driven" than most other science fiction horror films, and praises the sustained tension and "distinctive" dynamics of the plot. His one major criticism is the cinematography and editing, which he considers "less than expertly done"; the drowning scene, for example, is prolonged "to
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They told me an outline of the story – 'it's about an alien that comes to Earth in search of a food source and encounters a lesbian couple, and discovers humans are high in protein and easy prey'. Then they said, 'you have got to start in three weeks' time and it has to be finished in ten days. Also,
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brings out more of the hunter in Kator. Later, Jo is disturbed to find the fox carcass stripped bare and realises that the animal was not caught in a trap as she and
Jessica thought. Jessica angrily rejects her warnings about Anders, interpreting Jo's fear as jealousy and revealing that she knows the
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alien named Kator lands in the woods of rural
England. The vanguard of an invasion force, his mission is to evaluate the suitability of humans as a source of food for his species. He kills Anderson and Sandy, a couple having a tryst in their parked car, and assumes the appearance of Anderson. Later,
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as the "most minimal of Warren's exploitation films, and among the strangest
British movies of all time", arguing that it plays like "a reverse spoof; the material could have been absurd and comical, with a succession of very dark jokes, but the treatment (especially the performances) is serious to
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Filming began after only half a day's rehearsal and without a finished script; the actors received new lines each day. According to Warren, "dear old Max Cuff was trying to keep up with us. He was writing like mad." Certain scenes were partly or wholly improvised: one example is a sex scene between
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pretensions" that is "difficult to watch even for exploitation fans". He describes the film as having unrelenting tension and "claustrophobia", commenting: "deaths seem like appropriate punctuation at the end of a miserable sentence, giving the film a grim tone of hopelessness that few will derive
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suggested that the film's "pleasantly outrageous" theme "would have been more appealing treated with the sense of humour loudly called for by its most promising notions". However, he also observed the "attractive settings and photography" and "very creditable performances" of the lead actors. Over
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The scene in which
Jessica and Jo save Kator from drowning in the river was one of the first to be shot and presented difficulties for the crew. For years, the Ash had been used as a waste dump, causing the water to stagnate; according to Warren it looked "more like crude oil". Moreover, Annen was
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evokes a "mythic
English past" through its characterisation, setting, cinematography and music; these aspects serve to de-emphasise the importance of modern technology and collectively represent a "disavowal of the modern". He believes that the film conveys a strong sense of isolation, noting that
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The next morning, Jo arms herself with her knife and stalks Kator as he hunts swans on a nearby river. Her murder attempt is thwarted when
Jessica calls for her from the house. Kator wades into the river and starts to drown, alerting Jessica with his screams. Jessica and Jo rescue him and take him
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and David
Wimbury and developed by Quinn Donoghue. At the beginning of May 1977, Marcel pitched it to Warren, who was fascinated by the idea and quickly agreed to direct. Warren described the film as his "most hectic" production but also "a lot of fun". Max Cuff, a journalist in his twenties, was
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The next morning, Jo is furious to find all the chickens slaughtered. Blaming a local fox, she lays traps for the animal and goes after it with a rifle, assisted by
Jessica and Kator. When the hunt fails, Kator tracks and kills the fox on his own and presents it to Jessica and Jo as a trophy. The
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The outdoor shooting was aided by the weather, which was sunny and warm throughout. This inspired Warren to direct the film in a "leisurely" manner while maintaining an "underlying sense of tension and uncertainty" to create a more shocking finale. Warren considered the premise of the film to be
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Calling himself Anders, and feigning an injured leg, Kator is taken in by Jessica and Jo. His arrival immediately causes friction between the two women. Bored of her monotonous existence, Jessica welcomes the stranger's presence, but Jo is openly resentful and suggests that the socially-awkward
820:, Reed gives a mostly positive assessment: he describes the film as "flawed" yet "ambitious and somewhat mesmerising", as well as "experimental". Peter Hutchings considers the film "bizarre" but adds that the "sustained seriousness" of Warren's direction and the "doom-filled atmosphere" save
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seclusion" comes under threat, not only from a fox that slaughters their poultry but also from the handsome male stranger whose presence finally leads one of the women into "heterosexual temptation". Cooper suggests that the film also pastiches
432:"finds unexpected vantage points for subtle commentary on the themes of sexism, love, adultery, betrayal and racism – all within the context of a gay-alien-zombie-vampire gore-fest". Critic Steve Chibnall describes the film as a "dark
658:"intimate" and situation-driven, arguing that the light script and small cast allowed the characters to develop naturally as the shooting progressed. Stuntmen Jerry Crampton and Eddie Stacey filmed their scenes in about two hours.
