161:
3853:
2157:
579:
2102:
726:
2139:
3769:
2125:
147:
1579:
713:
348:
736:
1230:. Numerous miracles convinced the emperor to recognise the union of the two abbeys and reiterate the superiority of Stavelot, forcing Anno eventually to capitulate. A rejoiceful procession back to Stavelot paused en route to celebrate Mass on the banks of the Meuse; finally, the monks processed with Remaclus's relics to the abbey at Malmedy, to symbolise the restoration of his and their authority. This series of episodes is recounted in the heroic narrative of the
1838:
1398:
1327:
2498:
373:
1523:
1124:
1983:(ruled 1130–58) was an important Imperial minister and diplomat, and was regarded as one of the greatest patrons of Mosan art in its best period, although much of the evidence for this is circumstantial. Some of his surviving letters discuss works which may be identifiable with existing pieces, and an "aurifaber G", who some have identified with
2919:
3094:"25 août 1349, à Bastogne — Diplôme de Charles IV, roi des Romains, qui enjoint en sa qualité d'avoué héréditaire de l'abbaye de Stavelot, à tous les officiers du comté de Luxembourg, de prendre sous leur protection l'abbé, son église et les biens qu'elle possède, et de leur en assurer la jouissance."
1502:
totalling over 2000 households; adding that the principality itself retained only 1693 households, having had 3780 households before the upheavals and that the suffering of the principality had caused some of the richest and most powerful families to emigrate. The
Imperial Diet was moved to halve the
1157:
on 5 June 1040. Thietmar was the lay patron who assembled carpenters and stonemasons to build the abbey church. As well as confirming the authenticity of the relics of St
Quirinus at Malmedy in 1042, Poppo revived the cult of St Remaclus. Poppo died in 1048; his cult, which began almost immediately,
1340:
The abbey church served as a monastic church and as a church of pilgrimage until the French
Revolution. Its imposing gatehouse tower was rebuilt in 1534; (its ground floor and some further foundation still remain). Malmedy began to flourish particularly in the 16th century with the development of
3272:
22 septembre 1137, à Aquino — Diplôme (bulle d'or) de
Lothaire III, empereur des Romains, adressé à l'abbé Wibald, qui confirme les possessions et immunités des monastères de Stavelot et de Malmédy, leur accordant la libre faculté d'élire un abbé parmi les religieux du monastère de Stavelot, de
1991:, a shadowy figure to whom many masterpieces are attributed. Several important commissions were certainly placed by Wibald with Mosan workshops of goldsmiths and metalworkers, and other works later connected with Stavelot are also presumed to have been commissioned by him. The works, mostly
3294:, which confirmed the possessions and immunities of the monasteries at Stavelot and Malmedy, according them the free ability to elect an abbot from the clergy of the Stavelot monastery, in preference to those of the Malmedy monastery, and defining the rights and functions of the abbots.
900:, invaded the area, burning both abbeys and causing the monks to flee with their treasures and relics. Several historical sources provide evidence of the raid of 881, which was well prepared and organised. The monks rushed to dig up the relics of Remaclus and fled to the
674:. The monastery of Malmedy is considered by historians and hagiographers to be slightly older than the monastery of Stavelot, with the town claiming its foundation date as 648. Malmedy is listed on earlier maps than Stavelot, and the commission appointed in 670 by
2980:
Sans date (950, Villers; vers 944, Bertholet) — Diplôme de Otton I, roi des
Romains, accordé à l'abbé Odilon, par lequel il laisse aux religieux des monastères de Stavelot et de Malmédy la libre faculté de choisir un abbé, chargé seul de l'administration des deux
1432:. In Stavelot, the entire town, including over 360 houses, was destroyed, leaving just the abbey and its farmyard standing. In Malmedy, some 600 out of the 660 houses of the town were destroyed and it took more than a century to completely rebuild. Malmedy's 1601
1415:
and the protection of the prince-abbots, the territory was invaded at least 50 times by troops passing through, whose depredations had disastrous consequences for the population, including the 4 October 1689 razing of both
Stavelot and Malmedy on the orders of
1566:—one secular, one for the monks—survive as the courtyards of the brick-and-stone 17th-century domestic ranges. The foundations of the abbey church are presented as a footprint, with walls and column bases that enable the visitor to visualize the scale of the
1513:
for the abbeys (reducing the sums and troops the abbeys needed to provide towards the
Imperial army) and exempting any need for the abbeys to send troops to the Imperial army for three years, an exemption extended for four more years on 24 March 1715.
1213:
the following year. That their prayers were not answered apparently led the monks to despair that the relics were becoming impotent or that the monks were being punished by their patron; in 1067 and 1068, abbot
Thierry even went to
1855:
Several sources note that there were disputes between the two abbeys, with
Stavelot assuming primacy over Malmedy, to the latter's discontent; though new abbots were invested in Stavelot on behalf of both abbeys. Whilst an
1483:
By the start of the 18th century the principality had lost a third of its territory, as a result of war, fires, pillage, and unjust encroachments. The deputies to the
Imperial Diet complained that, in the 16th century, the
2080:
in Paris. An important and more elaborate retable of Saint Remaclus, of about 1150, about nine square metres in extent, was broken up during the French Revolution; and only two round enamel plaques survive, in Berlin and
1185:, where Stavelot lay. This occurred despite several previous Imperial bulls reinforcing the position that the two abbeys should be subject to a single abbot. The monks from Stavelot processed to Malmedy with the
1222:. This impasse lasted for a further three years, until Henry held court at Liège during Easter in 1071; with great ceremony, the monks processed with Remaclus's relics to meet with his legendary fellow bishop
4462:
3025:
5 juin 1138, à Stavelot — Édit de Wibald, abbé de Stavelot, qui ordonne la restauration du château de Logne et la translation du village du même nom dans la vallée qui avoisine le château, du côté de l'est.
2156:
1048:
in the early 10th century, the abbeys were once again of suitable Imperial stature. A new abbey church was built in Malmedy in 992, dedicated to St Quirinus; in 1007, a parish church was consecrated to
160:
3757:
4524:
1257:, first mentioned in an 862 abbey charter. In the 12th to 15th centuries, however, the abbacy experienced a slow decline. In the 14th and 15th centuries, several Imperial edicts, initially issued by
1937:
metalwork, which was then the most prestigious art form. Their collections were dispersed by wars and, finally, the French Revolution. Works from the abbeys are now in museums across the world. The
1189:
and relics of St Remaclus to remind the rebellious monks of the traditional ordering of the abbeys that the saint had instituted. The relics and crosier were also transported to an Imperial Diet of
2711:
1913:
Shortly before the principality's extinction, it contributed just over 81 Reichsthaler per session for the maintenance of the Imperial Chamber Court, from annual revenues of around 25 000
1044:, the first prince-bishop. The abbots Odilon and Werinfride rebuilt the abbeys, with new building; re-established the monastic community; re-organised the principality. By the time of the
1539:, from 1793 to 1804, the abbey was abandoned by the monks and the principality extinguished. Stavelot was incorporated into the French Republic by a decree of 2 March 1793, along with
4494:
1872:. Each of the three districts had its own provincial assembly and court, with a Princely Council for highly contested cases. As a court of last resort, citizens could appeal to the
923:; the surrounding region was largely unaffected by the invasion. Stavelot and Malmedy were both burned, with the monks not returning until just before Christmas 882, with a stay in
1562:
of the Year IV (1 October 1795). Stavelot abbey itself was sacked and the church sold and demolished; of the church just the western doorway remains, as a free-standing tower. Two
3735:
1948:) was probably the abbey's main bible, and was created there by several hands over a four-year period ending in 1097 (other works have been identified as being from the same
3750:
1031:
details the flight from the invaders and follows the monks' wanderings. After the invasions, abbot Odilon began to rebuild the ruined abbey of Stavelot, with support from
276:
1291:, a fief of the abbey, to submit to his jurisdiction. The cortège was pious, rather than fraught with tension; with Stavelot monks carrying the shrines of Remaclus and
4519:
2101:
1179:
abbot of Malmedy, on dubious authority—whilst Malmedy was in the archdiocese of Cologne, the two abbeys were linked and, thus, under the purview of the diocese of
3743:
3226:
Exposé fidéle des raisons qui ont retardé l'Exécution de la Sentence Impériale de Wetzlaer, au sujet de l'Insurrection Liégoise, avec les pièces justificatives
1247:, near Stavelot. Elected prince-abbot in 1130, he played a key role in the religious life of the region and the abbeys. In 1138, he granted permission for the
4534:
3528:
2513:
1298:
762:
2138:
3328:
2722:
1158:
focused on his resting place in the crypt. Malmedy developed around the monastery; until the end of the tenth century, the villagers used the chapel of
2955:, which detailed the miracles that occurred in his name, specifically asserted that Stavelot might rejoice in having a saint, as Tours rejoiced in its
686:). Afterwards, the territory of the abbey was enlarged westwards, so that Stavelot became the geographical centre and the capital of the principality.
