457:
42:
522:("saw") of the largetooth sawfish has a width that is 15–25% of its length, which is relatively wide compared to the other sawfish species, and there are 14–24 equally separated teeth on each side of it. On average, females have shorter rostrums with fewer teeth than males. The proportional rostrum length also varies with age, with average being around 27% of the total length of the fish, but can be as high as 30% in juveniles and as low as 20–22% in adults.
112:
535:
51:
752:, and in the East Pacific it survives off Central America, Colombia and northern Peru. Whether it survives anywhere in Southeast Asia is generally unclear, but one was captured in the Philippines in 2014 (a country where otherwise considered extirpated). The species has disappeared from much of its Atlantic range and declined where still present. The likely largest remaining population in this region is in the
70:
689:
642:(16 ft). It has been suggested that this may be adaptions for traversing medium-sized waterfalls and rapids when moving upriver. They are generally found in areas with a bottom consisting of sand, mud or silt. The preferred water temperature is between 24 and 32 °C (75–90 °F), and 19 °C (66 °F) or colder is lethal.
820:
641:
from salt to freshwater is faster than the opposite. In captivity they are known to be agile (even swimming backwards), have an unusual ability to "climb" with the use of the pectoral fins and they can jump far out of the water; a 1.8-metre-long (5.9 ft) individual jumped to a height of 5 m
739:
from many regions where formerly present. Among the 75 countries where recorded historically, it has disappeared from 28 and may have disappeared from another 27, leaving only 20 countries where certainly still present. In terms of area this means that it certainly survives in only 39% of its
671:
the largetooth sawfish has been reported even further upstream, and this mostly involves young individuals that are up to 2 m (6.6 ft) long. Occasionally, young individuals become isolated in freshwater pools during floods and may live there for years. The potential lifespan of the
496:, which was documented on film but not measured, has been estimated to be of similar size. Today most individuals are far smaller and a typical length is 2–2.5 m (6.6–8.2 ft). Large individuals may weigh as much as 500–600 kg (1,102–1,323 lb), or possibly even more.
938:
Espinoza, M.; Bonfil-Sanders, R.; Carlson, J.; Charvet, P.; Chevis, M.; Dulvy, N.K.; Everett, B.; Faria, V.; Ferretti, F.; Fordham, S.; Grant, M.I.; Haque, A.B.; Harry, A.V.; Jabado, R.W.; Jones, G.C.A.; Kelez, S.; Lear, K.O.; Morgan, D.L.; Philips, N.M.; Wueringer, B.E. (2022).
843:
included 16 individuals (10 males, 6 females) in North
American aquariums in 2014, 5 individuals (3 males, 2 females) in European aquariums in 2013, and 13 individuals (6 males, 7 females) in Australian aquariums in 2017. Others are kept at public aquariums in Asia.
796:
in
December 2014. Sawfish are protected in Australia and the United States where a number of conservation projects have been initiated, but the largetooth sawfish has probably already been extirpated from the latter country (last confirmed record in 1961 from
679:
and crustaceans. The "saw" can be used both to stir up the bottom to find prey and to slash at groups of fish. Sawfish are docile and harmless to humans, except when captured where they can inflict serious injuries when defending themselves with the "saw".
598:. Its total distribution covered almost 7,200,000 km (2,800,000 sq mi), more than any other species of sawfish, but it has disappeared from much of its historical range. The last record taken in the Mediterranean dates back to 1959.
712:) and "saw" (as novelty items) are highly valuable, and the meat is used as food. Because of the "saw" they are particularly prone to becoming entangled in fishing nets. Historically sawfish were also persecuted for the oil in their liver. In the
525:
Its upperparts are generally grey to yellowish-brown, often with a clear yellow tinge to the fins. Individuals in freshwater may have a reddish colour caused by blood suffusion below the skin. The underside is greyish or white.