572:. He remembers that during this time "everyone was working flat out – there wasn't any sitting around waiting." The cast were supplied by a single talent agency, which also invested in the film: CCA Management, founded by
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Critical response to the film has been mixed: verdicts range from "odd", "bizarre" or "eccentric" to "ambitious" and "experimental", while the film's "claustrophobic" atmosphere has drawn both praise and criticism.
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that often failed to perform when needed and squawked loudly off-camera, causing problems with the sound recording. He eventually escaped from his birdcage and was never seen again.
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pleasure from". He calls Faulkner's performance "particularly grating". By contrast, Newman and Marriott praise the "surprisingly good turns" from Stokes, Annen and Faulkner.
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276:) as part of his mission to evaluate humans as a source of food. It was filmed in ten days on a budget of about £50,000 (roughly £400,000 in 2023) using locations near
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471:, Kator serves as a "blunt metaphor for the threat that male figures pose to lesbian relationships". The film has been compared by both Hunt and critic Ian Cooper to
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score. It featured interjections by traditional instruments which were played by Slaney himself, including a piano. Slaney also composed for Warren's next film,
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fable" that, while "eccentric and sometimes unintentionally humorous offers a serious discourse on the predatory nature of masculinity." Leon Hunt, author of
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the characters of Jessica and Jo, which was added mainly to boost the film's overseas distribution prospects. Many of the crew had recently finished work on
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To reduce costs, no alien spacecraft is seen at the start of the film; instead, Kator's arrival is conveyed solely by flashing lights and sound effects.
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has also received comment for its presentation of conflicting male and female sexuality, with some critics noting similarities to the plot of the
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on an alien transceiver. Hungrily watching two girls walking along the river, he advises his superiors to dispatch more of his kind to Earth.
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unable to swim. To minimise the amount of time the actors would have to spend in the water, Warren filmed the scene in slow motion on a
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Locks, Adam (2010). "Anglo Argento: A Critical Reassessment of the Films of Norman J. Warren". In Forster, Laurel; Harper, Sue (eds.).
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as whole, judging it a "nicely claustrophobic melodrama" and one of several "overlooked" British science fiction horrors of the 1970s.
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establishes itself as one of a number of 1970s British horror films in which country houses are depicted as places of "dangerous
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594:(1979), also directed by Warren. Not all of the cast were professional actors: Sandy Chinney was the girlfriend of the second
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Chibnall, Steve (1999). "Alien Women: The Politics of Sexual Difference in British SF Pulp Cinema". In Hunter, I.Q. (ed.).
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The film was distributed by Supreme in the UK. Cuts to Kator's killing of Jessica were required for the film to secure an
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whenever they fell behind schedule and filming scenes in no more than three takes to keep costs down. Stokes, who wore
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642:, on which Marcel had been assistant director. They completed an average of 35 camera set-ups per day, employing
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452:– bisexual or lesbian, unstable or jealous, murderous and castrating". In this respect, he considers the film
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effort", "slyly humorous" and "disturbing". He argues that – partly by necessity, due to its low budget –
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as part of his alien make-up, needed regular injections to ease the discomfort in his eyes. "Wally" was a
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Shortly after the film's release, Marcel and Warren began work on a sequel – provisionally titled
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Warren agreed to shoot the film in ten days starting on 23 May, giving him just three weeks for
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1627:"Interview: Director Norman J. Warren on "Inseminoid", "Prey" ... and "Bloody New Year"!"
1148:. Historical Dictionaries of Literature and the Arts. Lanham, Maryland and Plymouth, UK:
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as a "competing carnivore movie" whose ultimate aim is "gender restoration" at any cost.
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2039:. A to Z Guides. Lanham, Maryland and Plymouth, UK: Scarecrow Press. p. 327.
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1749:"Satan Chic: An Interview with Cult British Horror Director Norman J. Warren"
528:, is set in a "mythic" England that bears little relation to the real world.
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1552:. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 218–221.
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859:. The idea was abandoned due to the limited distribution of the original.
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Horror! The Definitive Companion to the Most Terrifying Movies Ever Made
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Horror! The Definitive Companion to the Most Terrifying Movies Ever Made
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he encounters Jessica-Ann and Josephine, a lesbian couple who live in a
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1421:. London, UK and New York City, New York: Routledge. pp. 154–159.
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As the low budget precluded hiring an orchestra, the film's composer,
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trio celebrate with a champagne party for which Jo dresses Kator in
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1896:. Vol. 45, no. 533. British Film Institute. p. 119.
