40:
63:
372:
to their subjects, particularly after the abolition of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806. Although lacking the prestige and powers of the former
Imperial counts, they remained legal members of the local nobility, entitled to whatever minor privileges were recognised at the ruler's court. The title,
1682:); the deputy of a count charged with exercising the count's prerogatives in overseeing one or more of the count's strongholds or fiefs, as the burgrave dwelt usually in a castle or fortified town. Some became hereditary and by the modern era obtained rank just below a count, though above a
1714:, and Altgrave are not generic titles. Rather, each is linked to a specific countship, whose unique title emerged during the course of its history. These unusually named countships were equivalent in rank to other Counts of the Empire who were of
1367:), a border province. In medieval times the borders of the Holy Roman Empire were especially vulnerable to foreign attack, so the hereditary count of these "marches" of the realm was sometimes granted greater authority than other
404:
of the original titleholder, the males also inheriting an approximately equal share of the family's wealth and estates. Usually a hyphenated suffix indicated which of the familial lands a particular line of counts held, e.g.
365:
with few legal privileges beyond land ownership, although comital estates in German-speaking lands were often substantial. Nonetheless, various rulers in German-speaking lands granted the hereditary title of
2000:, and the nobiliary particle if any. Today, having lost their legal status, these terms are often not translated, unlike before 1919. The titles do, however, retain prestige in some circles of society.
599:
Some are approximately of comital rank, some higher, some lower. The more important ones are treated in separate articles (follow the links); a few minor, rarer ones only in sections below.
253:
is common to various
European territories where German was or is the official or vernacular tongue, including Austria, Germany, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, Alsace, the
326:
process of 1815, preserving their precedence, allocating familial representation in local legislatures, some jurisdictional immunities and the prestigious privilege of
586:, the elevated person recognition by the German Emperor in the same dignity of the Holy Roman Empire was required. Subsequently, the latter ceased to be obligatory.
1631:
Over time the office and domain to which it was attached tended to become hereditary by
Imperial grant or retention over generations by members of the same family.
2323:
2246:
1447:
who were subject to the Holy Roman
Emperor but exercised sovereign authority within their lands and independence greater than the prerogatives to which a simple
2300:
120:
The German nobility was gradually divided into high and low nobility. The high nobility included those counts who ruled immediate imperial territories of "
1371:
to ensure security. They bore the title "margrave" until the few who survived as sovereigns assumed higher titles when the Empire was abolished in 1806.
1177:
to subjects and foreigners who did not possess and were not granted immediate territories — or, sometimes, any territory at all. Such titles were purely
2199:
2221:
267:, like any other hereditary title, is treated as part of the legal surname. In Austria, its use is banned by law, as with all hereditary titles and
524:. Only the more important of these titles, historically associated with degrees of sovereignty, remained in use by the 19th century, specifically
1439:
was a nobleman of comital rank in feudal
Germany whose jurisdiction stretched over a territory larger than usually held by a count within the
2106:
1330:
1396:
1387:. Since the abolition of the German Empire at the end of World War I, the heirs of some of its former monarchies have resumed use of
2353:
1866:
1723:
1108:
125:
2278:
275:, the title is not acknowledged in law. In the monarchies of Belgium, Liechtenstein and Luxembourg, where German is one of the
2338:
1898:
to distinguish themselves from the Wild- and
Rhinegraves of Upper Salm, since Lower Salm was the senior branch of the family.
2053:
1410:
1552:
who was recognised by the Holy Roman
Emperor as bearing the higher rank or exercising the more extensive authority of an
786:. Originally ruled "with the authority of the Imperial Palace"; later, ruler of the "Palace-land", i.e., the Palatinate.
2358:
2243:
2229:
2207:
506:
could and did recognise unique concessions of authority or rank to some of these nobles, raising them to the status of
2234:
4th edition. Volume 13, Verlag des
Bibliographischen Instituts, Leipzig/Vienna 1885–1892, p. 0605.
2212:
4th edition. Volume 13, Verlag des
Bibliographischen Instituts, Leipzig/Vienna 1885–1892, p. 0780.
1521:
143:
571:
1569:
1364:
567:
1988:, and might or might not be used by those bearing them. The distinguishing main surname is the name following the
2348:
1876:
1207:
1379:
2048:
1941:
1775:
552:
359:
These rights gradually eroded and were largely eliminated before or during the 19th century, leaving the
261:. In Germany, all legal privileges of the nobility have been officially abolished since August 1919, and
2363:
31:
1511:
356:
service, to periodic fees for use of common infrastructure such as timber, mills, wells and pastures.