4504:
4499:
611:, this territory belonged at that time to Grimoald, the Austrasian mayor of the palace and member of the Arnulfinger-Peppinid family. A charter of
506:), in contrast to the majority of imperial abbots who were only entitled to collectively determine the votes of their respective curial benches.
2309:
3793:
3667:
3571:
3457:
3430:
3403:
3059:
2867:
2821:
2690:
2643:
2599:
2429:
600:
3773:
485:
166:
3726:
2757:
2541:
935:, which had been entrusted to the monks at Stavelot because of the Norman threat, were returned intact. In gratitude, on 13 November 882,
2256:
805:
4309:
2508:
1032:
4406:
531:
495:
400:
32:
2074:
1437:
412:
670:
and its banks strengthened, to prevent the flooding that Malmedy often experienced. The abbey church in Malmedy was dedicated to
4319:
3821:
1883:
561:, respectively (Malmedy annexed to Belgium in 1925). In 1921 the Abbey church of Malmedy became the Cathedral of the short-lived
3287:
2211:
146:
3610:
3501:
2888:
1391:
1258:
746:
627:
forest, "a place of horror and solitary isolation which abounds with wild beasts". Sigebert granted forest land; charged his
3816:
3718:
3365:
4529:
4358:
4218:
3826:
3117:
3105:
1154:
1127:
1077:
1057:
619:
entrusted Remaclus with the monasteries of both Stavelot and Malmedy, which was located a few kilometres eastwards in the
578:
494:
As a prince-abbot, the abbot of Stavelot-Malmedy sat on the Ecclesiastical Bench of the College of Ruling Princes of the
4353:
3806:
3196:
2989:
2392:
1190:
1150:
464:
1153:
in 1020. He built an imposing church over 100 metres (330 ft) in length, which was consecrated in the presence of
4489:
3831:
1345:
635:, with furnishing money to build the two monasteries; and continued to foster these communities with personal gifts.
1952:). The bible has been described as "a perfect microcosm of the influences and interests that gave rise to the first
3839:
3631:
3506:
3370:
2022:
1618:
1323:" to the abbots' titles, with the county representing most of the western portion of the principality's territory.
1109:
2198:, which in Stavelot's founding legend carried bricks for the building of the abbey after having killed Remaclus's
1653:
1536:
817:
813:
4248:
3540:
4484:
4455:
3872:
3801:
3536:
3101:
2790:
2216:
1113:
1065:
850:
562:
4145:
3420:
3343:
1341:
tannery; in 1544 there were only 216 houses with a thousand inhabitants, but that more than tripled by 1635.
1274:
849:, where poor pilgrims were granted hospitality, including food for almost eight days, whilst they made their
3887:
1567:
1357:
897:
443:
4326:
4185:
2255:
712:
4253:
4238:
4127:
4081:
3338:
2124:
1938:
1280:
4263:
4233:
4228:
4304:
4299:
4273:
4258:
4189:
4170:
4076:
4042:
4034:
3934:
2930:
2047:
1223:
1073:
809:
758:
606:
510:
280:
3581:
3265:
Liste chronologique des édits et ordonnances de la principauté de Stavelot et de Malmédy, de 650 à 1793
3086:
Liste chronologique des édits et ordonnances de la principauté de Stavelot et de Malmédy, de 650 à 1793
3070:
Histoire du comté de Logne. Étude sur le passé politique, économique et sociale d'un district ardennais
3018:
Liste chronologique des édits et ordonnances de la principauté de Stavelot et de Malmédy, de 650 à 1793
2972:
Liste chronologique des édits et ordonnances de la principauté de Stavelot et de Malmédy, de 650 à 1793
901:
796:, however, the abbeys suffered the same decay as elsewhere, leaving the principality in the custody of
4423:
4268:
4165:
4140:
1344:
After the death of abbot Christopher of Manderscheid, there was a series of absent abbots, including
1262:
558:
538:
477:
3723:
2549:
4378:
4331:
4278:
4243:
4213:
4175:
4122:
3964:
3811:
1986:
1876:
1773:
1649:
1632:
1485:
1449:
1441:
1425:
1362:), who reformed the abbey in 1656. In the 17th century, Stavelot and Malmedy were major centres of
1061:
978:
766:
628:
521:
473:
366:
295:
95:
3208:
2655:
2635:
2631:
2449:
1227:
498:
alongside the prince-bishops. Along with the handful of other prince-abbots, he cast a full vote (
472:, it was one of only three principalities of the Southern Netherlands that were never part of the
4451:
4435:
4345:
4155:
4150:
4102:
4008:
3956:
3588:
3273:
préférence à ceux du monastère de Malmédy, et définissant les droits et les fonctions des avoués.
1868:
of clergy, dignitaries, prince's officers, mayors, and aldermen, whose main role was to vote for
1542:
1302:
1147:
793:
690:
671:
632:
554:
535:
527:
353:
310:
3939:
1604:
1429:
1041:
594:
17:
2317:
4514:
4447:
4431:
4194:
4135:
4112:
4026:
3974:
3777:
3663:
3653:
3567:
3453:
3426:
3399:
3393:
3310:
3246:
3113:
3055:
3043:
2863:
2855:
2838:
2817:
2686:
2639:
2595:
2589:
2475:
2425:
2344:
2288:
2144:
2130:
2030:
2003:
1857:
1641:
1507:
1363:
1219:
1143:
1135:
481:
455:
439:
250:
181:
3447:
3263:
3224:
3121:
3109:
3097:
3084:
3016:
3003:
2811:
2680:
2419:
638:
The site of Malmedy was probably already settled before the foundation of the abbey, despite
4509:
4314:
4097:
3852:
3659:
3172:
2985:
2736:
Ludwig Drees (1973). "Der Kampf mit dem Drachen, Die Legende des Hl. Quirinus von Malmedy".
2627:
2238:
André Uyttebrouck (1975). "Une Confédération et trois principautés". In Rita Lejeune (ed.).
1837:
1645:
1553:. Despite opposition from local notables, Malmedy was similarly incorporated by a decree of
1159:
1045:
778:
702:
1694:
of Stavelot contained 14 communities and that of Malmedy contained the town itself and the
1472:; another loan, shared amongst the communities, totalled 109 000 thalers, with annual
4443:
4415:
4089:
4071:
4058:
3969:
3925:
3856:
The Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle (red) within the Holy Roman Empire (white) after 1548
3730:
3603:
3334:
2956:
2108:
1999:
1976:
from about 1300. Malmedy illuminations show a particular closeness with metalwork styles.
