60:
351:
90:
1073:
1053:. During cohabitation, according to the Constitutional Council, "the center of gravity of power shifts from the Elysée to Matignon", with the president losing his status as head of the executive. In such cases, the prime minister traditionally exercises primacy in domestic affairs, while the president limits their action to defense and, to a lesser degree, to foreign affairs.
869:
74:
970:), over which the prime minister is entitled to preside. Ministers defend the programmes of their ministries to the prime minister, who makes budgetary choices. The extent to which those decisions lie with the prime minister or president often depends upon whether they are of the same political party. If so, the president may serve as both the head of state and
1049:
formulating directions on national defense and foreign policy while arbitrating the efficient service of all governmental authorities in France. Other members of the government are appointed by the president "on the recommendation of the prime minister". In practice, the prime minister acts in harmony with the president, except when there is a
1114:. As a result, cabinets were often toppled twice a year, and there were long stretches where France was left with only a caretaker government. Under the circumstances, the president of the council was usually a fairly weak figure whose strength was more dependent on charisma than formal powers. Often, he was little more than
1039:
Although the president's choice of prime minister must be in accordance with the majority in the
National Assembly, a prime minister does not have to ask for a vote of confidence after a government formation, having been legitimized by the president's assignment and approval of the government. Prior
1056:
The prime minister can "engage the responsibility" of the government before the
National Assembly. This process consists of placing a bill before the assembly, and either the assembly overthrows the government, or the bill is passed automatically (article 49). In addition to ensuring that the
1048:
According to article 21 of the
Constitution, the prime minister "shall direct the actions of the Government". Additionally, Article 20 stipulates that the government "shall determine and conduct the policy of the Nation", and it includes domestic issues, while the president concentrates on
962:. Upon appointment, the prime minister proposes a list of ministers to the president. Decrees and decisions signed by the prime minister, like almost all executive decisions, are subject to the oversight of the administrative court system. Some decrees are taken after advice from the
1031:
While prime ministers are usually chosen from amongst the ranks of the
National Assembly, on rare occasions the president has selected a non-officeholder because of experience in bureaucracy or foreign service, or success in business management—former Minister of Foreign Affairs
1137:
includes several provisions intended to strengthen the prime minister's position, for instance by restricting the legislature's power to censure the government. As a result, a prime minister has only been censured once during the existence of the Fifth
Republic, in 1962 when
1064:(article 61). Before dissolving the assembly, the president must consult the prime minister and the presidents of both houses of Parliament (article 12). The prime minister is the only member of the government able to introduce legislation in Parliament.
2004:
1674:
1420:
3327:
1819:
174:
1110:. In practice, this proved insufficient to command the confidence of France's multi-party parliament. Most notably, the legislature had the power to force the entire cabinet out of office by a
3802:
2180:
2165:
2135:
3967:
3382:
1413:
486:
378:
3792:
3597:
1347:
Le chef de l'État, élu au suffrage universel direct, perd sa fonction de direction de l'exécutif au profit du
Premier ministre, responsable devant l'Assemblée nationale.
1406:
818:
4038:
1057:
government still has support in the house, some bills that might prove too controversial to pass through the normal assembly rules are able to be passed this way.
