69:
2602:
468:
2160:
1969:
1639:
2577:
913:
1809:, the LDS Church did not ordain men or boys who were of black African descent. The LDS Church does not ordain women to any of its priesthood offices. The Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (now the Community of Christ), the second largest denomination of the movement, began ordaining women to all of its priesthood offices in 1984. This decision was one of the reasons that led to a schism in the church, which prompted the formation of the independent
2316:
2622:
1332:
1217:
95:. They also have the authority or power to administer religious rites; in particular, rites of sacrifice to, and propitiation of, a deity or deities. Their office or position is the "priesthood", a term which also may apply to such persons collectively. A priest may have the duty to hear confessions periodically, give marriage counseling, provide prenuptial counseling, give spiritual direction, teach
1684:
traditional
Catholic governance of deacon, presbyter, and bishop. The Lutheran archbishops of Finland, Sweden, etc. and Baltic countries are the historic national primates and some ancient cathedrals and parishes in the Lutheran church were constructed many centuries before the Reformation. Indeed, ecumenical work within the Anglican Communion and among Scandinavian Lutherans mutually recognize the
51:
2219:
1735:
1202:
36:
3743:
1496:
454:
2186:(fire, water, soil, wood, and metal p. 53) school of ancient Chinese philosophy, as they relate to marriage, death, festival cycles, and so on. The Taoist priest seeks to share the benefits of meditation with his or her community through public ritual and liturgy (p. 326). In the ancient priesthood before the Tang, the priest was called
2786:"sector ministry", that is to say that they specialize in a certain area of ministry within the local church, for example youth work, hospital work, or ministry to local light industry. They may also hold some diocesan appointment part-time. In most (though not all) cases, an assistant priest has the legal status of
180:. The question of which religions have a "priest" depends on how the titles of leaders are used or translated into English. In some cases, leaders are more like those that other believers will often turn to for advice on spiritual matters, and less of a "person authorized to perform the sacred rituals." For example,
1683:
in order to dismiss the medieval
Christian belief that Christians were to be divided into two classes: "spiritual" and "temporal" or non-spiritual. Conservative Lutheran reforms are reflected in the theological and practical view of the ministry of the church. Much of European Lutheranism follows the
777:
in which the gods were believed to take up residence and performing other rituals for their benefit. Little is known about what training may have been required of priests, and the selection of personnel for positions was affected by a tangled set of traditions, although the pharaoh had the final say.
2816:
or temple (either a high priestess or high priest) often appoints an assistant. This assistant is often called a 'deputy', but the more traditional terms 'maiden' (when female and assisting a high priestess) and 'summoner' (when male and assisting a high priest) are still used in many denominations.
2633:
The dress of religious workers in ancient times may be demonstrated in frescoes and artifacts from the cultures. The dress is presumed to be related to the customary clothing of the culture, with some symbol of the deity worn on the head or held by the person. Sometimes special colors, materials, or
1785:
and apostles were performed by the power of the priesthood, including the miracles of Jesus, who holds all of the keys of the priesthood. The priesthood is formally known as the "Priesthood after the Order of the Son of God", but to avoid the too frequent use of the name of deity, the priesthood is
2785:
An assistant priest is a priest in the
Anglican and Episcopal churches who is not the senior member of clergy of the parish to which they are appointed, but is nonetheless in priests' orders; there is no difference in function or theology, merely in 'grade' or 'rank'. Some assistant priests have a
2701:
Distinctive clerical clothing is less often worn in modern times than formerly, and in many cases it is rare for a priest to wear it when not acting in a pastoral capacity, especially in countries that view themselves as largely secular in nature. There are frequent exceptions to this however, and
236:
In many religions, being a priest or priestess is a full-time position, ruling out any other career. Many
Christian priests and pastors choose or are mandated to dedicate themselves to their churches and receive their living directly from their churches. In other cases, it is a part-time role. For
2641:
Occasionally, the celebrants at religious ceremonies shed all clothes in a symbolic gesture of purity. This was often the case in ancient times. An example of this is shown to the left on a Kylix dating from c. 500 BC where a priestess is featured. Modern religious groups tend to avoid such
1416:". Thus marriage is a sacrament administered by the couple to themselves, but may be witnessed and blessed by a deacon, or priest (who usually administers the ceremony). In the East, Holy Baptism and Marriage (which is called "Crowning") may be performed only by a priest. If a person is baptized
147:
or deities of the religion to which they subscribe, often interpreting the meaning of events and performing the rituals of the religion. There is no common definition of the duties of priesthood between faiths; but generally it includes mediating the relationship between one's congregation,
1573:
traditions, have allowed the ordination of women as priests (referred to as "priests" not "priestesses") in some provinces since 1971. This practice remains controversial, however; a minority of provinces (10 out of the 38 worldwide) retain an all-male priesthood. Most
1168:
community in Israel had little direct contact with other Jewish groups after the destruction of the temple and developed separately for almost two thousand years. While some Beta Israel now follow
Rabbinical Jewish practices, the Ethiopian Jewish religious tradition
2736:), which is often worn by worshipers during religious rites. Among those traditions of Wicca that do dictate a specific form of dress for its clergy, they usually wear the traditional tunic in addition to other articles of clothing (such as an open-fronted
3659:
Leppänen also became the first woman from the
Conservative Laestadian movement (a revival movement within the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland) to be ordained as a priest in 2012. The first female priests were ordained in Finland 32 years
2593:, several denominations of the religion have begun to develop a core group of ordained priestesses and priests serving a larger laity. This trend is far from widespread, but is gaining acceptance due to increased interest in the religion.
1470:
In
Orthodoxy, the normal minimum age is thirty (Can. 11 of Neocaesarea) but a bishop may dispense with this if needed. In neither tradition may priests marry after ordination. In the Catholic Church, priests in the Latin Church must be
2724:, there is no one specific form of dress designated for the clergy. If there is, it is a particular of the denomination in question, and not a universal practice. However, there is a traditional form of dress, (usually a floor-length
4424:
2479:
may be named Ifáyemi. This traditional culture continues to this day as initiates from all around the world return to
Nigeria for initiation into the priesthood, and varied derivative sects in the New World (such as
2588:
beliefs, every member of the religion is considered a priestess or priest, as it is believed that no person can stand between another and the divine. However, in response to the growing number of Wiccan temples and
793:
High-ranking priestly roles were usually held by men. Women were generally relegated to lower positions in the temple hierarchy, although some held specialized and influential positions, especially that of the
2190:("libationer" p. 550), with both male and female practitioners selected by merit. The system gradually changed into a male only hereditary Taoist priesthood until more recent times (p. 550,551).
3371:
1794:
paid tithes). As an authority, the priesthood is the authority by which a bearer may perform ecclesiastical acts of service in the name of God. Latter Day Saints believe that acts (and in particular,
3263:, University of Texas Press, 1996, pp. 4–5, 9, 20 (historical overview and Aventine priesthoods), 84–89 (functions of plebeian aediles), 104–106 (women as priestesses): citing among others Cicero,
4417:
2118:
While only men have traditionally been ordained as priests in the past, recent developments such as feminism in India have led to the opening of training schools for women to become priests.
