852:
680:
805:
530:
623:
4323:
1088:
760:, stated "God help us from Satan. You are a rotten seed like the son of Noah, ... and the flood will engulf you like it engulfed him." In an interview on Saudi TV on 5 November 2001, Turki argued "The religious edicts issued by are the main evidence because they call for attacking American soldiers and civilians. Only those people devoid of feelings will still ask for evidence. ... Those who still call for evidence are closing their eyes to the facts and are searching for justification of acts."
738:
61:
375:
905:
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Iranian nuclear program, he believes that there should be a zone free of weapons of mass destruction. He also believes
Iranian actions have provoked worldwide opposition but at the same time suggests that Iran's nuclear program is being singled out. He believes Iran is pursuing an "explosive" path in nuclear enrichment. He stated if Iran was attacked Saudi Arabia would never grant Israeli flyover rights.
4179:
1044:
Prince Turki bin Faisal is a commissioner in the
International Commission on Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Disarmament. He is deputy chairman of Saudi General Authority for Civil Aviation (GACA). He is also vice president of general authority of civil aviation for international organizations and was
699:
King
Abdullah is reported to have preferred Bandar bin Sultan as the King's intermediary between Riyadh and Washington D.C. Turki's resignation may have been in protest. He abruptly resigned in early December 2006 after 15 months as an ambassador. His predecessor, Prince Bandar bin Sultan, worked in
687:
Prince Bandar's visits to the White House undermined Prince Turki and Prince Turki's goal of engaging in public diplomacy was weakened because of a shortage of money to fund the embassy and his public relations program. On the other hand, there were internal disputes over Saudi Arabia's Iraq policy,
505:
Turki claimed that in the months before the
September 11 attacks, his intelligence agency knew that something alarming was being planned: "In the summer of 2001, I took one of the warnings about something spectacular about to happen to the Americans, British, French, and Arabs. We didn't know where,
578:
In 2002, Prince Turki was named in a multibillion-dollar lawsuit by the families of 11 September victims, alleging that he and other Saudi princes, banks, and charities may have funded the terrorists involved in the attack. His involvement was also strongly implied in the
Michael Moore documentary
800:
On Iran, Prince Turki warned of its growing influence in
Lebanon as "foreign hands manipulating strings." Asked what he thought would be the consequences of an Israeli or U.S. attack on Iran's nuclear facilities, Prince Turki responded, "Calamitous ... cataclysmic, not just catastrophic." On the
614:
in 1998 in an attempt to have bin Laden extradited to Saudi Arabia, but the negotiations were unsuccessful. In a
November 2001 interview, Turki expressed support for the US operation in Afghanistan against the Taliban and al-Qaeda. In 2005, a US federal judge ruled that Saudi officials including
561:
In 1993, Turki helped mediate between warring factions in
Afghanistan. In early 1996, Sudan offered to extradite bin Laden to Saudi Arabia. Clinton called on Turki to bring bin Laden back to Saudi Arabia for a quick execution. Saudi Arabia denied the request and Osama left Sudan for Afghanistan.
666:
Prince Turki spent much of his time as ambassador to the United States traveling around the country, visiting 37 states. Turki advocated that the United States engage in direct talks with Iran but other high-ranking Saudi officials, including Turki's predecessor as ambassador, Prince Bandar bin
494:, and then, his successor as the head of Al Mukhabarat Al A'amah (General Intelligence Directorate), a position he held for 23 years—from 1979 until just 10 days before the September 11 attacks in 2001. He took part in organizing a military operation to remove the hostage-taking terrorists from
885:
editorial in
January 2009, he was critical of American foreign policy toward Palestinians and accused the U.S. of complicity in the deaths of Gazans. He opined that "neocon advisers, American conservatives and Zionist extremists promoted policies that harmed the peace process," describing both
618:
However, the allegations continue to dog Turki, with a court affidavit filed on 3 February 2015, claiming that
Zacarias Moussaoui served as a courier between bin Laden and Turki in the late 1990s, long after Turki claims to have broken off his relationship with bin Laden. The Saudi government
670:
He argued that the Palestinian-Israeli issue, not Iran, was more important for the United States and called on the Bush Administration to revive the peace process. He also argued that diplomacy with Iran was the best way to prevent problems. The Administration disliked his stance and made it
901:, Prince Turki claimed that it had given more than $ 500 million over the past five years. Ayalon apologized and shook hands with Prince Turki as a reconciliation measure. The crowd applauded. Turki clarified that this gesture did not signal any change in official policy towards Israel.
982:
Prince Turki claimed the documents "are a hodgepodge of selectivity, inaccuracy, agenda pursuit, and downright disinformation." He claimed if diplomats and leaders were not able to discuss matters that affect them through cables freely, the countries are "in trouble". He added that
995:
Around 2003, Prince Turki said that "reforming the Kingdom is not a choice, it is a necessity". In late March 2011, he argued that elections for membership to the Saudi Shoura Council (the national majlis) should be realized and warned of a "failure in the Kingdom's job market".
700:
the same post for 22 years. Prince Turki returned in January 2007 after the Hajj Pilgrimage to formally announce his departure. Some analysts claim he intentionally attracted attention. He said he wanted to spend time with family. His resignation was initially reported by
695:
to meet at short notice in Riyadh, Turki was not invited to attend – an unusual omission for Saudi summit meetings. In addition, Turki's brother Foreign Minister Prince Saud Al Faisal did not write the post-summit briefing for Turki; Bandar did.
753:
and a member of the Council of Senior Ulema after 9/11 attacks, arguing that "those responsible for affairs of state are the rulers," whereas religious scholars "only act in an advisory capacity." On 15 October 2001, Turki, writing in
1118:
In person, Prince Turki has been described as the antithesis of Bandar bin Sultan. Prince Turki has been described as cool-headed, soft-spoken, and avuncular. He is often portrayed as one of the most educated Saudi princes.
875:
and the Obama administration of pro-Israel bias and protecting Israel's nuclear program from international scrutiny. He called on U.S. President Barack Obama to support the two-state solution for Palestinians and Israelis.