3367:
2860:
1914:
1879:
906:
3377:
2128:
2349:
666:
502:
3212:
2243:
2160:
278:
3737:
1198:
3917:
3782:
2190:
1320:
4104:
3937:
2121:
1789:
3907:
3632:
3257:
1924:
1267:
3942:
3412:
2238:
2034:
1839:
1489:
1107:
3457:
3442:
2321:
2301:
772:
555:
4099:
3742:
3617:
3387:
1088:
570:
2248:
2213:
4048:
3842:
3722:
3707:
3502:
3407:
2144:
2060:
1954:
1949:
1164:
855:
647:
513:
431:
267:
31:
2667:
1147:
1017:
899:
749:
657:
637:
607:
3852:
3507:
3178:
2065:
1509:
1294:
1061:
754:
533:
4068:
4058:
4033:
3827:
3807:
3337:
2359:
2170:
2081:
1704:
827:
164:
1249:
797:
3998:
3912:
3787:
3712:
3582:
3282:
3242:
3205:
2152:
2019:
1689:
963:
807:
764:
538:
481:
169:
4053:
3947:
3887:
3687:
3677:
3657:
3637:
3572:
3432:
3402:
3362:
3292:
3277:
1944:
1904:
1804:
1730:
1624:
879:
406:
2233:
1024:
was the largest party in the
National Assembly, it did not have an absolute majority. The RPR had an alliance with the
792:
4013:
3872:
3862:
3822:
3662:
3627:
3492:
3317:
3272:
1919:
1619:
892:
812:
785:
543:
332:
64:
2988:
2185:
441:
416:
4078:
3897:
3892:
3837:
3832:
3757:
3732:
3672:
3642:
3452:
3427:
3422:
3352:
3347:
3332:
3297:
3237:
2422:
2417:
2392:
2050:
1999:
1994:
1969:
1939:
1824:
1735:
1126:
1025:
994:
959:
704:
602:
477:
802:
4043:
3957:
3952:
3932:
3847:
3812:
3767:
3697:
3692:
3682:
3667:
3612:
3557:
3527:
3522:
3497:
3482:
3467:
3447:
3417:
3392:
3342:
3307:
3302:
3287:
3262:
3252:
3247:
3036:
2840:
2767:
2311:
2029:
1974:
1934:
1889:
1884:
1864:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1829:
1814:
1809:
1794:
1784:
1751:
1584:
1050:
1002:
4073:
4063:
4028:
4003:
3993:
3983:
3927:
3922:
3877:
3817:
3777:
3772:
3752:
3727:
3607:
3592:
3587:
3567:
3547:
3512:
3487:
3357:
3322:
3312:
3198:
3172:
2432:
2397:
2055:
2014:
1989:
1979:
1964:
1959:
1909:
1874:
1159:
1021:
548:
59:
2223:
1360:
1001:, the choice of prime minister must reflect the will of the majority in the National Assembly. In periods of
4023:
4008:
3988:
3962:
3902:
3882:
3867:
3857:
3797:
3762:
3702:
3652:
3622:
3562:
3552:
3532:
3517:
3477:
3437:
3267:
2973:
2557:
2009:
1929:
1899:
1614:
1574:
1474:
998:
759:
597:
364:
126:
1228:
1040:
to the 1958 Constitution, the government was required to pass a motion of confidence upon entering office.
4018:
3747:
3717:
3647:
3602:
3577:
3537:
3462:
3397:
3372:
2895:
2293:
1594:
1589:
1134:
1009:
850:
256:
3086:
1125:
After several unsuccessful attempts to strengthen the role in the first half of the twentieth century, a
3111:
3041:
3013:
2379:
1869:
1799:
1720:
1669:
1664:
1639:
1494:
1459:
1133:. It was at this point that the post was formally named "Prime Minister" and took its present form. The
1130:
1084:
1033:
744:
723:
371:
2283:
2258:
1338:
3106:
2502:
2477:
2452:
2437:
2427:
2407:
2387:
2336:
2175:
1699:
1644:
1604:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1539:
1534:
1524:
1519:
1499:
1479:
1469:
1464:
1454:
955:
944:
451:
393:
116:
111:
3136:
3091:
2802:
2757:
2742:
2737:
2692:
2662:
2647:
2597:
2522:
2462:
2024:
1834:
1725:
1694:
1659:
1649:
1634:
1579:
1544:
1529:
1514:
1504:
1484:
990:
951:
737:
612:
588:
526:
490:
401:
236:
217:
190:
954:. The president, who appoints but cannot dismiss the prime minister, can request resignation. The
2642:
2577:
2369:
2273:
2263:
2228:
1765:
1684:
1629:
1609:
1599:
1569:
1117:
936:
845:
642:
341:
205:
151:
3146:
3116:
2845:
2830:
2812:
2732:
2687:
2672:
2278:
1150:, de Gaulle's coalition won an increased majority, and Pompidou was reappointed prime minister.
3131:
3121:
3021:
3003:
2993:
2870:
2792:
2752:
2717:
2707:
2572:
2537:
2344:
2306:
2195:
1679:
1143:
1076:
1036:, for example, served as prime minister from 2005 to 2007 without having held elected office.