123:. The necessity to read sacred texts and keep temple or church records helped foster literacy in many early societies. Priests exist in many religions today, such as all or some branches of
1602:
is the official title of a member of the presbyterate in every
Anglican province worldwide (retained by the Elizabethan Settlement), the ordination rite of certain provinces (including the
431:, was coined in the 17th century, to refer to female priests of the pre-Christian religions of classical antiquity. In the 20th century, the word was used in controversies surrounding the
1420:(i.e., when in fear of immediate death), only the actual threefold immersion together with the scriptural words may be performed by a layperson or deacon. The remainder of the rite, and
1412:
may be celebrated by anyone. The
Vatican catechism states that "According to Latin tradition, the spouses as ministers of Christ's grace mutually confer upon each other the sacrament of
3688:
In Finland, a priest of the Lutheran church is forbidden to reveal a secret received in confession and in the course of pastoral counselling; a similar rule applies to Orthodox priests.
3700:
1483:, but in neither case may they marry after ordination, even if they become widowed. Candidates for bishop are chosen only from among the celibate. Orthodox priests will either wear a
2471:
are titled Babalorisa for men and Iyalorisa for women. Initiates are also given an Orisa or Ifá name that signifies under which deity they are initiated. For example, a Priestess of
4410:
3487:
in 1980, said Grandon, director of catechetics for the diocese. His family life will remain the same, he said. Contrary to popular misunderstandings, he won't have to be celibate.
1692:. Likewise in America, Lutherans have embraced the apostolic succession of bishops in the full communion with Episcopalians and most Lutheran ordinations are performed by a bishop.
567:), were top-ranking priests who were distinguished with special ceremonial attire and held equal status to high priests. They owned property, transacted business, and initiated the
4027:
1565:—bishops, priests, and deacons who are not members of religious orders—are permitted to marry before or after ordination (although in most provinces they are not permitted to
2653:
among many ranks of contemporary priests when they officiate may be interpreted to express the ancient traditions of the cultures from which their religious practices arose.
1814:
1091:
2706:
often instructed Catholic priests and religious to always wear their distinctive (clerical) clothing, unless wearing it would result in persecution or grave verbal attacks.
2151:, the priesthood is reserved for men and is a mostly hereditary position, but women have been ordained in Iran and North America as a mobedyar, meaning an assistant mobed.
1802:
4131:
2852:
2805:) of a parish in the pastoral care of parishioners. Normally, all pastors are also ordained priests; occasionally an auxiliary bishop will be assigned that role.
1679:
1892:
All Mandaean communities traditionally require the presence of a priest, since priests are required to officiate over all important religious rituals, including
2606:
432:
168:
in faiths where such a concept exists. Administering religious building grounds and office affairs and papers, including any religious library or collection of
164:
of the faith at any regular worship service, and mediating and easing the experience of grief and death at funerals – maintaining a spiritual connection to the
3089:
3781:
1443:
minimum age is twenty-five. Bishops may dispense with this rule and ordain men up to one year younger. Dispensations of more than a year are reserved to the
1703:, ordained presbyters are referred to by various publications, including Finnish ones, as pastors, or priests. In the United States, denominations like the
4377:
2698:(Russian). If a pectoral cross has been awarded it is usually worn with street clothes in the Russian tradition, but not so often in the Greek tradition.
1585:
includes priests who consider themselves no different in any respect from those of the Roman Catholic Church, and a minority who prefer to use the title
3064:
3641:
262:
In some religions, being a priest or priestess is by human election or human choice. In Judaism, the priesthood is inherited in familial lines. In a
1126:, have been retained. Especially in Orthodox Judaism, kohanim remain subject to a number of restrictions concerning matters related to marriage and
2702:
many priests rarely if ever go out in public without it, especially in countries where their religion makes up a clear majority of the population.
1835:
priesthood. There are, however, a variety of academic and administrative offices which have evolved to assist Muslims with this task, such as the
2660:, a distinctive form of street dress. Even within individual traditions it varies considerably in form, depending on the specific occasion. In
1700:
4189:
4156:
4107:
3922:
3895:
3868:
3841:
3681:
3349:
3140:
3015:
1960:. The position is not hereditary, and any Mandaean male who is highly knowledgeable about religious matters is eligible to become a priest.
1326:
585:. They were recruited from the highest families in the land and were supposed to remain childless, owned property, and transacted business.
836:, drawn from women of local and Roman elites. It was the only public priesthood attainable by Roman matrons and was held in great honor.
4512:
4035:
3782:"Reading the Story of Miriai on Two Levels: Evidence from Mandaean Anti-Jewish Polemic about the Origins and Setting of Early Mandaeism"
1049:, the great-grandfather of Aaron) and in twenty-four instances are called by scripture as such. In Hebrew, the word for "priesthood" is
949:
4236:
2601:
1704:
68:
3972:
2871:
1433:
1424:, must still be performed by a priest, if the person survives. The only sacrament which may be celebrated only by a bishop is that of
306:
1475:
except under special rules for married clergy converting from certain other Christian confessions. Married men may become priests in
3984:
3951:
3756:
3415:
3228:
3198:
3048:
2302:
1322:
1064:
KWN/KON כ-ו-ן 'to stand, to be ready, established' in the sense of "someone who stands ready before God", and has cognates in other
467:
435:, who are referred to as "priests", irrespective of gender, and the term priestess is generally considered archaic in Christianity.
39:
3480:
1699:
has a threefold ministry of bishop, priest, and deacon and those ordained to the presbyterate are referred to as priests. In the
1262:, began in the 6th century to be used of presbyters, and is today commonly used of presbyters, distinguishing them from bishops.
1097:
3337:
2770:
In ancient Judaism, the Priests (Kohanim) had a whole class of Levites as their assistants in making the sacrifices, in singing
1448:
613:
1798:) performed by one with priesthood authority are recognized by God and are binding in heaven, on earth, and in the afterlife.
4522:
4517:
4507:
4064:
2240:
1748:
1393:
4212:
634:
or a priestess. In several other Sumerian city-states, the ruling governor or king was also a head priest with the rank of
3548:
1806:
1795:
1758:
73:
4082:
4078:
4074:
4070:
1952:
priests who had initiated them. Priestly lineages, which are distinct from birth lineages, are typically recorded in the
4008:
1575:
803:
4359:
4261:
3519:
769:. He delegated this duty to priests, who were effectively bureaucrats authorized to act on his behalf. Priests staffed
657:; at one point, the Nippur priesthood conferred the title of queen of Sumer on Kugbau, a popular taverness from nearby
4437:
2969:
2183:
2138:, pouring libations into the sacred fire to the accompaniment of ritual chants. The Mobad also prepare drinks for the
1658:
1591:
in order to distance themselves from the more sacrificial theological implications which they associate with the word
1377:
1210:
939:
112:
28:
2283:
1801:
There is some variation among the Latter Day Saint denominations regarding who can be ordained to the priesthood. In
4282:
3448:
3099:
3040:
2676:. The collar may be either a full collar or a vestigial tab displayed through a square cutout in the shirt collar.
2255:
2159:
1762:
405:
3500:
3068:
2229:
3461:
1754:
1480:
1408:
is normally performed by several priests (ideally seven), but may be performed by one if necessary. In the West,
839:
A Roman matron was any mature woman of the upper class, married or unmarried. Females could serve public cult as
758:
4308:
1651:
1550:
762:
108:
3483:
priests, many of them married, have become Roman Catholic priests since a "pastoral provision" was created by
2262:
1396:
are also administered by priests, though in the Western tradition Confirmation is ordinarily celebrated by a
115:, priests have existed since the earliest of times and in the simplest societies, most likely as a result of
4333:
3256:
3112:
2459:
hierarchy of priests and priestesses that dates to AD 800–1000. Ifá priests and priestesses bear the titles
2236:
1724:
1638:
1623:
210:
189:
21:
2609:
and live in the Netherlands, wear distinctive clothing which distinguishes them from other clergy, whether
156:
and rites. These often include blessing worshipers with prayers of joy at marriages, after a birth, and at
2861:
2391:, for many rites. The maidens may either be family members in training, apprentices, or local volunteers.