1959:
1952:, article 109. Former hereditary noble titles legally simply transformed into dependent parts of the
1731:
1375:
1221:
323:
203:
2295:
2289:
2120:
1949:
1919:(f.) and would commonly be used in the third-person in direct address as a mark of courtesy, as in
1261:
408:
329:
202:, meaning 'decision, decree'. However, the Grimms preferred a solution that allows a connection to
2090:
2043:
2038:
1971:
1818:, respectively. They were named after the geographic properties of their territories: Wildgrave (
1727:
1517:
1305:
1296:
1271:
1217:
1094:
953:
503:
387:
377:
319:
268:
2014:
occurs in various office titles which did not attain nobiliary status but were either held as a
1622:) of the town it dominated and of its immediate surrounding countryside. His jurisdiction was a
518:
title with such a prefix did not always signify a higher than comital rank or membership in the
1869:
purchased the estates, and after 1667 accorded the wife and children of his arguably bigamous (
1564:). While nominally retaining only a comital title, he was accorded princely rank and, usually,
2179:
1937:
1573:
1440:
1243:
307:
276:
258:
67:
2149:
1783:. After the Rhinegraves inherited the Wildgraviate (see below) and parts of the Countship of
416:
In the medieval Holy Roman Empire, some counts took or were granted unique variations of the
1765:
1613:
1462:
1195:
610:
544:
165:
102:
2343:
2250:
2033:
1945:
1933:
1887:
1841:
1819:
1739:
1717:
1553:
1316:
1280:
777:
605:
559:
282:
211:
195:
98:
2268:("Noble names are only recognised as part of the surname and may no longer be granted").
2265:
Adelsbezeichnungen gelten nur als Teil des Namens und dürfen nicht mehr verliehen werden
1524:
and
Wilhelm, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld), who lost their throne in 1918.
279:, the title continues to be recognised, used and, occasionally, granted by the national
2309:
2187:
1849:
1827:
1675:
1619:
1165:
1138:
1102:
1074:
905:
759:
735:
696:
583:
445:
401:
373:
translated as "count", was generally accepted and used in other countries by custom.
219:
151:
1576:, which at various points in time controlled vast amounts of lands throughout Europe.
2332:
1807:
1312:
1199:
877:
397:
254:
191:
876:. A count whose title pre-dated Imperial grants of the comital title. Unique to the
194:, while still noting the potential of a Greek derivation, suggested a connection to
1803:
1784:
1565:
1503:
1461:
occasionally continued in use as the subsidiary title of such minor royalty as the
422:
title, often relating to a specific domain or jurisdiction of responsibility, e.g.
337:
39:
1466:
1360:
1097:, and meant "Imperial Count", i.e., a count of the Holy Roman Empire. Since the
291:
272:
187:
110:
1656:
suggested a similar function and history as other titles rendered in German by
1477:
in the first decade of the 20th century. The jurisdiction of a landgrave was a
1953:
1895:
1870:
1806:) split into two parts in 1113, the counts of the two parts, belonging to the
1224:
retained, until 1918, status and privileges pertaining to members of reigning
1159:
352:
privileges over the land and in the villages in his county, such as rights to
313:
17:
1811:
1757:
1707:
1697:
1635:
1607:
1493:
1474:
1435:
1422:
1392:
1178:
1098:
981:
666:
425:
349:
1164:) — he was subject to an immediate prince of the empire, such as a duke or
2304:(in Russian). Vol. IXА. Гравилат – Давенант. Friedrich A. Brockhaus (
1453:
was entitled, but the title itself implied no specific, legal privileges.
62:
2065:
2015:
1815:
1749:
1711:
1701:
1670:
1603:
1598:
1585:
1559:
1444:
1355:
1342:
1122:
1086:
1041:
1011:
893:
831:
636:
628:
497:
451:
433:
1443:. The status of a landgrave was elevated, usually being associated with
1171:
However, the Holy Roman Emperors also occasionally granted the title of
715:. Imperial count, whose title was granted or recognised by the Emperor.
2305:
1797:
1225:
1101:
era, any count whose territory lay within the Empire and was under the
353:
50:
2290:
WorldStatesmen: see every modern state; here Germany/Holy Roman Empire
1216:
retained precedence above other counts in Germany. Those who had been
1368:
1252:
1203:
1130:
489:
181:
121:
113:, the title is often treated as equivalent to the British title of "
1771:
1497:
1210:). Even after the abolition of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the
1150:
848:. Ruled territory surrounding or dominated by a fortified castle.