1048:
He taught at Georgetown University School of Foreign Service. He is also a co-chair of the C100 Group, an affiliate of the World Economic Forum. C-100 Group encourages interfaith dialogue and cross-cultural understanding.
3708:
619:
continues to deny any involvement claiming that there is no evidence to support Moussaoui's allegations due to the fact that Moussaoui's own lawyers presented evidence of his mental incompetence during his trial.
715:
As chairman of King Faisal Center for Research and Islamic Studies, Prince Turki compared energy independence in American politics to baby-kissing. He stated that American politicians must be courageous against
965:
on 7 October 2023, Turki bin Faisal offered to Arab audiences a favorable analysis of the long-term goals that the attack supposedly achieved. He expressed these views in an interview to the Saudi TV channel
1103:, Saud, and Mudhi. His son Prince Abdulaziz won the second round of the Porsche Middle East Cup. His daughter Princess Noura is assistant to vice chairman of the board of trustees and general supervisor of
788:. He also called for a shift in U.S. strategy from the media theme against the Taliban to a more focused propaganda campaign against Al Qaeda. He voiced his urgency to the immediate resolution of the
2652:
792:
between Pakistan and Afghanistan. He seemed to want Afghan people to handle their own problems and believed that the U.S. would continue to experience resistance as long as it stayed in Afghanistan.
867:, which proposed normalizing relations in exchange for Israel's withdrawal to 1967 borders. He accused the Bush administration for undermining a Saudi-brokered power-sharing agreement between
4357:
519:
later reports: "The timing of Turki's removal—August 31—and his Taliban connection raise the question: Did the Saudi regime know that bin Laden was planning his attack against the US?"
4412:
4362:
3534:
813:
3347:
897:
because of Ayalon's "boorish" behavior toward the Turkish ambassador on Israeli television. In response to Ayalon's comment that Saudi Arabia had not "given a penny" to the
3712:
3017:
958:
with Jerusalem as its capital. He added that any Arab country that wants to follow the UAE's footsteps should demand a higher price for peace from Israel in the future.
2926:
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claimed he was flown out of the United States shortly after the terrorist attacks, but the claim disappeared from later versions of the article. Prince Turki described
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947:
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He visited many American universities and has lectured on the history of Saudi Arabia to improve relations between the West and Saudi Arabia. He also visited the
4417:
131:
3654:
2656:
4257:
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2864:
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Shortly after the passing of King Faisal, Prince Turki and his siblings established the King Faisal Foundation to invest in education in Saudi Arabia.
1140:
447:
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2568:
626:
Foreign Office Minister Alistair Burt meeting Prince Turki, Chairman, King Faisal Centre for Research and Islamic Studies in London, 15 March 2011.
4402:
3636:
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3135:
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3458:
2029:
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difficult for him to arrange visits to the White House. The White House preferred Bandar's more aggressive approach and welcomed Bandar instead.
3600:
1127:
Prince Turki has problems resulting from the carbon-monoxide poisoning suffered when staying in a camper van on a desert trip in the mid-1980s.
1036:, complained that the Prince and his entourage ejected members of the public from a city park and drove a limousine onto public playing fields.
3819:
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851:
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1029:
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with acts of terrorism by citing the resistance against the Soviets in the 1980s. He disapproved of the Obama Administration's shunning of
4015:
3789:
2063:
4158:
3221:
509:
Prince Turki's resignation was unexpected since his term had been extended on 24 May 2001 for another four years. He was replaced by
3970:
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2490:
2383:
4266:
4250:
4217:
3028:
1849:
962:
390:
340:
292:
75:
2957:"Visit by His Royal Highness Prince Turki Al Faisal, Chairman of King Faisal Centre for Research and Islamic Studies (KFCRIS)"
3262:
3241:
2934:
1016:
for example. The CIA is not necessarily the best measure of creditable intelligence reporting or intelligence assessment."
987:
poses a serious danger to all governments and called for meting out tough punishment for those responsible for the breach.
3898:
3053:
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1689:
1663:
1512:
1100:
1087:
804:
529:
239:
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4287:
4227:
3851:
3680:
3206:
2804:
971:
124:
4045:
1135:
Prince Turki is the recipient of the Crans Montana Forum medal. He also received an honorary doctorate in law from the
720:. He lauded his country's efforts in education and believes that Saudis can succeed only through education. He visited
3081:
2718:
1108:
1053:
909:
543:
414:
398:
358:
in which 14 Saudi nationals hijacked commercial American airliners. Prince Turki subsequently served as ambassador to
152:
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4322:
4312:
4307:
4243:
3140:
2899:
1343:
1144:
1096:
929:
890:
817:
351:
234:
3564:
Andrzej Kapiszewski (2006). "Saudi Arabia: Steps Toward Democratization or Reconfiguration of Authoritarianism?".
3322:
4297:
2373:
435:
410:
164:
2872:
3992:
1033:
961:
In the context of a broader shift of Saudi messaging about Palestine, after Israel's war on Gaza following the
523:
394:
1045:
elected as first vice president of the regional bureau of Asia-Pacific within airports council international.
954:(UAE), Prince Turki wrote that the price for normalizing relations with Israel is the creation of a sovereign
622:
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4121:
3192:
2776:
459:
4377:
3433:
1398:
935:
After attending the Munich Security Conference in January 2014, Faisal praised Israel's justice minister,
406:
378:
359:
344:
321:
282:
3166:"Saudi Prince Turki bin Faisal on WikiLeaks: 'People will No Longer Speak to American Diplomats Frankly'"
2323:
2217:
2904:
2189:
1013:
898:
864:
451:
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615:
Turki were immune from the lawsuit. Turki has severely criticized al-Qaeda, calling it an "evil cult."
2041:
354:, Saudi Arabia's intelligence agency, resigning the position on 1 September 2001, ten days before the
4352:
4292:
3611:
3226:
2434:
2071:
1136:
951:
917:
643:, from January 2003. He served as ambassador until 2005 and was well respected by British diplomats.