1968:
1805:(LDS Church), all worthy males above the age of 12 can be ordained to the priesthood. However, prior to a
1518:
1302:
4394:
3428:
2857:
2269:
1953:
1385:
1381:
120:
795:
1313:, but the dictionary does deal with the above-mentioned terms under the entry for "Sheep, Shepherd.".
2709:
Christian traditions that retain the title of priest also retain the tradition of special liturgical
2679:
2661:
2626:
1810:
1685:
1558:
1526:
1452:
1306:
1109:
779:
116:
1757:, the priesthood is the power and authority of God given to man, including the authority to perform
1439:
In these traditions, only men who meet certain requirements may become priests. In Catholicism, the
3466:
2775:
2576:
2251:
1874:
1866:
1310:
1069:
977:
957:
815:
799:
516:
327:
4125:
3158:
2935:
1514:
1282:
1278:
1141:
1072:
973:
653:
238:
152:, and other members of the religious body, and its deity or deities, and administering religious
4402:
3619:
1900:, birth and wedding ceremonies. Priests also serve as teachers, scribes, and community leaders.
4362:
of the problem of Roman Catholic and Old Catholic reunion with respect to the female priesthood
1487:
similar to the above-mentioned, or simply a very loose black robe that does not have a collar.
4478:
4185:
4179:
4152:
4146:
4113:
4103:
4060:
3990:
3980:
3976:
3947:
3918:
3912:
3891:
3885:
3864:
3837:
3762:
3752:
3677:
3484:
3411:
3345:
3224:
3194:
3146:
3136:
3130:
3094:
3044:
3032:
3011:
2927:
2760:
2703:
2657:
2395:
1603:
1570:
1566:
1508:
1476:
1472:
1413:
1353:
1335:
1270:
1236:
1149:
1127:
1123:
1065:
917:
912:
825:
716:
620:
were priestesses in temples dedicated to Inanna and may be a reference to the goddess herself.
549:
540:
509:
3858:
1765:. Priesthood denotes elements of both power and authority. The priesthood includes the power
4502:
4240:
3280:
3116:
2919:
2790:, although not all assistant curates are priests, as this legal status also applies to many
2412:
1696:
1643:
1464:
1220:
1133:
1105:
1100:, and (therefore) the cessation of the daily and seasonal temple ceremonies and sacrifices,
873:
487:
84:
2713:
worn only during services. Vestments vary widely among the different Christian traditions.
2093:
2013:
community. Priests are ordained and trained as well. There are two types of Hindu priests,
233:
sense to describe the religious mediators of an unknown or otherwise unspecified religion.
3170:
2866:
2798:
2745:
2682:
priests mostly retain the traditional dress of two layers of differently cut cassock: the
2668:
has become the nearly universal feature of priestly clerical clothing, worn either with a
2665:
2538:
2518:
2061:
1858:
1852:
1770:
1707:
use the terms "reverend" and "pastor" interchangeably for ordained members of the clergy.
1522:
1484:
1389:
1266:
1145:
1008:
770:
673:
636:
590:
345:
256:
185:
2625:
Priestess officiating before an altar while nude to demonstrate purity, Attic red-figure
2533:
1140:. Kohanim do not perform roles of propitiation, sacrifice, or sacrament in any branch of
707:
specialized in the arts of dancing, music, and singing and they served in the temples of
782:, when temples owned great estates, the high priests of the most important cult—that of
651:
and its temple priesthood generally meant hegemony over most of Sumer, as listed on the
3646:
3577:
3214:
3184:
3004:
2621:
2614:
2610:
2148:
1957:
1774:
1761:
and to act as a leader in the church. A body of priesthood holders is referred to as a
1689:
1647:
1619:
1562:
1456:
1365:
1361:
1331:
1309:" to refer to their pastors. The Christian term "priest" does not have an entry in the
981:
880:
544:
443:
288:
252:
61:
4371:
3534:
1881:
initiation. Mandaean religious leaders and copyists of religious texts hold the title
4496:
4366:
2876:
2635:
2590:
2448:
2428:
2364:
2175:
2164:
1832:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1224:
1190:
1038:
840:
631:
457:
331:
279:
205:
157:
2276:
1216:
976:
to consecrate the priests "for all of eternity". During the times of the two Jewish
412:
is the minister who both presides and instructs a Christian congregation, while the
99:, or visit those confined indoors, such as the sick in hospitals and nursing homes.
3395:
3312:
2847:
2673:
2513:
2456:
2203:
2000:
1662:
1582:
1538:
1373:
1137:
1118:
953:
861:
821:
669:
658:
568:
461:
378:
230:
128:
3598:
2634:
patterns distinguish celebrants, as the white wool veil draped on the head of the
2504:
2362:. A kannushi is the person responsible for the maintenance of a Shinto shrine, or
255:, however, being a priest consisted merely of offering periodic sacrifices to the
50:
4388:
3218:
3188:
512:, the priesthood also acted on behalf of the deities in managing their property.
4473:
4458:
2801:
is "parochial vicar" – an ordained priest assigned to assist the pastor (Latin:
2552:
2517:(literally "Father of saint" in English), or "babalorixá" (a word borrowed from
2484:
2404:
2218:
1787:
1615:
1534:
1500:
1421:
1401:
1298:
1286:
1274:
1165:
1061:
745:
338:
323:
287:, the term for "elder", especially elders of Jewish or Christian communities in
259:
gods and goddesses; it was not a full-time role, nor did it involve ordination.
201:
197:
169:
56:
43:
3556:
1773:
to perform miracles such as the casting out of devils and the healing of sick (
1734:
1201:
872:, giving her a prominence unusual for a woman in the male-dominated culture of
4463:
3860:
A Brief Introduction To Hinduism: Religion, Philosophy, And Ways Of Liberation
3808:
2827:
2315:
1627:
1546:
1425:
1228:
984:
offerings and sacrifices within the temples; these offerings are known as the
945:
829:
774:
557:
497:
356:
267:
149:
91:
of a religion, especially as a mediatory agent between humans and one or more
4286:
4117:
3994:
2931:
4433:
3943:
3766:
2955:, College Edition, The World Publishing Company, Cleveland OH, s.v. "priest"
2842:
2764:
2508:
2199:
1904:
1862:
1587:
1530:
1440:
1369:
1357:
1339:
1294:
1259:
1186:
1113:
501:
421:
417:
283:
263:
173:
165:
96:
3150:
1467:
and can work anywhere in the world that their specific community operates.
1400:. In the East, Chrismation is performed by the priest (using oil specially
1356:
acts reserved to priests in these traditions are the administration of the
574:
4097:
2368:, purificatory rites, and for leading worship and veneration of a certain
1877:). All priests must undergo lengthy ordination ceremonies, beginning with
843:
but few were chosen, and then only from young maidens of the upper class.