760:
system in
Central America. It was once abundant in Lake Nicaragua (part of the San Juan River system), but this population rapidly crashed during the 1970s when tens of thousands were caught. It has been protected in
491:
The largetooth sawfish possibly reaches up to 7.5 m (25 ft) in total length, but the largest confirmed was a West
African individual that was 7 m (23 ft) long. An individual caught in 1951 at
2455:
511:
with angular tips, and the presence of a small lower tail lobe. In all other sawfish species the leading edge of their dorsal fin is placed at, or behind, the leading edge of the pelvic fins, and all other
654:
species, but the exact timing appears to vary depending on the region. The adult females can breed once every 1–2 years, the gestation period is about five months, and there are indications that mothers
605:
and marine waters to a depth of 25 m (82 ft), but mostly less than 10 m (33 ft). Nevertheless, the species does appear to have a greater affinity for freshwater habitats than the
2098:
1199:; De Carvalho, M.R.; Corrigan, S.; Naylor, G.J.P.; Séret, B.; Yang, L. (2016). "The Rays of the World project - an explanation of nomenclatural decisions". In Last, P.R.; Yearsley, G.R. (eds.).
2075:
633:
appear to spend most, if not all, of their life in freshwater, but tagging surveys indicate that at least some do move between this lake and the sea. Captive studies show that this
1622:
546:
coastal regions, but it also enters freshwater and has been recorded in rivers as far as 1,340 km (830 mi) from the sea. Historically, its East
Atlantic range was from
2714:
748:, but even it has experienced a decline. Other places in the Indo-Pacific where still present, even if in very low numbers, are off Eastern Africa, the Indian subcontinent and
667:
water near river mouths, but move into freshwater where the young spend the first 3–5 years of their life, sometimes as much as 400 km (250 mi) upriver. In the
2543:
2256:
2595:
2282:
813:
and South Africa, but illegal fishing continues, enforcement of fishing laws is often lacking and it has already disappeared from some of these countries.
740:
historical range. Only
Australia still has a relatively healthy population of the species and this may be the last remaining population in the entire
395:(claimed range: Atlantic and East Pacific) has historically caused considerable confusion, but evidence published in 2013 revealed that the three are
2517:
2230:
1732:
1154:
2556:
2269:
700:
As suggested by the alternative name common sawfish, it was once plentiful, but has now declined drastically leading to it being considered a
2734:
2621:
2308:
2035:
1780:
1606:
1111:
2744:
2673:
1559:
Wueringer, B.E.; L. Squire Jr; S.P. Collin (2009). "The biology of extinct and extant sawfish (Batoidea: Sclerorhynchidae and
Pristidae)".
1937:"Traditional fisher perceptions on the regional disappearance of the largetooth sawfish Pristis pristis from the central coast of Brazil"
1630:
332:. It is found worldwide in tropical and subtropical coastal regions, but also enters freshwater. It has declined drastically and is now
2491:
2204:
1888:
2099:"Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Final Endangered Listing of Five Species of Sawfish Under the Endangered Species Act"
2608:
1977:
1208:
1081:
785:
773:
has often been considered the last remaining stronghold, but interviews with locals indicate that sawfish now also are rare there.
2686:
2347:
650:
Sexual maturity is reached at a length of about 2.8–3 m (9.2–9.8 ft) when 7–10 years old. Breeding is seasonal in this
518:
sawfish species have shorter pectoral fins with less pointed tips and lack a distinct lower tail lobe (very small or none). The
2749:
2739:
2729:
2052:
1020:
780:
in 2007, thereby restricting international trade. As the first marine fish, there was an attempt of having it listed under the
575:
247:
2421:
1229:
872:
Sawfish occasionally lose teeth during their life and these are not replaced. Correct tooth count refers to actual teeth and
2561:
2274:
1432:
Nunes; Rincon; Piorski; Martins (2016). "Near-term embryos in a
Pristis pristis (Elasmobranchii: Pristidae) from Brazil".
663:
7) young in each litter, which are 72–90 cm (28–35 in) long at birth. They are likely typically born in salt or
74:
284:
2678:
2429:
2403:
1370:
Robillard, M.; Séret, B. (2006). "Cultural importance and decline of sawfish (Pristidae) populations in West Africa".
1348:
562:, but a review of records strongly suggests that this sea had a breeding population. Its West Atlantic range was from
456:
269:
1728:
1225:
1150:
696:
or "saw" from a largetooth sawfish with several teeth missing (black marks on ruler are 5 cm or 2 in apart)
2600:
2287:
757:
538:
A largetooth sawfish in
Australia, the only country that still has a relatively healthy population of this species.