636:
510:
499:
463:
455:
439:
355:
843:
has become a sanctuary for extremists as refugees flee the conflict and into the Kingdom's borders.
558:
communists. His intelligence agency kept careful track of bin Laden from the beginning of his rise.
442:
from which he graduated in 1963. He graduated in the class of 1968 (alongside future U.S. President
3685:
2809:
2595:
The King's Messenger: Prince Bandar bin Sultan and America's Tangled Relationship With Saudi Arabia
1057:
1009:
750:
737:
587:
3165:
2956:
2836:
2510:
2409:
859:
Prince Turki was the Kingdom's leading critic of American foreign policy. Prince Turki criticized
855:
Prince Turki and Turkey's Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu at the Munich Security Conference, 2010
3581:
3507:
2995:
2743:
2624:
2439:
2194:
1069:
1065:
955:
704:, not by the royal court or official sources. Turki retired from public office in February 2007.
515:
3365:
2625:""I Believe I Can Beat President Obama;" "Slurpee Summit" Rescheduled; New House Leaders Chosen"
2248:
1024:
Prince Turki has been linked to several large fund transfers to former Malaysian Prime Minister
60:
3735:"Prince Turki Al-Faisal: Issue of Mideast Free of Nuclear Weapons Tops Agenda of ICNND Meeting"
3655:"Witness: US$ 670m entered Najib's AmPrivate account from Prince Faisal, Blackstone and Tanore"
4154:
4023:
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2599:
2593:
2536:
2469:
2169:
2159:
2108:
2102:
2076:
828:
777:
756:
652:
418:
226:
3348:"Saudi Arabia: Prince Turki Al Faisal backpedals after shaking hands with Israeli politician"
1095:
Prince Turki is married to Nouf bint Fahd bin Khalid Al Saud, with whom he has six children:
3573:
2987:
1104:
932:
and stated "the elephant in the room is Israel. Israel with a nuclear weapon is dangerous."
482:
After returning to the Kingdom, Turki was appointed an adviser in the Royal Court in 1973.
374:
3512:
2222:
1061:
1005:
904:
881:
551:
495:
423:
312:
3930:
3110:
2465:
Prelude to Terror: The Rogue CIA And The Legacy Of America's Private Intelligence Network
1155:
Prince Turki has published articles in various media outlets, including the one entitled
571:
magazine. In December 2004, Turki accepted substantial libel damages and an apology from
2978:
Rachel Bronson (2005). "Rethinking Religion: The Legacy of the US-Saudi Relationship".
2348:
660:
581:
176:
17:
2218:"The Desert Superstate A rich but vulnerable feudal monarchy hurtles into the jet age"
893:
in February 2010, he initially refused to sit next to Israeli Deputy Foreign Minister
659:. He served as ambassador to the United States from July 2005 until 11 December 2006.
4336:
4107:
3585:
2999:
2463:
2283:
2165:
1139:
in Northern Ireland in 2010 and an honorary doctorate in Middle Eastern studies from
780:
was not an acceptable candidate to Afghanistan's diverse ethnic groups – namely, the
656:
471:
363:
336:
272:
4108:"Saudi Arabia's Prince Turki Al-Faisal receives one of Afghanistan's highest honors"
3459:"الأمير تركي الفيصل يكشف عن موقف السعودية تجاه المساعي الأمريكية للتطبيع مع إسرائيل"
1111:
event, he mentioned he has grandchildren and they sometimes ask him questions about
393:. His mother was born to a Turkish mother and an Arab father. He is full-brother of
3847:
2495:
967:
943:
894:
773:
691:
Turki was angered by the fact that when his own king had asked then Vice President
443:
211:
3764:"Prince Turki bin Faisal elected Vice President of ACI&'s Asia-Pacific Region"
667:
Sultan, supported military action to halt Iran's alleged nuclear weapons program.
430:
Turki bin Faisal received his primary and some secondary education at a school in
4148:
688:
leading to tensions between Prince Turki and senior members of the royal family.
4277:
4209:
3878:
The House of Saud in Commerce: a Study of Royal Entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia
3170:
1025:
936:
925:
789:
692:
611:
567:
555:
491:
112:
96:
33:
1028:, who is on trial in Malaysia for various offences in the multi-billion dollar
3484:
2132:
708:
King Faisal Foundation and King Faisal Center for Research and Islamic Studies
547:
4082:"Prince Turki al-Faisal of Saudi Arabia awarded Honorary Doctorate from SISU"
3577:
2991:
522:
After King Fahd's stroke in 1995, Prince Turki had a minor disagreement with
4056:
2378:
984:
717:
100:
4178:
4194:
3947:
3824:
3407:"Saudi Price for Ties With Israel Is Palestinian State, Says Saudi Royal"
2653:"A Conversation with Prince Turki Al Faisal Council on Foreign Relations"
1284:
1012:, saying that "The CIA has been proved wrong before. Just to mention the
781:
427:
magazine reported that Prince Turki was the favorite son of Queen Iffat.
2569:"A Nation Challenged: Arab Ally; Saudis Feeling Pain of Supporting U.S."
554:
in early 1990 when Osama bin Laden was interested in aiding against the
339:
and former government official who served as the head of Saudi Arabia's
3852:"Saudi Arabia reveals plans to be powered entirely by renewable energy"
2491:"My son, Osama: the al-Qaida leader's mother speaks for the first time"
2037:
640:
607:
267:
42:
37:
4198:
860:
821:
785:
746:
603:
467:
3790:"HRH Prince Turki bin Faisal Al Saud to speak at the Maxwell School"
939:, and said he understood why she was chosen as Israel's negotiator.
2107:. Indianapolis, IN: University of Indianapolis Press. p. 193.
598:
Prince Turki maintains that he had no contact with bin Laden since
434:
built by his parents. When he was fourteen, his father sent him to
1112:
1086:
921:
903:
872:
868:
850:
840:
816:
a serious concern and condemned the United States for keeping the
803:
769:
736:
721:
678:
621:
528:
386:
373:
207:
2064:"Seminar: A Saudi National Security Doctrine for the New Decade"
599:
513:
in the post who had "no background in intelligence whatsoever."