35:
4468:
2964:
2779:
2729:
2710:
2650:
2460:
2328:
1983:
1920:
1728:
1554:
1444:
1290:
1232:
1206:
1170:
986:
921:
895:
865:
741:
684:
476:
140:
132:
2439:
order of priestesses existed throughout the Heian and Kamakura periods.
4453:
2939:
2907:
2832:
2669:
2500:
2488:
2464:
2452:
2065:, a ritualistic offering of various items to the gods, the waving of a
2039:
2010:
1936:
1912:
1897:
1893:
1878:
1791:
1782:
1495:
1460:
1409:
1405:
1193:. The Samaritan kohanim have retained their role as religious leaders.
1101:
1042:
891:
766:
732:
721:
688:
480:
453:
243:
172:, is also commonly a responsibility – for example, the modern term for
124:
2908:"Georges Dumézil and the Trifunctional Approach to Roman Civilization"
2756:
In many religions, there are one or more layers of assistant priests.
3284:
2886:
2791:
2787:
2778:. The Priests and the Levites were in turn served by servants called
2527:
2319:
2179:
2045:
2015:
1974:
1886:
1840:
1826:
1720:
1716:
1542:
1397:
1255:
1243:
1076:
887:
884:
869:
868:. The priestess retained her role when the temple was rededicated to
857:
853:
787:
737:
725:
708:
698:
662:
648:
641:
601:
578:
528:
524:
520:
505:
326:, and only from Old English reached other Germanic languages via the
216:
181:
177:
153:
136:
88:
2923:
2476:
1581:
As Anglicanism represents a broad range of theological opinion, its
1148:. The principal religious function of any kohanim is to perform the
143:. They are generally regarded as having privileged contact with the
4181:
Shamanism: An Encyclopedia of World Beliefs, Practices, and Culture
2984:
Epistle to the Philippians; a revised text, with introduction, etc.
2071:
or oil lamp also called an offering in light, known in Hinduism as
1813:
movement from which other denominations have sprung, including the
2881:
2837:
2813:
2809:
2771:
2741:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2646:
2620:
2600:
2585:
2575:
2468:
2314:
2168:
2158:
2140:
2134:
2127:
2097:
2073:
2055:
2021:
2006:
1987:
1967:
1778:
1766:
1733:
1637:
1494:
1330:
1215:
1200:
1174:
1153:
1033:
995:
965:
961:
928:
911:
623:
491:
472:
466:
452:
161:
144:
92:
67:
49:
34:
2182:" p. 488) act as interpreters of the principles of Yin-Yang
1305:, non-sacramental denominations are more likely to use the term "
2737:
2642:
symbolism and some may be quite uncomfortable with the concept.
2549:
2481:
2472:
2378:
2340:
2067:
2053:
performs rituals in a temple. These rituals include bathing the
2033:
2027:
1836:
1046:
1027:
1021:
1015:
969:
783:
744:, presided over sacrifices and participated in the festivals of
582:
248:
4406:
3429:"Catechism of the Catholic Church – The sacrament of Matrimony"
2629:
by Chairias, c. 510–500 BC, Ancient Agora Museum in Athens
2132:
A Zoroastrian priest are called a Mobad and they officiate the
2988:
2212:
4387:
4370:
2419:
priestesses usually were elected from royalty. In principle,
311:
296:
3807:
Holy Spirit University of Kaslik – USEK (27 November 2017),
687:
were sacred prostitutes usually associated with the goddess
1738:
1898 depiction of the Restoration of the Aaronic Priesthood
1610:
Even though both words mean 'elders' historically the term
856:
was the title of a priestess at the very ancient temple of
627:
2491:) use the same titles to refer to their officers as well.
1606:) recognizes the breadth of opinion by adopting the title
16:
Person authorized to lead the sacred rituals of a religion
2744:) as a distinctive form of religious dress, similar to a
1136:
regard the kohanim as being held in reserve for a future
1104:
have become much less prominent. In traditional Judaism (
176:
in a secular office refers originally to the duties of a
3834:
The great stem of souls: reconstructing Mandaean history
3344:. Vol. 4. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 348.
1254:, which Christians had since the 3rd century applied to
278:
The word "priest", is ultimately derived from Latin via
3642:"Gallery: Turku makes history with first female bishop"
2953:
Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language
1569:). The Anglican churches, unlike the Roman Catholic or
1557:(although there are exceptions, such as priests in the
2399:
were female relatives of the Japanese emperor (termed
2100:(sacrifices) outside of the temple. There are special
1037:, etc. Jewish families with these names belong to the
980:, the Aaronic priests performed the daily and special
424:, performs "mediatorial offices between God and man".
3132:
A History of Medicine: Primitive and ancient medicine
2537:("Mother of saint"), also referred to as "ialorixá" (
1242:
With the spread of Christianity and the formation of
229:
are sufficiently generic that they may be used in an
4213:"The Cuban priestesses defying religious patriarchy"
4028:"Sedreh Pooshi by Female Mobedyar in Toronto-Canada"
3969:
The Zoroastrian Faith: Tradition and Modern Research
3376:(Paulist Press 1995 ISBN 978-0-8091-3551-6), p. 128"
2423:
remained unmarried, but there were exceptions. Some
1447:(Can. 1031 §§ 1, 4.) A Catholic priest must be
444:
https://webstersdictionary1828.com/Dictionary/priest
4239:. Paganwiccan.about.com. 2014-03-04. Archived from
3940:
Zoroastrians, their religious beliefs and practices
3917:. State University of New York Press. p. 324.
3223:. Cornell University Press. pp. 42–47, 52–53.
3193:. Cornell University Press. pp. 32–36, 89–92.
2782:. These lowest level of servants were not priests.
2243:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1815:
Remnant Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints
1608:
The Ordination of Priests (also called Presbyters).
1092:
List of disqualifications for the Jewish priesthood
322:It is possible that the Latin word was loaned into
3003:
2767:served in temples as assistants to the priestess.
2605:Some clergy and religious, such as these, who are
2059:s (the statues of the gods/goddesses), performing
1122:(redemption of a first-born son) ceremony and the
519:, and in Ancient Greece, some priestesses such as
355:, apparently derived from Latin independently via
4009:"The Jury Is Still Out On Women as Parsi Priests"
3462:"Peoria diocese ordains its first married priest"
3394:An example of the use of "presbyter" is found in
2467:for women. Priests and priestesses of the varied
1948:Priests have lineages based on the succession of
1376:and Byzantine traditions, respectively), and the
1152:, although an individual kohen may also become a
920:gesture depicted on a mosaic in the synagogue of
824:and throughout Italy, the ancient sanctuaries of
72:Bronze statue of an Egyptian priest, 6th c. BCE,
27:"Priesthood" redirects here. For other uses, see
1578:churches do not ordain women to the priesthood.
1293:to a ministerial position through receiving the
761:, the right and obligation to interact with the
3737:
3735:
3733:
3338:"Priest, Priesthood 3. Roman Catholicism"
2580:Wiccan priestess preaching in the United States
1803:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
1549:. Although Anglican priests who are members of
1301:, although "presbyter" is also used. Since the
3745:The Mandaeans: ancient texts and modern people
3267:, 2.4.108; Valerius Maximus, 1.1.1; Plutarch,
2853:List of fictional clergy and religious figures
2794:working as assistants in a parochial setting.