809:
704:
653:. Exercised authority over territory on the border of the Empire.
244:
238:
106:
94:
1944:
in 1919), lost recognition as a legal class in Germany under the
1688:' (baron) who might hold a fief as vassal of the original count.
186:) 'to write'. Other explanations have been put forward, however;
1970:), they are ignored in alphabetical sorting of names, as is any
1153:
114:
1956:(with the former title thus now following the given name, e.g.
570:, elevated to this dignity in 1706 for the pacification of the
124:
size and importance" for which they had a seat and vote in the
2018:
by nobleman or courtiers, or functional officials such as the
1977:
334:. In regions of Europe where nobles did not actually exercise
322:
subordinated them to larger, neighboring monarchs through the
318:) retained near-sovereign authority in their lands until the
175:
169:
1602:, was a 12th- and 13th-century military and civil judicial
1028:. Ruled territory centered on an undeveloped area of land.
1329:
with immediate territories as of 1792 can be found in the
1865:
I (died 1172). The dynasty died out in the 18th century.
1722:
status, being entitled to a shared seat and vote in the
1706:
Unlike the other comital titles, Rhinegrave, Wildgrave (
1516:. The title is now borne by the hereditary heirs to the
1113:
came to be considered a member of the "upper nobility" (
400:: it was inherited by all legitimate descendants in the
2150:"Evolution of the Council of Princes from 1582 to 1803"
578:
dignities. Initially, when someone was elevated to the
1105:
jurisdiction of the Emperor with a shared vote in the
2262:
Article 109 of the Weimar Constitution constitutes:
2132:
386:
without any additional qualification. Except in the
223:
1483:or landgraviate, and the wife of a landgrave was a
1143:), and the emperor himself. A count who was not a
1894:, "old count") was a title used by the counts of
1194:and is combined with a territorial suffix (e.g.,
1568:by the emperor. An example of this would be the
683:. Exercised authority over an entire province.
174:, which ultimately derives from the Greek verb
1856:) after the rough (i.e. mountainous) terrain.
218:is a prefix, and which the Grimms derive from
1920:
1914:
1908:
818:. Ruled territory bordering the Rhine River.
8:
2263:
2063:
2054:
2019:
2009:
1995:
1989:
1983:
1975:
1965:
1957:
1907:The corresponding titles in Scandinavia are
1874:
1860:
1835:
1795:
1776:
1763:
1755:
1747:
1715:
1683:
1657:
1645:
1639:
1623:
1591:
1557:
1547:
1537:
1528:
1509:
1501:
1484:
1478:
1456:
1448:
1428:
1403:
1397:
1381:
1348:
1324:
1303:
1294:
1286:
1285:since 26 September 1366 (previously, simply
1278:
1269:
1259:
1250:
1241:
1232:
1211:
1185:
1172:
1157:
1144:
1136:
1128:
1120:
1114:
1106:
1080:
1065:
1053:
1047:
1033:
1023:
1017:
1003:
993:
987:
973:
963:
957:
947:
941:
935:
923:
909:
899:
885:
871:
865:
853:
843:
837:
823:
813:
803:
791:
781:
771:
751:
741:
733:
720:
710:
702:
688:
678:
672:
658:
648:
642:
620:
591:
531:
525:
519:
513:
507:
495:
487:
481:
475:
469:
463:
457:
449:
439:
431:
423:
417:
406:
391:
381:
367:
360:
343:
335:
327:
311:
301:
295:
262:
248:
137:
87:
79:
70:
54:
44:
2301:Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary
1663:
1611:
280:
159:
1266:, a title merged into the imperial dignity
380:counts in Germany and Austria were titled
1692:Rhinegrave, Wildgrave, Raugrave, Altgrave
1734:upon dissolution of the Empire in 1806.
1359:was originally a military governor of a
601:
117:" (whose female version is "countess").
61:
38:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2143:
2141:
2082:
2024:(in a polder management organization).
1964:). As dependent parts of the surnames (
109:". Considered to be intermediate among
27:Historical title of the German nobility
914:. Both a feudal title of comital rank
1936:, although not abolished (unlike the
1881:, the title of "Raugravine/Raugrave".