490:
Prince Turki began his political career as deputy to his uncle,
431:
4239:
827:
In 2016 Prince Turki expressed support for the dissident group
651:
In July 2005, it was announced that Prince Turki would succeed
575:
over claims he himself was linked to the 11 September attacks.
3637:"Saudi Prince Slams CIA Assessment Report on Khashoggi Murder"
2629:
1079:
Prince Turki acted as one of the top speakers of the Kingdom.
389:. He is the seventh child and youngest son of King Faisal and
1091:
Prince Turki with his brother Prince Saud in the early 1960s.
350:
From 1979 to 2001, Prince Turki was the director general of
2927:"Confronting Tremendous Challenges: Prince Turki al-Faisal"
2740:
Seton Hall Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations
606:
in August 1990. He claims to have secretly negotiated with
565:
A continued connection to bin Laden was falsely claimed by
533:
Prince Turki at the 50th Munich Security Conference in 2014
3971:"Saudi Arabia's influential ambassador to U.S. steps down"
912:
after delivering a brief lecture on Saudi Arabian history.
886:
Democrats and Republicans as strong supporters of Israel.
3046:"Prince Turki: Resistance to Soviet occupation was jihad"
2161:
The Bin Ladens: An Arabian Family in the American Century
486:
Director of Saudi Arabia General Intelligence Directorate
3948:"USF Welcomes His Royal Highness Prince Turki Al Faisal"
3391:
Saudi Prince praises Livni at Munich Security conference
3207:
Iran negotiations force Middle East to rethink alliances
1260:
17. Sara bint Mishari bin Abdulrahman bin Hassan Al Saud
942:
On 21 August 2020, in an apparent response to President
3222:"We in the Muslim world stand with you, heart and soul"
2865:"Saudi Arabia – United States – Prince Turki Al Faisal"
258:
Turki bin Faisal bin Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud
3257:
3255:
2805:"Saudi Ambassador Abruptly Resigns, Leaves Washington"
808:
Prince Turki speaking at the 2011 World Economic Forum
2798:
2796:
2794:
2410:"Foreign Policy: A Prince's Mysterious Disappearance"
1008:'s murder was ordered directly by Saudi Crown Prince
4267:
Presidents of Saudi General Intelligence Directorate
3820:"Ex-Saudi envoy presses Washington on peace process"
3535:"Deal firmly with source of WikiLeaks cables: Turki"
2030:"Embassy official: Saudi ambassador to U.S. resigns"
1319:
18. Ahmed Al Kabir bin Mohammed bin Turki Al Sudairi
326:
3434:"Is Saudi-Israel normalization still on the table?"
288:
278:
266:
252:
225:
217:
191:
186:
170:
158:
148:
130:
118:
106:
92:
74:
51:
3541:. Manama. Reuters. 7 December 2010. Archived from
3289:
2249:"Transcript of Prince Turki's speech at Princeton"
2243:
2241:
663:succeeded him as ambassador to the United States.
2826:"U.S. Policy in the Quicksand of the Middle East"
1159:dated 2013. He is the author of a book entitled
4358:Ambassadors of Saudi Arabia to the United States
2305:The Looming Tower: Al-Qaeda and the Road to 9/11
2278:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2270:
946:, who said he expected Saudi Arabia to join the
2676:
2674:
2598:. New York: Walker & Company. p. 251.
2349:"19th Annual Arab-U.S. Policymakers Conference"
2324:"Prince Turki bin Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud"
27:Saudi royal and government official (born 1945)
3709:"Prince Turki Al Faisal Bin Abdulaziz Al Saud"
3608:Center for Strategic and International Studies
3263:"Prominent Saudi royal blasts Obama on Israel"
3242:"Saudi prince says Yemen is a security threat"
2682:"New allegations of Saudi involvement in 9/11"
2587:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2190:"Saudi Arabia mourns passing away of princess"
1004:Prince Turki dismissed the CIA's finding that
506:but we knew that something was being brewed."
4251:
4153:. Isle of Wight, UK: Arabian Publishing Ltd.
3193:Gulf States fear losing power after Iran deal
3160:
3158:
550:fighters in Afghanistan. Turki last met with
385:Prince Turki was born on 15 February 1945 in
343:from 1979 to 2001. He is the chairman of the
132:Saudi Arabian Ambassador to the United States
8:
4413:Recipients of the Ghazi Mir Bacha Khan Medal
4363:Center for Contemporary Arab Studies faculty
3105:
3103:
2374:"In-Depth Study of King Faisal's Life Urged"
1374:19. Hessa bint Muhanna bin Saleh Al Nuwairan
749:Abdullah Al Turki, secretary-general of the
347:'s Center for Research and Islamic Studies.
3758:
3756:
3111:"'No relations with Israel until return to"
3011:
3009:
438:to complete his secondary education at the
76:Director General of Al Mukhabarat Al A'amah
4258:
4244:
4236:
4203:
3485:"سياسة المملكة 2023 مع الأمير تركي الفيصل"
2859:
2857:
2717:Arnaud de Borchgrave. (27 December 2006).
2619:
2617:
2615:
2403:
2401:
1180:
1171:
1074:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
59:
48:
3075:
3073:
3071:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2703:
1141:Shanghai International Studies University
635:Prince Turki was appointed ambassador to
448:Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service
3291:"Saudi Arabia's patience is running out"
1437:20. Abdulateef bin Abdulrahman Al Sheikh
498:(the Sacred Mosque) in Mecca during the
4393:Saudi Arabian people of Turkish descent
3432:Abdullah F. Alrebh (22 December 2023).
2824:Karim Douglas Crow (20 December 2006).
2317:
2315:
2313:
2299:
2297:
2021:
526:who did not want to be briefed by him.