41:
2120:
2724:
1151:"Pristis pristis — Freshwater Sawfish, Largetooth Sawfish, River Sawfish, Leichhardt's Sawfish, Northern Sawfish"
745:
111:
1818:"Whole mitogenome sequencing refines population structure of the Critically Endangered sawfish Pristis pristis"
1702:
1297:
280:
2022:
1857:
824:
1689:
1183:
339:
A range of
English names have been used for the species, or populations now part of the species, including
2144:
781:
2434:
1467:
1400:"Status and the potential for extinction of the largetooth sawfish Pristis pristis in the Atlantic Ocean"
1178:
Faria, V. V.; McDavitt, M. T.; Charvet, P.; Wiley, T. R.; Simpfendorfer, C. A.; Naylor, G. J. P. (2013).
2647:
1519:
Slaughter, Bob H.; Springer, Stewart (1968). "Replacement of Rostral Teeth in Sawfishes and Sawsharks".
701:
672:
largetooth sawfish is unknown, but four estimates suggested 30 years, 35 years, 44 years, and 80 years.
333:
226:
2182:
963:
2691:
2394:
2352:
1829:
798:
770:
400:
1626:
1180:
Species delineation and global population structure of Critically Endangered sawfishes (Pristidae).
729:
476:; bottom). Notice especially the width of the saw, the teeth on the saw, the shape of the tail and
59:
2587:
708:. The main threat is overfishing, but it also suffers from habitat loss. Both their fins (used in
1790:
1576:
1536:
606:
595:
559:
469:
428:
416:
376:
256:
106:
2652:
765:
since the early 1980s, but remains rare in the lake today, and is now threatened by the planned
590:
in Mexico. Historically it was widespread in the Indo-Pacific, ranging from South Africa to the
2548:
2261:
2634:
2574:
2442:
2321:
2191:
2097:
Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (12 December 2014).
2031:
1973:
1884:
1776:
1602:
1449:
1204:
1107:
1077:
693:
519:
388:
360:
183:
2639:
2076:"Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Endangered Status for the Largetooth Sawfish"
637:
species can thrive long-term in both salt and freshwater, regardless of its age, and that an
2719:
2613:
1948:
1837:
1665:
1568:
1528:
1441:
1411:
1312:
958:
777:
749:
736:
534:
493:
326:
2326:
1999:
1251:
2295:
2074:
Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (12 July 2011).
1802:
873:
853:
832:
816:
Largetooth sawfish, especially young, are sometimes eaten by crocodiles and large sharks.
766:
1497:
1908:
1833:
940:
2408:
728:
and neighbouring languages) are traditionally hunted for their saws, which are used in
725:
709:
630:
591:
571:
163:
153:
50:
2708:
2569:
1196:
1065:
1016:
949:
651:
622:
614:
586:, were likely imported from other countries. Its East Pacific range was from Peru to
567:
555:
461:
243:
79:
1935:
Reis-Filho; Freitas; Loiola; Leite; Soeiro; Oliveira; Sampaio; Nunes; Leduc (2016).
1771:
White, S.; K. Duke (2017). Smith; Warmolts; Thoney; Hueter; Murray; Ezcurra (eds.).
792:
under the ESA in 2011. Following taxonomic changes, the ESA listing was updated to
2447:
2196:
1580:
1399:
753:
741:
668:
656:
508:
477:
2460:
2665:
2582:
2530:
2388:
2339:
2243:
2176:
1654:"Clarifying the Range of the Endangered Largetooth Sawfish in the United States"
713:
638:
587:
543:
396:
17:
2379:
1572:
802:
634:
547:
504:
500:
485:
481:
355:(less frequently, other sawfish species also occur in freshwater and rivers),
2496:
2209:
2167:
2478:
762:
602:
329:
123:
1453:
1298:"Ghosts of the coast: global extinction risk and conservation of sawfishes"
985:
554:. There are old reports (last in the late 1950s or shortly after) from the
499:
The largetooth sawfish is easily recognized by the forward position of the
448:(both the genus and specific name) is derived from the Greek word for saw.
2300:
2504:
2373:
2217:
2161:
1913:
1670:
1653:
1296:
Dulvy; Davidson; Kyne; Simpfendorfer; Harrison; Carlson; Fordham (2014).