1331:List of Reichstag participants (1792)
590:Nobiliary titles containing the term
300:usually ruled a territory known as a
7:
1967:nichtselbständige Namensbestandteile
1746:) was the title of the count of the
390:from the 19th century, the title of
164:is in turn thought to come from the
1802:(a countship named after the river
1022:('raw, uninhabited, wilderness') +
486:ranked, officially, below those of
2190:, 1944, pp. 169, 276, 280. French.
1119:) in Germany, along with princes (
1093:was conferred or confirmed by the
25:
1867:Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine
998:. Ruled a heavily forested area.
2133:Arsenyev & Petrushevsky 1893
1774:. Their castle was known as the
1190:is usually translated simply as
150:, which is usually derived from
2298:; Petrushevsky, Fyodor (1893).
1929:Modern usage in German surnames
2148:Velde, François (2008-02-13).
2105:Grimm, Jacob; Grimm, Wilhelm.
1873:) second marriage to Baroness
574:. Then Peter granted six more
572:Astrakhan uprising (1705–1706)
1:
1859:The first Raugrave was Count
1411:Maximilian, Margrave of Baden
1149:was likely to possess only a
732:German verb for "made into a
2230:Meyers Konversations-Lexikon
2208:Meyers Konversations-Lexikon
1789:Wild-and-Rhinegraves of Salm
182:
170:
1754:, a county located between
1570:Princely County of Habsburg
1522:Donatus, Landgrave of Hesse
778:palatial estate, Palatinate
647:'march, border province' +
512:or "princely count". But a
480:, etc. Although as a title
2380:
1840:("forest"), and Raugrave (
1695:
1583:
1420:
1340:
1072:
568:Boris Petrovich Sheremetev
236:
224:
176:
29:
2324:Lexikon article "Raugraf"
2055:
1958:
1877:Marie Luise von Degenfeld
1875:
1861:
1796:
1787:, they called themselves
1777:
1770:on the right bank of the
1764:
1756:
1748:
1730:, most of which would be
1646:
1543:
1510:
1502:
1404:
1398:
1382:
1304:
1295:
1279:
1270:
1260:
1251:
1242:
1032:
1002:
972:
922:
918:a more technical office.
884:
852:
822:
790:
750:
719:
687:
657:
619:
614:
609:
604:
548:
407:
105:, usually translated as "
2354:German words and phrases
2281:standard # 5007, part 2.
1469:, who functioned as the
539:In Russia, the title of
310:, many Imperial counts (
287:, the reigning monarch.
66:Heraldic headpiece of a
2123:Article 109, sentence 2
2049:List of German monarchs
1942:First Austrian Republic
1492:Examples: Landgrave of
962:later became counties (
940:'imperial territory' +
348:long retained specific
342:over the populace, the
207:
199:
147:
2264:
2107:"Deutsches Wörterbuch"
2074:Sources and references
2064:
2020:
2010:
1996:
1990:
1984:
1976:
1966:
1921:
1915:
1909:
1891:
1853:
1845:
1836:
1831:
1823:
1743:
1716:
1684:
1679:
1664:
1658:
1640:
1634:Examples: Burgrave of
1624:
1612:
1592:
1572:, the namesake of the
1558:
1548:
1538:
1529:
1485:
1479:
1457:
1449:
1429:
1349:
1325:
1287:
1233:
1212:
1186:
1173:
1158:
1145:
1137:
1129:
1121:
1115:
1107:
1081:
1066:
1054:
1052:'vice-, substitute' +
1048:
1034:
1024:
1018:
1004:
994:
988:
974:
964:
958:
948:
942:
936:
924:
910:
900:
886:
872:
866:
854:
844:
838:
824:
814:
804:
792:
782:
772:
752:
742:
734:
721:
711:
703:
689:
679:
673:
659:
649:
643:
621:
592:
532:
526:
520:
514:
508:
496:
488:
482:
476:
470:
464:
458:
450:
440:
432:
424:
418:
396:was not restricted by
392:
382:
368:
361:
344:
336:
328:
312:
302:
296:
281:
263:
249:
160:
155:
138:
101:and later also of the
88:
80:
75:
71:
59:
55:
45:
2339:Austrian noble titles
1606:of a castle (compare
1465:or the Grand Duke of
1315:as a dominion of the
551:; feminine: Графиня,
65:
42:
32:Graf (disambiguation)
2312:). pp. 576–577.