4408:Walsh School of Foreign Service alumni
4348:21st-century Saudi Arabian politicians
4343:20th-century Saudi Arabian politicians
3929:. Ghalnaa Publications. Archived from
3880:. New Delhi: I.S. Publications. Print.
3599:Anthony H. Cordesman (21 April 2011).
3323:"Prince Turki warns of neo-con agenda"
2567:Patrick E. Tyler (24 September 2001).
1869:
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1635:
1625:
1528:
1418:
1414:
1402:
1300:
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1189:
1185:
249:
3794:Maxwell School of Syracuse University
3601:"Saudi stability in a time of change"
3302:from the original on 11 December 2022
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2124:
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1460:10. Abdullah bin Abdulateef Al Sheikh
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1304:
1288:
1282:
1272:
1259:
1249:
1245:
1233:
1227:
1217:
1204:Faisal bin Turki bin Abdullah Al Saud
1201:
1197:
7:
4418:21st-century Saudi Arabian diplomats
4368:Directors of Al Mukhabarat Al A'amah
4014:Simon Henderson (16 December 2006).
3991:. Saudi-US relations. Archived from
3969:Jonathan Curiel (10 December 2006).
3681:"Residents Claim Royalty Abuse Park"
3566:Journal of Asian and African Studies
3321:Barbara Ferguson (5 November 2010).
2537:"Prince Nawaf bin Abdulaziz Al Saud"
1569:11. Haya bint Abdul Rahman Al Muqbel
1072:. In November 2010, he spoke at the
1030:1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal
454:. Turki also did further studies at
3288:Turki Al Faisal (23 January 2009).
2933:. 21 September 2012. Archived from
2408:Simon Henderson (22 October 2010).
316:
3897:. 16 November 2010. Archived from
3506:Mohammed Basma (6 December 2010).
3080:Turki Al Faisal (9 October 2009).
3016:Robert S. Dudney (December 2001).
25:
3739:Saudi Ministry of Foreign Affairs
3508:"Cyber security 'a top priority'"
3018:"Verbatim Special: War on Terror"
2803:Robin Wright (12 December 2006).
2284:"Profile: Prince Turki Al Faisal"
924:in January 2011, he called for a
768:Prince Turki criticized equating
745:Prince Turki directly challenged
221:Nouf bint Fahd bin Khalid Al Saud
4321:
4177:
4147:Turki Al Faisal Al Saud (2021).
3136:"Commentary: Turki talks Turkey"
2733:"A Dialogue Among Civilizations"
2303:Lawrence Wright. (August 2006).
1742:6. Mohammad bin Abdullah Al Saud
1000:Assassination of Jamal Khashoggi
631:Ambassador to the United Kingdom
4218:General Intelligence Presidency
3610:. pp. 1–29. Archived from
2721:UPI, Retrieved 29 December 2006
2489:Martin Chulov (2 August 2018).
1850:Iffat bint Mohammad Al Thunayan
1230:Abdul Rahman bin Faisal Al Saud
970:, which is funded by the state
647:Ambassador to the United States
595:as "grossly unfair" to Saudis.
544:Pakistan's intelligence service
391:Iffat bint Mohammad Al Thunayan
341:General Intelligence Presidency
293:Iffat bint Mohammad Al Thunayan
4403:Sons of Faisal of Saudi Arabia
4184:Prince Turki Al Faisal Al Saud
3923:Saudi women. Towards A New Era
3082:"A To-Do List for Afghanistan"
2775:. 28 June 2015. Archived from
1107:and Dar Al Hanan School. At a
820:away from the negotiations in
335:, born 15 February 1945) is a
1:
3465:(in Arabic). 31 December 2023
2382:. 11 May 2008. Archived from
2104:Saudi Arabia: A Modern Reader
1690:Abdullah bin Abdullah Al Saud
1664:Abdullah bin Thunayan Al Saud
1513:Tarfa bint Abdullah Al Sheikh
1032:. In the 1990s, residents of
4398:Anti-Zionism in Saudi Arabia
4293:Muqrin bin Abdulaziz Al Saud
4288:Nawwaf bin Abdulaziz Al Saud
4228:Nawwaf bin Abdulaziz Al Saud
2468:. Basic Books. p. 238.
1175:Ancestors of Turki Al-Faisal
972:Saudi Broadcasting Authority
538:Osama bin Laden and Al Qaeda
125:Nawwaf bin Abdulaziz Al Saud
4388:Princeton University alumni
4373:Lawrenceville School alumni
4122:"How to End Syria's Horror"
3975:The San Francisco Chronicle
1109:University of South Florida
1054:University of South Florida
910:University of South Florida
655:as Saudi ambassador to the
546:and the CIA in funding the
327:
4434:
4313:Khalid bin Ali Al Humaidan
4308:Youssef bin Ali Al Idrissi
4190:Veto a State, Lose an Ally
3141:United Press International
2900:London School of Economics
2773:London School of Economics
2226:. No. 21. 22 May 1978
2101:Winberg Chai, ed. (2005).
1867:
1859:
1750:
1641:
1637:
1522:
1416:
1408:
1344:Sara bint Ahmed Al Sudairi
1294:
1191:
1187:
1145:Ghazi Mir Bacha Khan Medal
891:Munich Security Conference
818:Government of Saudi Arabia
637:the Court of Saint James's
542:Saudi intelligence joined
31:
4319:
4303:Khalid bin Bandar Al Saud
4298:Bandar bin Sultan Al Saud
4273:
4224:
4214:
4206:
3989:"International Relations"
3413:. Reuters. 21 August 2020
3366:"Nuclear Debate in Davos"
2719:Analysis: Arabian Medicis
2462:Joseph J. Trento (2006).
1943:
1925:
1917:
1893:
1875:
1871:
1831:
1813:
1805:
1780:
1762:
1758:
1725:
1707:
1699:
1671:
1649:
1645:
1603:
1585:
1577:
1552:
1534:
1530:
1494:
1476:
1468:
1443:
1424:
1420:
1380:
1361:
1353:
1325:
1306:
1302:
1266:
1247:
1239:
1211:
1195:
1157:How to End Syria's Horror
1143:(SISU) in China in 2015.