2384:
2355:
2334:
1680:To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation
1665:doctrine derived from several passages of the
798:, whose religious importance overshadowed the
697:served in the temples of the Sumerian goddess
392:That English should have only the single term
4418:
4309:"The Garb Of The Clergy – Pagan Christianity"
3887:The Growth of Religious Diversity: Traditions
3809:"Open discussion with the Sabaeans Mandaeans"
2607:Canons Regular of the Order of the Holy Cross
2167:with a customer outside of Changchun Temple,
8:
4381:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
3725:The Secret Adam: A Study of Nasoraean Gnosis
3135:. Vol. 1. Horatius Press. p. 376.
1404:by a bishop) immediately after Baptism, and
304:, the regular Latin word for "priest" being
2656:In most Christian traditions, priests wear
1786:referred to as the Melchizedek priesthood (
4425:
4411:
4403:
4283:"The Priesthood – Temple of the Good Game"
4130:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3578:"Ministry and Ministries – Svenska kyrkan"
3520:"Male bishops speak out on female priests"
3406:Vancil, Jack W. (1992). "Sheep, Shepherd"
2092:, on the other hand, performs rituals and
1861:refers to an ordained religious leader in
1177:to refer to a type non-hereditary cleric.
946:the departure of the Israelites from Egypt
773:throughout Egypt, giving offerings to the
438:Webster's 1829 Dictionary stated "PRIEST,
351:. Old High German also has the disyllabic
247:, a word meaning "priest". As seen in the
2303:Learn how and when to remove this message
1777:9:1). Latter Day Saints believe that the
1537:province restricts the administration of
515:Priestesses in antiquity often performed
3676:. Oxford University Press. p. 135.
3245:The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt
3067:. cf.blueletterbible.org. Archived from
1265:Today, the term "priest" is used in the
1156:or other professional religious leader.
609:), literally "divine lady", a priestess.
577:served as priestesses in the temples of
433:women ordained in the Anglican communion
2898:
2475:may be named Osunyemi, and a Priest of
2455:practice an indigenous religion with a
1455:in order to engage in public ministry.
1185:Aaronic Kohanim also officiated at the
208:, such as Methodists and Baptists, use
4184:. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO. p. 451.
4178:Walter, M.N.; Fridman, E.J.N. (2004).
4123:
4026:Khosraviani, Mahshad (June 19, 2013),
3396:Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1554
3166:
3156:
1701:Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland
1368:(the terms for the celebration of the
504:to a deity, often in highly elaborate
3911:Klostermaier, Klaus K. (2010-03-10).
3751:. New York: Oxford University Press.
1463:, whereas religious priests live the
1451:by his bishop or his major religious
1342:with his family (three generations),
598:in Akkadian, is the sign for "lady."
7:
4398:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
4057:The Encyclopedia of Taoism, Volume 1
3967:Nigosian, Solomon Alexander (1993),
3640:Sequeira, Tahira (8 February 2021).
3065:"Hebrew Lexicon :: H6948 (KJV)"
2986:, 2nd ed. 1869, p. 184, cited after
2860:, decree on the priesthood from the
2403:) who served as High Priestesses in
2241:adding citations to reliable sources
2009:priest traditionally comes from the
1903:There are three types of priests in
1327:Priesthood (Eastern Orthodox Church)
993:In Hebrew, the word for "priest" is
883:was the priestess presiding over an
3914:A Survey of Hinduism: Third Edition
3410:New York: Doubleday. 5, 1187–1190.
3287:tractate Maaser Sheini p. 31a.
3243:Doxey, Denise M., "Priesthood", in
2376:are aided by another priest class,
1614:has been more associated with the "
1360:, including the celebration of the
790:—were important political figures.
677:
4151:. Vol. 1. SAGE Publications.
4007:Wadia, Arzan Sam (March 9, 2011),
3301:. pp. Entry "כֹּהֵן" (Kohen).
2872:Ritualism in the Church of England
2559:, while female priests are called
1669:. It is a foundational concept of
1626:" has been more commonly used in "
1521:is largely the same as within the
864:. She was widely credited for her
728:after "six days and seven nights."
724:, a temple prostitute, tamed wild
385:"one put over others", from Latin
14:
4386:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
4285:. Goodgame.org.nz. Archived from
4145:Asante, M.K.; Mazama, A. (2009).
3890:. Psychology Press. p. 197.
3836:. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press.
3832:Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen (2010).
3742:Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen (2002).
3620:"Women ordained for thirty years"
1323:Priesthood in the Catholic Church
1317:Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy
1258:and only in a secondary sense to
87:authorized to perform the sacred
4334:"How Should Pagan Clergy Dress?"
4307:Kennerson, Robert (2022-12-17).
4148:Encyclopedia of African Religion
3460:Miller, Michael (May 17, 2008).
2531:); its female equivalent is the
2217:
2104:who perform only funeral rites.
1646:prepares for the celebration of
1289:to refer to those who have been
1098:destruction of the Second Temple
612:In Sumerian epic texts such as "
420:, or in a Christian context the
404:came to be seen as a problem in
4211:AfricaNews (October 10, 2022).
3973:McGill-Queen's University Press
3501:"Should women ever be bishops?"
2228:needs additional citations for
2194:Indigenous and ethnic religions
1924:"treasurers" (from Old Persian
1336:Married Eastern Orthodox priest
614:Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta
535:Ancient priests and priestesses
4099:A History of the Yoruba People
3580:. Svenskakyrkan.se. 2021-09-20
3297:Even-Shoshan, Avraham (2003).
2797:The corresponding term in the
2499:In Brazil, the priests in the
2326:The Shinto priest is called a
1790:being the high priest to whom
1749:Priesthood (Latter Day Saints)
1705:Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod
1657:The general priesthood or the
1567:marry a person of the same sex
894:, a historical kingdom in the
832:were invariably led by female
1:
3672:Doe, Norman (4 August 2011).
2495:Afro-Latin American religions
2349:, sometimes referred to as a
2322:priest and priestess in Japan
1869:, priests are referred to as
1686:historic apostolic legitimacy
1559:Anglican Order of Cistercians
1343:
561:
369:cognate with Old High German
74:Ephesus Archaeological Museum
4332:Beckett, John (2017-02-12).
4034:, Parsi News, archived from
3857:Herman, A. L. (2018-05-04).
3342:Encyclopedia of Christianity
3340:. In Erwin Fahlbusch (ed.).
3220:The Priests of Ancient Egypt
3190:The Priests of Ancient Egypt
2906:Momigliano, Arnaldo (1984).
2690:(Russian) beneath the outer
1513:The role of a priest in the
1432:, "Laying-on of Hands"), or
647:Control of the holy city of
475:and burning their groves on
365:An alternative theory makes
295:ultimately represents Greek
196:, as with certain synods of
4438:Assyrian Church of the East
3533:Anglican Church of Canada.
3408:The Anchor Bible Dictionary
3372:"Dennis Chester Smolarski,
3247:(2001), vol. III, pp. 69–70
3129:Prioreschi, Plinio (1996).
3006:The Mythology of Sex – Ch.3
2970:Online Etymology Dictionary
1673:. It is this doctrine that
1659:priesthood of all believers
1378:Sacrament of Reconciliation
940:Priesthood (ancient Israel)
500:, a priest administers the
427:The feminine English noun,
389:"person placed in charge".
241:the chieftains were titled
204:, though other branches of
113:Proto-Indo-European society
29:Priesthood (disambiguation)
4539:
4513:Religious leadership roles
4055:Pregadio, Fabrizio (2008)
3780:McGrath, James F. (2010).
