864:, but soon cashed out of the partnership leaving only the name; Paley acquired the fledgling radio network in 1928.) On January 3, 1939, Wallerstein left RCA Victor to become president of the CBS phonograph subsidiary, a position he would hold for twelve years. CBS kept the ARC name for three months. then on April 4, it amended the New York Department of State record of "Columbia Phonograph Company, Inc.," naming several of its own employees to directorships, and announced in a press release, "The American Record Co. tag is discarded". Columbia Records was actually reborn on May 22, 1939, as "Columbia Recording Corporation, Inc.", a Delaware corporation. The NYDOS shows a later incorporation date of April 4, 1947. This corporation changed its name to Columbia Records, Inc. on October 11, 1954, and reverted to Columbia Recording Corporation on January 2, 1962. The Columbia trademark remained under Columbia Records, Inc. of Delaware, filed back in 1929. Brothers Ike and Leon Levy owned stakes in CBS.
1860:, but the singles barely made a dent in the charts, the best performer being "Omaha", which lasted a mere three weeks on the Hot 100 reaching only No. 88. The other charter, "Hey Grandma", only reached the Bubbling Under chart and faded within a week. Also, there were some complaints about the obscene gesture made to the American flag on the front cover that had to be edited out on the second pressing, not to mention that the group started to decline in sales after that. The return on all the promotional budget for the singles realized nothing. Although the group made two more albums, this particular publicity stunt was never again attempted by Columbia or any other major label.
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personality, becoming (in Asher's words) "wild, menacing, crude, and above all, very loud". In Dannen's view, Yetnikoff was probably over-compensating for his naturally sensitive and generous personality, and that he had little hope of being recognised as a "record man" (someone with a musical ear and an intuitive understanding of current trends and artists' intentions) because he was tone-deaf, so he instead determined to become a "colourful character". Yetnikoff soon became notorious for his violent temper and regular tantrums: "He shattered glassware, spewed a mixture of
Yiddish and barnyard epithets, and had people physically ejected from the CBS building."
2927:. This complex, nicknamed "The Church" due to it having been built within an 1875 building that was originally constructed as a Christian church, was considered by some in the music industry to be the best-sounding room of its time, and many consider it to have been the greatest recording studio in history. CBS never took up the option to buy the building outright, giving up its lease and closing the studio in 1981. In spite of the building's inherent heritage status and its cultural significance, it was sold to developers in 1985, demolished, and replaced by a high-rise apartment complex.
2042:. This presented a catalog numbering system challenge as Columbia had used a four-digit catalog number for 13 years, and CS-10000 seemed cumbersome. Columbia decided to start issuing albums at CS-1000 instead, preserving the four-digit catalog number. However, this resulted in the reuse of numbers previously used in 1957–58, although the prefix was now different. In July 1970, the cataloging department implemented a new system, combining all their labels into a unified catalog numbering system starting with 30000, with the prefix letter indicating the label: C for Columbia, E for
1255:, and that division's iconic Eye logo. Columbia continued to use the "notes and mike" logo on record labels and even used a promo label showing both logos until the "notes and mike" was phased out (along with the 78 in the US) in 1958. In Canada, Columbia 78s were pressed with the "Walking Eye" logo in 1958. The original Walking Eye was tall and solid; it was modified in 1961 to the familiar one still used today (pictured on this page), despite the fact that the Walking Eye was used only sporadically during most of the 1990s.
3521:
526:
680:, the manufacturers of Majestic radios and refrigerators. When Grigsby-Grunow declared bankruptcy in November 1933, Columbia was placed in receivership, and in June 1934, the company was sold to Sacro Enterprises Inc. ("Sacro") for $ 70,000. Sacro was incorporated a few days before the sale in New York. Public documents do not contain any names. Many suspect that it was a shell corporation set up by Consolidated Films Industries, Inc. ("CFI") to hold the Columbia stock, while its subsidiary,
63:
2365:
Records' expenses, Asher was dismayed to discover that hiring these independent promoters was now costing CBS alone as much as $ 10 million per year. When Asher took over CBS' UK division in 1972, a freelance promoter might only charge $ 100 per week, but by 1979 the top
American independent promoters had organized themselves into a loose collective known as "The Network", and their fees were now running into the tens millions of dollars per year, Music historian
1107:
the top and the mono information printed on the bottom. For stereo issues, they moved the front slick down so the stereo information was showing at the top, and the mono information was bent around the bottom to the back and "pasted over" by the back slick. Conversely, for a mono album, they moved the slick up so the mono information showed at the bottom, and the stereo information was pasted over. Soon, other record companies had adopted the paste-over method.
346:
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labels first, resulting in a mixture of labels for some given releases. Some are known with the CBS text on mono albums, and not on stereo of the same album, and vice versa; diggings brought up pressings with the CBS text on one side and not on the other. Many, but certainly not all, of the early numbers with the "ledge" variation (i.e., no deep groove), had the small "CBS". This text would be used on the
Columbia labels until June 1962.
724:. It tried a marketing ploy, the Columbia "Royal Blue Record", a brilliant blue laminated product with matching label. Royal Blue issues, made from late 1932 through 1935, are particularly popular with collectors for their rarity and musical interest. The Columbia plant in Oakland, California, did Columbia's pressings for sale west of the Rockies and continued using the Royal Blue material for these until about mid-1936.
875:, was not expected to transition over as easily. "It is understood that CBS and the Levys are not interested in retaining American Record's hillbilly department, and that Art Satherly, who has been running this section for many years, will take it out of the company with him". Fortunately, to the delight of many, this did not happen, and Art went on to many more successful years supervising all aspects of Columbia's
2585:
839:("CBS"), Edward Wallerstein, a high executive with RCA Victor from 1932 thru 1938, was asked to comment on ARC. "The chief value was that the record industry had come back tremendously, especially in the case of two other record companies; and the American Record Company, with all its facilities, had not, so far as I could learn, increased its business in any degree at all in the previous six years."
2277:
751:
factory workers and
Columbia management. In a career with Columbia that lasted 30 years, Greenspon retired after achieving the position of executive vice president of the company. Columbia also hired talent scout, music writer, producer, and impresario John Hammond in 1937. Alongside his significance as a discoverer, promoter, and producer of jazz, blues, and folk artists during the
1124:
1640:, whom he signed to the label, initially as a harmonica player. Dylan's self-titled debut album was released in March 1962 and sold only moderately. Some executives in Columbia dubbed Dylan "Hammond's folly" and suggest that Dylan be dropped from the label. But John Hammond and Johnny Cash defended Dylan, who over the next four years became one of Columbia's highest earning acts.
509:, as "Columbia Indestructible Records". In July 1912, Columbia decided to concentrate exclusively on disc records and ended production of cylinder phonographs, although Indestructible cylinders continued to be sold under the Columbia label for a few more years. Columbia was split into two companies, one to make records and one to make players. Columbia Phonograph relocated to
1558:
Newer machines used parts with a slightly different geometry, that only left a small "ledge" where the deep groove used to be. This changeover did not happen all at once, as different plants replaced machines at different times, leaving the possibility that both deep groove and ledge varieties could be original pressings. The changeover took place starting in late 1961.
370:
1116:
420:'s breakup. Thereafter, it sold only records and phonographs of its own manufacture. In 1902, Columbia introduced the "XP" record, a molded brown wax record, to use up old stock. Columbia introduced black wax records in 1903. According to one source, they continued to mold brown waxes until 1904 with the highest number being 32601, "Heinie", which is a duet by
6073:
2983:, the company replaced Bradley Studio A with a building containing a newer, larger studio A, mixing and mastering studios, and administrative offices. Columbia operated these studios from 1962 through 1982, when they were converted into office space. Philanthropist Mike Curb bought the structure in 2006 and restored it; it is now a recording classroom for
1412:, which sold over 5 million copies worldwide in 1957, becoming the most successful LP ever released up to that time. Lieberson also convinced long-serving CBS President William S. Paley to become the sole backer of the original Broadway production, a $ 500,000 investment which subsequently earned the company some $ 32 million in profits.
358:
486:. After an abortive attempt in 1904 to manufacture discs with the recording grooves stamped into both sides of each disc—not just one—in 1908 Columbia commenced successful mass production of what they called their "Double-Faced" discs, the 10-inch variety initially selling for 65 cents each. Columbia also introduced the internal-horn "
2072:. Chronologically, Columbia issued at least one album in this series in August, but by that time, the CBS Consolidated 30000 series, which started issuing albums in July with the new label design, was well underway, having issued nearly 100 albums. The system was later expanded with even more prefix letters (including R and V for
2361:
British division of CBS from loss to profit. Backe considered him to be honest and trustworthy, and he appealed to Asher's loyalty to the company. Employees at CBS thought Asher was a bore and an interloper. He cut back on expenses and on perks like limousines and restaurants. His relationship with
Yetnikoff deteriorated.
1790:
When Mitch Miller retired in 1965, Columbia was at a turning point. Miller's disdain for rock and roll and pop rock had dominated
Columbia's A&R policy. Sales of Broadway soundtracks and Mitch Miller's singalong series were waning. Pretax earnings had flattened to about $ 5 million annually.
1601:, one of the leading Australian independent recording and distribution companies of the day. The CBS Coronet label was replaced by the CBS label with the 'walking eye' logo in 1963. ARC continued trading under that name until the late 1970s when it formally changed its business name to CBS Australia.
1144:
away from the
Mercury label in 1950. Despite its many successes, Columbia remained largely uninvolved in the teenage rock'n'roll market until the mid-1960s, despite a handful of crossover hits, largely because of Miller's frequently expressed loathing of rock'n'roll. (Miller was a classically trained
1136:
to market
Columbia recordings outside North America. EMI continued to distribute Okeh and later Epic label recordings until 1968. EMI also continued to distribute Columbia recordings in Australia and New Zealand. American Columbia was not happy with EMI's reluctance to introduce long playing records.
1106:
Columbia discovered that printing two front cover slicks, one for mono and one for stereo, was inefficient and therefore needlessly costly. Starting in the summer of 1959 with some of the albums released in August, they went to the "paste-over" front slick, which had the stereo information printed on
1035:
rpm vinyl disk, the first LP is the
Mendelssohn Violin Concerto in E minor played by Nathan Milstein with Bruno Walter conducting the New York Philharmonic (then called the Philharmonic-Symphony Orchestra of New York), Columbia ML 4001, found in the Columbia Record Catalog for 1949, published in July
2203:
for "discrete" four-channel playback unlike the
Columbia "matrix" system. Although the Columbia process was simpler and quite effective, many consumers were confused by competing systems and sales of both were disappointing. Columbia released its last quadraphonic recordings in 1978. Starting in the
882:
On August 30, 1939, Columbia replaced its $ .75 Brunswick record for a $ .50 Columbia label. Brunswick was gradually phased out, the final issue being Brunswick 8520, in April 1940. Wallerstein and Paley knew in advance that their course of action would lead to violation of the 1931 Brunswick lease
1517:
As far as the catalog numbering system went, there was no correlation between mono and stereo versions for the first few years. Columbia started a new CS 8000 series for pop stereo releases, and figuring the stereo releases as some sort of specialty niche records, didn't bother to link the mono and
1102:
Many album covers put together by Columbia and the other major labels were put together using one piece of cardboard (folded in half) and two paper "slicks", one for the front and one for the back. The front slick bent around the top, bottom, and left sides (the right side is open for the record to
703:
labels to ARC. WB would receive a portion of the sales of its catalogues, while ARC was free to use the labels for new recordings. Brunswick immediately became the premium $ .75 label, Melotone would release new hillbilly and other $ .35 dime-store discounted discs, and Vocalion, while re-releasing
554:
Louis Sterling, managing director of the Columbia Graphophone Company, had been the moving force behind bringing Western Electric's recording process, and the British takeover. Originally from New York, Sterling became Chairman of Columbia NY from 1925 until 1931, and oversaw stability and success.
2360:
from Vice President of Business Affairs to Deputy President. Charged with cutting costs and restoring profits, Asher was reportedly reluctant to take on the role. He was worried that Yetnikoff would resent his promotion. But Backe had confidence in Asher's experience. In 1972, Asher had turned the
1557:
By the latter half of 1961, Columbia started using pressing plants with newer equipment. The "deep groove" pressings were made on older pressing machines, where the groove was an artifact of the metal stamper being affixed to a round center "block" to assure the resulting record would be centered.
