832:
and private hire vehicles (licensed under the Local
Government (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1976) which must be pre-booked and whose rates are set by the private hire operator. Hackney carriages may only pick up fares off the street in the area in which they are licensed—however, they and private hire vehicles may pick up anywhere in the UK as long as they are pre-booked, and the driver, vehicle and operator are all licensed in the same borough. Some authorities have entered into agreements with neighbouring authorities to deputise each other's enforcement officers so they have the power to apprehend "trespassing" taxis from outside their area.
735:
260:
487:, then first pass a written test which qualifies them to make an "appearance". At appearances, Knowledge boys and girls must, without looking at a map, identify the two points of interest in metropolitan London that their examiner chooses and then choose the shortest and most sensible route from one to the other. For each route, the applicants must recite the names of the roads used, when they cross junctions, use roundabouts, make turns, and what is 'alongside' them at each point.
857:
743:
cars, which may require taxis to be painted in a particular livery as a licence condition. A distinctive livery helps improve identification, which in turn improves passenger safety and accessibility, as well as provide a more professional service and create and promote a local identity with taxis a common sight around town. Many towns use two-colour schemes, such as white vehicles with another specific colour on the bonnet and tailgate. The seaside city of
241:. London minicabs are now licensed by TFL (London Taxis and Private Hire), or TFLTPH, formerly known as the Public Carriage Office. This is the same body that now regulates London's licensed taxicabs, but minicab drivers do not have to complete The Knowledge, and although they must undergo a small "topographical test" in order to obtain a Private Hire Driver's Licence, they generally rely on
457:
38:
586:
230:
some areas it is possible to hold a dual hackney/private hire licence). A minicab must be booked, for example, by telephone, internet, or fax, or in person at the registered minicab office. A minicab can be booked at the time it is required, but only at the office of a company registered to accept bookings rather than directly with a driver.
693:
95:
214:
831:
Elsewhere there are two types of "taxi"—hackney carriages (licensed under the Town Police
Clauses Act 1847), which may pick up fares on the street or be pre-booked and have a meter that charges a rate set by the local authority (alternatively the driver may negotiate a lower fare with the customer),
827:
taxis are yellow, but both local authorities considered changing the livery in 2019 to reduce costs whilst still allowing taxis to be easily identified. Hartlepool proposed a two-colour scheme with a standard manufacturer colour such as white, silver or black as a base, and retain yellow only on the
229:
is used to refer to a private hire car and "private hire" is used in the rest of the United
Kingdom; that is a car with a driver available for hire only on a pre-booked basis. They began operating in the 1960s in competition with hackney carriages after a loophole in the law was spotted (although in
197:
is smaller than other vehicles of similar size (a black cab is said to be able to "turn on a sixpence"). The cab seats three people on the back seat, and two more in backwards-facing "jump seats". There is good headroom, to facilitate entry to and exit from the vehicle. A ramp for access by disabled
612:
or "black cab" and also licenses private hire or minicab services. "Black cabs" were traditionally coloured black, but this is not a requirement and cabs are painted in other colours, sometimes bearing advertising; however they are traditionally called black cabs to distinguish them from minicabs.
319:
for short) replaced the heavier and more cumbersome hackney carriages. Battery-operated taxis appeared briefly at the end of the 19th century, but the modern taxicab service took off with the appearance of petrol-powered taxis in 1903. In 1907 meters were first introduced to calculate the fare and
659:
The first horseless cab, the Bersey electric-powered vehicle, appeared in 1897, followed by the first internal combustion engine cab in 1903. At that time London still had more than 11,000 horse-drawn cabs. The last horse-drawn cab was removed from service in 1947. As of July 2019, there are over
742:
Outside London, taxis are licensed by the local authority, and in many places are required to be painted a certain colour. Most major cities predominantly use London taxis, again traditionally black but this is not always mandatory. Smaller towns and rural areas allow more varieties of passenger
375:
It is the world's most demanding training course for taxicab drivers, and applicants will usually need to pass at least twelve "appearances" (periodical one-on-one oral examinations undertaken throughout the qualification process), with the whole process averaging 34 months to pass.