839:Prince Turki stated that
466:where he took courses in
436:Lawrenceville, New Jersey
328:Turkī ibn Fayṣal Āl Su'ūd
302:
298:
257:
248:
182:
165:Bandar bin Sultan Al Saud
137:
81:
70:
58:
4283:Turki bin Faisal Al Saud
4020:The Washington Institute
3578:10.1177/0021909606067407
2992:10.1162/0163660054798672
2980:The Washington Quarterly
2959:. IDSA. 15 December 2011
2895:"Prince Turki Al Faisal"
2769:"Prince Turki Al-Faisal"
2731:Turki Al Faisal (2003).
2592:David B Ottaway (2010).
1622:Turki bin Faisal Al Saud
1034:Cambridge, Massachusetts
908:Prince Turki leaves the
814:Geneva interim agreement
683:Prince Turki at MSC 2014
370:Early life and education
360:the Court of St. James's
309:Turki bin Faisal Al Saud
3876:Sharaf Sabri. (2001).
3027:: 40–48. Archived from
2742:: 87–92. Archived from
2511:"2001 Public Statement"
2435:"Prince Turki's resume"
2131:Rania Suleiman Salama.
974:, on 31 December 2023.
950:between Israel and the
407:Abdul Rahman bin Faisal
352:Al Mukhabarat Al 'Ammah
18:Prince Turki bin Faisal
3950:. USF. 28 October 2010
3711:. IISS. Archived from
2040:. 2006. Archived from
1399:Faisal of Saudi Arabia
1092:
913:
863:for not accepting the
856:
809:
742:
684:
627:
534:
401:, Latifa bint Faisal,
382:
345:King Faisal Foundation
3920:Samar Fatany (2007).
3438:Middle East Institute
2655:. CFR. Archived from
2133:"الأميرة عفت الثنيان"
1090:
907:
899:Palestinian Authority
865:Arab Peace Initiative
854:
807:
740:
682:
625:
585:. A reporter for the
532:
452:Georgetown University
377:
331:;, commonly known as
4186:at Wikimedia Commons
4150:The Afghanistan File
4046:"List of recipients"
3267:The Washington Times
3227:The Washington Times
3034:on 20 November 2012.
2072:University of Oxford
1161:The Afghanistan File
1137:University of Ulster
952:United Arab Emirates
918:World Economic Forum
847:Israel and Palestine
741:Prince Turki in 2010
612:Mullah Mohammad Omar
511:Nawaf bin Abdul Aziz
500:Grand Mosque Seizure
464:University of London
440:Lawrenceville School
356:September 11 attacks
317:تركي بن فيصل آل سعود
65:Prince Turki in 2014
4053:Crans Montana Forum
3995:on 28 February 2013
3936:on 2 November 2012.
3850:(19 October 2012).
3686:The Harvard Crimson
3643:. 24 November 2018.
3248:. 20 November 2010.
3086:The Washington Post
2842:on 11 February 2014
2810:The Washington Post
2158:Steve Coll (2008).
2044:on 20 December 2006
1058:Syracuse University
1010:Mohammed bin Salman
751:World Muslim League
702:The Washington Post
588:Baltimore Chronicle
415:Luluwah bint Faisal
399:Mohammed bin Faisal
4128:. 12 November 2013
4026:on 14 October 2007
3741:. 16 February 2009
3210:Al Jazeera America
3174:. 29 November 2010
3115:The Jerusalem Post
3025:Air Force Magazine
2907:on 2 February 2014
2869:Saudi US Relations
2633:. 17 November 2010
2572:The New York Times
2440:The New York Times
2198:. 12 February 2000
2195:Kuwait News Agency
2082:on 29 January 2012
1099:, Mashael, Noura,
1093:
1070:Harvard University
1066:Cornell University
914:
857:
810:
743:
728:Views and opinions
724:in December 2011.
685:
639:in London, and to
628:
535:
516:The New York Times
502:in November 1979.
383:
4383:People from Mecca
4330:
4329:
4234:
4233:
4225:Succeeded by
4182:Media related to
4110:. 8 October 2019.
4062:on 3 January 2014
3828:. 4 November 2010
3689:. 22 October 1990
3372:. 28 January 2011
3352:Los Angeles Times
3269:. 23 October 2010
2833:IDSS Commentaries
2688:. 4 February 2015
2659:on 29 August 2010
2605:978-0-8027-7764-5
2475:978-0-7867-3881-6
2255:. 7 December 2006
2175:978-1-101-20272-2
2137:Arabiyat Magazine
2114:978-0-88093-859-4
2012:
2011:
2008:
2007:
1797:13. Tazeruh Hanım
1040:Various positions
956:Palestinian state
829:Mojahedin-e-Khalq
778:Abdullah Abdullah
653:Bandar bin Sultan
419:Haifa bint Faisal
411:Bandar bin Faisal
381:, father of Turki
325:
306:
305:
262:
261:
16:(Redirected from
4425:
4325:
4260:
4253:
4246:
4237:
4207:Preceded by
4204:
4181:
4165:
4164:
4144:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4133:
4126:The Moscow Times
4118:
4112:
4111:
4104:
4098:
4097:
4095:
4093:
4084:. Archived from
4078:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4067:
4061:
4055:. Archived from
4050:
4042:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4031:
4022:. Archived from
4011:
4005:
4004:
4002:
4000:
3985:
3979:
3978:
3966:
3960:
3959:
3957:
3955:
3944:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3928:
3917:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3906:
3901:on 30 March 2012
3891:"Abdulaziz wins"
3887:
3881:
3874:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3863:
3858:. Rio de Janeiro
3844:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3816:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3805:
3796:. Archived from
3786:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3775:
3760:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3746:
3731:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3720:
3715:on 13 March 2013
3705:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3694:
3677:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3666:
3651:
3645:
3644:
3633:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3622:
3616:
3605:
3596:
3590:
3589:
3572:(5–6): 459–482.