3727:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
3705:www.paramountchristian.org
3674:Law and Religion in Europe
3499:Emma John (July 4, 2010).
3313:"Klein Dictionary, כֹּהֵן"
3041:Cambridge University Press
2555:, a male priest is called
2197:
2125:
1998:
1850:
1824:
1746:
1630:" or Evangelical circles.
1506:
1320:
1089:
1007:), hence the family names
972:instructs Moses to make a
937:
926:
860:that was dedicated to the
813:
661:(who was later deified as
553:
485:
406:English Bible translations
312:
297:
160:, teaching the wisdom and
18:
4444:
3863:. Routledge. p. 52.
3549:"The Protestant Heritage"
3336:Garhammer, Erich (2005).
2584:According to traditional
2385:
2356:
2335:
1940:"disciples" (Neo-Mandaic
1755:Latter Day Saint movement
1642:A Lutheran priest of the
1481:Eastern Catholic Churches
759:ancient Egyptian religion
471:Roman soldiers murdering
330:to the continent, giving
60:(thunderbolt-carrier), a
4096:Akintoye, S. A. (2010).
3884:Parsons, Gerald (1993).
2563:or "mothers of wisdom".
2345:, originally pronounced
1719:often have the title of
1622:wing, whereas the term "
1491:Anglican or Episcopalian
1459:are incardinated into a
683:, derived from the root
109:trifunctional hypothesis
4378:Encyclopædia Britannica
3553:Encyclopædia Britannica
3299:Even-Shoshan Dictionary
3261:The Roman goddess Ceres
3257:Barbette Stanley Spaeth
3035:Reading Sumerian Poetry
2774:and in maintaining the
2431:of the emperor, called
1311:Anchor Bible Dictionary
1285:, and some branches of
1116:functions, such as the
964:, the elder brother of
958:patrileneal descendants
571:with priests and kings.
565: 23rd century BCE
206:Protestant Christianity
119:surplus and consequent
22:Priest (disambiguation)
3555:. 2007. Archived from
3269:De Mulierum Virtutibus
3031:Black, Jeremy (1998).
3002:Dening, Sarah (1996).
2862:Second Vatican Council
2645:The retention of long
2630:
2618:
2581:
2339:, lit. "Master of the
2323:
2171:
1991:
1916:"leader of the people"
1781:miracles performed by
1739:
1654:
1519:Free Church of England
1504:
1349:
1303:Protestant Reformation
1239:
1213:
924:
483:
464:
237:example, in the early
76:
65:
47:
4523:Religious terminology
4518:Religious occupations
4508:Ecclesiastical titles
4395:Catholic Encyclopedia
4313:Wilmington For Christ
3938:Boyce, Mary (2001) .
3701:"Paramount Christian"
3535:"Minister or Priest?"
2982:Joseph B. Lightfoot,
2858:Presbyterorum Ordinis
2624:
2604:
2579:
2511:religions are called
2318:
2198:Further information:
2162:
1971:
1807:policy change in 1978
1737:
1641:
1523:Roman Catholic Church
1503:priest in choir dress
1498:
1386:Anointing of the Sick
1352:The most significant
1334:
1250:(hiereus), and Latin
1219:
1204:
1112:) a few priestly and
968:. In Exodus 30:22–25
952:were required by the
915:
486:Further information:
470:
456:
121:social stratification
71:
53:
38:
3971:, Montreal, Quebec:
3723:Drower, E. S. 1960.
3622:. evl.fi. 1988-03-06
3113:Strong's Concordance
2662:Western Christianity
2237:improve this article
2111:also functions as a
1811:Restoration Branches
1677:adduces in his 1520
1527:Eastern Christianity
1384:. The sacraments of
1110:Conservative Judaism
1108:and to some extent,
978:Temples in Jerusalem
800:High Priests of Amun
780:New Kingdom of Egypt
449:Historical religions
20:For other uses, see
3467:Peoria Journal Star
2728:and a knotted cord
2720:religions, such as
2389:, "shrine maidens")
2178:(道士 "master of the
2085:are often married.
1928:"id.," Neo-Mandaic
1867:Mandaean scriptures
1827:Clergy § Islam
1652:Strängnäs Cathedral
1576:Continuing Anglican
1237:Republic of Georgia
1073:KHN 𐤊𐤄𐤍 "priest"
903:Abrahamic religions
816:College of Pontiffs
517:sacred prostitution
328:Anglo-Saxon mission
310:, corresponding to
270:by its priesthood.
253:Hrafnkell Freysgoði
4102:. Dakar, Senegal.
4038:on October 9, 2014
3788:. pp. 583–592
3518:Sulaiman Kakaire.
3119:'s Lexicon (1857).
2912:History and Theory
2812:, the leader of a
2664:, the stiff white
2631:
2619:
2582:
2324:
2172:
2163:A fortune-telling
1992:
1740:
1655:
1515:Anglican Communion
1505:
1350:
1283:Church of the East
1279:Oriental Orthodoxy
1240:
1214:
1142:Rabbinical Judaism
974:holy anointing-oil
925:
796:God's Wife of Amun
654:Sumerian King List
588:The Sumerian word
484:
479:, as described by
465:
353:priester, priestar
239:history of Iceland
77:
66:
48:
4487:
4486:
4479:Sign of the cross
4191:978-1-57607-645-3
4158:978-1-4129-3636-1
4109:978-2-35926-005-2
4069:at Google books:
4059:Psychology Press
3924:978-0-7914-8011-3
3897:978-0-415-08326-3
3870:978-0-429-98238-5
3843:978-1-59333-621-9
3683:978-0-19-960401-2
3485:Pope John Paul II
3351:978-0-8028-2416-5
3142:978-1-888456-01-1
3095:Blue Letter Bible
3017:978-0-02-861207-2
2761:Ancient Near East
2704:Pope John Paul II
2680:Eastern Christian
2658:clerical clothing
2435:in Japanese. The
2313:
2312:
2305:
2287:
2107:In many cases, a
1964:Eastern religions
1743:Latter Day Saints
1604:Church of England
1571:Eastern Christian
1509:Anglican ministry
1477:Eastern Orthodoxy
1271:Eastern Orthodoxy
1246:, the Greek word
1150:Priestly Blessing
1124:Priestly Blessing
1066:Semitic languages
1045:– descended from
1003:, plural כּהנִים
918:Priestly Blessing
916:Kohanim's hands:
717:Epic of Gilgamesh
510:Ancient Near East
190:Eastern Orthodoxy
186:Roman Catholicism
107:According to the
4530:
4427:
4420:
4413:
4404:
4399:
4391:
4382:
4374:
4348:
4347:
4345:
4344:
4329:
4323:
4322:
4320:
4319:
4304:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4294:
4279:
4273:
4272:
4270:
4269:
4258:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4248:
4233:
4227:
4226:
4224:
4223:
4208:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4198:
4175:
4169:
4168:
4166:
4165:
4142:
4136:
4135:
4129:
4121:
4093:
4087:
4053:
4047:
4046:
4045:
4043:
4023:
4017:
4016:
4004:
3998:
3997:
3964:
3958:
3957:
3935:
3929:
3928:
3908:
3902:
3901:
3881:
3875:
3874:
3854:
3848:
3847:
3829:
3823:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3804:
3798:
3797:
3795:
3793:
3777:
3771:
3770:
3750:
3739:
3728:
3721:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3711:
3697:
3691:
3690:
3669:
3663:
3662:
3656:
3654:
3637:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3627:
3616:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3606:
3595:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3585:
3574:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3564:
3559:on June 14, 2006
3545:
3539:
3538:
3530:
3524:
3523:
3515:
3509:
3508:
3496:
3490:
3489:
3476:
3475:
3457:
3451:
3446:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3436:
3425:
3419:
3404:
3398:
3392:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3382:
3374:Sacred Mysteries
3368:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3358:
3333:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3323:
3309:
3303:
3302:
3294:
3288:
3281:Jerusalem Talmud