440:, further analyses the conflict of gender roles and sexualities in
1385:. British Popular Cinema. London, UK and New York City, New York:
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to "farm humans like cattle". Marcel compared the plot to that of
626:. Several scenes feature a bridge that had previously appeared in
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we don't have a script at the moment'. And we all still said yes!
1291:"Kelly Marcel: 'Someone from Disney's going to come and kill me'"
2068:. De Montfort Research Papers in the Humanities. Leicester, UK:
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1254:"Brit films take centre-stage in Horror Channel's June line-up"
584:, who had graduated from drama school the year before. She and
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hired to write a script based on Marcel and Wimbury's outline.
1667:"Satan's Terror: An Exclusive Interview with Norman J. Warren"
1263:
1964:
Newman, Kim (April 2005). "The Norman J. Warren Collection".
782:, Jeremy Heilman praises the film, describing it as a "solid
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as an example of an English surrealist tradition started by
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Locating Identity: Essays on Nation, Community and the Self
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According to Jim Reed of the Psychotronic Film Society of
1673:(Interview). Interviewed by Genier, Steve. Archived from
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British Culture and Society in the 1970s: The Lost Decade
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from becoming a "piece of camp nonsense". Fred Beldin of
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as a "defiantly odd low-fi sci-fi film". Writing for the
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Marcel provided Warren with a filming slot on the wooded
1133:(Media notes). Odeon Entertainment/Euro London. ODNF389.
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Cooke, Paul; Sadler, David; Zurbrugg, Nicholas (1996).
2006:"10 Great Overlooked British Horror Films of the 1970s"
1419:
British Low Culture: from Safari Suits to Sexploitation
438:
British Low Culture: from Safari Suits to Sexploitation
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the years, reactions to the film have remained mixed.
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Some time later, Kator leaves the house and calls his
1183:. San Francisco, California: Our Film Festival, Inc.
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in Surrey. It had a limited distribution on release.
268:) landing on Earth and befriending a lesbian couple (
1523:. Studying British Cinema. New York City, New York:
803:calls it "excruciating". Lyons is complimentary of
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Derek Kavanagh as Radio DJ (voice only; uncredited)
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791:the point of unintentional hilarity". Newman and
561:was made on a budget of approximately £50,000 in
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832:as a "dismal, unsettling film" with "occasional
1847:Terror/Prey: The Original Unreleased Soundtrack
1521:Frightmares: A History of British Horror Cinema
741:prior to its first home video release in 1986.
536:
1633:(Interview). Interviewed by Alexander, Chris.
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1122:
1120:
460:who both fall victim to Kator, Hunt describes
444:. He argues that through the character of Jo,
2392:English-language science fiction horror films
2154:
1443:"Jeremy Heilman Movie Reviews & Previews"
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518:and sustained by works such as the TV series
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1719:(DVD documentary). Anchor Bay Entertainment.
1715:; Pearce, Hayden; Warren, Norman J. (2013).
1620:
1618:
1707:Producer: Warren, Norman J.; Interviewees:
1593:"Exclusive Interview with Norman J. Warren"
1366:. Odeon Entertainment/Euro London. ODNF389.
16:For other films as well as other uses, see
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1217:"Film Scene: Young Pacino and Sexy Aliens"
36:
27:
2382:LGBT-related science fiction horror films
1755:(Interview). Interviewed by Locks, Adam.
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1656:
1654:
1652:
1514:
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957:List of films featuring domestic violence
952:List of films featuring extraterrestrials
264:. The plot concerns a carnivorous alien (
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1997:
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306:and has been cited as an example of the
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1175:"British Horror, After the Hammer Fell"
1146:Historical Dictionary of British Cinema
973:
723:granted on 2 November 1977. In London,
2012:. London, UK: British Film Institute.
1859:from the original on 18 September 2016
1625:Warren, Norman J. (31 December 2015).
1210:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1144:Burton, Alan; Chibnall, Steve (2013).
994:. Creepy*Images. pp. 57–58, 65.
992:Norman J. Warren: Gentleman of Terror
704:were released jointly on CD in 2009.
552:The story was conceived by producers
7:
1939:British Board of Film Classification
1759:from the original on 30 October 2013
1497:from the original on 18 October 2015
1459:from the original on 16 October 2015
1945:from the original on 21 August 2016
1603:from the original on 13 August 2013
1085:from the original on 1 January 2013
990:Locks, Adam; Smith, Adrian (2021).