1961:
1945:
1914:
1817:
1751:
1678:
1419:
1412:
1248:
1069:
1007:
936:
926:
912:
694:
488:
125:
80:
2624:
Art and Architecture of Late Medieval Pilgrimage in Northern Europe and the British Isles
1142:
The key building period at the abbey of Stavelot corresponds to the rule of prince-abbot
3624:
4419:
4180:
4107:
4066:
3929:
2807:
2424:. Translated by Michael Idomir Allen. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 21–2.
2148:
1953:
1941:
1930:
1557:
1445:
1433:
1397:
940:
729:
679:
177:
110:
2999:... déclarant que les deux monastères doivent être soumis à l'autorité d'un seul abbé.
1925:
The abbeys at Stavelot and Malmedy commissioned some of the finest surviving works of
4478:
3979:
3943:
3882:
3785:
3476:
3279:
2504:
2026:
1965:
1713:
1617:
river valleys, the principality occupied a substantial proportion of what is now the
944:
739:
544:
2685:. Translated by Michael Idomir Allen. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 59.
1056:
Another danger threatened the abbey—and the Western Empire—in the 10th century: the
509:
In 1795, the principality was abolished and its territory was incorporated into the
3902:
3864:
3210:
Collection complète des lois décrets, ordonnances, réglemens avis du conseil-d'état
2803:
2187:
1860:
principality, in some matters the prince-abbot would consult a general assembly or
1767:
1462:
1131:
784:
Through the seventh and eighth centuries, the two abbeys followed their mission of
675:
612:
3449:
La lettre ornée dans les manuscrits mosans d'origine bénédictine, XI – XII siècles
3166:
3138:
2896:
2658:; the 1509 procession is cited in footnote 169 on page 729 as being referenced in
1994:
1759:
1326:
1102:, driven by the fears of the time, granted the monks a place to build a refuge in
956:
3120:, also duke of Luxembourg, again reiterated this protection by an edict of 1674 (
2970:
2925:
2239:
3897:
3877:
3564:
Monuments of Romanesque Art; The Art of Church Treasures in North-Western Europe
3283:
1957:
1949:
1387:
1367:
839:
754:
753:. Throughout the ninth century, the abbeys played an important cultural role in
698:
209:
4013:
3577:
2264:
2011:
1973:
1578:
866:
824:
785:
750:
47:
34:
3655:
Medieval piety from relics to the Eucharist: a process of mutual interaction
2398:
2195:
2163:
2112:
2082:
2067:
2007:
1934:
1926:
1895:
1785:
1593:
1379:
1371:
1163:
797:
725:
639:
616:
435:
3691:
3192:
2388:
2190:
granted to the town of Stavelot, in 1819, is also that of the abbey—parted
1522:
1436:
had previously been destroyed by French troops in 1658, during the 1635–59
1123:
931:, to allow them to repair the roofs of the monastic buildings. Relics from
781:, partly to secure relics comparable to those of St. Remaclus at Stavelot.
735:
661:
3422:
Gothic manuscript illumination in the diocese of Liege (c. 1250 – c. 1330)
1092:
Anno 954 Ungri populantur regiones Galliæ ... Anno 955. Victoria de Ungris
4368:
4363:
4050:
4021:
3948:
3920:
3912:
2862:(in French). Ministère de la Région Wallonne / Mardaga. pp. 148–49.
2116:
2056:
1891:
1585:
1563:
1473:
1469:
1383:
1202:
1018:
970:
854:
622:
588:
582:
447:
236:
191:
3366:"Western painting: Dark Ages and medieval Christendom: The Meuse Valley"
2517:. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 493.
2244:(in French). Vol. 1. La renaissance du livre. pp. 215–44, 235.
1669:. The principality was divided into three administrative districts: the
4386:
4373:
2717:
2063:
2029:), the Stavelot Portable Altar of 1146, and a head-shaped reliquary of
1907:
1743:
1664:
1477:
1210:
1206:
1186:
1170:
1117:
1001:
993:
893:
846:
789:
550:
451:
408:
404:
391:
222:
599:
river, circa 650, on lands along the border between the bishoprics of
3291:
2199:
2060:
1980:
1901:
1735:
1705:
1612:
1375:
1297:
with other reliquaries; and the monks of Malmedy with reliquaries of
1238:
1198:
1194:
1050:
1006:, causing the monks of Stavelot to flee again, finding refuge in the
987:
932:
263:
4223:
2993:
1887:
1836:
1577:
1521:
1396:
1325:
1122:
878:
772:
734:
724:
711:
706:
667:
577:
1370:
was particularly important to Malmedy, as was the manufacture of
747:
Carloman, Duke of the Franks and Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia
678:, in order to delimit the abbey territory, started from Malmedy (
4160:
3993:
3989:
2191:
1215:
801:
3739:
3213:(in French). Vol. 5. A Guyot et Scribe. 1834. p. 178.
2456:(in French). L'Établissement Géographique, Faubourg de Flandre.
2041:
1984:
2662:
Bulletin de la Société d'Art et d'Histoire du Diocèse de Liège
1869:
1468:. The abbey had to borrow 134 000 thalers from Liège and
1846:
belonged to Stavelot, like a number of other villages in the
749:, enlarged the abbeys' lands with gifts from his own, on his
2856:"Le peuplement médiéval au sud de la Meuse. Le cas de Logne"
1285:
organised a procession to induce the recalcitrant county of
3168:Études historiques sur l'ancien pays de Stavelot et Malmedy
1311:
with the relics of Symmetrus. In 1521, after the castle in
2660:
A Delescluse (1894). "Une procession Ă Stavelot en 1509".
2405:
referenced there. Both sites last accessed 2 January 2010.
2293:(in French). Société Belge de Librairie, etc. p. 241.
1488:
had seized several territories and that the Bishopric of
1146:, the second founder of the abbey, who was made abbot by
2816:. Vol. 2. Manchester University Press. p. 90.
2706:
2704:
2702:
3535:. J. Richard Stracke, emeritus professor of English at
3251:. Vol. 4. Translated by P Murdoch. pp. 363–4.
2480:(in French). Vol. 4. CM Spanoghe. pp. 169–74.
2290:
Guide pittoresque et artistique du voyageur en Belgique
1108:, although five years earlier, the victory of emperor
650:
was "a place with winding waters", or, most probably,
4525:
Prince-bishoprics of the Holy Roman Empire in Belgium
3160:
3158:
3156:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3054:(1). Ministère de la Région Wallonne / Mardaga: 411.
2883:
2881:
2879:
2760:Étude sur l'abbaye et principauté de Stavelot-Malmédy
2413:
2411:
1886:(reigned 1508–19) on the model of the parliaments in
2617:
2615:
2613:
2611:
1956:". A group of manuscripts from the less productive
4344:
4290:
4206:
4001:
3988:
3911:
3863:
3784:
2397:Robert Christophe. "Aperçu historique de Malmedy".
2304:
2302:
2300:
1644:, the principality was bounded on the north by the
1458:—had cost the principality the sum of 2.75 million
1134:of the church built in Stavelot under prince-abbot
1068:invited the Hungarians to undermine his opponents,
827:and the sick was a part of the monks' mission. The
777:to Malmedy Abbey after the intercession of Emperor
387:
307:
290:
273:
260:
247:
233:
219:
205:
197:
187:
173:
64:
3685:Armorial des Provinces et des Communes de Belgique
3395:Space between words: the origins of silent reading
2583:
2581:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2567:
869:, while dealing with the distribution of property
709:of Saint Remaclus were housed in this new church.
3037:
3035:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2454:Dictionnaire géographique de la province de Liége
1305:, Peter, and Philip; joined by parishioners from
998:and passed through the Meuse valley, marching on
3188:
3186:
3184:
3182:
2943:
2941:
2594:(in French). Éditions du CEFAL. pp. 127–8.