108:
are regulated throughout the United
Kingdom, but the regulation of taxicabs in London is especially rigorous with regard to mechanical integrity and driver knowledge. An official report observed that: "Little however is known about the regulation by anyone outside the trade. The
447:
There are a number of
Knowledge Schools that provide books, maps and classroom tuition which help Knowledge students to learn the 320 runs and points of interest. There are separate, shorter courses for suburban London, with 30 to 50 runs, depending on the sector.
155:
Chauffeur cars are a sub-set of private hire; generally a higher-value car such as a
Mercedes-Benz or a Jaguar where the passenger pays a premium fare, but in return receives a higher level of comfort and courtesy from the driver, some of whom wear a
706:
With the introduction of the
Private Hire Vehicles (London) Act 1998 the role of the PCO has been expanded to include the licensing of private hire operators, drivers and vehicles, bringing the capital into line with the rest of England and Wales.
245:
or local knowledge to take them to the pick up and destination. All vehicles available for pre-booking by London minicab drivers must hold a private hire vehicle (PHV) licence showing that the vehicles are fit for purpose; this is updated with
296:
began providing taxicab service in the early 17th century. In 1636 the number of carriages was set at 50, an early example of taxicab regulation. In the same year, the owner of four hackney carriages established the first
437:, police stations, courts, diplomatic buildings, important places of worship, cemeteries, crematoria, parks and open spaces, sports and leisure centres, places of learning, restaurants and historic buildings.
250:
twice a year after an inspection at a licensed garage. In London, new applicants must send their
Topographical Test Certificate along with their application to the PH Driver Licensing Section of the TFLTPH.
683:
in 1890. It moved to 109 Lambeth Road in 1919, remaining there until 1966, when it moved to 15 Penton Street, Islington. In 2010 it moved again to the
Palestra Building at 197 Blackfriars Road, Southwark.
192:
There have been many models over the years. The space beside the driver's seat can be used for luggage, although there is much luggage room in the passenger compartment. For improved manoeuvrability, the
356:
The London taxicab driver is required to be able to decide routes immediately in response to a passenger's request or traffic conditions, rather than stopping to look at a map, relying on
506:
of trainee cab drivers. The hippocampus is the area of the brain used for spatial memory and navigation, and is generally larger in taxi drivers than in the general population.
185:). Unlike many other cities, the number of taxicab drivers in London is not limited. For many years purpose-designed vehicles were used, but from about 2008 specially adapted "
121:
in 2000." In 2015, there were around 298,000 licensed drivers in
England, of which 164,000 were private hire licences, 62,000 were taxi licences and 72,000 were dual licences.
1799:
703:
On the formation of Transport for London on 3 July 2000, the licensing authority changed; however, the day-to-day licensing function remained with the Public Carriage Office.
549:
documentary films, Tony Walker is seen on his motor scooter learning "The Knowledge" before becoming a cab driver. Later, his wife Debbie joins him after qualifying herself.
1691:
1785:
1582:
923:
554:
177:(so-called, despite now being of various colours and advertising designs) are specially constructed vehicles designed to conform to the standards set out in the
533:
1101:
495:
Knowledge boys/girls and their online learning communities have been the subject of academic research, including a PhD dissertation by Drew Ross at
1677:
748:
1445:
664:
1864:
1331:
663:
Regulation of the trade passed to the Registrar of Metropolitan Public Carriages (better known as the Public Carriage Office), formed by the
622:
99:
1963:
1829:
1771:
1663:
1712:
1398:
828:
bonnet and boot, but abandoned plans after a consultation. Derby plans to change to black with a yellow diagonal stripe on each side.
910:
331:, mandating size, turning radius, age, and emissions, resulting in unique vehicles built primarily for the London market such as the
81:
1678:"How can I tell which Hackney Carriage or Private Hire Drivers, Vehicles and Operators are licensed currently by Bradford Council?"
940:
714:, the London Assembly's Transport Committee reported on a review of the Public Carriage Office and made some key recommendations.
1007:
723:
1190:
966:
1740:
1646:
1618:
1604:
1155:
1542:
1515:
480:, and can be identified by the clipboard fixed to the handlebars and showing details of the streets to be learned that day.
348:
306:
182:
48:
835:
The legal way for a driver to ply outside their area is to obtain multiple licences, one for each licence authority area.