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and Bob Wills, and re-issuing past Vocalion discs, using the same catalogue numbers with a leading zero added. When a January 1941 audit found that not more than 150,000 Brunswick records had sold during the period from December 1, 1939, through December 31, 1940, control of the loaned trademarks
2364:
Asher became increasingly concerned about the huge and rapidly growing cost of hiring independent agents, who were paid to promote new singles to radio station program directors. "Indies" had been used by record labels for many years to promote new releases, but as he methodically delved into CBS
1098:
was recorded in 1949. Both conventional metal masters and tape were used in the sessions in New York City. For some reason, the taped version was not used until Sony released it as part of a set of CDs devoted to Columbia's Broadway albums. Over the years, Columbia joined Decca and RCA Victor in
980:
relates: "He was no inventor—he was simply a man who seized an idea whose time was ripe and begged, ordered, and cajoled a thousand men into bringing into being the now accepted medium of the record business." Despite Wallerstein's stormy tenure, in June 1948, Columbia introduced the Long Playing
750:
In 1935, Herbert M. Greenspon, an 18-year-old shipping clerk, led a committee to organize the first trade union shop at the main manufacturing factory in Bridgeport, Connecticut. Elected as president of the Congress of Industrial Unions (CIO) local, Greenspon negotiated the first contract between
1040:
in Washington DC now holds the Columbia Records Paperwork Archive which shows the Label order for ML 4001 being written on March 1, 1948. One can infer that Columbia was pressing the first LPs for distribution to their dealers for at least 3 months prior to the introduction of the LP on June 21,
2735:
In January 2006, Sony BMG UK split its front-line operations into two separate labels: RCA Label Group, mainly dealing with Pop and R&B and Columbia Label Group, mainly dealing with Rock, Dance and Alternative music (although this remit has widened in recent years). Domestic artists include
1585:
While this happened, starting in late 1961, both the mono and the stereo labels of domestic Columbia releases started carrying a small "CBS" at the top of the label. This was not something that changed at a certain date, but rather, pressing plants were told to use up the stock of old (pre-CBS)
1477:-inch tape, using an Ampex 300-3 machine). Bernstein combined the Nativity and Resurrection sections, and ended the performance with the death of Christ. As with RCA Victor, most of the early stereo recordings were of classical artists, including the New York Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by
1397:
as the top recording company in the world, boasting a star-studded roster of artists and an unmatched catalogue of popular, jazz, classical and stage and screen soundtrack titles. Lieberson, who had joined Columbia as an A&R manager in 1938, was known for both his personal elegance and his
1072:
to begin releasing LPs in 1949. Even before the LP record was officially demonstrated, Columbia offered to share the new speed with rival RCA Victor, who initially rejected it and soon introduced their new competitive 45 RPM record. When it became clear that the LP was the preferred format for
777:
and other jazz performers during a time when the economy was bad enough that many of them would not have had the opportunity to enter a studio and play real jazz (a handful of these in this special series were issued in the US). Hammond's work for Columbia was interrupted by his service during
1529:
album issued as CL-1510. From that point, the stereo numbers on pop albums were exactly 6800 higher than the mono; stereo classical albums were the mono number plus 600; and showtunes releases were the mono number MINUS 3600. Only the last two digits in the respective catalog series' matched.
1513:
Columbia released its first pop stereo albums in the summer of 1958. All of the first dozen or so were stereo versions of albums already available in mono. It was not until September 1958, that Columbia began simultaneous mono/stereo releases. Mono versions of otherwise stereo recordings were
1131:
In 1951, Columbia US began issuing records in the 45 rpm format RCA Victor had introduced two years earlier. The same year, Ted Wallerstein retired as Columbia Records chairman; and Columbia US also severed its decades-long distribution arrangement with EMI and signed a distribution deal with
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2008 Page 49 "1947.. The following year Columbia made what it regarded as record history, introducing the first twelve-inch LP, Mendelssohn's Violin Concerto in E minor, with violinist Nathan Milstein and the New York Philharmonic Orchestra, Bruno Walter ... Within a year and a half of the
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on NBC. The show was based on Miller's 'folksy' but appealing 'chorus' style performance of popular standards. During its four-season run, the series promoted Miller's "Singalong" albums, which sold over 20 million units, and received a 34% audience share when it was cancelled in 1964.
2232:
In 1975, Walter Yetnikoff was promoted to become President of Columbia Records, and his vacated position as President of CBS Records International was filled by Dick Asher. At this point, according to music historian Frederic Dannen, the shy and introverted Yetnikoff began to transform his
2456:, a firm which generally had not used them since the early 1970s. The CBS Records label was officially renamed Columbia Records on January 1, 1991, worldwide except Spain (where Sony got the rights in 2004 by forming a joint venture with BMG) and Japan. CBS Masterworks Records was renamed
2555:
Classic Bold typeface. Columbia experimented with bringing back the "Notes and Mic" logo but without the CBS mark on the microphone. That logo is currently used in the "Columbia Jazz" series of jazz releases and reissues. A modified "Magic Notes" logo is found on the logo for
1578:, in 1962. This subsidiary label released Columbia recordings outside the US and Canada on the CBS label (until 1964 marketed by Philips in Britain). The recordings could not be released under the Columbia Records name because EMI operated a separate record label by that name,
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paying them to promote the new Pink Floyd single. The results were immediate and deeply troubling – not one of the major radio stations in Los Angeles would program the record, despite the fact that the group was in town, performing the first seven concerts on their elaborate
2054:, and Z for every other label that CBS distributed (collectively referred to as CBS Associated). The prefix letter G was also used for two album sets—or the number of records in the set after the label letter, such as KC2. The first CBS album released under the new system was
1543:
magazine (page 5), Columbia announced it would issue "rechanneled" versions of greatest hits compilations that had been recorded in mono, including albums by Doris Day, Frankie Laine, Percy Faith, Mitch Miller, Marty Robbins, Dave Brubeck, Miles Davis, and Johnny Mathis.
1000:
By the early 1940s, Columbia had been experimenting with higher fidelity recordings, as well as longer masters, which paved the way for the successful release of the LPs in 1948. One such record that helped set a new standard for music listeners was the 10" LP reissue of
2412:
racket, and that the operation could well be linked to organized crime – a concern vehemently dismissed by Yetnikoff, who resolutely defended the "indies" and declared them to be "mensches". But Dick Asher now knew that The Network's real power lay in their ability to
834:
By 1937–38, the record business in America was finally recovering from the near-death blow of the Great Depression, at least for RCA Victor and Decca, but privately, there were doubts about the survival of ARC. In a 1941 court case brought by unhappy shareholders of
2349:(from 1971 to 1976). But the music industry was in financial decline. Total sales fell by 11%, the biggest drop since World War II. In 1979, CBS had a pre-tax income of $ 51 million and sales of over $ 1 billion. The label laid off hundreds of employees.
975:
Columbia's president Edward Wallerstein was instrumental in steering Paley towards the ARC purchase. He set his talents to his goal of hearing an entire movement of a symphony on one side of an album. Ward Botsford writing for the Twenty-Fifth Anniversary Issue of
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era, but when he returned to work as a talent scout for Columbia in the 1950s, his career proved to be of incalculable historical and cultural importance – the list of superstar artists he would discover and sign to Columbia over the course of his career included
2550:
The acquisition of rights to the Columbia trademarks by EMI (including the "Magic Notes" logo) presented the company with a dilemma of which logo to use. For much of the 1990s, Columbia released its albums without a logo, just the "COLUMBIA" word mark in the
907:
series until it was later changed to a green label before switching to a gray label in the late 1950s, and then to the bronze that is familiar to owners of Columbia/CBS classical and Broadway albums. Columbia Phonograph Company of Canada did not survive the
2407:
to rave reviews and sold-out crowds. Asher was already worried about the growing power of The Network, and the fact it operated entirely outside the control of the label, but he was profoundly dismayed to realize that "The Network" was in effect a huge
1398:
dedication to quality, overseeing the release of many hugely successful albums and singles, as well as championing prestige releases that sold relatively poorly, and even some titles that had limited appeal, such as complete editions of the works of
859:
of the Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc. for US$ 700,000,. ten times the price ARC paid in 1934, which would later spark lawsuits by disgruntled shareholders. (Columbia Records had originally co-founded CBS in 1927 along with New York talent agent
2560:. In mid to late 1999, it was eventually decided that the "Walking Eye" (previously the CBS Records logo outside North America) would be Columbia's logo, with the retained Columbia word mark design, throughout the world except in Japan where
891:
The Columbia trademark from this point until the late 1950s was two overlapping circles with the Magic Notes in the left circle and a CBS microphone in the right circle. The Royal Blue labels were dropped in favor of a deep red, which caused
871:("Studio A"). Corporate offices, studio and Pressing Plant would also continue at 1473 Barnum Avenue, Bridgeport, CT. John Hammond was hired by Wallerstein as "Associate Director Popular Recording" (at 7th Ave). Another executive from ARC,
2484:
Will Botwin was recruited in 1996 to serve as a Senior Vice President. In 1998, he was appointed Executive Vice President/General Manager and worked closely with many of the label's established artists, as well as newer performers such as
1880:
had relocated to the UK, where he only found out about the single being a hit via the music press. The dramatic success of the song prompted Simon to return to the US; the duo reformed, and they soon became one of the flagship acts of the
923:
recorded for Columbia and helped to substantially boost the company's revenue. Sinatra recorded over 200 songs for Columbia which include his most popular songs from his early years. Other popular artists on Columbia at this time included
1392:
was promoted to President of the entire CBS recording division, which included Columbia and Epic, as well as the company's various international divisions and licensees. Under his leadership the corporation's music division soon overtook
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2012 Page 107 "The first classical LP was the Mendelssohn Violin Concerto with Nathan Milstein, Bruno Walter, and the New York Philharmonic-Symphony, Columbia ML-4001. RCA capitulated in 1950, leaving 45s as the medium of choice for pop
3004:
also recorded in Liederkranz Hall in the late 1920s). The producer Morty Palitz had been instrumental in convincing Columbia Records to begin to use the Liederkranz Hall studio for recording music, additionally convincing the conductor
2236:
In 1976, Columbia Records of Canada was renamed CBS Records Canada Ltd. The Columbia label continued to be used by CBS Canada, but the CBS label was introduced for French-language recordings. On May 5, 1979, Columbia Masterworks began
739:, a hugely successful relationship which continued into the 1970s. A signature group of southern gospel, the Chuck Wagon Gang became Columbia's bestsellers with at least 37 million records, many of them through the aegis of the
1103:
be inserted into the cover) and glued the two halves of cardboard together at the top and bottom. The back slick is pasted over the edges of the pasted-on front slick to make it appear that the album cover is one continuous piece.
1497:
for Columbia. Some sessions were made with the Columbia Symphony Orchestra, an ensemble drawn from leading New York musicians, which had first made recordings with Sir Thomas Beecham in 1949 in Columbia's New York City studios.
2006:
Well, when you're in the studio, they bring out all these "sweeteners" and things they have, and while you're there, you say, yeah, that sounds good. But then you get the album home and you almost can't hear yourself under all
1533:
Pop stereo LPs got into the high 9000s by 1970, when CBS Records revamped and unified its catalog numbering system across all its labels. Masterworks classical albums were in the 7000s, while showtunes stayed in the low 2000s.
2995:
Columbia also recorded in the highly respected Liederkranz Hall, at 111 East 58th Street between Park and Lexington Avenues, in New York City, it was built by and formerly belonged to a German cultural and musical society,
2002:. The multitude of instruments added to his usual solo guitar were all done "tastefully", of course, but was not really on par with Rush's audience expectations. He commented to record label historian Mike Callahan:
497:
During this era, Columbia began to use the "Magic Notes" logo—a pair of sixteenth notes (semiquavers) in a circle—both in the United States and overseas (where this particular logo would never substantially change).
2812:
department semi-autonomy for many years and through the 1950s, had a 20,000 series catalog for country music singles while the rest of Columbia's output of singles had a 30,000, then 40,000 series catalog number.
304:. Columbia is the oldest surviving brand name in the recorded sound business, and the second major company to produce records. From 1961 to 1991, its recordings were released outside North America under the name
1592:
With the formation of CBS Records International, CBS started establishing its own distribution in the early 1960s, beginning in Australia. In 1960 CBS took over its distributor in Australia and New Zealand, the
1270:, Columbia became the most vital label to the general public's appreciation and understanding (with help from Avakian's prolific and perceptive play-by-play liner notes) of jazz, releasing a series of LP's by
2564:
has the rights to the Columbia trademark to this day and continues to use the "Magic Notes" logo. In Japan, CBS/Sony Records was renamed Sony Records in 1991 and stopped using the "Walking Eye" logo in 1998.
669:). Since the Gramophone Company (HMV) was now a wholly owned subsidiary of Victor, and Columbia in America was a subsidiary of UK Columbia, Victor now technically owned its largest rival in the US. To avoid
1518:
stereo numbers for two years. Masterworks classical LPs had an MS 6000 series, while showtunes albums on Masterworks were OS 2000. Finally, in 1960, the pop stereo series jumped from 8300 to 8310 to match
474:, but the technical standard of Columbia's Grand Opera series was not considered to be as high as the results achieved with opera singers during the pre–World War I period by Victor, Edison, England's
443:, and phonographs in addition to the cylinder system in 1901, preceded only by their "Toy Graphophone" of 1899, which used small, vertically cut records. For a decade, Columbia competed with both the
1945:
to Columbia in 1969, and both were given what was known as "the pop treatment" by the label. Hoyt Axton had been a folk/blues singer-songwriter since the early 1960s, when he made several albums for
1445:
Although Columbia began recording in stereo in 1956, stereo LPs did not begin to be manufactured until 1958. One of Columbia's first stereo releases was an abridged and re-structured performance of
1975:
was described as "the poster child for 'overproduced,' full of all kinds of instruments and even strings". After that album, Axton left and joined Capitol Records, where his next albums contained "
4992:
4403:
4401:
4523:
2058:'s self-titled album on Fillmore Records, assigned with F 30001 (the earliest Fillmore albums had the 'F' prefix, rather than a 'Z'), while the first actual Columbia release under the system was
1818:. Joplin led the way for several generations of female rock and rollers. However, Columbia/CBS still had a hand in traditional pop and jazz and one of its key acquisitions during this period was
761:, Hammond had arranged for the struggling US Columbia label to provide recordings for the UK Columbia label, mostly using the specially created Columbia W-265000 matrix series. Hammond recorded
2516:
under which it operated as an imprint. In July 2011, as part of further corporate restructuring, Epic was split from the Columbia/Epic Group as Epic took in multiple artists from Jive Records.