2443:
2441:
1166:of the abbey church, as their place of worship.
689:The first church in Stavelot was built by abbot
87:
3471:
3469:
2843:(in French). Adolphe Stapleaux. pp. 163–4.
2785:Burke's Peerage & Baronetage, 106th Edition
2491:
2489:
2487:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2378:
1234:and confirmed by several contemporary sources.
939:—Carolingian emperor and king of East Francia,
800:—temporal guardians—from 844 to 938, including
4495:States and territories established in the 650s
3452:(in French). Librairie Droz. pp. 293–96.
2791:Voyer & Bedard Family History and Ancestry
2376:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2358:
1197:. In 1066, they processed again, this time to
484:while the principalities were assigned to the
3751:
3305:
3303:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2233:
2231:
1317:had been dismantled, William added "Count of
1261:, put the abbacy under the protection of the
693:and, on 25 June 685, was dedicated to saints
642:seeming to indicate Malmedy's unsuitability.
27:Ecclesiastical state of the Holy Roman Empire
8:
3270:
3100:. This protection was reiterated in 1384 by
3092:
3023:
2997:
2978:
2086:
2085:, though a 17th-century drawing survives in
2072:
2048:
1992:
1899:
1874:
1862:
1847:
1841:
1829:
1823:
1815:
1809:
1802:
1795:
1789:
1778:
1765:
1757:
1749:
1741:
1733:
1726:
1719:
1711:
1703:
1696:
1688:
1680:
1671:
1662:
1655:
1634:
1625:
1619:
1610:
1602:
1591:
1583:
1554:
1548:
1540:
1526:
1505:
1496:
1489:
1460:
1453:
1417:
1402:
1355:
1349:
1318:
1312:
1306:
1292:
1286:
1278:
1252:
1242:
1180:
1174:
1103:
1097:
1034:
1016:
1009:
999:
991:
976:
968:
962:
954:
948:
924:
918:
910:
903:
770:
659:
620:
604:
592:
542:
519:
512:
466:
457:
293:
117:
72:
3240:
3238:
3236:
2949:
1764:(2), with public assemblies being based in
1686:, totalling around 28,000 inhabitants. The
1090:
1082:
1025:
883:
871:
859:
837:
829:
652:
644:
500:
102:
3998:
3758:
3744:
3736:
3398:. Stanford University Press. p. 192.
2469:
2467:
2465:
2463:
1772:. In addition, six other communities were
446:abbot of the imperial double monastery of
159:
61:
3132:
3130:
2793:; website last accessed 26 December 2009.
165:Stavelot-Malmedy, as at 1560, within the
74:Principauté abbatiale de Stavelot-Malmedy
3851:
3687:. Crédit Communal de Belgique, Brussels,
2751:
2749:
2747:
2622:Sarah Blick; Rita Tekippe, eds. (2004).
2194:between an image of St Remaclus and the
889:, an order he confirmed on 10 June 873.
853:; this hospice differs from the abbey's
480:, which after 1500 were assigned to the
4520:Principalities of the Holy Roman Empire
3566:. Faber and Faber. pp. 67 and 69.
3108:, themselves both dukes of Luxembourg (
3048:Le Patrimoine Monumental de la Belgique
2591:Reliques et Arts Precieux en Pays Mosan
2287:Alexandre Ferrier de Tourettes (1838).
2227:
2097:
430:, sometimes known with its German name
347:
3598:
3597:
3586:
2766:Revue d'histoire de l'Église de France
442:. Princely power was exercised by the
3268:(in French). Em Devroye. p. 12.
3021:(in French). Em Devroye. p. 13.
2837:Louis Dieudonné Joseph Dewez (1817).
2738:Zwischen Venn und Schneifel, volume 9
1882:(Imperial Chamber Court), created by
961:, and restored to them the chapel in
591:founded the Abbey of Stavelot on the
306:
289:
272:
259:
246:
232:
218:
214:
7:
3143:(in German). Fredebeul & Koenen.
3140:Malmedy und die preussische Wallonie
2934:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1440:. The wars—and passage by troops of
1116:had removed the danger of Hungarian
1096:. On 1 July 960, Eraclus, bishop of
721:Development and the High Middle Ages
3425:. Uitgeverij Peeters. p. 310.
1226:, joined en route by the relics of
104:Abdijvorstendom Stavelot en Malmedy
4535:Former states in the Low Countries
3719:Official website of Stavelot Abbey
3066:this piece contains a citation to
2277:Number 67 of the princely college.
2241:La Wallonie, le Pays et les Hommes
2002:of very high quality, include the
549:. Both are currently parts of the
424:Princely Abbey of Stavelot-Malmedy
66:Princely Abbey of Stavelot-Malmedy
25:
3628:Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History
3245:Anton Friedrich BĂĽsching (1762).
3229:(in French). 1790. pp. 84–7.
1677:of Stavelot and Malmedy, and the
947:—granted the abbeys the lands of
534:, and Malmedy became part of the
532:United Kingdom of the Netherlands
530:in 1815 assigned Stavelot to the
454:, founded in 651. Along with the
401:United Kingdom of the Netherlands
4505:Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle
3774:Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle
3767:
3171:. L Grandmont-Donders. pp.
2928:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
2917:
2860:Mélanges d'archéologie médiévale
2758:"Review of François Baix's 1924
2716:Parish website of St Anthony of
2496:
2155:
2137:
2123:
2100:
1929:, one of the leading schools of
1330:The town and abbey of Stavelot,
1169:In 1065, controversy arose when
428:Principality of Stavelot-Malmedy
371:
346:
167:Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle
145:
18:Principality of Stavelot-Malmedy
4500:Historical geography of Belgium
3625:"Low Countries, 1000–1400 A.D."
3288:Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor
2474:Jean-Baptiste Chrystin (1785).
2258:Hernach volgend die zehen KrayĂź
2212:List of Carolingian monasteries
1960:at Malmedy were donated to the
1648:, on the south and east by the
1394:convent was built in Stavelot.
1130:, who was present for the 1040
885:absque netligentia et tarditate
757:, particularly thanks to abbot
3317:(in French). Panckoucke. 1788.
3102:Wenceslaus, King of the Romans
3072:. Liège-Paris. pp. 13–48.
3044:"Liège, Arrondissement de Huy"
2654:are listed in footnote 233 on
2400:Malmedy. Art et Histoire 87–97
2351:(in French). Panckoucke. 1788.
2263:(in German). 1532 – via
1378:manufacturing, manufacture of
1171:Anno II, Archbishop of Cologne
1:
3106:Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor
3042:Danielle Sarlet, ed. (1992).
2988:. More recently to the time,
2840:Abrégé de l'histoire belgique
2756:René-Norbert Sauvage (1928).
2167:
2034:
2015:
1652:and on the north-west by the
1494:had stolen over half a dozen
1331:
1128:Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor
1078:Reginar III, Count of Hainaut
716:Territory of Stavelot-Malmedy
2858:. In Danielle Sarlet (ed.).
2650:The sources contemporary to
2314:official website of Stavelot
1574:Geography and administration
1374:. Other industries included
873:ad hospital ejusdem coenobii
761:. Around 875, the relics of
3507:Morgan Library & Museum
3446:Marie-Rose Lapière (1981).
2721:(in German). Archived from
2316:(in French). Archived from
2075:Musée national du Moyen Âge
2023:Morgan Library & Museum
1476:of 14 161 thalers and
1346:Maximilian Henry of Bavaria
436:ecclesiastical principality
4551:
4219:Blankenheim and Gerolstein
3692:"Coat of arms of Stavelot"
3632:Metropolitan Museum of Art
3504:. Corsair Online Catalog.