1029:
840:
664:
503:
with its leading edge placed clearly in front of the leading edge of the
404:
173:
143:
2470:
1690:
https://ciesm.org/marine/programs/skatesandrays/locally-extinct-species/
688:
2522:
2509:
2235:
2222:
1540:
810:
717:
676:
583:
563:
514:
507:(when the sawfish is seen from above or the side), the relatively long
322:
318:
203:
193:
2535:
1842:
1817:
1445:
2416:
2248:
1953:
1936:
1775:. Special Publication of the Ohio Biological Survey. pp. 75–85.
1415:
1317:
806:
551:
133:
2138:
1532:
407:
differences are lacking. As a consequence, recent authorities treat
2483:
819:
2660:
2334:
1073:
818:
687:
579:
533:
455:
434:
96:
90:
582:
are genuine. Other specimens, notably several claimed to be from
2626:
2313:
705:
307:
2142:
1224:
Eschmeyer, W.N.; R. Fricke; R. van der Laan (1 November 2017).
1106:(3 ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 44–45.
542:
The largetooth sawfish can be found worldwide in tropical and
2030:. IUCN Species Survival Commission’s Shark Specialist Group.
1881:
Field Guide to the Fishes of the Amazon, Orinoco, and Guianas
1816:
Feutry; Kyne; Pillans; Chen; Marthick; Morgan; Grewe (2015).
1398:
Fernandez-Carvalho; Imhoff; Faria; Carlson; Burgess (2013).
801:, Texas). Additionally it receives a level of protection in
659:
to give birth to their own young. There are 1–13 (average
675:
The largetooth sawfish is a predator that feeds on fish,
1182:
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 167: 136–164.
1104:
Marine Fishes of Tropical Australia and South East Asia
1068:; White; de Carvalho; Séret; Stehmann; Naylor (2016).
1729:"Pristis clavata — Dwarf Sawfish, Queensland Sawfish"
756:
estuary, but another important population is in the
2363:
2151:
1688:). Oct. 2022. Mendez L., Bacquet A. and F. Briand.
1599:
A Field Guide to Coastal Fishes from Texas to Maine
574:. Although there are claimed reports from several
964:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T18584848A58336780.en
809:, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, Nicaragua,
788:, but it was declined. However, it was listed as
1766:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1060:
441:: Atlantic, Indo-West Pacific and East Pacific.
1145:
1143:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1601:. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 82.
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1879:van der Sleen, P.; J.S. Albert, eds. (2017).
1291:
1289:
831:This species is the most numerous sawfish in
629:). Largetooth sawfish from the population in
8:
1592:
1590:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1427:
1425:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1203:. CSIRO Special Publication. pp. 1–10.
1201:Rays of the World: Supplementary Information
460:Comparison of the largetooth sawfish (top),
2715:IUCN Red List critically endangered species
2024:Sawfish: A Global Strategy for Conservation
1970:Archaeology, language, and the African past
1097:
1095:
1093:
835:, but it is often listed under the synonym
2139:
1902:
1900:
1883:. Princeton University Press. p. 69.
1347:Sullivan, T.; C. Elenberger (April 2012).
1174:
1172:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
578:, a review indicates that only those from
558:and these have typically been regarded as
343:(despite it being far from common today),
68:
49:
40:
31:
2021:Harrison, L.R.; N.K. Dulvy, eds. (2014).
1952:
1841:
1669:
1316:
962:
657:return to the region where they were born
2101:. Federal Register. pp. 73977–74005
2078:. Federal Register. pp. 40822–40836
1733:Department of the Environment and Energy
1684:Guide of Mediterranean Skates and Rays (
1155:Department of the Environment and Energy
1623:"The Mediterranean's Missing Sawfishes"
933:
931:
929:
927:
925:
923:
921:
919:
917:
915:
913:
889:
865:
1798:
1788:
911:
909:
907:
905:
903:
901:
899:
897:
895:
893:
576:Gulf Coast states in the United States
1404:Aquatic Conserv: Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst
1305:Aquatic Conserv: Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst
7:
2121:"Sawfish in Aquariums and the Media"
1184:doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2012.00872.x
1909:"Sawfish protection acquires teeth"
1860:. University of Florida. 2017-05-18
1858:"Largetooth Sawfish Global Records"
1709:. Florida Museum of Natural History
950:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
784:(ESA) in 2003 by the United States
1498:"Pristis pristis (Linnaeus, 1758)"
876:("tooth sockets") from lost teeth.