1537:
Columbia's engineering department developed a process for emulating stereo from a mono source. They called this process "Electronically Rechanneled for Stereo". In the June 16, 1962, issue of
1868:
Arguably the most commercially successful Columbia pop act of this period, other than Bob Dylan, was Simon & Garfunkel. The duo scored a surprise No. 1 hit in 1965 when Columbia producer
1514:
discontinued in 1968. To celebrate the 10th anniversary of the introduction of the LP, in 1958 Columbia initiated the "Adventures in Sound" series that showcased music from around the world.
413:. As was the custom of some of the regional phonograph companies, Columbia produced many commercial cylinder recordings of its own, and its catalogue of musical records in 1891 was 10 pages.
1899:", but progress slowed during 1966–67 as Simon struggled with writer's block and the demands of constant touring. They shot back to the top in 1968 after Simon agreed to write songs for the
2394:
LP chart in early 1980, but few in the industry knew that Dick Asher was in fact using the single as a covert experiment to test the extent of the pernicious influence of The Network – by
1758:, a vocal group consisting of Ernie Bringas and Phil Stewart, and turned it into a rock group through production techniques. The group had hits in "Here I Stand", a remake of the song by
4128:
2433:
The structure of US Columbia remained the same until 1980, when it spun off the classical/Broadway unit, Columbia Masterworks Records, into a separate imprint, CBS Masterworks Records.
1330:
In 1954, Columbia embraced small-group modern jazz by signing of the Dave Brubeck Quartet, which resulted in the release of the on-location, best-selling jazz album (up to this time),
1036:
1948. The other "LP's" listed in the catalog were in the 10 inch format starting with ML 2001 for the light classics, CL 6001 for popular songs and JL 8001 for children's records. The
6133:
2840:, the most notable of which were in New York City, Nashville, Hollywood and San Francisco. Columbia's first recording studio was established in 1913, after the company moved into the
1822:. She released her first solo album on Columbia in 1963 and remains with the label to this day. Additionally, the label kept Miles Davis on the roster, and his late 1960s recordings,
823:, and in the early 1960s Hammond would also exert an enormous cultural effect on the emerging rock music scene thanks to his championing of reissue LPs of the music of blues artists
3535:
1099:
specializing in albums devoted to Broadway musicals with members of the original casts. In the 1950s, Columbia also began releasing LPs drawn from the soundtracks of popular films.
2099:, Columbia Records entered the West Coast rock market, opening a state-of-the art recording studio (which was located at 827 Folsom St. in San Francisco and later morphed into the
1011:
was arguably Columbia's hottest commodity and his artistic vision combined with the direction Columbia were taking the medium of music, both popular and classic, were well suited.
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became president of Columbia. Following the appointment of Davis, the Columbia label became more of a rock music label, thanks mainly to Davis's fortuitous decision to attend the
1415:
In October 1958, Columbia, in time for the Christmas season, put out a series of "Greatest Hits" packages by such artists as Johnny Mathis, Doris Day, Guy Mitchell, Johnnie Ray,
543:, in 1925 and the label, record numbering system, and recording process changed. On February 25, 1925, Columbia began recording with the electric recording process licensed from
2034:
The Columbia album series began in 1951 with album GL-500 (CL-500) and reached an awkward milestone in 1970, when the stereo numbering sequence reached CS-9999, assigned to the
2752:. Dipesh Parmar is the President of Columba Label Group and Amy Wheatley is the Managing Director. Subsidiary labels include Ministry of Sound Records and Room Two Recordings.
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and many more. In October 2012, there were 85 recording artists signed to Columbia Records, making it the largest of the three flagship labels owned by Sony Music (followed by
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at the time. However, the compilations were so successful that they led to Columbia doing such packages on a widespread basis, usually when an artist's career was in decline.
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classical recordings, RCA Victor announced that the company would begin releasing its own LPs in January 1950. This was quickly followed by the other major American labels.
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product which ARC lost when EMI bought Capitol. As EMI owned the Columbia trademark at that time, the U.S. Columbia material was issued in Australia and New Zealand on the
6148:
1208:. 1954 saw Columbia end its distribution arrangement with Sparton Records and form Columbia Records of Canada. To enhance its country music stable, which already included
963:. Columbia's new 33 rpm format quickly spelled the death of the classical 78 rpm record and for the first time in nearly fifty years, gave Columbia a commanding lead over
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under contract for several years, capturing the historic moment when Ellington's band provoked a post-midnight frenzy (followed by international headlines) at the 1956
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name for a new minor label closely linked with its television properties (coincidentally, the new CBS Records is currently distributed by another Sony Music division,
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led to the near collapse of the entire recording industry and, in March 1931, J.P Morgan, the major shareholder, steered the Columbia Graphophone Company (along with
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Columbia changed distributors in Australia and New Zealand in 1956 when the Australian Record Company picked up distribution of U.S. Columbia product to replace the
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introduction of the LP, Columbia had sold twice as many Masterworks as RCA was selling of Red Seal. RCA had begun to lose some its artists. Some, like opera tenor (
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1366:, recorded on Columbia, was also the bandleader-composer-pianist's best-selling album. Moreover, this exclusive trinity of jazz giants featured on the cover of
1766:". Columbia saw the two recordings as a start to getting into rock and roll. Melcher and Johnston recorded several additional singles for Columbia in 1964 as "
547:. "Viva-tonal" records set a benchmark in tone and clarity unequaled on commercial discs during the 78-rpm era. The first electrical recordings were made by
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1282:, the two modern jazz artists who would in 1959 record albums that remain—more than sixty years later—among the best-selling jazz albums by any label—viz.,
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records from being picked up by radio, and as an experienced media lawyer and a loyal CBS employee, he was also acutely aware that this could become a new
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In 1947, the company was renamed Columbia Records Inc. and founded its Mexican record company, Discos Columbia de Mexico. 1948 saw the first classical LP
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had been gaining popularity on the West Coast, and were signed by Davis in 1967. As a way of introducing them to the world with a splash, they released
1799:. Most historians observed that Columbia had problems marketing Franklin as a major talent in the R&B genre, which led to her leaving the label for
1876:" without their knowledge or approval. Indeed, the duo had already broken up some months earlier, discouraged by the poor sales of their debut LP, and
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developed, Columbia had astutely sought to record the artists associated with the emerging genre; for example, Columbia was the only company to record
629:. Columbia used acoustic recording for "budget label" pop product well into 1929 on the labels Harmony, Velvet Tone (both general purpose labels), and
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2772:(ARC). In addition to White's Earth, Wind & Fire, the Columbia Records-distributed label artist roster included successful R&B and pop singer
1994:
Tom Rush had always been the "storyteller" or "balladeer" type of folk artist, before and after his stint with Columbia, to which Rush was lured from
1923:, were major hits on the album chart, with combined total sales in excess of five million copies. Simon and Garfunkel's fifth and final studio album,
5543:. Many references to the Columbia Studios, especially when Ramone bought Studio A, 799 Seventh Avenue from Columbia. Cf. especially pp. 136–137.
3379:
The Canadian Encyclopedia: "Guy Lombardo and His Royal Canadians" Mookg, Edward B. (6 April 2008 rev. 4 March 2015) on thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en
3119:
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5329:– The Liederkranz of the City of New York website. The Liederkranz Club put up a building in 1881 at 111–119 East 58th Street, east of Park Avenue.
1747:" for Frankie Laine, who had gone six years without a hit record. The song reached No. 51 on the pop chart and No. 17 on the easy listening chart.
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Over the course of the 1960s, Dylan achieved a prominent position in Columbia. His early folk songs were recorded by many acts and became hits for
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1976:
1336:. Contemporaneously with Columbia's first release of modern jazz by a small group, which was also the Brubeck Quartet's debut on the label, was a
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735:. Most fortuitously for Columbia in its Depression Era financial woes, in 1936 the company entered into an exclusive recording contract with the
551:, the "Whispering Pianist". In a secret agreement with Victor, electrical technology was kept secret to avoid hurting sales of acoustic records.
501:
In 1908, Columbia ceased the recording and manufacturing of wax cylinder records after arranging to issue celluloid cylinder records made by the
2493:. In 2002, Botwin was promoted to President of the Columbia Records Group; he was appointed Chairman in 2005. In 2006, he left Columbia to head
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band, which drew 10,000+ customers nightly to dance. Columbia was added in mid-1932, relegated to slower sellers such as the Hawaiian music of
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Billboard (January 6, 1958). "Columbia's 1958 Tee-Off Cues Big Product Campaign: Program Set to Tie in with LP Disk's 10th Anniversary Year".
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In 1961, Columbia Records renovated and repurposed CBS Radio Studio A at the company's Columbia Square complex at 6121 Sunset Boulevard in
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3536:"360 Sound: The Columbia Records Story. Columbia Records: Pioneer in Recorded Sound: America's Oldest Record Company, 1886 to the Present"
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when heard with special amplifiers and additional speakers. Artists using this technology covered all genres, including classical music
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1251:. This logo actually depicts a stylus (the legs) on a record (the eye); however, the "eye" also subtly refers to CBS's main business in
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1007:, originally released on March 4, 1946, as an album of four 78 rpm records, which was the first pop album issued in the new LP format.
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Columbia's LPs were particularly well-suited to classical music's longer pieces, so some of the early albums featured such artists as
2848:, the tallest building in the world at the time. In 1917, Columbia used this studio to make one of the earliest jazz records, by the
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system. These recordings were backward compatible on conventional two-channel stereo playback systems, but played four-channels of
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2808:. This gave Columbia Nashville complete autonomy and managerial separation from Columbia in New York City. Columbia had given its
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1872:, inspired by the folk-rock experiments of Dylan, The Byrds and others, added drums and bass to the duo's earlier recording of "
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in 1991. As Sony only had a temporary license on the CBS Records name, it then acquired the rights to the Columbia trademarks (
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agreement, so they discontinued Vocalion in June 1940, and fired up Okeh. By July, it was releasing new Hillbilly platters by
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In 1903, in order to add prestige to its early catalog of artists, Columbia contracted a number of prominent singers from the
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2425:(FCC) could even revoke CBS' all-important broadcast licenses if the corporation was found to be involved in any illegality.
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and work with rock musicians divided his audience but catapulted him to greater commercial success with his 1965 hit single "
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legislation, EMI had to sell off its US Columbia operation, which continued to release pressings of matrices made in the UK.
448:
1929:(1970), reached number one in the US album charts in January 1970 and became one of the most successful albums of all time.
1795:. In its catalogue were other genres: classical, jazz and country, along with a select group of R&B artists, among them
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in the U.K. was the first to release LPs in Europe, beginning in 1949. EMI would not fully adopt the LP format until 1955.
586:, the nation's most popular orchestra leader, left Victor to record for Columbia. During the same year, Columbia executive
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502:
5555:, Free eBook released by Columbia Records that puts a spotlight on the label's 263 greatest recordings from 1890 to 2011.
684:("ARC"), operated the label. This assumption grew out of the ease which CFI later exhibited in selling Columbia in 1938.
602:. He followed that with a return to Tennessee the next year, as well as recording sessions in other cities of the South.
5465:, New York & London : Routledge, 1993 & 2005, Volume 1. Cf. pp. 209–213, article on "Columbia (Label)"
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In 1948, Columbia built additional new studios at 207 East 30th Street in Manhattan's Murray Hill district, naming them
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to distribute Aware's artists' music. In 2002, Columbia and Aware accepted the option to continue this relationship.
1582:, outside North America. This was the result of legal maneuvers which led to the creation of EMI in the early 1930s.
4581:"Show 52 – The Soul Reformation: Phase three, soul music at the summit. [Part 8] : UNT Digital Library"
3428:, Columbia Master Book Discography, Volume I (Online ed.), Discography of American Historical Recordings (DAHR)
3368:, Columbia Master Book Discography, Volume I (Online ed.), Discography of American Historical Recordings (DAHR)
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radio shows. In 1949, the large Liederkranz Hall space was physically rearranged to create four television studios.
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was named as the chairman and CEO of Columbia Records. In January 2023, Jennifer Mallory was appointed President.
1925:
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1232:, turned down their offer and signed Presley with RCA Victor. However, Columbia did sign two Sun artists in 1958:
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era, Hammond had already been of great help to Columbia in 1932–33. Through his involvement in the UK music paper
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to the "Network" promoters, and that it was costing the industry as whole as much as $ 80 million annually.
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The label's only significant "pop" acts at the time were Bob Dylan, the Byrds, Paul Revere & the Raiders and
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Columbia became the most successful non-rock record company in the 1950s after it lured producer and bandleader
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2015:
2012:
1667:". Following his withdrawal from touring in 1966, Dylan recorded a large group of songs with his backing group
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In 1961, CBS ended its arrangement with Philips Records and formed its own international organization,
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Transitional 1955 promo 45 r.p.m. label showing both the old notes and mike and new walking eye logos
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1197:. He also oversaw many of the early singles by the label's top female recording star of the decade,
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and catalog of master recordings made prior to December 3, 1931, reverted to Warner Bros. Pictures.
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1980:
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recorded mostly for Epic. When Epic dropped classical music, the roster and catalogue was moved to
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to innovator and avatar of the marriage of jazz with rock and electronic sounds—commonly known as
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to make some of the first recordings in Liederkranz Hall which until then had only been used for
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1305:, a skilled modernist composer himself, Columbia cemented contracts with jazz composer/musicians
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became house bandleader and A. & R. director. Other favorites in the Viva-tonal era included
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as The Two Black Crows 1926 recording 'The Early Bird Catches the Worm' sold 2.5 million copies.
479:
3290:"Hail, Columbia: A fresh book at last gives Edward Easton and his Graphophone company their due"
2873:
2784:. Since the 1940s, Columbia has also re-issued thousands of 1930s records issued on ARC labels.