1241:was born in the hamlet of
986:In 885, Normans extracted
792:. With the decline of the
658:, a "bad confluency". The
89:Preensdom Stavelot-Malmedy
4428:Lower Rhenish–Westphalian
4395:
3849:
3652:Godefridus Snoek (1995).
3562:Hanns Swarzenski (1975).
3290:, addressed to the abbot
3277:
3248:A new system of geography
2783:"Regnier I of Hainault".
2010:for two fragments of the
1537:French Revolutionary Wars
1060:. Having been deposed as
867:Lothair II of Lotharingia
684:de Monasterio Malmunderio
397:
325:
321:
215:
158:
142:
137:
119:FĂĽrstabtei Stablo-Malmedy
3537:Augusta State University
3089:(in French). Em Devroye.
2975:(in French). Em Devroye.
2924:Klemens Löffler (1913).
2854:Philippe Mignot (2006).
2734:and, cited therewithin,
2588:Philippe George (2003).
2546:Malmedy official website
2477:Les délices des Pays-Bas
2448:Dr Meisser, ed. (1831).
2217:Carolingian architecture
1480:of 26 000 thalers.
881:be paid to the hospital
563:Diocese of Eupen-Malmedy
4463:Unencircled territories
3609:CS1 maint: postscript (
3371:Encyclopædia Britannica
3339:Illuminated Manuscripts
3315:Encyclopédie méthodique
3165:Arsène de Noüe (1848).
2889:"Archæological remains"
2514:Encyclopædia Britannica
2349:Encyclopédie méthodique
2042:
1985:
1582:11th-century church of
1531:, the last prince-abbot
1112:over the Hungarians at
898:Godfrid, Duke of Frisia
831:Miracula sancti Remacli
3857:
3419:Judith Oliver (1988).
3278:22 September 1137, in
3271:
3262:Leclercq, ed. (1852).
3093:
3083:Leclercq, ed. (1852).
3024:
3015:Leclercq, ed. (1852).
2998:
2992:had confirmed this in
2979:
2969:Leclercq, ed. (1852).
2950:
2895:. 2004. Archived from
2652:Triumph of St Remaclus
2087:
2073:
2049:
1993:
1939:illuminated manuscript
1900:
1875:
1863:
1852:
1848:
1842:
1830:
1824:
1816:
1810:
1803:
1796:
1790:
1779:
1766:
1758:
1750:
1742:
1734:
1727:
1724:was divided into four
1720:
1712:
1704:
1697:
1689:
1681:
1672:
1663:
1656:
1635:
1626:
1620:
1611:
1603:
1598:
1592:
1584:
1555:
1549:
1541:
1532:
1527:
1506:
1497:
1490:
1461:
1454:
1418:
1408:
1403:
1356:
1350:
1337:
1319:
1313:
1307:
1293:
1287:
1279:
1253:
1243:
1232:Triumph of St Remaclus
1181:
1175:
1139:
1104:
1098:
1091:
1083:
1035:
1026:
1017:
1010:
1000:
992:
977:
969:
963:
955:
949:
925:
919:
911:
904:
884:
872:
860:
838:
830:
771:
742:
732:
717:
683:
660:
653:
645:
621:
605:
593:
585:
543:
520:
513:
501:
467:
458:
294:
118:
103:
88:
73:
3855:
3696:Heraldry of the World
3533:Christian Iconography
3392:Paul Saenger (2000).
3068:Jean Yernaux (1937).
2931:Catholic Encyclopedia
2712:"St Quirinus of Rott"
2679:Pierre Riché (1993).
2418:Pierre Riché (1993).
1894:and headquartered in
1840:
1800:. In 1768, these two
1776:, and there were the
1640:. By the time of the
1601:Based largely in the
1581:
1525:
1411:Despite the abbacy's
1400:
1329:
1126:
1074:archbishop of Cologne
877:, ordered that local
820:, dukes of Lorraine.
810:Adalard the Seneschal
738:
728:
715:
581:
201:Elective principality
4530:Southern Netherlands
3683:Max Servais (1955).
3529:"Stavelot Reliquary"
3502:"Stavelot Reliquary"
3137:Tony Kellen (1897).
2542:"Growth and History"
2070:(1160–70) is in the
1884:Emperor Maximilian I
1808:were exchanged with
1263:counts of Luxembourg
1205:; they processed to
1173:, named Tegernon of
806:archbishop of Rheims
559:Treaty of Versailles
478:Austrian Netherlands
465:Prince-Bishopric of
4442:Circles est. 1512:
4414:Circles est. 1500:
3776:(1500–1806) of the
3662:. pp. 210–11.
2813:The Annals of Fulda
2320:on 11 February 2012
2006:, a portable altar
1987:Godefroid de Claire
1954:Romanesque painting
1877:Reichskammergericht
1650:duchy of Luxembourg
1486:Spanish Netherlands
1442:Brandenburg-Prussia
1426:Louis XIV of France
1390:baking. In 1659, a
1084:Annales Stabulensis
1062:duke of Lotharingia
1058:Hungarian invasions
865:. On 13 April 862,
646:Mal(u)mund(a)-arium
629:Mayor of the Palace
474:Spanish Netherlands
367:Ourthe (department)
292:• Creation of
44: /
4490:651 establishments
4410:
4403:
4399:
4156:Salm-Reifferscheid
3858:
3729:2016-04-01 at the
3724:History of Malmedy
3197:Flags of the World
2893:Abbaye de Stavelot
2393:Flags of the World
1853:
1599:
1533:
1438:Franco-Spanish War
1409:
1404:Alexandre Delmotte
1338:
1259:Emperor Charles IV
1148:Holy Roman Emperor
1140:
953:, a dependency of
861:hospitale coenobii
845:, the monastery's
794:Carolingian Empire
743:
733:
718:
633:Grimoald the Elder
586:
555:Belgian Revolution
551:Kingdom of Belgium
528:Congress of Vienna
413:JĂĽlich-Cleves-Berg
354:Carolingian Empire
311:Congress of Vienna
4472:
4471:
4456:Electoral Rhenish
4412:status uncertain
4383:
4340:
4339:
4283:
4199:
4132:
4117:
4094:
4086:
4063:
4055:
4047:
4039:
4031:
4018:
3975:Nassau-Dillenburg
3961:
3953:
3844:
3836:
3798:
3778:Holy Roman Empire
3669:978-90-04-10263-7
3599:|postscript=
3596:External link in
3573:978-0-571-10588-5
3543:on 6 October 2008
3459:978-2-251-66229-9
3432:978-90-6831-131-0
3405:978-0-8047-4016-6
3061:978-2-87009-487-7
2899:on 17 August 2009
2869:978-2-87009-938-4
2823:978-0-7190-3458-9
2692:978-0-8122-1342-3
2645:978-90-04-12332-8
2601:978-2-87130-121-9
2431:978-0-8122-1342-3
2162:Retable with the
2145:Christ in Majesty
2131:Stavelot Triptych
2031:Pope Alexander II
2004:Stavelot Triptych
1740:(7 communities),
1642:French Revolution
1220:Pope Alexander II
1155:Emperor Henry III
892:In December 881,
482:Burgundian Circle
440:Holy Roman Empire
420:
419:
383:
382:
379:
378:
359:
358:
182:Holy Roman Empire
16:(Redirected from
4542:
4411:
4405:without seat in
4404:
4400:
4381:
4281:
4249:Kerpen-Lommersum
4197:
4130:
4115:
4092:
4084:
4061:
4053:
4045:
4037:
4029:
4016:
3999:
3959:
3951:
3893:Stavelot–Malmedy
3842:
3834:
3796:
3772:
3771:
3770:
3760:
3753:
3746:
3737:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3702:
3688:
3680:
3674:
3673:
3660:Brill Publishers
3649:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3621:
3615:
3614:
3607:
3601:
3600:
3594:
3592:
3584:
3559:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3548:
3539:. Archived from
3525:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3514:
3498:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3487:
3473:
3464:
3463:
3443:
3437:
3436:
3416:
3410:
3409:
3389:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3378:
3362:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3351:
3342:. Archived from
3329:"Stavelot Bible"
3325:
3319:
3318:
3307:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3275:
3259:
3253:
3252:
3242:
3231:
3230:
3221:
3215:
3214:
3205:
3199:
3190:
3177:
3176:
3162:
3145:
3144:
3134:
3125:
3096:
3090:
3080:
3074:
3073:
3065:
3039:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3012:
3006:
3001:
2990:Emperor Henry IV
2983:
2976:
2966:
2960:
2953:
2945:
2936:
2935:
2921:
2920:
2915:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2885:
2874:
2873:
2851:
2845:
2844:
2834:
2828:
2827:
2800:
2794:
2788:
2780:
2774:
2773:
2753:
2742:
2741:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2708:
2697:
2696:
2682:The Carolingians
2676:
2670:
2669:
2649:
2628:Brill Publishers
2619:
2606:
2605:
2585:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2548:. Archived from
2538:
2519:
2518:
2502:
2500:
2499:
2493:
2482:
2481:
2471:
2458:
2457:
2445:
2436:
2435:
2421:The Carolingians
2415:
2406:
2404:
2386:
2353:
2352:
2341:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2306:
2295:
2294:
2284:
2278:
2275:
2269:
2268:
2262:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2235:
2172:
2169:
2159:
2141:
2127:
2104:
2090:
2078:
2052:
2045:
2039:
2036:
2020:
2017:
1998:
1990:
1968:, including the
1933:, especially in
1906:(1527–1693) and
1905:
1880:
1866:
1851:
1845:
1833:
1827:
1821:
1813:
1806:
1799:
1793:
1782:
1771:
1763:
1755:
1747:
1739:
1730:
1723:
1718:. The county of
1717:
1709:
1700:
1692:
1684:
1675:
1668:
1659:
1646:duchy of Limburg
1638:
1629:
1623:
1616:
1608:
1597:
1589:
1561:
1552:
1546:
1530:
1511:
1500:
1493:
1466:
1457:
1423:
1406:
1361:
1353:
1348:(also bishop of
1336:
1333:
1322:
1316:
1310:
1296:
1290:
1284:
1269:Early Modern Age
1256:
1246:
1184:
1178:
1107:
1101:
1094:
1086:
1046:Ottonian dynasty
1038:
1029:
1027:Miracula Remacli
1022:
1013:
1005:
997:
982:
974:
966:
960:
952:
930:
922:
917:, in the French
916:
907:
887:
875:
863:
843:
833:
790:forest clearance
779:Charles the Bald
776:
665:
656:
648:
626:
610:
598:
553:—since the 1830
548:
525:
516:
504:
470:
461:
375:
374:
363:
362:
350:
349:
343:
342:
327:
326:
299:
163:
149:
129:
121:
114:
106:
99:
91:
84:
76:
62:
59:
58:
56:
55:
54:
49:
48:50.383°N 5.933°E
45:
42:
41:
40:
37:
21:
4550:
4549:
4545:
4544:
4543:
4541:
4540:
4539:
4485:Imperial abbeys
4475:
4474:
4473:
4468:
4467:
4409:
4402:
4398:
4391:
4336:
4292:
4286:
4202:
3984:
3907:
3859:
3847:
3780:
3768:
3766:
3764:
3731:Wayback Machine
3715:
3710:
3700:
3698:
3690:
3682:
3681:
3677:
3670:
3651:
3650:
3646:
3636:
3634:
3623:
3622:
3618:
3608:
3595:
3585:
3574:
3561:
3560:
3556:
3546:
3544:
3527:
3526:
3522:
3512:
3510:
3500:
3499:
3495:
3485:
3483:
3475:
3474:
3467:
3460:
3445:
3444:
3440:
3433:
3418:
3417:
3413:
3406:
3391:
3390:
3386:
3376:
3374:
3364:
3363:
3359:
3349:
3347:
3346:on 27 June 2022
3335:British Library
3327:
3326:
3322:
3309:
3308:
3301:
3261:
3260:
3256:
3244:
3243:
3234:
3223:
3222:
3218:
3207:
3206:
3202:
3191:
3180:
3164:
3163:
3148:
3136:
3135:
3128:
3104:and in 1417 by
3082:
3081:
3077:
3067:
3062:
3041:
3040:
3033:
3014:
3013:
3009:
2968:
2967:
2963:
2946:
2939:
2923:
2918:
2916:
2912:
2902:
2900:
2887:
2886:
2877:
2870:
2853:
2852:
2848:
2836:
2835:
2831:
2824:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2787:. p. 1929,
2782:
2781:
2777:
2755:
2754:
2745:
2735:
2728:
2726:
2725:on 18 July 2011
2710:
2709:
2700:
2693:
2678:
2677:
2673:
2659:
2646:
2621:
2620:
2609:
2602:
2587:
2586:
2565:
2555:
2553:
2552:on 1 April 2016
2540:
2539:
2522:
2507:, ed. (1911). "
2503:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2485:
2473:
2472:
2461:
2447:
2446:
2439:
2432:
2417:
2416:
2409:
2396:
2387:
2356:
2343:
2342:
2333:
2323:
2321:
2308:
2307:
2298:
2286:
2285:
2281:
2276:
2272:
2254:
2253:
2249:
2237:
2236:
2229:
2225:
2208:
2184:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2166:from Stavelot,
2160:
2151:
2142:
2133:
2128:
2119:
2105:
2037:
2018:
1962:Vatican Library
1946:British Library
1923:
1915:Rhenish guilder
1576:
1520:
1430:Nine Years' War
1420:Nicolas Catinat
1334:
1271:
1251:to be built in
1144:Poppo of Deinze
1136:Poppo of Deinze
1070:Bruno the Great
967:(now a part of
937:Charles the Fat
913:Bogny-sur-Meuse
909:in present-day
723:
576:
571:
489:Imperial Circle
416:
372:
314:
300:
283:
266:
253:
251:Poppo of Deinze
240:
226:
169:
154:
153:
150:
133:
132:
123:
108:
93:
78:
67:
52:
50:
46:
43:
38:
35:
33:
31:
30:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4548:
4546:
4538:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4477:
4476:
4470:
4469:
4466:
4465:
4459:
4439:
4396:
4393:
4392:
4390:
4389:
4384:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4350:
4348:
4342:
4341:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4323:
4322:
4317:
4307:
4302:
4296:
4294:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4284:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4210:
4208:
4204:
4203:
4201:
4200:
4192:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4125:
4120:
4119:
4118:
4110:
4105:
4095:
4087:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4056:
4048:
4040:
4032:
4024:
4019:
4011:
4005:
4003:
3996:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3954:
3946:
3937:
3932:
3923:
3917:
3915:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3888:KornelimĂĽnster
3885:
3880:
3875:
3869:
3867:
3861:
3860:
3850:
3848:
3846:
3845:
3837:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3790:
3788:
3786:Prince-bishops
3782:
3781:
3765:
3763:
3762:
3755:
3748:
3740:
3734:
3733:
3721:
3714:
3713:External links
3711:
3709:
3708:
3675:
3668:
3644:
3616:
3576:, and plates:
3572:
3554:
3520:
3493:
3465:
3458:
3438:
3431:
3411:
3404:
3384:
3357:
3320:
3299:
3254:
3232:
3216:
3200:
3178:
3146:
3126:
3075:
3060:
3031:
3007:
2977:For example: "
2961:
2937:
2910:
2875:
2868:
2846:
2829:
2822:
2808:Timothy Reuter
2795:
2775:
2743:
2698:
2691:
2671:
2644:
2607:
2600:
2563:
2520:
2505:Chisholm, Hugh
2483:
2459:
2437:
2430:
2407:
2354:
2331:
2296:
2279:
2270:
2247:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2207:
2204:
2183:
2180:
2175:
2174:
2161:
2154:
2152:
2149:Stavelot Bible
2143:
2136:
2134:
2129:
2122:
2120:
2106:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2094:
2093:
2050:Cinquantenaire
2040:, possibly by
2021:, (now in the
1942:Stavelot Bible
1931:Romanesque art
1922:
1919:
1654:marquisate of
1621:arrondissement
1575:
1572:
1519:
1516:
1508:Reichsmatrikel
1446:Dutch Republic
1270:
1267:
1066:Conrad the Red
730:Stavelot Abbey
722:
719:
666:was partially
589:Saint Remaclus
583:Saint Remaclus
575:
572:
570:
567:
418:
417:
399:* Stavelot to
398:
395:
394:
389:
385:
384:
381:
380:
377:
376:
369:
360:
357:
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351:
339:
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333:
323:
322:
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315:
308:
305:
304:
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291:
288:
287:
284:
274:
271:
270:
267:
261:
258:
257:
254:
248:
245:
244:
241:
239:abbey founded
234:
231:
230:
227:
220:
217:
216:
213:
212:
207:
206:Historical era
203:
202:
199:
195:
194:
189:
185:
184:
178:Imperial Abbey
175:
171:
170:
164:
156:
155:
151:
144:
143:
140:
139:
135:
134:
131:
130:
115:
100:
85:
69:
68:
65:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4547:
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4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
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4480:
4464:
4460:
4457:
4453:
4449:
4445:
4441:
4440:
4438:
4437:
4436:(Lower) Saxon
4433:
4429:
4425:
4424:Upper Rhenish
4421:
4417:
4408:
4407:Imperial Diet
4394:
4388:
4385:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
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4343:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4312:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4289:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4211:
4209:
4205:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4100:
4099:
4096:
4091:
4088:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4060:
4057:
4052:
4049:
4044:
4041:
4036:
4033:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4006:
4004:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3991:
3987:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3958:
3955:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3916:
3914:
3910:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3870:
3868:
3866:
3865:Prince-abbots
3862:
3854:
3841:
3838:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3795:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3761:
3756:
3754:
3749:
3747:
3742:
3741:
3738:
3732:
3728:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3716:
3712:
3697:
3693:
3686:
3679:
3676:
3671:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3656:
3648:
3645:
3633:
3629:
3626:
3620:
3617:
3612:
3605:
3590:
3583:
3582:another image
3579:
3575:
3569:
3565:
3558:
3555:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3524:
3521:
3509:
3508:
3503:
3497:
3494:
3482:
3478:
3472:
3470:
3466:
3461:
3455:
3451:
3450:
3442:
3439:
3434:
3428:
3424:
3423:
3415:
3412:
3407:
3401:
3397:
3396:
3388:
3385:
3373:
3372:
3367:
3361:
3358:
3345:
3341:
3340:
3337:Catalogue of