578:
506:
470:
350:
210:
195:
89:
3081:
3031:
2772:
2762:
2727:
2712:
2702:
2677:
2637:
2612:
2447:
2218:
1139:
713:
652:
632:
457:
2998:
2928:
2880:
2697:
2682:
2657:
2652:
2632:
2627:
2617:
2602:
2592:
2582:
2567:
2532:
2512:
2492:
2487:
2457:
1984:
1654:
1398:
1111:
1092:
627:
497:
412:
3026:
2622:
2562:
2542:
2507:
2326:
17:
3221:
3156:
3096:
3071:
3066:
3051:
3046:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2875:
2782:
2747:
2482:
2268:
2253:
1060:
The prime minister may also submit a bill that has not been yet signed into law to the
1013:
978:
243:
97:
78:
4093:
3151:
3101:
3076:
3061:
3056:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2903:
2607:
2552:
2547:
2527:
2517:
2497:
2472:
2316:
2205:
1435:
873:
675:
437:
1298:
3126:
2850:
2835:
2822:
2807:
2777:
2722:
2587:
2402:
1106:
The president of the council was vested with similar formal powers to those of the
950:
The prime minister is the holder of the second-highest office in France, after the
2885:
2797:
2787:
993:, who is theoretically free to pick anyone for the post. In practice, because the
1184:
3141:
2978:
2953:
2467:
2442:
2412:
2113:
1072:
2983:
1091:
titled the head of government as the "President of the
Council of Ministers" (
695:
685:
680:
137:
3542:
1894:
1099:), though he was informally called "prime minister" or "premier" outside of
622:
73:
1268:"Rôle du président de la République, cohabitations : un historique"
2098:
1. Partially or entirely in Asia, depending on geographical definition.
997:
has the power to force the resignation of the government by adopting a
690:
617:
1100:
940:
226:
974:
head of government, while the prime minister serves as his deputy.
3190:
1146:'s effort to have the president popularly elected. At the ensuing
1071:
222:
1549:
1391:
1321:"Comment la Constitution organise-t-elle la cohabitation ?"
1250:"La motion de censure : véritable moyen de contrôle ?"
3194:
2117:
1402:
315:
1005:, the prime minister is only responsible to the parliament.
1199:"Live blog: Macron names Michel Barnier new prime minister"
958:, including the prime minister, can be dismissed by the
1122:, and was more the cabinet's chairman than its leader.
2101:
2. Recognised by at least one United
Nations member.
1142:
was toppled over opposition objections to
President
3976:
3228:
3165:
3012:
2894:
2859:
2821:
2378:
2358:
2335:
2292:
2204:
2151:
2074:
2043:
1775:
1764:
1744:
1713:
1445:
1434:
379:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
310:
302:
284:
274:
262:
252:
242:
232:
216:
204:
183:
157:
147:
125:
41:
2104:3. Not recognised by any United Nations members.
1295:"French National Assembly – Assemblée nationale"
268:Several titles were used since the Ancien RĂ©gime
1244:
1242:
1008:One example of cohabitation includes President
1289:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1079:, the official residence of the prime minister
3206:
2129:
1414:
900:
8:
49:
1115:
933:Premier ministre de la République française
112:Council of Ministers of the French Republic
51:Premier ministre de la République française
3213:
3199:
3191:
2136:
2122:
2114:
1772:
1442:
1421:
1407:
1399:
907:
893:
327:
981:, who was appointed on 5 September 2024.
1229:"Qui désigne le Premier ministre ?"
1429:Heads of state and government of Europe
1176:
989:The prime minister is appointed by the
339:
819:Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs
279:Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-PĂ©rigord
38:
929:prime minister of the French Republic
175:National Defence and Security Council
7:
1108:prime minister of the United Kingdom
1097:Président du Conseil des Ministres
1089:French Constitutional Laws of 1875
25:
2005:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
1675:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
1165:List of prime ministers of France
514:Congress of the French Parliament
32:List of prime ministers of France
3793:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1148:1962 French legislative election
867:
556:Cour de Justice de la RĂ©publique
349:
88:
72:
58:
1028:, which gave them a majority.
977:The current prime minister is
828:Politics of the European Union
1:
4105:1958 establishments in France
2145:Heads of government of France
808:France and the United Nations
134:Mr. Prime Minister (informal)
65:Emblem of the French Republic
1327:(in French). 1 October 2021.
1018:legislative election of 1986
1016:as prime minister after the
27:Head of government of France
3383:Congo (Democratic Republic)
102:since 5 September 2024
4121:
1345:(in French). 7 July 2018.