1849:, along with five singles from the album, all on the same day, June 6, 1967, 23 years following
1313:, while Macero became a significant figure in Miles Davis career from an explorer of the art of
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in their 14000-D Race series. Columbia also had a successful "Hillbilly" series (15000-D) with
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393:, where it was headquartered. At first it had a local monopoly on sales and service of Edison
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The Columbia Phonograph Company was founded on January 15, 1889, by stenographer, lawyer, and
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2967:(also known as the Quonset Hut), the first recording studio in what would become Nashville's
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oboist who had been a friend of Columbia executive Goddard Lieberson since their days at the
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estimates that by 1980 the major labels were paying anywhere from to $ 100,000 to $ 300,000
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magazine cover story on the phenomenon of Brubeck's success on college campuses. The humble
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3312:"Tim Gracyk's Phonographs, Singers, and Old Records – How Late Did Columbia Use Brown Wax?"
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systems. Many quadraphonic recordings were reissued in new surround sound formats such as
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1266:, which proved a boost to a bandleader whose career had stalled. Under new head producer
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On December 17, 1938, the ARC, including the Columbia label in the U.S., was acquired by
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
1991:. Axton eventually became a country singer, and founded his own record label, Jeremiah.
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in New York to make a highly touted series of Grand Opera Records. These stars included
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4229:. Schroeder, Jonathan E., 1962. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. pp. 283–297.
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3050:, successor to Alex Steinweiss and legendary illustrator for the label during the 1940s
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at 49 East 52nd Street in New York City – on the second and fifth floor, respectively.
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2508:. In 2009, during the re-consolidation of Sony Music, Columbia was partnered with its
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played a managerial role in the collaborative effort, but Wallerstein credits engineer
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prior ARC records, would also be the blues-R&B label, and the exclusive outlet for
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4966:"Sony Music Entertainment to be Exclusive Music Provider for ESPN's Winter X Games 13"
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In 1988, the CBS Records Group, including the Columbia Records unit, was acquired by
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stores). When Edison Records folded, Columbia was the oldest surviving record label.
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If These Halls Could Talk: A Historical Tour Through San Francisco Recording Studios
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With 1954, Columbia U.S. decisively broke with its past when it introduced its new,
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Watts, Randy; Callahan, Mike; Edwards, David; Eyries, Patrice (November 10, 2015).
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scandal which had the potential to engulf the entire CBS corporation, and that the
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pioneered some of the first country music or "hillbilly" genre recordings with the
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Watts, Randy; Callahan, Mike; Edwards, David; Eyries, Patrice (November 2, 2015).
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Watts, Randy; Callahan, Mike; Edwards, David; Eyries, Patrice (October 30, 2015).
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Watts, Randy; Callahan, Mike; Edwards, David; Eyries, Patrice (October 29, 2015).
4287:
4258:
Watts, Randy; Callahan, Mike; Edwards, David; Eyries, Patrice (October 28, 2015).
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This stereo LP Box Set (2 LPs) have released first as M2S-603 (MS 6038-9) in 1958.
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Watts, Randy; Callahan, Mike; Edwards, David; Eyries, Patrice (October 24, 2015).
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In December, 1931, the U.S. Columbia Phonograph Company, Inc. was acquired by the
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arrived in January 1964, Columbia had no rock musicians on its roster except for
1358:, not himself. Within two years Ellington's picture would appear on the cover of
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for distribution (possibly under Sears' Oxford trademark for Columbia products).
17:
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New York Philharmonic: the authorized recordings, 1917–2005 : a discography
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at 799 Seventh Avenue in New York City. This studio – well known for its use by
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3341:. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). New York: Grove's Dictionaries Inc. p. 172.
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In February 1939, NYC Studios moved from ARC headquarters at 1776 Broadway, to
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in the 1930s.) Miller quickly signed up Mercury's biggest artist at the time,
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format (sometimes written "Lp" in early advertisements), which rotated at 33â…“
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before its 2008 relaunch after Sony's acquisition alongside other BMG labels.
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magazine were all Columbia artists. (In the early 1960s Columbia jazz artist
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with the technical prowess that brought the long-playing disc to the public.
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Record Makers and Breakers: Voices of the Independent Rock 'n' Roll Pioneers
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1990s multichannel surround sound music surged again with the popularity of
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which reached other artists as 'demo recordings'. These resulted in hits by
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genre. The Byrds achieved their pop breakthrough with a version of Dylan's "
1652:
1637:
1613:, its A&R manager and bandleader, became the host of the variety series
1244:
1198:
1182:
982:
941:
900:
trademark (RCA lost the case). The blue Columbia label was retained for its
804:
713:
705:
670:
570:. Columbia had already built a catalog of blues and jazz artists, including
5582:
4829:
4429:"Columbia Album Discography, Part 17 (CL 2100-2199/CS 8900–8999) 1963–1964"
4350:"Columbia Album Discography, Part 14 (CL 1800-1899/CS 8600–8699) 1960–1961"
4324:"Columbia Album Discography, Part 13 (CL 1700-1799/CS 8500–8598) 1961–1962"
4260:"Columbia Album Discography, Part 12 (CL 1600-1699/CS 8400–8499) 1961–1962"
2792:
In 1997, Columbia made an affiliation with unsigned artist promotion label
1427:. Only Mathis' compilations charted, since there were only 25 positions on
1406:. One of his first major successes was the original Broadway cast album of
1153:, and discovered several of the decade's biggest recording stars including
369:
5117:
2224:, however, multichannel music still did not reach mass-market acceptance.
1953:. By the time he joined Columbia, he had mixed successful pop songs like "
847:
5183:, New York & London : Routledge, 1993 & 2005, Volume 1. Cf.
4737:"LP Discography for CBS Records US combined numbering system 30000-30499"
3914:"Mitch Miller And His Orchestra And Chorus – Mitch Miller – Philips – UK"
3058:
2386:
2100:
2021:
for Columbia) and has been playing to appreciative audiences ever since.
1942:
1668:
1423:; months later, it put out another Mathis compilation as well as that of
743:
sponsored on radio (and later television) by southern gospel broadcaster
582:
also joined Columbia and recorded forty five 78 rpm's by 1931. In 1928,
491:
410:
406:
3459:
3214:"Emile Berliner and the Birth of the Recording Industry: The Gramophone"
1119:
Columbia used this label for its 45 r.p.m. records from 1951 until 1958.
451:
disc records as one of the top three names in American sound recording.
5890:
5811:
3913:
3728:
2301: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2221:
1774:
and Paul Revere & the Raiders for Columbia while Johnston produced
1566:
1008:
916:
in 1939 to release Columbia records in Canada under the Columbia name.
4993:"L.A. Reid's First Week at Epic Has Some Staffers Feeling 'Energized'"
2011:
Eventually, Rush returned to his usual sound (which he applied to his
1609:
In 1961, Columbia's music repertoire was given an enormous boost when
1301:
list of the "500 Greatest Albums Of All Time". With another producer,
3250:
A Collector's Guide to the Columbia Spring-Wound Cylinder Graphophone
2552:
2418:
1446:
1041:
1948. The catalog numbering system has had minor changes ever since.
5357:
3234:
665:("His Master's Voice") to form Electric and Musical Industries Ltd (
4227:
Designed for Hi-Fi Living : The Vinyl LP in Midcentury America
4172:"Columbia Album Discography, Part 8 (CL 1200 to CL 1299) 1958-1959"
3558:"Solid Gospel series brings Chuck Wagon Gang to Renaissance Center"
3425:
Columbia Corporate History: Market Crash, 1929, and the Early 1930s
3365:
Columbia Corporate History: Electrical Recording and the Late 1920s
1727:, who was signed in 1963 as the label's first major rock star, and
389:(1856–1915) and a group of investors. It derived its name from the
5566:
5021:
4454:"20 Things You Might Not Know About Bob Dylan's Debut Album – NME"
3315:
2632:
2519:
As of March 2013, Columbia Records was home to 90 artists such as
2103:) and establishing an A&R head and office in San Francisco at
2050:, S for movie soundtrack and original Broadway cast albums, Y for
1850:
1589:
Columbia's Mexican unit, Discos Columbia, was renamed Discos CBS.
1565:
1122:
1114:
846:
783:
524:
494:" introduced by the rival Victor Talking Machine Company in 1906.
429:
368:
356:
344:
4687:"Columbia Album Discography, Part 27 (K)CS 9900–9999 (1969–1970)"
6045:
5914:
2437:
513:, and Edward Easton went with it. Eventually it was renamed the
373:
The American label of an electrically recorded Columbia disc by
301:
175:
5586:
5414:
Hit Men: Power Brokers and Fast Money Inside The Music Business
5151:. Vol. 90. Billboard Magazine. August 5, 1978. p. 19.
4022:"Sony Music Entertainment Inc | The Canadian Encyclopedia"
3992:. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. September 19, 1953. p. 16.
3887:. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. September 26, 1970. p. 10.
3140:. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. September 17, 1955. p. 35.
1247:-style "Walking Eye" logo, designed by Columbia's art director
529:
The British label of an electrically recorded Columbia disc by
316:. Columbia is one of Sony Music's four flagship record labels:
5167:. Vol. 91. Billboard Magazine. July 14, 1979. p. 26.
5069:
3446:
Walworth, Julia (2005). "Sir Louis Sterling and his library".
2804:
In 2007, Columbia formed Columbia Nashville, which is part of
2578:
2453:
2329:
CBS Records had a popular roster of musicians. It distributed
2270:
1770:" and later as "The Rogues". Melcher produced early albums by
1294:
by the Davis Sextet, which, in 2003, appeared as number 12 in
961:
Nathan Milstein's recording of the Mendelssohn Violin Concerto
782:, and he had less involvement with the music scene during the
695:, which included the trademarks and masters of the Brunswick,
666:
309:
160:
4550:. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. December 11, 1965. p. 3.
2191:. RCA had already begun releasing quadraphonic recordings on
2131:
During 1971 Columbia began producing records in four-channel
1814:, where he spotted and signed several leading acts including
274:
3832:
Library of Congress (Congress.gov) (accessdate 21 June 2021)
3337:
Rye, Howard; Kernfeld, Barry (2002). Kernfeld, Barry (ed.).
2987:'s Mike Curb College of Entertainment & Music Business.
1651:. Some of these cover versions became the foundation of the
562:
and its growing stable of jazz and blues artists, including
439:, invented and patented by Victor Talking Machine Company's
4078:. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. September 11, 1954. p.
3753:. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. March 16, 1963. p. 60.
2260:
1362:, following his success at the 1956 Newport Jazz Festival.
5484:
Revolution in Sound: A Biography of the Recording Industry
5441:
Temples of sound : inside the great recording studios
3252:(1 ed.). Antique Phonograph Monthly. pp. 10, 13.
2376:
During this period, Columbia scored a Top 40 hit with the
1917:
soundtrack and Simon & Garfunkel's next studio album,
1169:(whose stage surname was taken from Miller's first name),
5248:
Studio Stories – How the Great New York Records Were Made
4374:
Bessman, Jim; Cox, Tony; Miller, Mitch (August 3, 2010).
3188:"125 Years of Columbia Records – An Interactive Timeline"
2615:
As of 2024, the current Columbia Records roster includes
5552:
360 Sound: The Columbia Records Story Legends and Legacy
5201:. San Francisco: Chronicle Books LLC. pp. 181–191.
4480:"50 Years Ago Today: Bob Dylan Released His Debut Album"
3396:. Internet Archive. London : Barrie & Jenkins.
2868:
in the 1960s – was purchased in 1967 by Jack Arnold and
1971:
in the same year. When he landed at Columbia, his album
1895:
album chart. The duo subsequently had a Top 20 single, "
661:, which it had owned since 1926) into a merger with the
416:
Columbia's ties to Edison were severed in 1894 with the
5397:
Kind of Blue: The Making of the Miles Davis Masterpiece
5358:"Leiderkranz Hall – The World's Best Recording Studio?"
4292:. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. March 16, 1963. p.
2504:
Columbia Records remains a premier subsidiary label of
1288:
by the Brubeck Quartet and, to an even greater extent,
1021:. Since the term "LP" has come to refer to the 12-inch
3841:
Library of Congress Columbia Records Paperwork Box 121
2448:) outside the U.S., Canada, Spain (trademark owned by
2195:
starting in 1970, and countered on LP record with the
2123:. The recording studio operated under CBS until 1978.
1632:
was producing the first Columbia album by folk singer
1570:
The CBS Records logo used outside of the United States
300:, the American division of multinational conglomerate
6061:
5274:
Perfecting Sound Forever: The Story of recorded Music
5052:"Jenifer Mallory Named President of Columbia Records"
5320:"History of The Liederkranz of the City of New York"
4885:. CelebrityAccess. December 14, 2006. Archived from
1419:, Tony Bennett, Rosemary Clooney, Frankie Laine and
5946:
5907:
5777:
5743:
5698:
5670:
5639:
5620:
5374:"Morty Palitz Dies at 53; Spanned 3 Record Decades"
5164:
Maurice White's Prowling for Acts, Building Studios
3861:"Record Collector's Resource: A History of Records"
3417:
3415:
3413:
3037:
Edward Wallerstein – Chairman & CEO (1939–1951)
1998:. As with Axton, Rush was given "the treatment" on
1731:who were also signed in 1963. The label released a
1350:cover story on a jazz musician (the first featured
1258:Although the big band era had passed, Columbia had
720:stable of artists and songs, and the still unknown
578:among others. By 1927, the "Sweet Jazz" bandleader
269:
261:
253:
245:
225:
215:
193:
72:
53:
5245:
5024:. Columbiarecords.com. Retrieved on July 16, 2013.