776:All sawfish species were added to
25:
1652:Seitz, J.C.; J.D. Waters (2018).
1629:. 22 January 2015. Archived from
786:National Marine Fisheries Service
744:that is of sufficient size to be
1597:Kells, V.; K. Carpenter (2015).
735:The largetooth sawfish has been
110:
1907:Black, Richard (11 June 2007).
359:(after explorer and naturalist
2123:. Sawfish Conservation Society
1822:Marine Ecology Progress Series
1500:. Sawfish Conservation Society
1470:. Sawfish Conservation Society
1230:California Academy of Sciences
823:Two largetooth sawfish at the
601:Adults are primarily found in
1:
2000:"Sawfish: The King of Fishes"
1250:Pollerspöck, J.; N. Straube.
660:
27:Species of cartilaginous fish
2735:Euryhaline fish of Nicaragua
594:, India, Southeast Asia and
2745:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
2051:Platt, J.R. (2 July 2013).
1658:Gulf and Caribbean Research
433:genes there are three main
2766:
2053:"Last Chance for Sawfish?"
1998:Leeney, Ruth (June 2017).
1701:Seitz, J.C. (2017-05-10).
480:, and the position of the
1573:10.1007/s11160-009-9112-7
1496:Whitty, J.; N. Phillips.
1186:Retrieved 26 August 2013.
262:
255:
232:
225:
107:Scientific classification
105:
88:
66:
57:
48:
39:
34:
1468:"Sawfish Identification"
1033:. November 2017 version.
1019:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
957:: e.T18584848A58336780.
530:Distribution and habitat
426:Based on an analysis of
1561:Rev Fish Biol Fisheries
1434:Journal of Fish Biology
1351:. University of Florida
825:Shanghai Ocean Aquarium
646:Behavior and life cycle
2750:ESA endangered species
2740:Fish of Lake Nicaragua
2730:Fish described in 1758
1968:Blench, Roger (2006).
1773:Husbandry of sawfishes
1254:. shark-references.com
828:
782:Endangered Species Act
769:. In West Africa, the
697:
539:
488:
474:Anoxypristis cuspidata
2648:Paleobiology Database
2055:. Scientific American
822:
702:critically endangered
691:
537:
459:
334:critically endangered
75:Critically Endangered
1941:Endanger Species Res
1671:10.18785/gcr.2901.05
1349:"Largetooth Sawfish"
986:"Appendices | CITES"
771:Bissagos Archipelago
720:, sawfish (known as
444:Its scientific name
357:Leichhardt's sawfish
1834:2015MEPS..533..237F
1633:on November 9, 2018
1627:National Geographic
1226:"Catalog of Fishes"
716:region of southern
60:Conservation status
35:Largetooth sawfish
2614:largetooth-sawfish
1972:. AltaMira Press.
1102:Allen, G. (1999).
1076:. pp. 59–66.
829:
698:
607:smalltooth sawfish
596:Northern Australia
540:
489:
470:knifetooth sawfish
349:freshwater sawfish
298:largetooth sawfish
2702:
2701:
2635:Open Tree of Life
2322:Open Tree of Life
2145:Taxon identifiers
2037:978-0-9561063-3-9
1843:10.3354/meps11354
1782:978-0-86727-166-9
1608:978-0-8018-9838-9
1446:10.1111/jfb.12946
1252:"Pristis pristis"
1113:978-0-7309-8363-7
1070:Rays of the World
389:Indo-West Pacific
361:Ludwig Leichhardt
294:
293:
277:Pristis perotteti
184:Rhinopristiformes
100:
83:
16:(Redirected from
2757:
2725:Pantropical fish
2695:
2694:
2682:
2681:
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2239:
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2213:
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2200:
2199:
2187:
2186:
2185:
2183:Pristis microdon
2172:
2171:
2170:
2153:Pristis microdon
2140:
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2018:
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1984:
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1954:10.3354/esr00711
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1675:
1673:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1619:
1613:
1612:
1594:
1585:
1584:
1556:
1545:
1544:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1493:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1440:(1): 1112–1120.