1417:
284:
laying out streets either parallel or at right angles to each other; thus the streets of London follow complex patterns.
1033:
422:
1222:"Backstage with the Knowledge Boys and Girls: Goffman and Distributed Agency in an Organic Online Community (Abstract)"
360:
or asking a controller by radio. Consequently, the "Knowledge of London" is the in-depth study of a number of pre-set
1568:
722:
The Pedicabs (London) Act 2024 was passed giving TfL the power to regulate pedicabs within guidance published by the
1488:
1075:
734:
1933:
173:
Only licensed hackney carriages can pick up passengers on the street and without pre-booking. London's traditional
1857:
113:(PCO), which regulates and licenses taxis and private hire (commonly known as minicabs) was transferred from the
259:
1913:
1754:
756:
63:
870:
625:
Cabs gathered around the Public Carriage Office's home from 1850 to 1919 (right), located beside the original
567:
The Knowledge, its runs, and to a certain extent the role of the PCO, form the basis for a future religion in
875:
862:
776:
59:
990:
1632:
1143:
1105:
1015:
816:
537:
434:
393:
110:
1873:
1047:
820:
680:
430:
328:
178:
1850:
1800:"Hartlepool taxis to stay yellow - drivers vow to 'stand up, scream and shout' over suggested change"
1276:
885:
671:
in 1850. It was originally based in a small building called "the Bungalow" near the original site of
653:
605:
520:
477:
357:
324:
311:
118:
880:
668:
271:
114:
1938:
1918:
1883:
1466:
1440:
1241:
1027:
760:
441:
207:
137:
1898:
1826:
1394:
1374:
1327:
1304:
744:
496:
483:
Taxi-driver applicants must be 'of good character', meeting strict requirements regarding any
461:
238:
152:
which are licensed to carry between 5 and 8 passengers. These cannot be hailed on the street.
564:, Chas Chandler's job as a taxi driver is the basis for various plot elements of the series.
1943:
1908:
1813:
1294:
1284:
1260:
1233:
649:
609:
573:
426:
408:
369:
293:
268:
168:
130:
913:, London Assembly Transport Committee report into the Public Carriage Office, November 2005
645:, were among the first hackney carriages to ply for hire. They were the forerunners of the
1923:
1903:
1888:
1833:
638:
515:
484:
1280:
944:
1893:
1156:"Applicants for a Taxi Driver’s Licence – The 'Knowledge of London' Examination System"
991:"The Knowledge, London’s Legendary Taxi-Driver Test, Puts Up a Fight in the Age of GPS"
752:
601:
525:
385:
302:
277:
194:
136:
Private hire vehicles ('minicabs') are passenger vehicles which can be either a 4-door
1546:
1519:
1198:
181:. London taxi drivers are licensed and must have passed an extensive training course (
1957:
1435:
1299:
1264:
1245:
1169:"Requirements in order to obtain a taxi licence in London – by: Transport for London"
1011:
780:
672:
626:
444:, and the names and order of the side streets and traffic signals passed on a route.
401:
336:
298:
145:
621:
1221:
642:
529:
421:
mile (0.80 km) of each end of those routes including streets, squares, clubs,
1741:"Guildford's taxis to become 'corporate teal' as driver's court case is dismissed"
1726:
1347:
808:
795:
they are pale yellow with a white stripe. Single colour schemes include blue in
792:
503:
456:
218:
1692:"Conditions Applicable to the Licensing of Hackney Carriage Vehicles, part 1.3"
1492:
1269:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
791:
are all white with a yellow stripe running the full length of the side, and in
696:
right~PCO licence plate, as seen on the back of all licensed hackney carriages
852:
842:
812:
804:
560:
404:
are covered, along with the major arterial routes through the rest of London.
1237:
1386:
800:
788:
676:
594:
585:
568:
545:
281:
174:
141:
17:
1308:
1289:
1022:. English Local Government. Vol. 4. 1922: Longman, Green. p. 240.
502:
There is evidence that training for the Knowledge can measurably alter the
1168:
784:
764:
247:
1368:
1265:"Navigation-related structural change in the hippocampi of taxi drivers"
692:
796:
772:
597:
365:
332:
264:
186:
149:
105:
1263:; Good, C. D.; Ashburner, J.; Frackowiak, R. S.; Frith, C. D. (2000).