3561:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3550:
3531:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3520:
3503:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3492:
3481:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3470:
3455:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3444:
3429:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3418:
3403:
3397:
3388:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3362:
3356:
3355:
3344:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3333:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3307:
3293:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3259:
3250:
3249:
3238:
3232:
3231:
3218:
3212:
3204:
3198:
3190:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3162:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3148:
3132:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3107:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3077:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3056:on 30 March 2012
3052:. Archived from
3042:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3022:
3013:
3004:
3003:
2975:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2953:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2942:
2923:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2912:
2903:. Archived from
2891:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2875:on 28 April 2010
2871:. Archived from
2861:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2841:
2835:. Archived from
2830:
2821:
2815:
2814:
2800:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2765:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2748:
2737:
2728:
2722:
2715:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2678:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2649:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2621:
2610:
2609:
2589:
2576:
2575:
2564:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2507:
2501:
2500:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2431:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2405:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2370:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2319:
2308:
2301:
2292:
2291:
2280:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2245:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2128:
2119:
2118:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2081:
2075:. Archived from
2068:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2026:
1181:
1172:
1105:Effat University
1014:invasion of Iraq
991:Domestic affairs
963:Hamas-led attack
395:Sara bint Faisal
330:
320:
318:
250:
240:Prince Abdulaziz
205:
202:15 February 1945
201:
199:
187:Personal details
173:
161:
142:
121:
109:
86:
63:
49:
21:
4433:
4432:
4428:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4423:
4422:
4333:
4332:
4331:
4326:
4317:
4269:
4264:
4230:
4221:
4212:
4174:
4169:
4168:
4161:
4146:
4145:
4141:
4131:
4129:
4120:
4119:
4115:
4106:
4105:
4101:
4091:
4089:
4088:on 4 March 2016
4080:
4079:
4075:
4065:
4063:
4059:
4048:
4044:
4043:
4039:
4029:
4027:
4016:"Talking Turki"
4013:
4012:
4008:
3998:
3996:
3987:
3986:
3982:
3968:
3967:
3963:
3953:
3951:
3946:
3945:
3941:
3933:
3926:
3919:
3918:
3914:
3904:
3902:
3889:
3888:
3884:
3875:
3871:
3861:
3859:
3846:
3845:
3841:
3831:
3829:
3818:
3817:
3813:
3803:
3801:
3800:on 5 March 2012
3788:
3787:
3783:
3773:
3771:
3762:
3761:
3754:
3744:
3742:
3733:
3732:
3728:
3718:
3716:
3707:
3706:
3702:
3692:
3690:
3679:
3678:
3674:
3664:
3662:
3653:
3652:
3648:
3635:
3634:
3630:
3620:
3618:
3614:
3603:
3598:
3597:
3593:
3563:
3562:
3558:
3548:
3546:
3533:
3532:
3528:
3518:
3516:
3513:Gulf Daily News
3505:
3504:
3500:
3490:
3488:
3483:
3482:
3478:
3468:
3466:
3457:
3456:
3452:
3442:
3440:
3431:
3430:
3426:
3416:
3414:
3405:
3404:
3400:
3389:
3385:
3375:
3373:
3364:
3363:
3359:
3346:
3345:
3341:
3331:
3329:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3305:
3303:
3296:Financial Times
3287:
3286:
3282:
3272:
3270:
3261:
3260:
3253:
3240:
3239:
3235:
3230:. 13 July 2016.
3220:
3219:
3215:
3205:
3201:
3191:
3187:
3177:
3175:
3164:
3163:
3156:
3146:
3144:
3134:
3133:
3129:
3119:
3117:
3109:
3108:
3101:
3091:
3089:
3079:
3078:
3069:
3059:
3057:
3044:
3043:
3039:
3031:
3020:
3015:
3014:
3007:
2977:
2976:
2972:
2962:
2960:
2955:
2954:
2950:
2940:
2938:
2937:on 10 July 2013
2925:
2924:
2920:
2910:
2908:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2878:
2876:
2863:
2862:
2855:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2828:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2802:
2801:
2792:
2782:
2780:
2767:
2766:
2762:
2752:
2750:
2749:on 15 June 2013
2746:
2735:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2716:
2701:
2691:
2689:
2680:
2679:
2672:
2662:
2660:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2636:
2634:
2623:
2622:
2613:
2606:
2591:
2590:
2579:
2566:
2565:
2561:
2555:
2545:
2543:
2541:Global Security
2535:
2534:
2530:
2520:
2518:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2488:
2487:
2483:
2476:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2446:
2444:
2443:. 2 August 2005
2433:
2432:
2428:
2418:
2416:
2407:
2406:
2399:
2389:
2387:
2386:on 16 June 2012
2372:
2371:
2367:
2357:
2355:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2332:
2330:
2328:Global Security
2321:
2320:
2311:
2302:
2295:
2290:. 20 July 2005.
2282:
2281:
2268:
2258:
2256:
2247:
2246:
2239:
2229:
2227:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2201:
2199:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2176:
2168:. p. 163.
2157:
2156:
2152:
2142:
2140:
2130:
2129:
2122:
2115:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2066:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2047:
2045:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2018:
2013:
1169:
1153:
1133:
1125:
1085:
1062:Rice University
1042:
1022:
1006:Jamal Khashoggi
1002:
993:
980:
948:peace agreement
882:Financial Times
849:
837:
798:
766:
757:Alsharq Alawsat
735:
730:
710:
677:
649:
633:
602:'s invasion of
552:Osama bin Laden
540:
524:Prince Abdullah
496:Masjid al-Haram
488:
480:
403:Saud bin Faisal
372:
333:Turki Al-Faisal
244:
206:
203:
197:
195:
171:
159:
143:
138:
119:
107:
99:
87:
82:
66:
54:
53:Turki Al-Faisal
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4431:
4429:
4421:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4335:
4334:
4328:
4327:
4320:
4318:
4316:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4274:
4271:
4270:
4265:
4263:
4262:
4255:
4248:
4240:
4232:
4231:
4226:
4223:
4213:
4208:
4202:
4201:
4192:
4187:
4173:
4172:External links
4170:
4167:
4166:
4160:978-0992980887
4159:
4139:
4113:
4099:
4073:
4037:
4006:
3980:
3961:
3939:
3912:
3882:
3869:
3839:
3811:
3781:
3752:
3726:
3700:
3672:
3661:. 16 June 2022
3646:
3628:
3617:on 11 May 2011
3591:
3556:
3545:on 8 June 2013
3526:
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3395:Jerusalem Post
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2986:(4): 119–137.