1429:
1420:
1419:
1416:10.1002/aqc.2394
1395:
1380:
1379:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1344:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1318:10.1002/aqc.2525
1302:
1293:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1193:
1187:
1176:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1147:
1118:
1117:
1099:
1088:
1087:
1062:
1035:
1034:
1013:
1000:
999:
997:
996:
982:
976:
975:
973:
971:
966:
935:
877:
870:
833:public aquariums
778:CITES Appendix I
750:Papua New Guinea
662:
494:Galveston, Texas
484:compared to the
387:(claimed range:
383:in relations to
365:northern sawfish
288:
273:
266:Pristis microdon
238:
115:
114:
94:
77:
72:
71:
53:
44:
32:
21:
18:Pristis microdon
2765:
2764:
2760:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2698:
2690:
2685:
2677:
2672:
2664:
2659:
2651:
2646:
2638:
2633:
2625:
2620:
2612:
2607:
2599:
2594:
2586:
2581:
2573:
2568:
2560:
2555:
2547:
2542:
2534:
2529:
2521:
2516:
2508:
2503:
2495:
2490:
2482:
2477:
2469:
2467:
2461:pristis-pristis
2459:
2454:
2446:
2441:
2433:
2428:
2422:pristis-pristis
2420:
2415:
2409:Pristis_pristis
2407:
2402:
2395:Pristis pristis
2393:
2392:
2387:
2378:
2377:
2372:
2365:Pristis pristis
2359:
2351:
2346:
2338:
2333:
2325:
2320:
2312:
2307:
2299:
2296:Observation.org
2294:
2286:
2281:
2273:
2268:
2260:
2255:
2247:
2242:
2234:
2229:
2221:
2216:
2208:
2203:
2195:
2190:
2181:
2180:
2175:
2166:
2165:
2160:
2147:
2137:
2136:
2126:
2124:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2104:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2081:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2058:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2038:
2027:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2005:
2003:
2002:. Save our Seas
1997:
1996:
1987:
1980:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1919:
1917:
1906:
1905:
1898:
1891:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1863:
1861:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1797:
1787:
1783:
1770:
1769:
1748:
1738:
1736:
1727:
1726:
1722:
1712:
1710:
1703:"Green sawfish"
1700:
1699:
1695:
1686:Pristis pristis
1683:
1679:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1636:
1634:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1609:
1596:
1595:
1588:
1558:
1557:
1548:
1533:10.2307/1442018
1518:
1517:
1513:
1503:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1483:
1473:
1471:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1431:
1430:
1423:
1397:
1396:
1383:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1354:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1326:
1300:
1295:
1294:
1267:
1257:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1234:
1232:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1211:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1177:
1170:
1160:
1158:
1149:
1148:
1121:
1114:
1101:
1100:
1091:
1084:
1064:
1063:
1038:
1023:Pristis pristis
1015:
1014:
1003:
994:
992:
984:
983:
979:
969:
967:
943:Pristis pristis
937:
936:
891:
886:
881:
880:
871:
867:
862:
854:Threatened rays
850:
767:Nicaragua Canal
704:species by the
686:
648:
532:
454:
381:Pristis pristis
373:
303:Pristis pristis
279:
268:
251:
240:
236:Pristis pristis
234:
221:
218:P. pristis
109:
101:
84:
73:
69:
62:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2763:
2761:
2753:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2707:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2683:
2670:
2657:
2644:
2631:
2618:
2605:
2592:
2579:
2566:
2553:
2540:
2527:
2514:
2501:
2488:
2475:
2465:
2452:
2439:
2426:
2413:
2400:
2385:
2369:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2357:
2344:
2331:
2318:
2305:
2292:
2279:
2266:
2253:
2240:
2227:
2214:
2201:
2188:
2173:
2157:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2143:
2135:
2134:
2112:
2089:
2066:
2043:
2036:
2013:
1985:
1978:
1960:
1947:(3): 189–200.
1927:
1896:
1890:978-0691170749
1889:
1871:
1849:
1808:
1781:
1746:
1720:
1693:
1677:
1644:
1614:
1607:
1586:
1567:(4): 445–464.
1546:
1527:(3): 499–506.
1511:
1481:
1459:
1421:
1410:(4): 478–497.