1325:conseil-constitutionnel.fr
1274:(in French). 19 June 2019.
1235:(in French). 11 July 2024.
1026:Union for French Democracy
658:Provence-Alpes-CĂ´te d'Azur
29:
4100:Prime ministers of France
2094:
1363:Le travail gouvernemental
1359:Daguet, François (1987).
1256:(in French). 5 July 2024.
1129:was introduced under the
925:Premier ministre français
107:
85:
71:
57:
48:
3918:Turks and Caicos Islands
3368:Central African Republic
3173:Chief minister of France
1127:semi-presidential system
921:prime minister of France
571:Administrative divisions
331:This article is part of
18:Prime minister of France
1880:Holy See (Vatican City)
1550:Holy See (Vatican City)
1160:First Minister of State
999:motion of no confidence
603:Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
290:; 209 years ago
253:Constituting instrument
3328:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1820:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1490:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1116:
1096:
1080:
1062:Constitutional Council
967:
943:and the leader of its
924:
534:Constitutional Council
257:Constitution of France
50:
3803:São Tomé and Principe
3783:Saint Kitts and Nevis
3179:Deputy Prime Minister
1075:
1034:Dominique de Villepin
1020:. While Mitterrand's
42:Prime Minister of the
3938:United Arab Emirates
2044:Partially recognised
1714:Partially recognised
956:Government of France
945:Council of Ministers
598:Auvergne-RhĂ´ne-Alpes
589:Metropolitan regions
165:Council of Ministers
117:Government of France
3908:Trinidad and Tobago
3258:Antigua and Barbuda
2075:Unrecognised states
1745:Unrecognised states
1392:www.gouvernement.fr
1369:Politique étrangère
1361:"Jacques Fournier.
1339:"Les cohabitations"
1010:François Mitterrand
991:president of France
952:president of France
613:Centre-Val de Loire
1980:Russian Federation
1650:Russian Federation
1185:"IG.com Pay Check"
1118:primus inter pares
1081:
1012:'s appointment of
937:head of government
927:), officially the
856:Political scandals
643:Nouvelle-Aquitaine
544:Court of Cassation
342:Politics of France
152:Head of government
4087:
4086:
3443:Equatorial Guinea
3188:
3187:
3037:Couve de Murville
2111:
2110:
2090:
2089:
1776:UN members
1760:
1759:
1446:UN members
1144:Charles de Gaulle
1135:1958 Constitution
995:National Assembly
960:National Assembly
917:
916:
874:France portal
813:Foreign alliances
786:Foreign relations
773:Political parties
478:National Assembly
326:
325:
306:€178,920 annually
16:(Redirected from
4112:
4039:Nagorno-Karabakh
3743:Papua New Guinea
3378:Congo (Republic)
3215:
3208:
3201:
3192:
3175:(pre-Revolution)
2989:Bourgès-Maunoury
2558:Waldeck-Rousseau
2362:National Defense
2350:Cousin-Montauban
2302:Dupont de l'Eure
2138:
2131:
2124:
2115:
1773:
1443:
1423:
1416:
1409:
1400:
1395:
1394:
1377:
1376:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1335:
1329:
1328:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1301:on 13 March 2013
1297:. Archived from
1291:
1276:
1275:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1246:
1237:
1236:
1225:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1181:
1140:Georges Pompidou
1121:
964:Council of State
909:
902:
895:
872:
871:
870:
714:French Polynesia
705:Overseas country
667:Overseas regions
653:Pays de la Loire
539:Council of State
491:Yaël Braun-Pivet
353:
328:
322:
319:
317:
298:
296:
291:
288:9 July 1815
275:Inaugural holder
170:Council of State
92:
76:
62:
53:
39:
30:For a list, see
21:
4120:
4119:
4115:
4114:
4113:
4111:
4110:
4109:
4090:
4089:
4088:
4083:
3972:
3843:Solomon Islands
3723:North Macedonia
3408:Northern Cyprus
3230:
3229:Prime ministers
3224:
3222:Prime ministers
3219:
3189:
3184:
3161:
3008:
2896:Fourth Republic
2890:
2862:
2855:
2817:
2668:François-Marsal
2374:
2361:
2354:
2331:
2294:Second Republic
2288:
2200:
2147:
2142:
2112:
2107:
2086:
2070:
2061:Northern Cyprus
2039:
1955:North Macedonia
1777:
1767:
1756:
1740:
1731:Northern Cyprus
1709:
1625:North Macedonia
1447:
1437:
1430:
1427:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1381:
1380:
1375:(4): 1000–1001.