2296:Arsenyev, Konstantin
1960:Otto Graf Lambsdorff
1810:, called themselves
1383:Brandenburg-Bayreuth
1222:German mediatisation
562:. The first Russian
558:) was introduced by
324:German mediatisation
259:Habsburg crown lands
132:Etymology and origin
30:For other uses, see
2359:German noble titles
2121:Weimar Constitution
2059:(Holy Roman Empire)
1950:Weimar Constitution
1323:A complete list of
632:(only continental)
615:Comment/ etymology
409:Castell-Rudenhausen
306:('county'). In the
269:nobiliary particles
2308:), Ilya A. Efron (
2249:2007-06-03 at the
2044:Holy Roman Emperor
2039:History of Germany
1972:nobiliary particle
1948:in 1919 under the
1728:Imperial immediacy
1512:Fürstenberg-Weitra
1095:Holy Roman Emperor
954:Carolingian Empire
842:'castle, burgh' +
504:Holy Roman Emperor
388:Kingdom of Prussia
320:Congress of Vienna
277:official languages
144:Middle High German
93:) is a historical
76:
60:
2180:Almanach de Gotha
1938:Austrian nobility
1668:or in English as
1647:Dohna-Schlobitten
1580:Burgrave/Viscount
1441:Holy Roman Empire
1393:title of pretence
1376:Margrave of Baden
1062:
1061:
308:Holy Roman Empire
257:and other former
16:(Redirected from
2371:
2349:German feudalism
2313:
2282:
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2269:
2267:
2260:
2254:
2241:
2235:
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1963:
1962:
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1918:
1912:
1880:
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1863:
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1800:
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1778:Rheingrafenstein
1769:
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1752:
1721:
1687:
1667:
1661:
1649:
1648:
1643:
1627:
1617:
1595:
1574:Habsburg Dynasty
1563:
1551:
1545:
1541:
1539:gefürsteter Graf
1532:
1530:Gefürsteter Graf
1518:deposed monarchs
1515:
1514:
1507:
1506:
1489:or landgravine.
1488:
1482:
1463:Elector of Hesse
1460:
1452:
1432:
1407:
1406:
1401:
1400:
1385:
1384:
1352:
1328:
1309:
1308:
1300:
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1284:
1283:
1275:
1274:
1265:
1264:
1256:
1255:
1247:
1246:
1236:
1215:
1208:Count von Browne
1202:) or a surname (
1196:Count of Holland
1189:
1176:
1163:
1148:
1142:
1134:
1126:
1118:
1112:
1084:
1069:
1057:
1051:
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1021:
1007:
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991:
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967:
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927:
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903:
889:
875:
869:
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847:
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739:
724:
722:Gefürsteter Graf
714:
708:
692:
682:
676:
662:
652:
646:
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602:
595:
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509:gefürsteter Graf
501:
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305:
299:
286:
266:
252:
227:
226:
214:', in which the
185:
179:
178:
173:
163:
141:
103:Russian nobility
91:
83:
74:
58:
48:
21:
2379:
2378:
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2251:Wayback Machine
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1204:Count Fugger
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36:
2008:The suffix
1940:by the new
1641:Burggraf zu
1560:Reichsfürst
1467:Saxe-Weimar
1361:Carolingian
1200:Count Reuss
992:'forest' +
736:Reichsfürst
709:'Empire' +
494:(duke) and
378:Continental
292:Middle Ages
273:Switzerland
204:Old English
111:noble ranks
85:(feminine:
46:Grafenkrone
43:Image of a
2333:Categories
2159:2008-03-04
2004:Other uses
1974:, such as
1896:Lower Salm
1886:Altgrave (
1871:morganatic
1812:Wildgraves
1732:mediatised
1652:Initially
1549:Reichsgraf
1542:(English:
1520:of Hesse (
1486:Landgräfin
1374:Examples:
1297:Pappenheim
1187:Reichsgraf
1174:Reichsgraf
1160:Afterlehen
1146:Reichsgraf
1139:Kurfürsten
1127:), dukes (
1082:Reichsgraf
1067:Reichsgraf
894:Free Count
799:Rhinegrave
690:Reichsgraf
303:Grafschaft
237:See also:
229:'number'.