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2779:on 8 July 2015
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1190:
1188:
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1177:
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1152:
1149:
1147:(Afghanistan)
1132:
1129:
1124:
1121:
1084:
1081:
1041:
1038:
1021:
1018:
1001:
998:
992:
989:
979:
976:
848:
845:
836:
833:
812:He called the
797:
794:
765:
762:
734:
731:
729:
726:
709:
706:
676:
673:
661:Adel al-Jubeir
648:
645:
632:
629:
593:Fahrenheit 911
582:Fahrenheit 911
539:
536:
487:
484:
479:
476:
421:. In May 1978
371:
368:
304:
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177:Adel Al Jubeir
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3:
2:
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4378:Living people
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4364:
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4017:
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4007:
3994:
3990:
3984:
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3972:
3965:
3962:
3949:
3943:
3940:
3932:
3925:
3924:
3916:
3913:
3900:
3896:
3895:Saudi Gazette
3892:
3886:
3883:
3879:
3873:
3870:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3848:Harvey, Fiona
3843:
3840:
3827:
3826:
3821:
3815:
3812:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3785:
3782:
3770:. 18 May 2010
3769:
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3159:
3155:
3143:
3142:
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3116:
3112:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3087:
3083:
3076:
3074:
3072:
3068:
3055:
3051:
3050:Saudi Gazette
3047:
3041:
3038:
3030:
3026:
3019:
3012:
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3006:
3001:
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2993:
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2799:
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2791:
2778:
2774:
2770:
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2714:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2700:
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2677:
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2654:
2648:
2645:
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2607:
2601:
2597:
2596:
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2570:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2542:
2538:
2532:
2529:
2517:. 24 May 2001
2516:
2515:Saudi Embassy
2512:
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2254:
2253:Saudi Embassy
2250:
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2224:
2219:
2213:
2210:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2185:
2182:
2177:
2171:
2167:
2166:Penguin Group
2163:
2162:
2154:
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2134:
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2110:
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2022:
2015:
2004:
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1138:
1130:
1128:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1089:
1083:Personal life
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
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1039:
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986:
977:
975:
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964:
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931:
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919:
911:
906:
902:
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896:
892:
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883:
877:
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866:
862:
853:
846:
844:
842:
834:
832:
830:
825:
823:
819:
815:
806:
802:
795:
793:
791:
787:
783:
779:
776:and believed
775:
771:
763:
761:
759:
758:
752:
748:
739:
732:
727:
725:
723:
719:
713:
707:
705:
703:
697:
694:
689:
681:
674:
672:
668:
664:
662:
658:
657:United States
654:
646:
644:
642:
638:
630:
624:
620:
616:
613:
609:
605:
601:
596:
594:
590:
589:
584:
583:
576:
574:
570:
569:
563:
559:
557:
553:
549:
545:
537:
531:
527:
525:
520:
518:
517:
512:
507:
503:
501:
497:
493:
485:
483:
477:
475:
473:
472:jurisprudence
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
428:
426:
425:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
380:
376:
369:
367:
365:
364:United States
361:
357:
353:
348:
346:
342:
338:
334:
329:
323:
314:
310:
301:
297:
294:
291:
287:
284:
281:
277:
274:
271:
269:
265:
256:
251:
247:
241:
238:
236:
235:Prince Faisal
233:
232:
230:
228:
224:
220:
216:
213:
209:
204:(age 79)
194:
190:
185:
181:
178:
175:
169:
166:
163:
157:
154:
153:King Abdullah
151:
147:
141:
136:
133:
129:
126:
123:
117:
114:
111:
105:
102:
98:
95:
91:
85:
80:
77:
73:
69:
62:
57:
50:
45:
44:
39:
35:
30:
19:
4282:
4216:Director of
4215:
4149:
4142:
4130:. Retrieved
4125:
4116:
4102:
4090:. Retrieved
4086:the original
4076:
4064:. Retrieved
4057:the original
4052:
4040:
4028:. Retrieved
4024:the original
4019:
4009:
3997:. Retrieved
3993:the original
3983:
3974:
3964:
3952:. Retrieved
3942:
3931:the original
3922:
3915:
3903:. Retrieved
3899:the original
3894:
3885:
3877:
3872:
3860:. Retrieved
3856:The Guardian
3855:
3842:
3830:. Retrieved
3823:
3814:
3802:. Retrieved
3798:the original
3793:
3784:
3772:. Retrieved
3767:
3743:. Retrieved
3738:
3729:
3717:. Retrieved
3713:the original
3703:
3691:. Retrieved
3684:
3675:
3663:. Retrieved
3658:
3649:
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3092:26 February
2637:11 February
2447:26 February
2322:John Pike.
2139:(in Arabic)
2048:12 December
1026:Najib Razak
1020:Controversy
937:Tzipi Livni
926:Middle East
790:Durand Line
764:Afghanistan
718:demagoguery
693:Dick Cheney
675:Resignation
573:Paris Match
568:Paris Match
556:South Yemen
492:Kamal Adham
468:Islamic law
379:King Faisal
283:King Faisal
160:Preceded by
113:Kamal Adham
108:Preceded by
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4222:1979–2001
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2911:22 January
2692:4 February
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2379:Arab News
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978:Wikileaks
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456:Princeton
322:romanized
144:2005–2007
140:In office
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2941:14 April
2753:23 April
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1167:Ancestry
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