1358:
1357:
1353:
1343:vie-publique.fr
1337:
1336:
1332:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1304:
1302:
1293:
1292:
1279:
1272:vie-publique.fr
1266:
1265:
1261:
1254:vie-publique.fr
1248:
1247:
1240:
1233:vie-publique.fr
1227:
1226:
1217:
1207:
1205:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1173:
1156:
1112:vote of censure
1070:
1046:
1022:Socialist Party
987:
941:French Republic
913:
884:
880:Other countries
868:
866:
861:
860:
841:
833:
832:
824:
821:
788:
778:
777:
769:
740:
730:
729:
719:
718:
700:
662:
628:Hauts-de-France
584:
573:
563:
562:
559:
529:
519:
518:
473:
463:
462:
447:
422:
413:Emmanuel Macron
396:
386:
385:
382:
367:
344:
314:
294:
292:
289:
200:
179:
143:
121:
103:
101:
100:
96:
93:
81:
67:
44:French Republic
43:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4118:
4116:
4108:
4107:
4102:
4092:
4091:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3980:
3978:
3974:
3973:
3971:
3970:
3968:Western Sahara
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3943:United Kingdom
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
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2035:United Kingdom
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2017:
2012:
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1131:Fifth Republic
1085:Third Republic
1077:HĂ´tel Matignon
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507:GĂ©rard Larcher
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138:His Excellency
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98:Michel Barnier
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79:Flag of France
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3042:Chaban-Delmas
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1915:Liechtenstein
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1911:
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1585:Liechtenstein
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1448:and observers
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1412:
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1393:
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1374:
1371:(in French).
1370:
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711:
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694:
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689:
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682:
679:
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676:French Guiana
674:
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669:
668:
664:
663:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
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633:ĂŽle-de-France
631:
629:
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621:
619:
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467:
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459:
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453:
449:
448:
443:
439:
438:Gabriel Attal
436:
433:
429:
428:
424:
423:
418:
414:
411:
408:
404:
403:
399:
398:
395:
390:
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370:
369:
366:
365:Constitutions
361:
360:
357:
356:
352:
348:
347:
343:
338:
334:
330:
329:
321:
318:.gouvernement
313:
309:
305:
301:
287:
283:
280:
277:
273:
270:
269:
265:
261:
258:
255:
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99:
91:
84:
80:
75:
70:
66:
61:
56:
52:
47:
40:
37:
33:
19:
4069:Turkmenistan