4847:
4762:
4505:
3936:
1388:In the same year, former Columbia A&R manager
5500:, ABC, Inc. April 1976, "Creating the LP Record."
5344:, Rowman & Littlefield, 2006. Cf. especially
539:The company was bought by its UK subsidiary, the
521:Columbia Phonograph Company ownership (1925–1931)
5041:, January 2, 2018, retrieved on January 2, 2018.
3606:
3604:
1204:In 1953, Columbia formed a new subsidiary label
353:, in 1889; the company was named after the city.
5470:The Patent History of the Phonograph, 1877–1912
2004:
1743:, son of Doris Day, produced the hard driving "
869:799 7th Avenue, 6th&7th flrs, New York City
428:. The molded brown waxes may have been sold to
6134:Entertainment companies based in New York City
5444:, San Francisco : Chronicle Books, 2003.
3809:
3807:
3613:The label : the story of Columbia Records
1703:became cornerstone recordings of the emergent
1659:". In 1965, Dylan's controversial decision to
1489:, and the Philadelphia Orchestra conducted by
5598:
5573:Discography of American Historical Recordings
4507:"Peter, Paul and Mary: Top songs of all time"
4376:"Remembering Singing Along With Mitch Miller"
3587:. New York: Chronicle Books. pp. 90–95.
3454:. Jewish Historical Society of England: 161.
3261:
3259:
3121:New York Court of Appeals. Records and Briefs
2046:, H for Harmony (budget reissue line), M for
536:In late 1922, Columbia entered receivership.
8:
4911:. Fox News. December 1, 2011. Archived from
3082:
3080:
2263:'s 32-channel multitrack digital recorder).
1068:. The success of these recordings persuaded
1015:was also considered to be the first genuine
5578:See the Profile of Designer Alex Steinweiss
5532:Making records: the scenes behind the music
4282:
4280:
3794:Backstory in Blue: Ellington at Newport '56
3118:Appeals, New York (State) Court of (1941).
2816:In 2009, Columbia Nashville became part of
2199:system. The RCA process required a special
328:as the latter two were originally owned by
39:For the former British record company, see
5605:
5591:
5583:
2440:, which re-christened the parent division
1274:, but also signing to long-term contracts
687:On December 3, 1931, CFI made a deal with
50:
6149:Mass media companies of the United States
5516:. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press; 2007.
5292:
5290:
5239:
5237:
5235:
5233:
2317:Learn how and when to remove this message
2095:In September 1970, under the guidance of
1885:boom of the mid-1960s. Their next album,
1739:(Columbia CL-2172, issued in mono only).
944:(both moved to Columbia from Brunswick),
641:Columbia ownership separation (1931–1936)
490:" to compete with the extremely popular "
5513:The Label: The Story of Columbia Records
4909:"Sony Music Gets Ready for Black Friday"
4680:
4678:
4422:
4420:
4418:
4416:
4043:
4041:
4039:
3943:. University of Illinois Press. p.
3780:The Orchestra: A Very Short Introduction
3512:. June 17, 1936. p. 24 – via
3161:"From One Mine, the Gold of Pop History"
2959:In 1962, Columbia Records purchased the
2390:would spend four months at No. 1 on the
594:in Tennessee, including artists such as
232:Sony Music Entertainment (International)
161:Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS), Inc.
6099:1889 establishments in New York (state)
6068:
5679:
5299:"Quonset Hut Hosts Reunion Celebration"
4712:"CBS LPs – US unified numbering system"
3801:), Ezio Pinza, would go to Columbia..."
3729:"Columbia Records paperwork collection"
3690:CBS reflections in a Bloodshot Eye Metz
3076:
1628:In September 1961, CBS A&R manager
912:, so CBS made a distribution deal with
6104:American companies established in 1889
5035:Sony names new CEO of Columbia Records
4817:
4805:
4793:
4769:. Thomson Course Technology. pp.
4407:
4386:from the original on December 26, 2017
4157:
3974:
3817:. Columbia Records Inc. pp. 1–20.
3113:
3111:
3109:
2076:, A and W for Special Products, L for
645:The repercussions of the stock market
5094:. Columbiarecords.com. Archived from
5022:Columbia Records Music Moving Forward
4873:
4871:
4526:from the original on January 10, 2022
4016:
4014:
7:
6109:American country music record labels
5505:The Columbia Master Book Discography
4182:from the original on August 19, 2018
3703:"Columbia drops its Brunswick label"
3585:360 Sound the Columbia Records Story
2299:adding citations to reliable sources
2088:, O for Chaos Recordings, and B for
896:to claim infringement on its famous
208:(as Columbia Phonograph Company) in
5486:. Little, Brown and Company, 1974.
4991:Halperin, Shirley (July 12, 2011).
4594:University of North Texas Libraries
3666:"Division of Corporations – Filing"
2971:district when first established by
2452:) and Japan (Nippon Columbia) from
1853:. The album hit made No. 24 on the
1812:Monterey International Pop Festival
1754:discovered and brought to Columbia
1707:genre and influenced The Byrds and
1520:Lambert, Hendricks & Ross Sing
1467:(recorded on December 31, 1956, on
1374:would be afforded the same honor.)
6124:Contemporary R&B record labels
5068:. February 8, 1999. Archived from
4504:Willis, Amy (September 17, 2009).
4135:. February 9, 2003. Archived from
3615:. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press
3000:, and used as a recording studio (
2331:Philadelphia International Records
928:(signed from RCA Victor in 1939),
837:Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc.
741:Mull Singing Convention of the Air
25:
6159:Record labels established in 1889
5252:. San Francisco: Backbeat Books.
3935:John Broven (February 26, 2009).
2991:Liederkranz Hall Studio, New York
2764:, founder and leader of the band
2423:Federal Communications Commission
2405:Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena
2069:The Sesame Street Book and Record
1888:Parsley, Sage, Rosemary and Thyme
1346:demurred, saying that the second
418:North American Phonograph Company
349:The original home of Columbia in
6071:
5187:, article on "Columbia (Label)".
4934:Gallo, Phil (February 8, 2005).
4607:Edwards, David; Callahan, Mike.
3519:
3339:The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz
3310:Gracyk, Tim (October 11, 1904).
3159:Ben Sisario (October 30, 2012).
2756:American Recording Company (ARC)
2583:
2575:List of Columbia Records artists
2569:List of Columbia Records artists
2275:
1737:The Exciting New Liverpool Sound
1493:, who also recorded an abridged
1080:An "original cast recording" of
706:Bob Wills and His Texas Playboys
61:
5297:Skates, Sarah (June 30, 2011).
5148:New ARC Columbia Label on debut
5066:"Columbia Records Online – USA"
3094:. December 21, 1938. p. 24
2286:needs additional citations for
2253:New York Philharmonic Orchestra
2155:, plus popular artists such as
2092:), which continued until 2005.
1354:'s picture) had been earned by
1317:from Davis' sextets 1958 album
1058:New York Philharmonic Orchestra
6164:Rhythm and blues record labels
5462:Encyclopedia of Recorded Sound
5276:, Granta Books, London, 2009 (
5180:Encyclopedia of Recorded Sound
3863:. Cubby.net. February 26, 1917
3709:. August 30, 1939. p. 241
3534:Brooks, Tim (March 22, 2013).
2860:In 1939, Columbia established
2000:his self-titled Columbia debut
1965:", which was used in the film
1806:In 1967, Brooklyn-born lawyer
1691:"). Dylan's late 1960s albums
689:Warner Brothers Pictures, Inc.
449:Victor Talking Machine Company
320:, and former longtime rivals,
1:
4879:"Will Botwin Joins Red Light"
3500:"Grigsby Radio Holdings Sold"
3031:Stephen Russo – EVP & CFO
2352:To deal with the crisis, CEO
1841:A San Francisco group called
1836:fusion of jazz and rock music
1729:Paul Revere & the Raiders
1527:Lambert, Hendricks & Ross
503:Indestructible Record Company
6119:Companies based in Manhattan
5535:, New York: Hyperion, 2007.
5438:Cogan, Jim; Clark, William,
4658:"Bridge Over Troubled Water"
3815:Columbia Record Catalog 1949
3314:. Gracyk.com. Archived from
2850:Original Dixieland Jass Band
2111:, a producer and artist for
1957:", with hard rock songs for
1913:", became a smash hit. Both
1597:(founded in 1936) including
1580:Columbia Graphophone Company
1508:Columbia Masterworks Records
1228:in 1955. Presley's manager,
1220:, Columbia bid $ 15,000 for
1066:Royal Philharmonic Orchestra
905:Columbia Masterworks Records
693:Brunswick Record Corporation
541:Columbia Graphophone Company
361:A Columbia type AT cylinder
314:Columbia Graphophone Company
183:Sony BMG Music Entertainment
164:(December 17, 1938
92:Columbia Graphophone Company
41:Columbia Graphophone Company
5877:Crunchyroll Store Australia
5400:, Da Capo Press, 2001. Cf.
5362:VJM's Jazz & Blues Mart
4856:. Reuters. October 16, 1990
4691:Both Sides Now Publications
4433:Both Sides Now Publications
4354:Both Sides Now Publications
4328:Both Sides Now Publications
4264:Both Sides Now Publications
4176:Both Sides Now Publications
4050:Elvis: His Life from A to Z
3829:The First Long-Playing Disc
2949:Columbia Studios, Nashville
2267:Dick Asher vs "The Network"
2228:Yetnikoff becomes president
1709:The Flying Burrito Brothers
851:Columbia notes and mic logo
682:American Record Corporation
558:In 1926, Columbia acquired
298:Sony Corporation of America
138:American Record Corporation
6195:
5872:Crunchyroll UK and Ireland
5118:"Columbia Records artists"
5092:"Columbia Jazz – Main Nav"
4849:"CBS Records Changes Name"
4026:thecanadianencyclopedia.ca
3611:Marmorstein, Gary (2007).
3248:Hazelcorn, Howard (1976).
2952:
2934:
2931:Columbia Square, Hollywood
2912:
2887:
2836:Columbia Records operated
2770:American Recording Company
2572:
2429:The 1980s and sale to Sony
2241:in a recording session of
1926:Bridge over Troubled Water
1605:Mitch Miller on television
1013:The Voice of Frank Sinatra
1004:The Voice of Frank Sinatra
936:(both signed from Decca),
843:CBS takes over (1938–1947)
103:– March 31, 1931
95:(October 5, 1925
38:
29:
6129:Cylinder record producers
5503:Rust, Brian, (compiler),
5412:Dannen, Frederic (1991).
5039:New York Business Journal
4936:"Columbia chair adjusted"
4834:February 4, 2004, at the
4761:Johnson, Heather (2006).
4225:Borgerson, Janet (2017).
4109:"columbia representative"
3448:Jewish Historical Studies
3390:Murrells, Joseph (1978).
2731:Columbia Label Group (UK)
2718:CMV: Columbia Music Video
2592:This section needs to be
2514:Columbia/Epic Label Group
2382:Another Brick in the Wall
1983:", which became hits for
1909:. The resulting single, "
1595:Australian Record Company
1576:CBS Records International
1082:Rodgers & Hammerstein
971:The LP record (1948–1959)
708:, a phenomenal mid-1930s
625:(a Sam Lanin group), and
600:"Fiddlin'" Charlie Bowman
445:Edison Phonograph Company
84:(1991–2004, 2008–present)
60:
6179:Soundtrack record labels
5614:Sony Music Entertainment
5571:Columbia masters in the
5507:, Greenwood Press, 1999.
5472:, APM Press, 1990/1991,
5222:"The Woolworth Building"
5126:Sony Music Entertainment
4609:"Atlantic Records Story"
3393:The book of golden discs
2506:Sony Music Entertainment
2442:Sony Music Entertainment
2384:", and its parent album
2157:Electric Light Orchestra
1786:Ascension of Clive Davis
308:to avoid confusion with
294:Sony Music Entertainment
80:Sony Music Entertainment
30:Not to be confused with
5713:Deutsche Harmonia Mundi
5529:; Granata, Charles L.,
3617:Avalon Publishing Group
2998:The Liederkranz Society
1933:Hoyt Axton and Tom Rush
1891:, went to No. 4 on the
1745:Don't Make My Baby Blue
1553:Outing of "deep groove"
1147:Eastman School of Music
511:Bridgeport, Connecticut
435:Columbia began selling
199:; 135 years ago
6114:American record labels
6041:Sony Music Philippines
5708:Sony Classical Records
5498:High Fidelity Magazine
5325:July 27, 2011, at the
5244:Simons, David (2004).
4741:Global Dog Productions
4716:Global Dog Productions
4052:. Outlet. p. 38.
3670:icis.corp.delaware.gov
3583:Wilentz, Sean (2012).
3474:"EMI: A Brief History"
2915:CBS 30th Street Studio
2822:Sony Group Corporation
2766:Earth, Wind & Fire
2458:Sony Classical Records
2056:The Elvin Bishop Group
2009:
1897:A Hazy Shade of Winter
1645:Peter, Paul & Mary
1571:
1128:
1120:
1050:Philadelphia Orchestra
987:revolutions per minute
978:High Fidelity Magazine
879:artists and sessions.
852:
678:Grigsby-Grunow Company
596:Clarence Horton Greene
533:
515:Dictaphone Corporation
378:
366:
354:
341:Beginnings (1889–1929)
115:Grigsby-Grunow Company
6139:Hip hop record labels
6051:Volcano Entertainment
6011:Sony Music Publishing
6001:Robbins Entertainment
5981:Century Media Records
5868:Crunchyroll Games LLC
5690:Provident Label Group
5685:RCA Records Nashville
3288:Bilton, Lynn (1998).