3336:
3330:
3324:
3321:
3316:
3312:
3306:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3274:
3267:
3266:
3258:
3255:
3250:
3249:
3241:
3239:
3237:
3233:
3228:
3227:
3220:
3217:
3212:
3211:
3204:
3201:
3198:
3194:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3179:
3174:
3170:
3169:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3142:
3141:
3133:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3091:For example:
3088:
3087:
3079:
3076:
3071:
3063:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3026:
3020:
3019:
3011:
3008:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2982:
2974:
2973:
2965:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2952:
2951:Vita Popponis
2944:
2942:
2938:
2933:
2932:
2927:
2914:
2911:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2876:
2871:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2850:
2847:
2842:
2841:
2833:
2830:
2825:
2819:
2815:
2814:
2809:
2805:
2799:
2796:
2792:
2786:
2779:
2776:
2771:
2768:(in French).
2767:
2763:
2761:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2739:
2724:
2720:
2719:
2713:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2694:
2688:
2684:
2683:
2675:
2672:
2667:
2663:
2657:
2653:
2647:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2608:
2603:
2597:
2593:
2592:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2521:
2516:
2515:
2510:
2506:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2484:
2479:
2478:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2460:
2455:
2451:
2444:
2442:
2438:
2433:
2427:
2423:
2422:
2414:
2412:
2408:
2402:
2401:
2394:
2390:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2350:
2346:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2332:
2319:
2315:
2311:
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2303:
2301:
2297:
2292:
2291:
2283:
2280:
2274:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2259:
2251:
2248:
2243:
2242:
2234:
2232:
2228:
2222:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2181:
2165:
2158:
2153:
2150:
2146:
2140:
2135:
2132:
2126:
2121:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2103:
2098:
2092:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2069:
2065:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2051:
2044:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1996:
1989:
1988:
1982:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1970:Malmedy Bible
1967:
1966:Pope Pius VII
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1911:
1910:(1693–1806).
1909:
1904:
1903:
1898:(1495–1527),
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1871:
1867:
1865:
1859:
1850:
1844:
1839:
1835:
1832:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1812:
1807:
1805:
1798:
1792:
1787:
1783:
1781:
1775:
1770:
1769:
1762:
1761:
1754:
1753:
1746:
1745:
1738:
1737:
1731:
1729:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1714:Francorchamps
1708:
1707:
1701:
1699:
1693:
1691:
1685:
1683:
1676:
1674:
1667:
1666:
1660:
1658:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1637:
1630:
1628:
1622:
1615:
1614:
1607:
1606:
1596:
1595:
1588:
1587:
1580:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1560:
1559:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1538:
1529:
1528:CĂ©lestin Thys
1524:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1509:
1501:
1499:
1492:
1487:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1465:
1464:
1456:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1428:, during the
1427:
1424:, general to
1422:
1421:
1414:
1405:
1401:Prince-abbot
1399:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1360:
1359:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1328:
1324:
1321:
1315:
1309:
1304:
1300:
1295:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1276:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1218:to appeal to
1217:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1160:Saint Laurent
1156:
1152:
1149:
1145:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1106:
1100:
1095:
1093:
1087:
1085:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1052:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1037:
1030:
1028:
1021:
1020:
1014:
1012:
1004:
1003:
996:
995:
989:
984:
981:
980:
973:
972:
965:
959:
958:
951:
946:
942:
938:
934:
929:
928:
921:
915:
914:
908:
906:
899:
895:
890:
888:
886:
880:
876:
874:
868:
864:
862:
856:
852:
848:
844:
842:
841:
834:
832:
826:
821:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
788:, along with
787:
782:
780:
775:
774:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
741:
740:Malmedy Abbey
737:
731:
727:
720:
714:
710:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
687:
685:
681:
677:
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614:
609:
608:
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574:Establishment
573:
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566:
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560:
557:and the 1919
556:
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546:
545:Eupen-Malmedy
540:
537:
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524:
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515:
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496:Imperial Diet
492:
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486:Lower Rhenish
483:
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414:
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388:Today part of
386:
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298:
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285:
282:
278:
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262:• Abbot
255:
252:
249:• Abbot
242:
238:
228:
225:abb. founded
224:
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4282:(until 1548)
4198:(until 1548)
4146:Reichenstein
4131:(until 1548)
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4093:(until 1541)
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4082:Manderscheid
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2897:the original
2892:
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2318:the original
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2257:
2250:
2240:
2188:coat of arms
2185:
2182:Coat of arms
2109:St Sebastian
2071:
1978:
1974:lectionaries
1969:
1944:(now in the
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1912:
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1861:
1854:
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1768:Bernardfagne
1725:
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1687:
1673:postelleries
1670:
1633:province of
1600:
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1482:
1463:Reichsthaler
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1343:
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1281:Manderscheid
1272:
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1228:St Symmetrus
1168:
1141:
1132:consecration
1089:
1081:
1055:
1051:Saint Gereon
1024:
985:
896:, including
891:
882:
870:
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836:
835:mention the
828:
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783:
744:
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676:Childeric II
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613:Sigebert III
587:
508:
502:votum virile
499:
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476:, later the
431:
427:
423:
421:
411:province of
336:Succeeded by
335:
330:
152:Coat of arms
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4452:Upper Saxon
4401:until 1648
4327:Spiegelberg
4300:Delmenhorst
4171:Tecklenburg
4035:East Frisia
3935:East Frisia
3701:26 December
3637:26 December
3578:photos here
3547:26 December
3377:26 December
3350:26 December
3284:Golden bull
2981:monastères.