4059:South Africa
3828:Sint Maarten
3808:Saudi Arabia
3472:
3388:Cook Islands
3338:Burkina Faso
2823:Vichy France
2738:Paul-Boncour
2082:Transnistria
1859:
1752:Transnistria
1372:
1368:
1362:
1354:
1346:
1342:
1333:
1324:
1315:
1303:. Retrieved
1299:the original
1271:
1262:
1253:
1232:
1206:. Retrieved
1202:
1193:
1179:
1124:
1105:
1082:
1059:
1055:
1051:cohabitation
1047:
1038:
1030:
1007:
1003:cohabitation
988:
976:
971:
949:
932:
928:
920:
918:
851:Human rights
750:Presidential
722:
703:
665:
587:
577:
554:
450:
426:
425:
400:
377:
266:
140:(diplomatic)
36:
4049:Philippines
3788:Saint Lucia
3713:New Zealand
3708:Netherlands
3583:South Korea
3578:North Korea
3243:Afghanistan
2861:Provisional
2153:Restoration
2020:Switzerland
1950:Netherlands
1690:Switzerland
1620:Netherlands
1208:5 September
755:Legislative
745:Referendums
724:Departments
471:Legislature
244:Term length
4094:Categories
4054:Seychelles
3948:Uzbekistan
3888:Tajikistan
3688:Mozambique
3678:Montenegro
3658:Mauritania
3638:Madagascar
3633:Luxembourg
3598:Kyrgyzstan
3573:Kazakhstan
3433:East Timor
3363:Cape Verde
3293:Bangladesh
3278:Azerbaijan
3231:by country
2863:Government
2643:Clemenceau
2578:Clemenceau
2433:Waddington
2423:Rochebouët
2161:Talleyrand
1985:San Marino
1945:Montenegro
1925:Luxembourg
1905:Kazakhstan
1805:Azerbaijan
1768:government
1655:San Marino
1615:Montenegro
1595:Luxembourg
1575:Kazakhstan
1475:Azerbaijan
1171:References
1083:Under the
985:Nomination
935:), is the
686:Martinique
681:Guadeloupe
482:Membership
452:Government
295:1815-07-09
196:Parliament
184:Reports to
4014:Indonesia
3873:Swaziland
3863:Sri Lanka
3823:Singapore
3738:Palestine
3663:Mauritius
3628:Lithuania
3493:Greenland
3273:Australia
3181:(defunct)
3132:Cazeneuve
3087:Bérégovoy
3022:De Gaulle
3004:De Gaulle
2871:De Gaulle
2793:Chautemps
2763:Doumergue
2753:Chautemps
2708:Chautemps
2648:Millerand
2613:Doumergue
2538:Bourgeois
2503:Freycinet
2478:Freycinet
2463:Fallières
2453:Freycinet
2438:Freycinet
2312:Cavaignac
2191:Martignac
2181:Richelieu
2171:Dessolles
2166:Richelieu
1920:Lithuania
1590:Lithuania
1203:France 24
966:(French:
923:(French:
765:Municipal
738:Elections
648:Occitania
623:Grand Est
527:Judiciary
503:President
487:President
402:President
394:Executive
285:Formation
263:Precursor
248:Not fixed
237:President
233:Appointer
206:Residence
191:President
158:Member of
95:Incumbent
4079:Zimbabwe
4034:Maldives
3898:Thailand
3893:Tanzania
3838:Slovenia
3833:Slovakia
3758:Portugal
3733:Pakistan
3673:Mongolia
3643:Malaysia
3453:Ethiopia
3428:Dominica
3423:Djibouti
3353:Cameroon
3348:Cambodia
3333:Bulgaria
3298:Barbados
3238:Abkhazia
3137:Philippe
3112:Villepin
3107:Raffarin
3092:Balladur
3032:Pompidou
2999:Pflimlin
2994:Gaillard
2944:Queuille
2934:Queuille
2924:Queuille
2904:Ramadier
2803:Daladier
2773:Bouisson
2758:Daladier
2743:Daladier
2693:Poincaré
2678:Painlevé
2663:Poincaré
2638:Painlevé
2598:Poincaré
2593:Caillaux
2448:Gambetta
2345:Ollivier
2322:Hautpoul
2219:Laffitte
2196:Polignac
2051:Abkhazia
2000:Slovenia
1995:Slovakia
1970:Portugal
1825:Bulgaria
1766:Heads of
1721:Abkhazia
1670:Slovenia
1665:Slovakia
1640:Portugal
1495:Bulgaria
1438:of state
1154:See also
972:de facto
846:Centrism
798:Americas
638:Normandy
608:Brittany
333:a series
4044:Nigeria
3999:Comoros
3958:Vietnam
3953:Vanuatu
3933:Ukraine
3913:Tunisia
3848:Somalia
3813:Senegal
3768:Romania
3698:Namibia
3693:Myanmar
3683:Morocco
3668:Moldova
3618:Lesotho