755:, uses white with royal purple on the bonnet and tailgate, and in the
221:
UK private minicab with company name and telephone number on each side
1842:
1605:"Cab drivers say council colours make taxis look like 'dustbin cars'"
1119:
646:
634:
361:
242:
234:
787:
are all white with a green diagonal stripe on the front side doors.
368:
drivers in that city must complete to obtain a licence to operate a
133:(taxis) can be flagged down on the street or hired from a taxi rank.
94:
66:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
738:
Hackney carriages in Leeds are white with black bumpers and bonnets
280:, a metropolitan area with a population of about 8 million, has no
213:
838:
824:
768:
733:
691:
620:
589:
Taxis and private hire driver licences in London from 2010 to 2022
455:
258:
212:
93:
440:
The Knowledge includes details such as the order of theatres on
397:
1846:
841:
is reported to have the highest number of taxicabs per head of
1104:. Public Carriage Office, Transport for London. Archived from
31:
1048:"CONSTRUCTION AND LICENSING OF MOTOR TAXIS FOR USE IN LONDON"
593:
The Taxi and Private Hire office is the body responsible for
633:
Since 1600 public carriages for hire have been a feature of
407:
A taxicab-driver must learn these routes, as well as the "
372:. It was initiated in 1865, and has changed little since.
924:"Taxi and Private Hire Vehicle Statistics: England 2015"
27:
Transportation in form of taxicabs in the United Kingdom
233:
Since 2001 minicabs have been subject to regulation in
55:
767:
taxis display white with orange bonnet and tailgate,
558:
miniseries, which was a spin-off from the comic book
347:"The Knowledge" redirects here. For other uses, see
532:, and was in 2000 voted number 83 in a list of the
1664:"Consultation launched over taxis in west Suffolk"
679:, remaining there even when the Yard moved to the
1680:. City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council.
476:, usually follow these routes around London on a
384:Three hundred and twenty standard routes through
323:Today, taxicab service in London is regulated by
206:"Minicab" redirects here. For the Kei truck, see
1715:. Bournemouth, Christchurch & Poole Council.
1713:"Guide to Using Taxis and Private Hire Vehicles"
1491:. Portsmouth.gov.uk. 7 June 2010. Archived from
1814:"Derby cabs yellow to black change criticised"
1514:City and County of Swansea (28 January 2010).
1467:"Taxi and Private Hire Byelaws and Conditions"
1158:, Public Carriage Office, Transport for London
656:) which first appeared in London around 1820.
641:of aristocratic families, complete with their
608:and is responsible for licensing the familiar
433:, embassies, government and public buildings,
364:street routes and all places of interest that
1858:
320:were set at 8d (8 pence) for the first mile.
8:
1666:. East Anglian Daily Times. 29 January 2020.
660:21,000 licensed vehicles on London's roads.
468:During training, would-be cabbies, known as
305:. After 1662 hackneys were regulated by the
1569:"East Riding taxis branded with new livery"
1541:City and County of Swansea (17 June 2010).
1436:"Pedicabs (London) Act 2024: Section 7"
1322:Blakemore, Sarah-Jayne; Frith, Uta (2005).
807:, whilst white is used widely including in
396:. In all, some 25,000 streets within a six-
1865:
1851:
1843:
1020:Statutory Authorities for Special Purposes
967:"Apply for a private hire vehicle licence"
534:100 Greatest British Television Programmes
1324:The learning brain: lessons for education
1298:
1288:
390:Guide to Learning the Knowledge of London
82:Learn how and when to remove this message
1701:. St Albans City & District Council.
584:
1755:"Conditions of licence and enforcement"
1699:Application Pack For A Hackney Carriage
1607:. Maidenhead Advertiser. 8 August 2013.
900:
518:about this learning experience, called
98:Taxicab rank with "black cabs" outside
1448:, 25 April 2024, 2024 c. 7 (s. 7)
1025:
747:uses white with an aquamarine colour,
665:Hackney Carriages, Metropolis Act 1838
1583:"Blue handbook for hackney carriages"
1412:
1410:
1326:. Blackwell Publishing. p. 125.