3235:"Labels - Sony Music"
3054:List of record labels
3034:Abou "Bu" Thiam – EVP
2909:30th Street, New York
2884:52nd Street, New York
2259:, in New York (using
1864:Simon & Garfunkel
1793:Simon & Garfunkel
1616:Sing Along with Mitch
1569:
1457:New York Philharmonic
1264:Newport Jazz Festival
1126:
1118:
850:
733:Charles Davis Tillman
633:(sold exclusively at
592:Johnson City sessions
528:
372:
360:
348:
197:January 22, 1889
27:American record label
6016:Sony Music Australia
5753:Black Butter Records
5730:RCA Red Seal Records
5468:Koenigsberg, Allen,
5003:on December 18, 2012
4946:on November 28, 2023
4048:Worth, Fred (1992).
4032:on February 3, 2010.
3619:. pp. 100–110.
3505:Brooklyn Daily Eagle
3194:on November 14, 2017
3028:Jenifer Mallory – GM
3025:– Chairman & CEO
2965:Nashville, Tennessee
2901:were located in the
2856:7th Avenue, New York
2818:Sony Music Nashville
2806:Sony Music Nashville
2776:, jazz-fusion group
2691:with 78 artists and
2538:On January 2, 2018,
2495:Red Light Management
2460:. In December 2006,
2446:Columbia Graphophone
2295:improve this article
2048:Columbia Masterworks
1937:Davis lured artists
1874:The Sound of Silence
1689:This Wheel's On Fire
1665:Like a Rolling Stone
1364:Ellington at Newport
1333:Jazz Goes to College
588:Frank Buckley Walker
399:phonograph cylinders
391:District of Columbia
149:– December 1938
5865:Crunchyroll Studios
5510:Marmorstein, Gary.
5456:, pp. 181–192.
5416:. London: Vintage.
5382:, December 1, 1962.
5356:Behncke, Bernhard,
5197:Cogan, Jim (2003).
5098:on January 15, 1998
5072:on February 8, 1999
5054:. January 31, 2023.
4915:on October 26, 2012
4889:on December 3, 2013
4512:The Daily Telegraph
3734:Library of Congress
3692:World Radio History
3422:Brooks, Tim (ed.),
3362:Brooks, Tim (ed.),
2937:CBS Columbia Square
2903:CBS Studio Building
2890:CBS Studio Building
2780:, and R&B trio
2760:During August 1978
2709:Small Giant Records
2512:sister to form the
2497:and its associated
1981:Never Been to Spain
1694:John Wesley Harding
1504:Cleveland Orchestra
1483:Dimitri Mitropoulos
1038:Library of Congress
965:RCA Victor Red Seal
118:(December 1931
6169:Rock record labels
6144:Jazz record labels
5971:Phonogenic Records
5817:Aniplex of America
5787:Epic Records Japan
5764:Relentless Records
5680:Columbia Nashville
4972:. October 27, 2009
4854:The New York Times
4380:Talk of the Nation
4117:. August 14, 1961.
3564:on August 10, 2012
3480:. January 24, 2000
3318:on October 1, 2009
3166:The New York Times
2985:Belmont University
2842:Woolworth Building
2800:Columbia Nashville
2768:, re-launched the
2695:with 43 artists).
2546:Logos and branding
2133:quadraphonic sound
2127:Quadraphonic Sound
1973:My Griffin Is Gone
1657:Mr. Tambourine Man
1572:
1230:Colonel Tom Parker
1129:
1121:
1062:Sir Thomas Beecham
919:During the 1940s,
853:
821:Stevie Ray Vaughan
763:Fletcher Henderson
663:Gramophone Company
619:Fletcher Henderson
534:
480:Gramophone Company
476:His Master's Voice
456:Metropolitan Opera
379:
377:from the mid-1920s
367:
355:
296:, a subsidiary of
6154:Pop record labels
6059:
6058:
6021:Sony Music Mexico
5986:Legacy Recordings
5891:Peanuts Worldwide
5862:Crunchyroll Films
5769:Ministry of Sound
5541:978-0-7868-6859-9
5459:Hoffmann, Frank,
5452:. Cf. chapter on
5338:North, James H.,
5282:978-1-84708-140-7
5259:978-0-87930-817-9
5177:Hoffmann, Frank,
5037:", Anthony Noto,
4160:, pp. 60–61.
4139:on March 17, 2011
4059:978-0-517-06634-8
3954:978-0-252-03290-5
3403:978-0-214-20512-5
3007:Andre Kostelanetz
2979:in 1954. Renamed
2874:A&R Recording
2838:recording studios
2832:Recording studios
2824:umbrella through
2726:Affiliated labels
2721:Brushfire Records
2621:Bruce Springsteen
2613:
2612:
2491:Five For Fighting
2476:The 1990s–present
2327:
2326:
2319:
2239:digital recording
2149:Leonard Bernstein
2105:Fisherman's Wharf
2060:Herschel Bernardi
1847:their debut album
1768:Bruce & Terry
1700:Nashville Skyline
1487:Leonard Bernstein
1465:Leonard Bernstein
1461:Westminster Choir
1400:Arnold Schoenberg
1390:Goddard Lieberson
1224:'s contract from
877:Hillbilly/Country
817:Bruce Springsteen
789:Charlie Christian
623:Ipana Troubadours
617:, Paul Whiteman,
568:Clarence Williams
484:Fonotipia Records
482:Ltd.) or Italy's
472:Edouard de Reszke
460:Marcella Sembrich
283:
282:
254:Country of origin
236:Legacy Recordings
18:Private-I Records
16:(Redirected from
6186:
6094:Columbia Records
6076:
6075:
6074:
6067:
6036:Sony Music Latin
6031:Sony Music South
6026:Sony Music India
5991:Kemosabe Records
5857:Crunchyroll GmbH
5847:Crunchyroll EMEA
5720:Portrait Records
5700:Sony Masterworks
5647:Columbia Records
5607:
5600:
5593:
5584:
5567:Official website
5454:Columbia Studios
5427:
5404:
5389:
5383:
5371:
5365:
5354:
5348:
5336:
5330:
5317:
5311:
5310:
5308:
5306:
5294:
5285:
5270:
5264:
5263:
5251:
5241:
5228:
5226:NYC Architecture
5219:
5213:
5212:
5199:Temples of Sound
5194:
5188:
5175:
5169:
5168:
5159:
5153:
5152:
5143:
5137:
5136:
5134:
5132:
5122:Columbia Records
5114:
5108:
5107:
5105:
5103:
5088:
5082:
5081:
5079:
5077:
5062:
5056:
5055:
5048:
5042:
5031:
5025:
5019:
5013:
5012:
5010:
5008:
4999:. Archived from
4988:
4982:
4981:
4979:
4977:
4962:
4956:
4955:
4953:
4951:
4942:. Archived from
4931:
4925:
4924:
4922:
4920:
4905:
4899:
4898:
4896:
4894:
4875:
4866:
4865:
4863:
4861:
4851:
4844:
4838:
4827:
4821:
4820:, pp. 4–27.
4815:
4809:
4803:
4797:
4791:
4785:
4784:
4768:
4758:
4752:
4751:
4749:
4747:
4733:
4727:
4726:
4724:
4722:
4708:
4702:
4701:
4699:
4697:
4682:
4673:
4672:
4670:
4668:
4653:
4647:
4646:
4644:
4642:
4630:
4624:
4623:
4621:
4619:
4604:
4598:
4597:
4585:
4573:
4567:
4566:
4564:
4562:
4542:
4536:
4535:
4533:
4531:
4509:
4501:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4490:
4476:
4470:
4469:
4467:
4465:
4460:. March 19, 2013
4450:
4444:
4443:
4441:
4439:
4424:
4411:
4405:
4396:
4395:
4393:
4391:
4371:
4365:
4364:
4362:
4360:
4345:
4339:
4338:
4336:
4334:
4319:
4313:
4312:
4310:
4308:
4284:
4275:
4274:
4272:
4270:
4255:
4249:
4248:
4222:
4216:
4215:
4207:
4201:
4198:
4192:
4191:
4189:
4187:
4167:
4161:
4155:
4149:
4148:
4146:
4144:
4133:Rollingstone.com
4125:
4119:
4118:
4105:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4094:
4070:
4064:
4063:
4045:
4034:
4033:
4028:. Archived from
4018:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4004:
3984:
3978:
3972:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3961:
3942:
3932:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3921:
3910:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3899:
3879:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3868:
3857:
3851:
3850:Sony liner notes
3848:
3842:
3839:
3833:
3825:
3819:
3818:
3811:
3802:
3790:
3784:
3778:D. Kern Holoman
3776:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3765:
3745:
3739:
3738:
3725:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3714:
3699:
3693:
3687:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3676:
3662:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3651:
3641:"Public Inquiry"
3637:
3631:
3630:
3608:
3599:
3598:
3580:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3569:
3560:. Archived from
3554:
3548:
3547:
3538:. Book Reviews.
3531:
3525:
3524:
3523:
3517:
3510:Associated Press
3496:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3470:
3464:
3463:
3443:
3437:
3429:
3419:
3408:
3407:
3387:
3381:
3376:
3370:
3369:
3359:
3353:
3352:
3334:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3307:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3263:
3254:
3253:
3245:
3239:
3238:
3231:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3220:
3210:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3190:. Archived from
3184:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3156:
3150:
3149:
3132:
3126:
3125:
3115:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3084:
2981:Columbia Studios
2826:Sony Music Group
2774:Deniece Williams
2712:CloudBoy Records
2705:Kemosabe Records
2617:Barbra Streisand
2608:
2605:
2599:
2587:
2586:
2579:
2470:RED Distribution
2347:Monument Records
2335:Blue Sky Records
2322:
2315:
2311:
2308:
2302:
2279:
2271:
2189:Blue Ă–yster Cult
2173:Barbra Streisand
2113:Monument Records
2052:Columbia Odyssey
1977:Joy to the World
1955:Greenback Dollar
1820:Barbra Streisand
1801:Atlantic Records
1764:Hey Little Cobra
1721:British Invasion
1687:& Trinity ("
1677:The Mighty Quinn
1476:
1475:
1471:
1434:
1404:Anton von Webern
1179:Rosemary Clooney
1034:
1033:
1029:
1026:
934:Jimmie Lunceford
910:Great Depression
857:William S. Paley
775:Roger Wolfe Kahn
737:Chuck Wagon Gang
691:("WB") to lease
651:Great Depression
545:Western Electric
507:Albany, New York
403:Washington, D.C.
387:Edward D. Easton
365:produced in 1898
351:Washington, D.C.
286:Columbia Records
279:
276:
270:Official website
220:Edward D. Easton
210:Washington, D.C.