68:mediatised
2201:Rheingraf
2056:Reichstag
2021:Deichgraf
1922:grevinnan
1913:(m.) and
1816:Raugraves
1794:When the
1758:Wiesbaden
1744:Rheingraf
1708:Waldgrave
1698:Waldgrave
1680:Vicecomes
1665:Burggraaf
1636:Nuremberg
1608:castellan
1494:Thuringia
1475:Thuringia
1471:Landgrave
1445:suzerains
1436:Landgrave
1423:Landgrave
1417:Landgrave
1272:Leiningen
1262:Henneberg
1226:dynasties
1179:honorific
1109:Reichstag
1103:immediate
982:Wildgrave
793:Rheingraf
768:(archaic)
766:Palsgrave
753:Pfalzgraf
667:Landgrave
553:romanized
515:grafliche
441:Pfalzgraf
419:gräfliche
402:male line
290:From the
247:title of
166:Byzantine
136:The word
2277:Compare
2247:Archived
2066:Sendgraf
2028:See also
2016:sinecure
1916:grevinna
1834:) after
1824:Wildgraf
1750:Rheingau
1718:Hochadel
1712:Raugrave
1702:Raugrave
1685:Freiherr
1671:Viscount
1659:Vizegraf
1654:burgrave
1604:governor
1599:Burgrave
1593:Burggraf
1586:Burgrave
1458:Landgraf
1430:Landgraf
1389:margrave
1363:"mark" (
1356:Margrave
1350:Markgraf
1343:Margrave
1337:Margrave
1317:Austrian
1306:Stolberg
1231:Notable
1116:Hochadel
1087:nobleman
1042:Viscount
1035:Vizegraf
1012:Raugrave
975:Waldgraf
931:Gaugrave
906:allodial
904:'free' (
887:Freigraf
880:family.
870:'old' +
861:Altgrave
832:Burgrave
825:Burggraf
660:Landgraf
637:Marquess
629:Margrave
622:Markgraf
556:Grafinya
533:Landgraf
527:Markgraf
521:Hochadel
465:Waldgraf
459:Wildgraf
452:Burggraf
434:Markgraf
426:Landgraf
200:gagrêfts
183:graphein
177:γρᾰ́φειν
171:grapheus
122:princely
2306:Leipzig
2244:Raugraf
2223:Raugraf
2091:"Duden"
1892:Altgraf
1846:Raugraf
1798:Nahegau
1546:) is a
1405:Meissen
1395:, e.g.
1369:vassals
1244:Castell
1131:Herzöge
1123:Fürsten
1005:Raugraf
956:. Most
952:in the
925:Gaugraf
855:Altgraf
808:'river
611:English
545:Russian
477:Raugraf
471:Altgraf
354:peasant
245:comital
233:History
161:Graphio
156:graphio
97:of the
51:coronet
2344:Counts
1997:Gräfin
1888:German
1842:German
1820:German
1781:Castle
1740:German
1620:keeper
1614:custos
1253:Fugger
1220:until
1099:feudal
1085:was a
606:German
580:graf's
490:Herzog
350:feudal
208:gerēfa
196:Gothic
168:title
89:Gräfin
2011:-graf
1994:, or
1910:greve
1862:Emich
1850:Latin
1828:Latin
1772:Rhine
1766:Lorch
1676:Latin
1596:, or
1498:Hesse
1391:as a
1365:march
1319:crown
1313:Tyrol
1192:count
1151:mesne
1091:count
908:?) +
810:Rhine
805:Rhein
773:Pfalz
705:Reich
498:Fürst
376:Many
271:. In
239:Count
225:*rōva
212:reeve
188:Jacob
152:Latin
148:grave
107:count
95:title
2227:In:
2205:In:
2184:Salm
1991:Graf
1837:Wald
1814:and
1804:Nahe
1785:Salm
1762:and
1700:and
1566:arms
1450:Graf
1409:and
1288:Graf
1154:fief
1055:Graf
1049:Vize
1025:Graf
995:Graf
989:Wald
959:gäue
943:Graf
911:Graf
901:frei
878:Salm
873:Graf
845:Graf
839:Burg
815:Graf
812:' +
783:Graf
780:' +
743:Graf
740:" +
712:Graf
680:Graf
674:Land
650:Graf
644:Mark
593:Graf
576:graf
564:graf
549:Граф
541:Graf
530:and
483:Graf
393:Graf
383:Graf
369:Graf
362:Graf
345:Graf
297:Graf
294:, a
264:Graf
250:Graf
243:The
190:and
139:Graf
115:earl
81:Graf
72:Graf
56:Graf
2279:DIN
1982:or
1978:von
1710:),
1473:of
1433:or
1353:or
1019:Rau
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949:gau
937:Gau
916:and
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634:or
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1536:A
1427:A
1413:.
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1347:A
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1079:A
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547::
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