2729:26 December
2630:. pp.
2556:26 December
2324:26 December
2171: 1170
2059:). A gold
2038: 1150
2019: 1156
1964:in 1816 by
1958:scriptorium
1950:scriptorium
1804:seigneuries
1780:seigneuries
1690:postellerie
1657:Franchimont
1558:Vendémiaire
1543:Franchimont
1535:During the
1498:seigneuries
1407:(1753–1766)
1388:gingerbread
1368:Papermaking
1366:in Europe.
1335: 1735
1244:Chevrouheid
1040:—including
1033:bishops of
840:xenodochium
763:St Quirinus
755:Lotharingia
672:St Benedict
514:département
444:Benedictine
331:Preceded by
317:9 June 1815
210:Middle Ages
51: /
4479:Categories
4448:Burgundian
4432:Franconian
4397:from 1648
4310:Schaumburg
4254:Myllendonk
4239:Hallermund
4166:Schaumburg
4141:Ravensberg
4128:Overijssel
4113:Dillenburg
4014:Bronkhorst
3276:(English:
2996:in 1065: "
2926:"St Poppo"
2450:"Stavelot"
2395:, notably
2345:"Stavelot"
2265:Wikisource
2223:References
2107:Statue of
2046:(both now
2012:True Cross
1679:county of
1568:Romanesque
1434:city walls
1413:neutrality
1380:chess sets
1358:Hildesheim
1224:St Lambert
1176:Brauweiler
1019:Chèvremont
1008:county of
902:county of
823:Welcoming
798:lay abbots
786:evangelism
767:translated
751:abdication
615:, king of
198:Government
96:Limburgish
4332:Steinfurt
4293:uncertain
4264:Schleiden
4244:Holzappel
4234:Gronsfeld
4207:From 1792
4190:Beilstein
4186:Winneburg
4176:Virneburg
4123:Oldenburg
4043:Groningen
4002:From 1500
3957:Luxemburg
3827:Paderborn
3822:OsnabrĂĽck
3689:cited in
3589:cite book
3486:5 January
3481:Grove Art
3311:"Malmedy"
3118:Leopold I
2789:cited in
2668:: 367–70.
2310:"History"
2164:Pentecost
2147:from the
2113:reliquary
2083:Frankfurt
2068:Pentecost
2043:Godefroid
2008:reliquary
1995:champlevé
1935:goldsmith
1927:Mosan art
1896:Frankfurt
1794:, in the
1786:Anthisnes
1760:Louveigné
1728:quartiers
1594:Xhignesse
1586:St MĂ©dard
1564:cloisters
1518:Abolition
1372:gunpowder
1273:In 1509,
1237:In 1098,
1164:apsidiole
1088:reports:
957:Louveigné
941:Alemannia
851:devotions
818:Giselbert
759:Christian
668:canalised
662:Warchenne
640:etymology
617:Austrasia
456:Duchy of
434:, was an
4515:Stavelot
4444:Austrian
4416:Bavarian
4369:Duisburg
4364:Dortmund
4305:Fagnolle
4269:Wickrath
4259:Reckheim
4151:Rietberg
4051:Guelders
4022:Diepholz
4009:Bentheim
3949:Guelders
3921:Arenberg
3727:Archived
3477:"Wibald"
3193:Stavelot
3116:Emperor
3114:Habsburg
2903:22 March
2810:(1992).
2656:page 742
2206:See also
2192:fesswise
2117:Remaclus
2057:Brussels
2027:New York
1972:and two
1892:Mechelen
1858:absolute
1849:Ardennes
1825:Sclessin
1774:exclaves
1756:(5) and
1752:Comblain
1661:and the
1627:Verviers
1474:interest
1470:Verviers
1392:Capuchin
1384:dominoes
1308:Lierneux
1299:Quirinus
1294:Babolene
1203:Fritzlar
1191:Henry IV
1151:Henry II
1114:Lechfeld
971:Lierneux
920:Ardennes
855:hospital
825:pilgrims
745:In 747,
623:Ardennes
607:Tongeren
539:district
536:Prussian
463:and the
459:Bouillon
448:Stavelot
409:Prussian
237:Stavelot
192:Stavelot
138:651–1795
4510:Malmedy
4461:
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4387:Warburg
4374:Herford
4359:Cologne
4279:Utrecht
4229:Gimborn
4195:Zutphen
4136:Pyrmont
4108:Hadamar
4027:Drenthe
3913:Secular
3883:Herford
3832:Utrecht
3817:MĂĽnster
3794:Cambrai
3122:page 46
3110:page 15
3098:page 14
3004:page 10
2509:Malmedy
2389:Malmedy
2066:of the
2064:retable
2000:enamels
1908:Wetzlar
1797:Confroz
1744:Ocquier
1665:Condroz
1631:in the
1605:Amblève
1570:abbey.
1478:arrears
1364:tanning
1354:and of
1275:William
1211:Bamberg
1207:Bitburg
1187:crosier
994:Hesbaye
950:Blendef
905:Porcien
894:Normans
847:hospice
814:Reginar
601:Cologne
595:Amblève
569:History
511:French
452:Malmedy
438:of the
426:, also
405:Malmedy
392:Belgium
309:•
277:Annexed
275:•
269:1130–58
256:1020–48
235:•
223:Malmedy
221:•
188:Capital
180:of the
36:50°23′N
4458:
4379:Verden
4354:Aachen
4346:Cities
4291:Status
4274:Wittem
4214:Anholt
4098:Nassau
4072:Lingen
3990:Counts
3980:Verden
3965:Minden
3940:JĂĽlich
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3903:Werden
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3840:Verden
3812:Minden
3802:Corvey
3666:
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3280:Aquino
3058:
2986:page 8
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2642:
2636:739–43
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2428:
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2061:relief
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1981:Wibald
1979:Abbot
1902:Speyer
1831:Ougrée
1828:, and
1736:Hamoir
1706:Waimes
1613:Ourthe
1452:, and
1450:France
1444:, the
1386:, and
1376:cotton
1249:castle
1239:Wibald
1199:Aachen
1195:Goslar
1110:Otto I
1080:. The
1076:, and
1042:Notker
1023:; the
988:ransom
943:, and
933:Aachen
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812:, and
707:relics
705:. The
701:, and
695:Martin
691:Godwin
526:. The
522:Ourthe
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296:Ourthe
281:France
264:Wibald
174:Status
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2994:Trier
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1870:taxes
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769:from
765:were
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680:Latin
468:Liège
111:Dutch
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3930:Mark
3703:2009
3664:ISBN
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3611:link
3604:help
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3549:2009
3515:2019
3488:2010
3454:ISBN
3427:ISBN
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2947:The
2905:2017
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2731:2009
2687:ISBN
2666:VIII
2640:ISBN
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2426:ISBN
2326:2009
2196:wolf
2186:The
2111:and
1890:and
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1788:and
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