1381:
1362:
1324:
1311:(1): 134–153.
1265:
1242:
1216:
1209:
1188:
1168:
1119:
1112:
1089:
1082:
1036:
1017:Froese, Rainer
1001:
977:
888:
887:
885:
882:
879:
878:
864:
863:
861:
858:
857:
856:
849:
846:
758:San Juan River
710:shark fin soup
685:
682:
647:
644:
631:Lake Nicaragua
592:Horn of Africa
572:Gulf of Mexico
531:
528:
468:; middle) and
453:
450:
372:
369:
341:common sawfish
292:
291:
290:
289:
274:
260:
259:
253:
252:
241:
230:
229:
223:
222:
215:
213:
209:
208:
201:
197:
196:
191:
187:
186:
181:
177:
176:
171:
167:
166:
164:Elasmobranchii
161:
157:
156:
154:Chondrichthyes
151:
147:
146:
141:
137:
136:
131:
127:
126:
121:
117:
116:
103:
102:
89:
86:
85:
67:
64:
63:
58:
55:
54:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2762:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2693:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2466:
2462:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2405:
2401:
2396:
2390:
2386:
2381:
2375:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2354:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2193:
2189:
2184:
2178:
2174:
2169:
2163:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2141:
2122:
2116:
2113:
2100:
2093:
2090:
2077:
2070:
2067:
2054:
2047:
2044:
2039:
2033:
2026:
2025:
2017:
2014:
2001:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1981:
1979:9780759104655
1975:
1971:
1964:
1961:
1955:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1931:
1928:
1916:
1915:
1910:
1903:
1901:
1897:
1892:
1886:
1882:
1875:
1872:
1859:
1853:
1850:
1844:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1812:
1809:
1804:
1792:
1784:
1778:
1774:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1734:
1730:
1724:
1721:
1708:
1704:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1687:
1681:
1678:
1672:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1648:
1645:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1618:
1615:
1610:
1604:
1600:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1515:
1512:
1499:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1469:
1463:
1460:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1428:
1426:
1422:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1377:
1373:
1366:
1363:
1350:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1319:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1299:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1253:
1246:
1243:
1231:
1227:
1220:
1217:
1212:
1210:9781486308019
1206:
1202:
1198:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1156:
1152:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1109:
1105:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1085:
1083:9780643109148
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1032:
1031:
1026:
1024:
1018:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1002:
991:
987:
981:
978:
965:
960:
956:
952:
951:
946:
944:
934:
932:
930:
928:
926:
924:
922:
920:
918:
916:
914:
912:
910:
908:
906:
904:
902:
900:
898:
896:
894:
890:
883:
875:
869:
866:
859:
855:
852:
851:
847:
845:
842:
838:
834:
826:
821:
817:
814:
812:
808:
804:
800:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
774:
772:
768:
764:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
738:
733:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
695:
690:
683:
681:
678:
673:
670:
666:
658:
653:
652:ovoviviparous
645:
643:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
623:dwarf sawfish
620:
616:
615:green sawfish
612:
608:
604:
599:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
556:Mediterranean
553:
549:
545:
536:
529:
527:
523:
521:
517:
516:
510:
509:pectoral fins
506:
502:
497:
495:
487:
483:
479:
478:pectoral fins
475:
471:
467:
463:
462:green sawfish
458:
451:
449:
447:
442:
440:
436:
432:
430:
424:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