3613:Lebanon
3558:Jamaica
3543:Ireland
3528:Iceland
3523:Hungary
3498:Grenada
3483:Georgia
3468:Finland
3448:Estonia
3418:Denmark
3403:Curaçao
3393:Croatia
3343:Burundi
3318:Bermuda
3308:Belgium
3303:Belarus
3288:Bahrain
3283:Bahamas
3263:Armenia
3253:Algeria
3248:Albania
3166:Related
3157:Barnier
3122:Ayrault
3082:Cresson
3047:Messmer
2929:Bidault
2919:Schuman
2909:Schuman
2881:Bidault
2841:Flandin
2808:Reynaud
2783:Sarraut
2768:Flandin
2748:Sarraut
2733:Herriot
2728:Tardieu
2713:Tardieu
2703:Tardieu
2688:Herriot
2673:Herriot
2653:Leygues
2623:Viviani
2608:Barthou
2573:Sarrien
2568:Rouvier
2548:Brisson
2493:Floquet
2488:Rouvier
2473:Brisson
2458:Duclerc
2428:Dufaure
2408:Dufaure
2388:Dufaure
2327:Faucher
2244:Mortier
2186:Villèle
2176:Decazes
2030:Ukraine
1975:Romania
1935:Moldova
1895:Ireland
1890:Iceland
1885:Hungary
1870:Germany
1865:Georgia
1855:Finland
1850:Estonia
1845:Denmark
1830:Croatia
1815:Belgium
1810:Belarus
1800:Austria
1795:Armenia
1790:Andorra
1785:Albania
1700:Ukraine
1645:Romania
1605:Moldova
1565:Ireland
1560:Iceland
1555:Hungary
1540:Germany
1535:Georgia
1525:Finland
1520:Estonia
1515:Denmark
1500:Croatia
1485:Belgium
1480:Belarus
1470:Austria
1465:Armenia
1460:Andorra
1455:Albania
1068:History
939:of the
696:RĂ©union
691:Mayotte
618:Corsica
579:Regions
311:Website
293: (
4074:Zambia
4064:Turkey
4029:Malawi
4004:Gambia
3994:Brazil
3984:Angola
3928:Uganda
3923:Tuvalu
3878:Sweden
3818:Serbia
3778:Rwanda
3773:Russia
3753:Poland
3728:Norway
3608:Latvia
3593:Kuwait
3588:Kosovo
3568:Jordan
3548:Israel
3513:Guyana
3503:Guinea
3488:Greece
3473:France
3358:Canada
3323:Bhutan
3313:Belize
3142:Castex
3117:Fillon
3102:Jospin
3077:Rocard
3072:Chirac
3067:Fabius
3062:Mauroy
3052:Chirac
2984:Mollet
2969:Laniel
2949:Pleven
2939:Pleven
2846:Darlan
2831:PĂ©tain
2813:PĂ©tain
2698:Briand
2683:Briand
2658:Briand
2628:Briand
2603:Briand
2583:Briand
2563:Combes
2543:MĂ©line
2508:Loubet
2498:Tirard
2483:Goblet
2403:Buffet
2398:Cissey
2370:Trochu
2317:Barrot
2279:Guizot
2269:Thiers
2254:Thiers
2234:GĂ©rard
2224:Perier
2056:Kosovo
2025:Turkey
2015:Sweden
1990:Serbia
1965:Poland
1960:Norway
1940:Monaco
1910:Latvia
1875:Greece
1860:France
1835:Cyprus
1726:Kosovo
1695:Turkey
1685:Sweden
1660:Serbia
1635:Poland
1630:Norway
1610:Monaco
1580:Latvia
1545:Greece
1530:France
1505:Cyprus
1305:17 May
1101:France
1093:French
1087:, the
793:Africa
760:Senate
498:Senate
303:Salary
227:France
148:Status
4024:Kenya
4009:Ghana
3989:Benin
3963:Yemen
3903:Tonga
3883:Syria
3868:Sudan
3858:Spain
3798:Samoa
3763:Qatar
3703:Nepal
3653:Malta
3623:Libya
3563:Japan
3553:Italy
3533:India
3518:Haiti
3478:Gabon
3438:Egypt
3268:Aruba
3152:Attal
3147:Borne
3127:Valls
3097:Juppé
3057:Barre
3027:Debré
2979:Faure
2964:Mayer
2959:Pinay
2954:Faure
2914:Marie
2876:Gouin
2851:Laval
2836:Laval
2778:Laval
2723:Laval
2718:Steeg
2633:Ribot
2618:Ribot
2588:Monis
2553:Dupuy
2533:Ribot
2528:Dupuy
2518:Dupuy
2513:Ribot
2468:Ferry
2443:Ferry
2413:Simon
2307:Arago
2274:Soult
2264:Soult
2239:Maret
2229:Soult
2010:Spain
1930:Malta
1900:Italy
1680:Spain
1600:Malta
1570:Italy
1436:Heads
1187:. IG.
458:Attal
223:Paris
127:Style
4019:Iran
3748:Peru
3718:Niue
3648:Mali
3603:Laos
3538:Iraq
3463:Fiji
3398:Cuba
3373:Chad
2886:Blum
2798:Blum
2788:Blum
2284:Molé
2259:Molé
1307:2012
1210:2024
1044:Role
919:The
803:Asia
442:LREM
432:list
417:LREM
407:list
218:Seat
320:.fr
316:www
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