3278:
3272:
3254:
3248:
3241:
3235:
3234:
3211:
3205:
3204:
3181:
3175:
3174:
3168:
3164:
3162:
3154:
3126:
3120:
3111:, incorporating
3110:
3108:
3107:
3098:. Archived from
3090:"Strong's H6948"
3086:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3028:
3022:
3021:
3009:
2999:
2993:
2980:
2974:
2962:
2956:
2950:
2944:
2943:
2903:
2788:assistant curate
2752:Assistant priest
2390:
2388:
2387:
2372:. Additionally,
2361:
2359:
2358:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2308:
2301:
2297:
2294:
2288:
2286:
2245:
2221:
2213:
1697:Church of Sweden
1644:Church of Sweden
1551:religious orders
1533:in almost every
1465:consecrated life
1348:
1345:
1221:Eastern Orthodox
1173:) uses the word
1164:The traditional
1134:Orthodox Judaism
1106:Orthodox Judaism
1056:The Hebrew word
874:classical Greece
765:belonged to the
679:
639:
630:was an Akkadian
619:
604:
597:
593:
566:
563:
555:
547:
488:Vedic priesthood
315:
314:
300:
299:
85:religious leader
40:Catholic priests
32:
25:
4538:
4537:
4533:
4532:
4531:
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4493:
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4110:
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4013:parsikhabar.net
4006:
4005:
4001:
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3786:ARAM Periodical
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3317:www.sefaria.org
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3306:
3296:
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3242:
3238:
3231:
3215:Sauneron, Serge
3213:
3212:
3208:
3201:
3185:Sauneron, Serge
3183:
3182:
3178:
3165:
3155:
3143:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3105:
3103:
3088:
3087:
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3074:
3072:
3063:
3062:
3058:
3051:
3043:. p. 142.
3030:
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3018:
3001:
3000:
2996:
2981:
2977:
2963:
2959:
2951:
2947:
2924:10.2307/2505078
2905:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2891:
2867:Priest shortage
2823:
2799:Catholic Church
2754:
2732:, known as the
2666:clerical collar
2599:
2574:
2569:
2497:
2445:
2411:also served at
2382:
2353:
2332:
2309:
2298:
2292:
2289:
2246:
2244:
2234:
2222:
2211:
2206:
2196:
2157:
2130:
2124:
2003:
1997:
1978:performing the
1966:
1859:Mandaean priest
1855:
1853:Mandaean priest
1849:
1829:
1823:
1751:
1745:
1713:
1636:
1545:, just as with
1511:
1493:
1485:clerical collar
1457:Secular priests
1390:Extreme Unction
1346:
1329:
1321:Main articles:
1319:
1267:Catholic Church
1223:priest wearing
1199:
1183:
1162:
1146:Karaite Judaism
1138:restored Temple
1094:
1088:
1082:كاهن "priest".
1060:comes from the
942:
936:
931:
910:
905:
849:
818:
812:
755:
635:
617:
599:
595:
589:
581:in the city of
564:
543:
537:
523:, priestess at
494:
451:
346:Old High German
276:
266:, a society is
231:anthropological
174:clerical duties
111:of prehistoric
105:
33:
26:
19:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4536:
4534:
4526:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4495:
4494:
4485:
4484:
4482:
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4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4445:
4442:
4441:
4432:
4430:
4429:
4422:
4415:
4407:
4401:
4400:
4389:"Priest"
4383:
4372:"Priest"
4369:, ed. (1911).
4367:Chisholm, Hugh
4363:
4355:
4354:External links
4352:
4350:
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4274:
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4203:
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4018:
4015:, Parsi Khabar
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3647:Helsinki Times
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3167:|journal=
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2975:
2957:
2945:
2918:(3): 312–330.
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2753:
2750:
2636:Vestal Virgins
2598:
2595:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2526:Father of the
2496:
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2487:and Brazilian
2444:
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2225:
2223:
2216:
2210:
2207:
2195:
2192:
2176:Taoist priests
2156:
2153:
2149:Zoroastrianism
2126:Main article:
2123:
2122:Zoroastrianism
2120:
2096:(sacraments),
1999:Main article:
1996:
1993:
1965:
1962:
1958:Mandaean texts
1946:
1945:
1933:
1917:
1885:or in Arabic '
1851:Main article:
1848:
1845:
1822:
1819:
1747:Main article:
1744:
1741:
1712:
1709:
1690:full communion
1635:
1632:
1620:Anglo-Catholic
1563:secular clergy
1529:, except that
1507:Main article:
1492:
1489:
1380:, also called
1366:Divine Liturgy
1318:
1315:
1209:priest during
1198:
1195:
1182:
1179:
1161:
1158:
1087:
1086:Modern Judaism
1084:
999:(singular כהן
982:Jewish-holiday
950:ancient Israel
938:Main article:
935:
932:
927:Main article:
909:
906:
904:
901:
900:
899:
881:Phrygian Sibyl
877:
848:
847:Ancient Greece
845:
841:Vestal Virgins
811:
808:
754:
751:
750:
749:
729:
712:
702:
692:
666:
645:
621:
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586:
572:
536:
533:
496:In historical
450:
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289:late antiquity
275:
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104:
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62:Newar Buddhist
15:
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4339:
4335:
4328:
4325:
4314:
4310:
4303:
4300:
4289:on 2014-07-02
4288:
4284:
4278:
4275:
4264:. Patheos.com
4263:
4257:
4254:
4243:on 2014-08-26
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4033:
4032:parsinews.net
4029:
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4019:
4014:
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4003:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3986:0-7735-1144-X
3982:
3978:
3974:
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3960:
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3953:0-415-23902-8
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3758:0-19-515385-5
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3495:
3492:
3488:
3486:
3482:
3469:
3468:
3463:
3456:
3453:
3450:
3449:Matthew 28:19
3445:
3442:
3430:
3424:
3421:
3417:
3416:0-385-19363-7
3413:
3409:
3403:
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3293:
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3274:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3253:
3250:
3246:
3240:
3237:
3232:
3230:0-8014-8654-8
3226:
3222:
3221:
3216:
3210:
3207:
3202:
3200:0-8014-8654-8
3196:
3192:
3191:
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3180:
3177:
3172:
3160:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3138:
3134:
3133:
3125:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3102:on 2018-08-29
3101:
3097:
3096:
3091:
3085:
3082:
3071:on 2012-07-10
3070:
3066:
3060:
3057:
3052:
3050:0-485-93003-X
3046:
3042:
3038:
3037:
3034:
3027:
3024:
3019:
3013:
3010:. Macmillan.