249:in some markets) is a 1977 British
2397:English-language independent films
2352:Films directed by Norman J. Warren
2016:from the original on 23 April 2016
1974:and Lucas, Donna. pp. 64–68.
1970:. No. 118. Cincinnati, Ohio:
1252:Whittington, James (3 June 2016).
1187:from the original on 10 April 2014
937:List of LGBT-related films of 1977
298:(1922). It has been compared to a
42:Theatrical release artwork from a
14:
1825:from the original on 11 June 2008
1303:from the original on 9 April 2016
1289:Leigh, Danny (21 November 2013).
1270:from the original on 18 June 2016
18:Prey (disambiguation) § Film
2372:Films shot at Shepperton Studios
1747:Warren, Norman J. (April 2009).
1665:Warren, Norman J. (April 2005).
1637:from the original on 23 May 2016
1481:Heilman, Jeremy (15 July 2009).
1233:from the original on 23 May 2016
911:
897:
883:
869:
515:Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
2317:Cross-dressing in British films
1173:Harvey, Dennis (1 April 2014).
947:Media portrayals of bisexuality
401:Jerry Crampton as 2nd Policeman
2327:Films about female bisexuality
2004:Lyons, Kevin (14 April 2016).
1717:Keep on Running: Making "Prey"
1381:British Science Fiction Cinema
1215:Reed, Jim (19 February 2014).
639:The Pink Panther Strikes Again
1:
2322:Films about alien visitations
2135:at Grindhouse Cinema Database
1851:. San Francisco, California:
1782:. Jefferson, North Carolina:
1780:British Horror Film Locations
1599:. Wood, Chris. 11 July 2011.
1451:. San Francisco, California:
1077:. San Francisco, California:
927:List of British films of 1977
721:British Board of Film Censors
629:Dr. Terror's House of Horrors
398:Eddie Stacey as 1st Policeman
314:) genre. Plans for a sequel,
2337:Films about mental disorders
2272:1970s English-language films
932:List of horror films of 1977
696:(1978). The soundtracks for
339:Anders is an escapee from a
2362:Films set in country houses
2357:Films scored by Ivor Slaney
2037:The A to Z of Horror Cinema
1809:"Warren, Norman J. (1942–)"
1364:"Prey" DVD audio commentary
1262:. New York City, New York:
942:Media portrayal of lesbians
469:Online Film Critics Society
2413:
2307:British LGBT-related films
2297:1977 science fiction films
1129:Warren, Norman J. (2013).
749:In a contemporary review,
565:payments and £3,000 cash.
467:For Jeremy Heilman of the
15:
2347:Films about shapeshifting
2302:British independent films
2177:
2035:Hutchings, Peter (2009).
1893:The Monthly Film Bulletin
1525:Columbia University Press
1487:(Norman J. Warren, 1978)"
775:the point of solemnity."
756:The Monthly Film Bulletin
411:as the girls (uncredited)
35:
1597:britishhorrorfilms.co.uk
828:is critical, summing up
2292:1977 LGBT-related films
1784:McFarland & Company
499:Adam Locks argues that
351:. A subsequent game of
2312:British monster movies
2287:1977 independent films
2070:De Montfort University
1819:British Film Institute
1778:Pykett, Derek (2008).
1131:"Prey" DVD liner notes
962:List of monster movies
919:Science fiction portal
801:British Film Institute
580:was the film debut of
541:
395:Sandy Chinney as Sandy
166:Tymar Film Productions
2377:Lesbian-related films
2342:Films about murderers
1227:Morris Communications
1222:Savannah Morning News
817:Savannah Morning News
711:Release and reception
380:as Kator and Anderson
2367:Films set in England
2277:1970s monster movies
1807:Botting, Josephine.
1631:shocktillyoudrop.com
1519:Cooper, Ian (2016).
1225:. Augusta, Georgia:
778:In a 2009 review on
341:psychiatric hospital
2332:Films about hunters
2267:1970s British films
1671:cinema-nocturna.com
1417:Hunt, Leon (1998).
1259:horrorchannel.co.uk
770:in 2005, describes
686:, devised a mostly
356:truth about Simon.
232:£50,000 (estimated)
2169:Films directed by
2072:. pp. 48–54.
1753:sensesofcinema.com
737:. It was re-rated
668:tetanus injections
620:Shepperton Studios
596:assistant director
588:later appeared in
318:, were abandoned.
278:Shepperton Studios
188:November 1977
2282:1977 horror films
2249:
2248:
1360:Warren, Norman J.