207:
205:
200:
176:Sony Corporation
171:
169:
156:
154:
148:
146:
133:
131:
125:
123:
110:
108:
102:
100:
65:
56:
55:Columbia Records
51:
21:
6194:
6193:
6189:
6188:
6187:
6185:
6184:
6183:
6084:
6083:
6082:
6072:
6070:
6062:
6060:
6055:
5966:RCA Inspiration
5942:
5903:
5851:Crunchyroll SAS
5834:(co-owned with
5832:Crunchyroll LLC
5773:
5739:
5694:
5666:
5635:
5616:
5611:
5563:
5558:
5434:
5432:Further reading
5424:
5411:
5408:
5407:
5390:
5386:
5372:
5368:
5355:
5351:
5337:
5333:
5327:Wayback Machine
5318:
5314:
5304:
5302:
5296:
5295:
5288:
5271:
5267:
5260:
5243:
5242:
5231:
5220:
5216:
5209:
5196:
5195:
5191:
5176:
5172:
5161:
5160:
5156:
5145:
5144:
5140:
5130:
5128:
5116:
5115:
5111:
5101:
5099:
5090:
5089:
5085:
5075:
5073:
5064:
5063:
5059:
5050:
5049:
5045:
5032:
5028:
5020:
5016:
5006:
5004:
4990:
4989:
4985:
4975:
4973:
4964:
4963:
4959:
4949:
4947:
4933:
4932:
4928:
4918:
4916:
4907:
4906:
4902:
4892:
4890:
4877:
4876:
4869:
4859:
4857:
4846:
4845:
4841:
4836:Wayback Machine
4828:
4824:
4816:
4812:
4804:
4800:
4792:
4788:
4781:
4760:
4759:
4755:
4745:
4743:
4735:
4734:
4730:
4720:
4718:
4710:
4709:
4705:
4695:
4693:
4684:
4683:
4676:
4666:
4664:
4655:
4654:
4650:
4640:
4638:
4632:
4631:
4627:
4617:
4615:
4613:www.bsnpubs.com
4606:
4605:
4601:
4583:
4577:Gilliland, John
4575:
4574:
4570:
4560:
4558:
4544:
4543:
4539:
4529:
4527:
4503:
4502:
4498:
4488:
4486:
4478:
4477:
4473:
4463:
4461:
4452:
4451:
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4437:
4435:
4426:
4425:
4414:
4406:
4399:
4389:
4387:
4373:
4372:
4368:
4358:
4356:
4347:
4346:
4342:
4332:
4330:
4321:
4320:
4316:
4306:
4304:
4286:
4285:
4278:
4268:
4266:
4257:
4256:
4252:
4237:
4224:
4223:
4219:
4209:
4208:
4204:
4199:
4195:
4185:
4183:
4169:
4168:
4164:
4156:
4152:
4142:
4140:
4127:
4126:
4122:
4107:
4106:
4102:
4092:
4090:
4072:
4071:
4067:
4060:
4047:
4046:
4037:
4020:
4019:
4012:
4002:
4000:
3986:
3985:
3981:
3973:
3969:
3959:
3957:
3955:
3934:
3933:
3929:
3919:
3917:
3912:
3911:
3907:
3897:
3895:
3881:
3880:
3876:
3866:
3864:
3859:
3858:
3854:
3849:
3845:
3840:
3836:
3826:
3822:
3813:
3812:
3805:
3792:John F. Morton
3791:
3787:
3777:
3773:
3763:
3761:
3747:
3746:
3742:
3727:
3726:
3722:
3712:
3710:
3701:
3700:
3696:
3688:
3684:
3674:
3672:
3664:
3663:
3659:
3649:
3647:
3645:apps.dos.ny.gov
3639:
3638:
3634:
3627:
3610:
3609:
3602:
3595:
3582:
3581:
3577:
3567:
3565:
3556:
3555:
3551:
3533:
3532:
3528:
3518:
3498:
3497:
3493:
3483:
3481:
3472:
3471:
3467:
3445:
3444:
3440:
3421:
3420:
3411:
3404:
3389:
3388:
3384:
3377:
3373:
3361:
3360:
3356:
3349:
3336:
3335:
3331:
3321:
3319:
3309:
3308:
3304:
3294:
3292:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3272:
3270:
3267:"Edward Easton"
3265:
3264:
3257:
3247:
3246:
3242:
3233:
3232:
3228:
3218:
3216:
3212:
3211:
3207:
3197:
3195:
3186:
3185:
3181:
3171:
3169:
3158:
3157:
3153:
3134:
3133:
3129:
3117:
3116:
3107:
3097:
3095:
3086:
3085:
3078:
3073:
3064:Alex Steinweiss
3044:
3019:
2993:
2961:Bradley Studios
2957:
2955:Bradley Studios
2951:
2939:
2933:
2917:
2911:
2892:
2886:
2878:Equitable Tower
2858:
2834:
2802:
2790:
2758:
2750:Robbie Williams
2733:
2728:
2701:
2609:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2588:
2584:
2577:
2571:
2562:Nippon Columbia
2548:
2525:Robbie Williams
2521:Lauren Jauregui
2478:
2462:CBS Corporation
2431:
2367:Frederic Dannen
2323:
2312:
2306:
2303:
2292:
2280:
2269:
2255:, conducted by
2230:
2201:phono cartridge
2141:matrix decoding
2137:SQ Quadraphonic
2129:
2040:Honey Come Back
2032:
2030:Catalog numbers
2027:
1985:Three Dog Night
1935:
1866:
1825:In a Silent Way
1797:Aretha Franklin
1788:
1780:Capitol Records
1717:
1626:
1607:
1599:Coronet Records
1564:
1555:
1550:
1473:
1469:
1468:
1443:
1432:
1379:Capitol Records
1372:Thelonious Monk
1352:Louis Armstrong
1307:Thelonious Monk
1272:Louis Armstrong
1159:Mahalia Jackson
1134:Philips Records
1113:
1070:Capitol Records
1031:
1027:
1024:
1022:
973:
914:Sparton Records
902:classical music
845:
813:Aretha Franklin
729:southern gospel
649:and subsequent
643:
564:Louis Armstrong
523:
464:Lillian Nordica
426:Byron G. Harlan
343:
338:
288:is an American
275:columbiarecords
273:
241:
203:
201:
198:
189:
185:
178:
167:
165:
163:
152:
150:
144:
142:
141:(June 1934
140:
129:
127:
126:– May 1934
121:
119:
117:
106:
104:
98:
96:
94:
90:
83:
68:
67:Logo since 1999
54:
49:
44:
37:
33:Columbia Record
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6192:
6190:
6182:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6086:
6085:
6081:
6080:
6057:
6056:
6054:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6006:Somethin' Else
6003:
5998:
5996:Dischi Ricordi
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5952:
5950:
5944:
5943:
5941:
5940:
5939:
5938:
5933:
5930:
5925:
5917:
5911:
5909:
5905:
5904:
5902:
5901:
5898:The First Take
5894:
5888:
5883:
5882:
5881:
5880:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5866:
5863:
5860:
5859:
5858:
5855:
5854:Crunchyroll SA
5852:
5844:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5783:
5781:
5775:
5774:
5772:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5755:
5749:
5747:
5741:
5740:
5738:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5716:
5715:
5704:
5702:
5696:
5695:
5693:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5676:
5674:
5668:
5667:
5665:
5664:
5662:Arista Records
5659:
5654:
5649:
5643:
5641:
5637:
5636:
5634:
5633:
5632:Kevin Kelleher
5630:
5624:
5622:
5618:
5617:
5612:
5610:
5609:
5602:
5595:
5587:
5581:
5580:
5575:
5569:
5562:
5561:External links
5559:
5557:
5556:
5544:
5524:
5508:
5501:
5495:
5481:
5466:
5457:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5429:
5428:
5422:
5406:
5405:
5384:
5366:
5349:
5331:
5312:
5286:
5272:Milner, Greg,
5265:
5258:
5229:
5214:
5207:
5189:
5170:
5154:
5138:
5109:
5083:
5057:
5043:
5026:
5014:
4983:
4957:
4926:
4900:
4867:
4839:
4822:
4810:
4798:
4786:
4779:
4753:
4728:
4703:
4674:
4648:
4635:"Bitches Brew"
4625:
4599:
4589:Pop Chronicles
4568:
4537:
4496:
4471:
4445:
4412:
4397:
4366:
4340:
4314:
4276:
4250:
4235:
4217:
4202:
4193:
4162:
4150:
4129:"Kind of Blue"
4120:
4100:
4065:
4058:
4035:
4010:
3979:
3967:
3953:
3927:
3905:
3874:
3852:
3843:
3834:
3820:
3803:
3785:
3771:
3740:
3720:
3694:
3682:
3657:
3632:
3626:978-1560257073
3625:
3600:
3593:
3575:
3549:
3526:
3514:Newspapers.com
3491:
3465:
3438:
3409:
3402:
3382:
3371:
3354:
3347:
3329:
3302:
3280:
3255:
3240:
3226:
3205:
3179:
3151:
3127:
3105:
3088:"Frank Walker"
3075:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3067:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3038:
3035:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3018:
3015:
2992:
2989:
2950:
2947:
2932:
2929:
2913:Main article:
2910:
2907:
2888:Main article:
2885:
2882:
2857:
2854:
2833:
2830:
2801:
2798:
2789:
2786:
2778:Weather Report
2757:
2754:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2719:
2716:
2715:Signal Records
2713:
2710:
2707:
2700:
2697:
2611:
2610:
2591:
2589:
2582:
2573:Main article:
2570:
2567:
2558:Sony Classical
2547:
2544:
2482:talent manager
2477:
2474:
2430:
2427:
2343:T-Neck Records
2339:Isley Brothers
2325:
2324:
2283:
2281:
2274:
2268:
2265:
2229:
2226:
2218:Super Audio CD
2185:Herbie Hancock
2145:surround sound
2128:
2125:
2082:Sony Classical
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
1934:
1931:
1865:
1862:
1834:, pioneered a
1787:
1784:
1776:the Beach Boys
1756:the Rip Chords
1752:Bruce Johnston
1716:
1713:
1685:Julie Driscoll
1634:Carolyn Hester
1625:
1622:
1606:
1603:
1563:
1560:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1491:Eugene Ormandy
1442:
1439:
1435:s album charts
1356:Duke Ellington
1311:Charles Mingus
1268:George Avakian
1260:Duke Ellington
1249:S. Neil Fujita
1112:
1109:
1046:Eugene Ormandy
995:William Savory
991:Peter Goldmark
981:"microgroove"
972:
969:
950:Mildred Bailey
844:
841:
825:Robert Johnson
745:J. Bazzel Mull
642:
639:
604:Moran and Mack
522:
519:
468:Antonio Scotti
447:cylinders and
441:Emile Berliner
422:Arthur Collins
342:
339:
337:
334:
326:Arista Records
281:
280:
271:
267:
266:
263:
259:
258:
255:
251:
250:
247:
243:
242:
240:
239:
233:
229:
227:
226:Distributor(s)
223:
222:
217:
213:
212:
195:
191:
190:
188:
187:
180:
173:
158:
135:
112:
85:
76:
74:
73:Parent company
70:
69:
66:
58:
57:
47:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6191:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6091:
6089:
6079:
6069:
6065:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5976:Ultra Records
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5956:Alamo Records
5954:
5953:
5951:
5949:
5945:
5937:
5934:
5932:Red Essential
5931:
5929:
5926:
5923:
5922:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5912:
5910:
5906:
5900:
5899:
5895:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5867:
5864:
5861:
5856:
5853:
5850:
5849:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5839:
5837:
5836:Sony Pictures
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5814:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5784:
5782:
5780:
5776:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5750:
5748:
5746:
5742:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5725:Milan Records
5723:
5721:
5718:
5714:
5711:
5710:
5709:
5706:
5705:
5703:
5701:
5697:
5691:
5688:
5686:
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5681:
5678:
5677:
5675:
5673:
5669:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5644:
5642:
5638:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5625:
5623:
5621:Key personnel
5619:
5615:
5608:
5603:
5601:
5596:
5594:
5589:
5588:
5585:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5564:
5560:
5554:
5553:
5548:
5545:
5542:
5538:
5534:
5533:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5522:1-56025-707-5
5519:
5515:
5514:
5509:
5506:
5502:
5499:
5496:
5493:
5492:0-316-77333-6
5489:
5485:
5482:
5479:
5478:0-937612-10-3
5475:
5471:
5467:
5464:
5463:
5458:
5455:
5451:
5450:0-8118-3394-1
5447:
5443:
5442:
5437:
5436:
5431:
5425:
5419:
5415:
5410:
5409:
5403:
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5398:
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5388:
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5359:
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5350:
5347:
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5335:
5332:
5328:
5324:
5321:
5316:
5313:
5300:
5293:
5291:
5287:
5283:
5279:
5275:
5269:
5266:
5261:
5255:
5250:
5249:
5240:
5238:
5236:
5234:
5230:
5227:
5223:
5218:
5215:
5210:
5208:0-8118-3394-1
5204:
5200:
5193:
5190:
5186:
5182:
5181:
5174:
5171:
5166:
5165:
5158:
5155:
5150:
5149:
5142:
5139:
5127:
5123:
5119:
5113:
5110:
5097:
5093:
5087:
5084:
5071:
5067:
5061:
5058:
5053:
5047:
5044:
5040:
5036:
5030:
5027:
5023:
5018:
5015:
5002:
4998:
4997:Billboard.biz
4994:
4987:
4984:
4971:
4967:
4961:
4958:
4945:
4941:
4937:
4930:
4927:
4914:
4910:
4904:
4901:
4888:
4884:
4880:
4874:
4872:
4868:
4855:
4850:
4843:
4840:
4837:
4833:
4830:
4826:
4823:
4819:
4818:Dannen (1991)
4814:
4811:
4808:, p. 21.
4807:
4806:Dannen (1991)
4802:
4799:
4796:, p. 19.
4795:
4794:Dannen (1991)
4790:
4787:
4782:
4780:1-59863-141-1
4776:
4772:
4767:
4766:
4757:
4754:
4742:
4738:
4732:
4729:
4717:
4713:
4707:
4704:
4692:
4688:
4681:
4679:
4675:
4663:
4659:
4656:Eder, Bruce.
4652:
4649:
4636:
4633:Jurek, Thom.
4629:
4626:
4614:
4610:
4603:
4600:
4595:
4591:
4590:
4582:
4578:
4572:
4569:
4557:
4553:
4549:
4548:
4541:
4538:
4525:
4521:
4517:
4513:
4508:
4500:
4497:
4485:
4484:Rolling Stone
4481:
4475:
4472:
4459:
4455:
4449:
4446:
4434:
4430:
4423:
4421:
4419:
4417:
4413:
4409:
4408:Dannen (1991)
4404:
4402:
4398:
4385:
4381:
4377:
4370:
4367:
4355:
4351:
4344:
4341:
4329:
4325:
4318:
4315:
4303:
4299:
4295:
4291:
4290:
4283:
4281:
4277:
4265:
4261:
4254:
4251:
4246:
4242:
4238:
4236:9780262036238
4232:
4228:
4221:
4218:
4214:. p. 15.
4213:
4206:
4203:
4197:
4194:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4166:
4163:
4159:
4158:Dannen (1991)
4154:
4151:
4138:
4134:
4130:
4124:
4121:
4116:
4115:
4110:
4104:
4101:
4089:
4085:
4081:
4077:
4076:
4069:
4066:
4061:
4055:
4051:
4044:
4042:
4040:
4036:
4031:
4027:
4023:
4017:
4015:
4011:
3999:
3995:
3991:
3990:
3983:
3980:
3977:, p. 62.