3008:
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2917:
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2883:
2880:
2878:
2877:Sacerdotalism
2875:
2873:
2870:
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2865:
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2540:
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2535:
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2523:
2520:
2516:
2515:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2486:
2483:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2449:Yoruba people
2442:
2440:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
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2371:
2367:
2366:
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2321:
2317:
2307:
2304:
2296:
2293:February 2012
2285:
2282:
2278:
2275:
2271:
2268:
2264:
2261:
2257:
2254: –
2253:
2249:
2248:Find sources:
2242:
2238:
2232:
2231:
2226:This article
2224:
2220:
2215:
2214:
2208:
2205:
2201:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2170:
2166:
2165:Taoist priest
2161:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2137:
2136:
2129:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2086:
2084:
2080:
2077:, before the
2076:
2075:
2070:
2069:
2064:
2063:
2058:
2057:
2052:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2041:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2017:
2012:
2008:
2002:
1994:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1976:
1970:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1943:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1890:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1854:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1831:Islam has no
1828:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1799:
1797:
1793:
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1784:
1780:
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1718:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1693:
1691:
1687:
1682:
1681:
1676:
1675:Martin Luther
1672:
1671:Protestantism
1668:
1667:New Testament
1664:
1660:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1640:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1621:
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1249:
1245:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1225:epitrachelion
1222:
1218:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1191:Mount Gerizim
1188:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1129:
1128:ritual purity
1125:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1093:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1039:tribe of Levi
1036:
1035:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1023:
1018:
1017:
1012:
1011:
1006:
1002:
998:
997:
991:
989:
988:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
956:to be direct
955:
951:
948:, priests in
947:
941:
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930:
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919:
914:
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809:
807:
805:
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797:
791:
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785:
781:
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772:
768:
764:
760:
753:Ancient Egypt
752:
747:
743:
739:
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1539:confirmation
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1410:Holy Baptism
1394:Confirmation
1351:
1264:
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1197:Christianity
1184:
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943:
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720:, priestess
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670:Hebrew Bible
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569:hieros gamos
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374:
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282:
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170:sacred texts
129:Christianity
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4459:Chrismation
4360:Description
4042:October 10,
3818:10 December
3792:10 December
3115:(1890) and
2694:(Greek) or
2686:(Greek) or
2451:of western
2405:Kamo Shrine
1982:rituals in
1788:Melchizedek
1634:Lutheranism
1616:High Church
1434:Holy Orders
1430:cheirotonia
1422:Chrismation
1418:in extremis
1402:consecrated
1347: 1893
1299:Holy Orders
1287:Lutheranism
1275:Anglicanism
1166:Beta Israel
1160:Beta Israel
804:Late Period
775:cult images
746:Anthesteria
740:matrons of
736:, fourteen
527:, acted as
387:praepositus
339:Old Swedish
324:Old English
302:presbúteros
298:πρεσβύτερος
202:Anglicanism
198:Lutheranism
150:worshippers
103:Description
57:vajracharya
44:Rome, Italy
4497:Categories
4464:Absolution
4449:Priesthood
4434:Sacraments
4343:2022-12-20
4318:2022-12-20
4293:2014-08-25
4268:2014-08-25
4247:2014-08-25
4222:2022-12-20
4217:Africanews
4197:2015-07-25
4164:2015-07-25
4083:pp. 550–51
4079:pp. 326–29
4071:pp. 488–90
4065:0700712003
3975:, p.
3942:. London:
3710:2022-12-20
3626:2022-03-18
3605:2022-03-18
3599:"Parishes"
3584:2022-03-18
3563:2007-09-20
3479:About 100
3474:2013-06-14
3435:2015-07-25
3381:2014-08-25
3357:2012-06-20
3322:2020-08-01
3106:2018-08-29
3075:2015-07-25
2894:References
2828:Archpriest
2765:hierodules
2716:In modern
2688:podriasnik
2524:, meaning
2522:bàbálórìsà
2413:Ise Shrine
2263:newspapers
2184:5 elements
2147:In Indian
1930:ganzeḇrānā
1926:ganza-bara
1875:Naṣoraeans
1833:sacerdotal
1825:See also:
1796:ordinances
1759:ordinances
1715:Methodist
1628:Low Church
1547:ordination
1426:Ordination
1382:Confession
1358:Sacraments
1354:liturgical
1260:presbyters
1229:epimanikia
1189:temple on
1096:Since the
1090:See also:
1070:Phoenician
934:Historical
898:highlands.
885:Apollonian
866:prophecies
834:sacerdotes
830:Proserpina
814:See also:
605:(Akkadian
558:Enheduanna
498:polytheism
418:sacrifices
357:Old French
221:The terms
4126:cite book
4118:609888714
4075:pp. 53–54
3995:243566889
3944:Routledge
3507:. London.
3481:Episcopal
3265:In Verres
3169:ignored (
3159:cite book
2932:0018-2656
2843:Hieromonk
2711:vestments
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2543:iyálórìsà
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2505:Candomblé
2351:shinshoku
2347:kamunushi
2200:Shamanism
2102:purohitas
2094:saṃskāras
2040:purohitas
1954:colophons
1950:ganzibria
1942:tarmidānā
1921:ganzibria
1905:Mandaeism
1871:Naṣuraiia
1863:Mandaeism
1847:Mandaeism
1769:gave his
1711:Methodism
1663:Christian
1588:presbyter
1531:canon law
1441:canonical
1414:Matrimony
1370:Eucharist
1362:Holy Mass
1340:Jerusalem
1295:sacrament
1231:(cuffs),
1211:Holy Mass
1187:Samaritan
1114:Levitical
896:Anatolian
705:Ishtaritu
695:Quadishtu
508:. In the
502:sacrifice
429:priestess
422:eucharist
410:presbyter
398:presbyter
293:presbyter
284:presbyter
274:Etymology
264:theocracy
227:priestess
166:afterlife
97:catechism
4469:Oblation
3767:65198443
3601:. evl.fi
3285:Mishnaic
3217:(2000).
3187:(2000).
3151:11639620
3117:Gesenius
2965:"priest"
2821:See also
2803:parochus
2780:Nethinim
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2730:cincture
2591:churches
2561:Iyanifas
2553:Santería
2485:Santería
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2429:consorts
2374:kannushi
2329:kannushi
2252:"Priest"
2144:ritual.
2109:purohita
2090:purohita
1995:Hinduism
1984:Varanasi
1972:A Hindu
1956:of many
1937:tarmidia
1839:and the
1783:prophets
1779:Biblical
1771:apostles
1729:reverend
1725:minister
1624:minister
1555:celibate
1535:Anglican
1517:and the
1501:Anglican
1479:and the
1473:celibate
1453:superior
1445:Holy See
1291:ordained
1252:sacerdos
1244:parishes
1233:Mtskheta
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1171:Haymanot
1051:kehunnah
987:korbanot
922:Enschede
742:Dionysus
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678:קְדֵשָׁה
550:Akkadian
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477:Anglesey
414:sacerdos
402:sacerdos
360:presbtre
307:sacerdos
268:governed
211:minister
141:Hinduism
133:Buddhism
4503:Priests
4454:Baptism
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771:temples
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668:In the
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1600:priest
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1281:, the
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888:oracle
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681:qědēšā
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663:Kubaba
649:Nippur
642:Lagash
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579:Inanna
575:Nadītu
525:Delphi
521:Pythia
506:ritual
473:druids
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367:priest
349:priast
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139:, and
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2482:Cuban
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2270:books
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4186:ISBN
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4114:OCLC
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4061:ISBN
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