1079:All Media Network
1001:978-3-00-070720-9
856:Starship Troopers
810:Cooper describes
745:Critical response
664:high-speed camera
622:, located on the
488:José Ramón Larraz
426:Savannah, Georgia
236:
235:
175:Premier Releasing
25:1977 British film
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2183:Her Private Hell
2171:Norman J. Warren
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475:'s 1922 novella
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262:Norman J. Warren
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1069:(1978): Review"
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672:night-for-night
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512:'s 1865 novel
473:D. H. Lawrence
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2018:. Retrieved
2009:
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1934:
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1861:. Retrieved
1846:
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1827:. Retrieved
1814:Screenonline
1812:
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1761:. Retrieved
1752:
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1679:. Retrieved
1675:the original
1670:
1639:. Retrieved
1630:
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1305:. Retrieved
1296:The Guardian
1294:
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1272:. Retrieved
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1189:. Retrieved
1178:
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1087:. Retrieved
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905:LGBTQ portal
854:
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551:
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454:misogynistic
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409:Rosie Marcel
405:Kelly Marcel
386:as Josephine
378:Barry Stokes
362:
358:
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337:
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308:exploitation
293:
285:
282:
266:Barry Stokes
258:Terry Marcel
256:produced by
245:
244:
239:
238:
237:
204:Running time
181:Release date
113:Barry Stokes
51:
47:
22:
2223:Outer Touch
1023:Newman, Kim
877:Film portal
688:synthesised
684:Ivor Slaney
591:Outer Touch
582:Glory Annen
574:Howard Pays
390:Glory Annen
365:mother ship
333:manor house
304:zombie film
274:Glory Annen
254:horror film
152:Ivor Slaney
123:Glory Annen
87:Produced by
61:Directed by
46:poster for
2262:1977 films
2256:Categories
2231:Inseminoid
2010:bfi.org.uk
1972:Lucas, Tim
1935:bbfc.co.uk
1884:Milne, Tom
1389:. p.
1067:Alien Prey
968:References
847:Human Prey
762:Kim Newman
532:Production
483:homoerotic
458:herbivores
316:Human Prey
246:Alien Prey
208:85 minutes
159:Production
143:Alan Jones
1988:646838004
1980:1070-9991
1949:22 August
1902:0027-0407
1886:(1978). "
1387:Routledge
1307:30 August
1029:(2013) .
751:Tom Milne
624:River Ash
434:Darwinian
140:Edited by
2115:AllMovie
2020:3 August
2014:Archived
1943:Archived
1857:Archived
1853:AllMusic
1823:Archived
1757:Archived
1635:Archived
1601:Archived
1495:Archived
1457:Archived
1453:Flixster
1362:(2013).
1301:Archived
1268:Archived
1231:Archived
1185:Archived
1083:Archived
1074:AllMovie
863:See also
851:en masse
834:arthouse
826:AllMovie
652:cockatoo
563:deferred
496:(1974).
493:Vampyres
490:'s film
292:novella
243:(titled
221:Language
148:Music by
106:Starring
79:Story by
74:Max Cuff
1910:2594020
1463:19 June
1274:25 June
1237:17 June
1089:18 June
784:B-movie
616:backlot
610:Filming
544:–
478:The Fox
300:vampire
295:The Fox
224:English
213:Country
192:1977-11
190: (
161:company
2242:(1987)
2234:(1981)
2226:(1979)
2218:(1978)
2215:Terror
2210:(1977)
2202:(1976)
2194:(1969)
2186:(1968)
2076:
2043:
1986:
1978:
1908:
1900:
1829:24 May
1790:
1763:31 May
1681:31 May
1641:31 May
1607:31 May
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1501:8 June
1425:
1397:
1191:24 May
1180:Fandor
1156:
1041:
998:
702:Terror
693:Terror
420:Themes
229:Budget
604:Rosie
600:Kelly
2207:Prey
2132:Prey
2121:Prey
2110:Prey
2104:IMDb
2099:Prey
2085:Prey
2074:ISBN
2041:ISBN
2022:2016
1984:OCLC
1976:ISSN
1951:2016
1929:Prey
1906:OCLC
1898:ISSN
1888:Prey
1865:2016
1831:2016
1788:ISBN
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1683:2016
1643:2016
1609:2016
1554:ISBN
1529:ISBN
1503:2016
1485:Prey
1465:2016
1423:ISBN
1395:ISBN
1309:2016
1276:2016
1239:2016
1193:2016
1154:ISBN
1091:2016
1039:ISBN
996:ISBN
830:Prey
822:Prey
812:Prey
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