3976:
3975:Dannen (1991)
3971:
3968:
3956:
3950:
3946:
3941:
3940:
3931:
3928:
3915:
3909:
3906:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3885:
3878:
3875:
3862:
3856:
3853:
3847:
3844:
3838:
3835:
3831:
3830:
3824:
3821:
3816:
3810:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3795:
3789:
3786:
3781:
3775:
3772:
3760:
3756:
3752:
3751:
3744:
3741:
3736:
3735:
3730:
3724:
3721:
3708:
3704:
3698:
3695:
3691:
3686:
3683:
3671:
3667:
3661:
3658:
3646:
3642:
3636:
3633:
3628:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3607:
3605:
3601:
3596:
3594:9781452107561
3590:
3586:
3579:
3576:
3563:
3559:
3553:
3550:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3530:
3527:
3522:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3506:
3501:
3495:
3492:
3479:
3475:
3469:
3466:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3442:
3439:
3435:
3434:Notes section
3432:
3427:
3426:
3418:
3416:
3414:
3410:
3405:
3399:
3395:
3394:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3375:
3372:
3367:
3366:
3358:
3355:
3350:
3348:1-56159-284-6
3344:
3340:
3333:
3330:
3317:
3313:
3306:
3303:
3291:
3284:
3281:
3268:
3262:
3260:
3256:
3251:
3244:
3241:
3236:
3230:
3227:
3215:
3209:
3206:
3193:
3189:
3183:
3180:
3168:
3167:
3162:
3155:
3152:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3138:
3131:
3128:
3123:
3122:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3106:
3093:
3089:
3083:
3081:
3077:
3070:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3046:
3045:
3041:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3016:
3014:
3012:
3008:
3003:
2999:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2956:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2938:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2922:
2916:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2891:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2831:
2829:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2814:
2811:
2810:country music
2807:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2794:Aware Records
2788:Aware Records
2787:
2785:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2762:Maurice White
2755:
2753:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2738:Calvin Harris
2730:
2725:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2607:
2595:
2590:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2559:
2554:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2536:
2534:
2530:
2529:Calvin Harris
2526:
2522:
2517:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2502:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2483:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2434:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2402:
2401:The Wall Tour
2397:
2393:
2389:
2388:
2383:
2379:
2374:
2372:
2368:
2362:
2359:
2355:
2350:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2321:
2318:
2310:
2300:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2284:This section
2282:
2278:
2273:
2272:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2249:
2244:
2240:
2234:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2210:Dolby Digital
2207:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2153:Pierre Boulez
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2135:, using the "
2134:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2070:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2029:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2008:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1927:
1922:
1921:
1916:
1912:
1911:Mrs. Robinson
1908:
1907:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1839:
1837:
1833:
1832:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1804:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1741:Terry Melcher
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1715:Rock and roll
1714:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1701:
1696:
1695:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1661:'go electric'
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1612:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1590:
1587:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1568:
1561:
1559:
1552:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1535:
1531:
1528:
1524:
1523:
1515:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1466:
1463:conducted by
1462:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1448:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1425:Marty Robbins
1422:
1421:the Four Lads
1418:
1413:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1334:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1298:
1297:Rolling Stone
1293:
1292:
1287:
1286:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1222:Elvis Presley
1219:
1215:
1211:
1210:Marty Robbins
1207:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1195:Johnny Mathis
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1175:The Four Lads
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1151:Frankie Laine
1148:
1143:
1138:
1135:
1125:
1117:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1088:
1087:South Pacific
1083:
1078:
1076:
1075:Decca Records
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1039:
1020:
1019:
1018:concept album
1014:
1010:
1006:
1005:
998:
996:
992:
988:
984:
979:
970:
968:
966:
962:
957:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
926:Benny Goodman
922:
921:Frank Sinatra
917:
915:
911:
906:
903:
899:
895:
889:
886:
880:
878:
874:
873:Art Satherley
870:
865:
863:
862:Arthur Judson
858:
849:
842:
840:
838:
832:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
809:Leonard Cohen
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
785:
781:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
759:
754:
748:
747:(1914–2006).
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
725:
723:
722:Benny Goodman
719:
715:
711:
710:Western Swing
707:
702:
698:
694:
690:
685:
683:
679:
674:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
655:Odeon records
652:
648:
647:Crash of 1929
640:
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5948:Other labels
5908:Distribution
5896:
5886:Music On! TV
5822:A-1 Pictures
5797:Ariola Japan
5735:Okeh Records
5657:Epic Records
5646:
5628:Rob Stringer
5551:
5531:
5527:Ramone, Phil
5511:
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3182:
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3170:. Retrieved
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3120:
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3091:
3011:CBS Symphony
2994:
2980:
2977:Owen Bradley
2958:
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2920:
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2861:
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2835:
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2803:
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2782:the Emotions
2759:
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2699:Subsidiaries
2693:Epic Records
2669:Dove Cameron
2641:Harry Styles
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2304:
2293:Please help
2288:verification
2285:
2246:
2235:
2231:
2193:8-track tape
2130:
2121:Roy Buchanan
2117:Nils Lofgren
2107:, headed by
2094:
2067:
2064:Show Stopper
2063:
2039:
2033:
2010:
2005:
1993:
1972:
1966:
1936:
1924:
1918:
1915:The Graduate
1914:
1906:The Graduate
1904:
1901:Mike Nichols
1892:
1886:
1867:
1855:
1840:
1831:Bitches Brew
1829:
1823:
1816:Janis Joplin
1805:
1789:
1760:Wade Flemons
1750:Melcher and
1749:
1736:
1718:
1705:country rock
1698:
1692:
1673:Manfred Mann
1642:
1630:John Hammond
1627:
1614:
1611:Mitch Miller
1608:
1591:
1588:
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1500:George Szell
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1479:Bruno Walter
1450:
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1409:My Fair Lady
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1367:
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1344:Dave Brubeck
1337:
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1295:
1291:Kind of Blue
1289:
1283:
1276:Dave Brubeck
1257:
1242:
1238:Carl Perkins
1206:Epic Records
1203:
1167:Guy Mitchell
1155:Tony Bennett
1142:Mitch Miller
1139:
1130:
1105:
1101:
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1054:Bruno Walter
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958:
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780:World War II
767:Benny Carter
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756:
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740:
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718:Irving Mills
686:
675:
644:
608:
580:Guy Lombardo
572:Bessie Smith
560:Okeh Records
557:
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538:
535:
500:
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437:disc records
434:
415:
380:
318:Epic Records
290:record label
285:
284:
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5936:TVT Records
5920:The Orchard
5842:Crunchyroll
5827:CloverWorks
5807:Sacra Music
5792:Kioon Music
5652:RCA Records
5305:February 1,
5301:. Music Row
5131:October 25,
5007:November 8,
4976:November 8,
4410:, p. .
3568:November 8,
3484:January 15,
3295:January 22,
3273:January 22,
3219:November 8,
3198:November 8,
2870:Phil Ramone
2746:Central Cee
2742:George Ezra
2689:RCA Records
2673:Central Cee
2657:Addison Rae
2645:Miley Cyrus
2625:Celine Dion
2499:ATO Records
2487:Microdisney
2466:CBS Records
2257:Zubin Mehta
2206:home cinema
2177:Ray Conniff
2169:Johnny Cash
2109:George Daly
2097:Clive Davis
2078:Sony Wonder
1961:, such as "
1959:Steppenwolf
1808:Clive Davis
1681:Brian Auger
1649:The Turtles
1562:CBS Records
1417:Jo Stafford
1383:CBS Coronet
1325:jazz fusion
1280:Miles Davis
1234:Johnny Cash
1226:Sun Records
1187:Ray Conniff
1171:Johnnie Ray
1096:Mary Martin
938:Eddy Duchin
930:Count Basie
801:Pete Seeger
793:Count Basie
753:swing music
615:Ruth Etting
576:Dan Hornsby
549:Art Gillham
395:phonographs
375:Art Gillham
363:graphophone
322:RCA Records
306:CBS Records
186:(2004–2008)
179:(1988–1991)
6174:Sony Music
6088:Categories
5758:Syco Music
5547:Dave Marsh
5423:0099813106
4970:Sony Music
4893:August 12,
4637:. AllMusic
4618:August 23,
3071:References
3017:Executives
2953:See also:
2935:See also:
2820:under the
2604:March 2024
2378:Pink Floyd
2358:Dick Asher
2354:John Backe
2248:Petrouchka
2243:Stravinsky
2197:Quadradisc
2165:Pink Floyd
2161:Billy Joel
2036:Patti Page
1968:Easy Rider
1963:The Pusher
1939:Hoyt Axton
1878:Paul Simon
1870:Tom Wilson
1843:Moby Grape
1733:merseybeat
1395:RCA Victor
1320:Milestones
1315:modal jazz
1303:Teo Macero
1253:television
1218:Carl Smith
1191:Jerry Vale
1163:Jimmy Boyd
1092:Ezio Pinza
946:Kate Smith
894:RCA Victor
885:Gene Autry
771:Joe Venuti
659:Parlophone
635:W.T. Grant
611:Ben Selvin
383:New Jersey
238:(reissues)
204:1889-01-22
168:1938-12-17
107:1931-03-31
99:1925-10-05
88:Previously
6078:Companies
5961:Som Livre
5928:RED Music
5672:Nashville
5379:Billboard
5364:magazine.
5284:), p. 149
4950:March 16,
4919:March 16,
4667:April 11,
4641:April 11,
4556:0006-2510
4547:Billboard
4520:0307-1235
4302:0006-2510
4289:Billboard
4245:958205262
4212:Billboard
4143:April 11,
4114:Billboard
4088:0006-2510
4075:Billboard
3998:0006-2510
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3884:Billboard
3783:singles."
3759:0006-2510
3750:Billboard
3546:(1): 133.
3146:0006-2510
3137:Billboard
3048:Jim Flora
3023:Ron Perry
2969:Music Row
2943:Hollywood
2866:Bob Dylan
2846:Manhattan
2665:JoJo Siwa
2653:Blink-182
2649:Lil Nas X
2540:Ron Perry
2533:Daft Punk
2480:American
2410:extortion
2392:Billboard
2356:promoted
2307:June 2017
2090:550 Music
2025:The 1970s
1893:Billboard
1883:folk-rock
1856:Billboard
1803:in 1967.
1772:the Byrds
1719:When the
1653:folk rock
1638:Bob Dylan
1624:Bob Dylan
1548:The 1960s
1540:Billboard
1522:Ellington
1430:Billboard
1245:modernist
1214:Ray Price
1199:Doris Day
1183:Kay Lande
983:LP record
942:Ray Noble
805:Bob Dylan
714:Andy Iona
671:antitrust
627:Ted Lewis
609:In 1929,
488:Grafonola
292:owned by
5640:Flagship
5323:Archived
4832:Archived
4696:June 29,
4662:AllMusic
4579:(1969).
4561:July 21,
4524:Archived
4438:June 29,
4384:Archived
4307:July 21,
4180:Archived
4093:July 21,
4003:July 21,
3960:July 21,
3898:July 21,
3764:July 21,
3713:June 18,
3478:BBC News
3460:24027031
3431:See also
3098:June 18,
3059:Sony BMG
3042:See also
2925:Studio D
2921:Studio C
2899:Studio E
2895:Studio B
2862:Studio A
2387:The Wall
2380:single "
2371:per song
2101:Automatt
2086:Monument
2084:, N for
2080:, S for
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1943:Tom Rush
1920:Bookends
1669:The Band
1502:and the
1459:and the
1285:Time Out
1064:and the
1056:and the
1048:and the
898:Red Seal
701:Melotone
697:Vocalion
492:Victrola
411:Delaware
407:Maryland
262:Location
5812:Aniplex
4940:Variety
4721:July 2,
4584:(audio)
4382:. NPR.
4359:July 2,
4333:July 2,
4269:July 2,
4186:July 2,
3916:. 45cat
3707:Variety
3675:July 1,
3650:July 1,
3092:Variety
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2629:Beyoncé
2594:updated
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2251:by the
2222:Blu-ray
2181:Santana
1996:Elektra
1989:Dunhill
1979:" and "
1951:Vee-Jay
1949:, then
1947:Horizon
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1735:album,
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1472:⁄
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385:native
336:History
249:Various
216:Founder
202: (
194:Founded
172:– 1988)
166: (
153:1938-12
151: (
145:1934-06
143: (
130:1934-05
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122:1931-12
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6064:Portal
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4883:ENCORE
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4746:May 5,
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2553:Bodoni
2419:payola
2337:, the
2187:, and
2038:album
2019:albums
1525:, the
1485:, and
1447:Handel
1441:Stereo
1060:, and
952:, and
716:, the
699:, and
470:, and
409:, and
5893:(39%)
5779:Japan
5760:(50%)
5185:p.212
4773:–94.
3456:JSTOR
2677:Chlöe
2633:Adele
2016:three
2007:that.
1903:film
1851:D-Day
1433:'
1111:1950s
1090:with
784:bebop
478:(The
430:Sears
246:Genre
82:(SME)
6046:Vevo
5924:IODA
5915:AWAL
5802:mora
5537:ISBN
5518:ISBN
5488:ISBN
5474:ISBN
5446:ISBN
5418:ISBN
5402:p.75
5346:p.xx
5307:2013
5278:ISBN
5254:ISBN
5203:ISBN
5133:2012
5104:2009
5078:2009
5009:2016
4978:2016
4952:2012
4921:2012
4895:2014
4862:2009
4775:ISBN
4748:2019
4723:2018
4698:2017
4669:2012
4643:2012
4620:2011
4563:2013
4552:ISSN
4532:2017
4516:ISSN
4491:2017
4466:2017
4440:2017
4392:2017
4361:2018
4335:2018
4309:2013
4298:ISSN
4271:2018
4241:OCLC
4231:ISBN
4188:2018
4145:2012
4095:2013
4084:ISSN
4054:ISBN
4005:2013
3994:ISSN
3962:2013
3949:ISBN
3922:2013
3900:2013
3889:ISSN
3869:2013
3766:2013
3755:ISSN
3715:2022
3677:2022
3652:2022
3621:ISBN
3589:ISBN
3570:2016
3486:2009
3398:ISBN
3343:ISBN
3324:2009
3297:2014
3275:2014
3221:2016
3200:2016
3174:2013
3142:ISSN
3100:2022
2975:and
2923:and
2897:and
2748:and
2531:and
2489:and
2438:Sony
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2013:next
1941:and
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