401:morphological
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
370:
368:
366:
362:
358:
354:
353:river sawfish
350:
346:
342:
337:
335:
331:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
309:
305:
304:
299:
286:
282:
278:
275:
271:
267:
264:
263:
261:
258:
254:
249:
245:
239:
237:
231:
228:
227:Binomial name
224:
220:
219:
214:
211:
210:
207:
206:
202:
199:
198:
195:
192:
189:
188:
185:
182:
179:
178:
175:
172:
169:
168:
165:
162:
159:
158:
155:
152:
149:
148:
145:
142:
139:
138:
135:
132:
129:
128:
125:
122:
119:
118:
113:
108:
104:
98:
92:
87:
81:
76:
65:
61:
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2364:
2152:
2125:. Retrieved
2115:
2103:. Retrieved
2092:
2080:. Retrieved
2069:
2057:. Retrieved
2046:
2023:
2016:
2004:. Retrieved
1969:
1963:
1944:
1940:
1930:
1918:. Retrieved
1912:
1880:
1874:
1862:. Retrieved
1852:
1825:
1821:
1811:
1772:
1737:. Retrieved
1723:
1711:. Retrieved
1706:
1696:
1685:
1680:
1661:
1657:
1647:
1635:. Retrieved
1631:the original
1617:
1598:
1564:
1560:
1524:
1520:
1514:
1502:. Retrieved
1472:. Retrieved
1462:
1437:
1433:
1407:
1403:
1375:
1371:
1365:
1353:. Retrieved
1308:
1304:
1256:. Retrieved
1245:
1233:. Retrieved
1219:
1200:
1191:
1179:
1159:. Retrieved
1103:
1069:
1028:
1022:
993:. Retrieved
989:
980:
968:. Retrieved
954:
948:
942:
868:
836:
830:
815:
793:
790:P. perotteti
789:
775:
742:Indo-Pacific
734:
721:
699:
684:Conservation
674:
669:Amazon basin
649:
626:
618:
611:P. pectinata
610:
600:
541:
524:
513:
498:
490:
473:
465:
445:
443:
438:
427:
425:
420:
413:P. perotteti
412:
408:
393:P. perotteti
392:
384:
380:
374:
364:
356:
352:
348:
345:wide sawfish
344:
340:
338:
315:P. perotteti
314:
310:
302:
301:
297:
295:
281:J. P. Müller
276:
265:
235:
233:
217:
216:
204:
170:Superorder:
29:
2583:NatureServe
2531:iNaturalist
2389:Wikispecies
2244:iNaturalist
2177:Wikispecies
2127:17 November
2105:17 November
2082:17 November
2059:27 November
2006:28 February
1920:11 November
1864:17 November
1828:: 237–244.
1799:|work=
1739:18 November
1713:14 November
1707:Ichthyology
1504:17 November
1474:17 November
1378:(4): 23–30.
1355:11 November
1258:11 November
1235:11 November
1161:11 November
837:P. microdon
730:masquerades
714:Niger Delta
639:acclimation
544:subtropical
505:pelvic fins
486:pelvic fins
452:Description
409:P. microdon
397:conspecific
385:P. microdon
311:P. microdon
2709:Categories
1637:9 November
1197:Last, P.R.
995:2022-01-14
884:References
805:, Brazil,
803:Bangladesh
794:P. pristis
737:extirpated
635:euryhaline
627:P. clavata
619:P. zijsron
548:Mauritania
501:dorsal fin
482:dorsal fin
466:P. zijsron
439:P. pristis
421:P. pristis
160:Subclass:
93:Appendix I
1801:ignored (
1791:cite book
1664:: 15–22.
990:cites.org
841:Studbooks
763:Nicaragua
603:estuaries
568:Caribbean
330:Pristidae
212:Species:
194:Pristidae
130:Kingdom:
124:Eukaryota
2661:Species+
2588:2.101971
2575:18584848
2549:10148968
2505:FishBase
2380:Q1094698
2374:Wikidata
2335:Species+
2262:11396612
2218:FishBase
2162:Wikidata
1914:BBC News
1454:27060457
1030:FishBase
848:See also
692:A large
677:molluscs
665:brackish
588:Mazatlán
570:and the
560:vagrants
417:synonyms
377:taxonomy
371:Taxonomy
257:Synonyms
244:Linnaeus
190:Family:
174:Batoidea
144:Chordata
140:Phylum:
134:Animalia
120:Domain:
80:IUCN 3.1
2720:Pristis
2640:3594619
2601:1577861
2523:5216276
2236:5216285
2168:Q692258
1830:Bibcode
1581:3352391
1541:1442018
874:alveoli
827:, China
811:Senegal
718:Nigeria
694:rostrum
621:), and
584:Florida
566:to the
564:Uruguay
520:rostrum
515:Pristis
446:Pristis
405:genetic
325:in the
323:sawfish
319:species
317:) is a
205:Pristis
200:Genus:
180:Order:
150:Class:
95: (
78: (
2692:105849
2653:154631
2627:105849
2562:160810
2536:110381
2497:124684
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