1016:"Ch.4: The Improvement Commissioners"
906:
904:
148:, carrying up to four passengers, or
100:Liverpool Lime Street railway station
7:
1786:"Hackney carriage vehicle licensing"
1348:"Taxi drivers 'have brain sat-nav'"
943:. London-taxi.co.uk. Archived from
604:. Taxi and Private Hire is part of
1585:. Brighton & Hove City Council
751:, home to the King's residence at
25:
1619:"New taxi livery for East Riding"
1516:"# # Vehicles – Hackney Carriage"
1489:"Taxis and private hire vehicles"
1802:. The Scotsman. 4 December 2019.
1120:"The Knowledge :: A-Z Maps"
941:"Taxicab Make And Model History"
855:
724:Secretary of State for Transport
710:In November 2005, in the report
581:TfL Taxi and Private Hire office
388:, or "runs", are defined in the
189:" vehicles have also been used.
36:
1743:. Surrey Live. 9 February 2016.
1259:Maguire, E. A.; Gadian, D. G.;
1220:Ross, Drew A. R. (March 2007).
1144:"London Taxi Knowledge Schools"
1788:. Scarborough Borough Council.
349:The Knowledge (disambiguation)
307:Commissioners of Scotland Yard
1:
1393:. Bloomsbury Publishing USA.
1350:. BBC News. 13 September 2008
1195:Scientific American Frontiers
1469:. Eastbourne Borough Council
309:. In the early 19th century
1964:Taxis of the United Kingdom
1774:. Southampton City Council.
1772:"Hackney carriage licences"
995:The New York Times Magazine
392:, which is produced by the
62:the claims made and adding
1980:
1760:. Portsmouth City Council.
718:Pedicabs (London) Act 2024
346:
205:
166:
1880:
1633:"About Hackney Carriages"
1543:"Vehicles – Private Hire"
1370:The Knowledge (1979) (TV)
1621:. Yorkshire Coast Radio.
1238:10.1177/0170840607076000
1032:: CS1 maint: location (
993:Blog post by Jody Rosen
757:East Riding of Yorkshire
1729:. Bristol City Council.
1418:"Licensing information"
876:London Cab Drivers Club
863:London transport portal
845:in the United Kingdom.
667:and transferred to the
343:The Knowledge of London
202:Private hire (minicabs)
1816:. BBC. 23 August 2019.
1290:10.1073/pnas.070039597
775:black with white, and
739:
700:
630:
590:
538:British Film Institute
465:
452:"Knowledge boys/girls"
394:Public Carriage Office
274:
222:
111:Public Carriage Office
102:
1446:The National Archives
871:Cabmen's Shelter Fund
759:white with green and
737:
695:
681:Norman Shaw Buildings
624:
588:
460:"Knowledge boy" on a
459:
329:Conditions of Fitness
262:
216:
179:Conditions of Fitness
97:
1832:8 March 2007 at the
1422:Transport for London
1226:Organization Studies
1191:"The Knowledge Boys"
1080:www.nimblefins.co.uk
1076:"Taxi Statistics UK"
1055:Transport for London
971:Transport for London
675:at the north end of
637:life. The discarded
606:Transport for London
358:satellite navigation
325:Transport for London
119:Transport for London
1836:, UK Polling Report
1635:. Basildon Council.
1389:(30 October 2007).
1281:2000PNAS...97.4398M
881:Taxicabs by country
783:black with yellow.
669:Metropolitan Police
629:(left, with clock).
510:Film and literature
462:Honda Innova ANF125
411:" along and within
225:In London the term
115:Metropolitan Police
1874:Taxis of the World
1652:. Cardiff Council.
1549:on 17 October 2011
1522:on 17 October 2011
1441:legislation.gov.uk
771:white with black,
740:
701:
631:
591:
555:Chas—The Knowledge
466:
442:Shaftesbury Avenue
409:points of interest
275:
223:
208:Mitsubishi Minicab
198:people is fitted.
117:to become part of
103:
47:possibly contains
1951:
1950:
1333:978-1-4051-2401-0
524:, was written by
497:Oxford University
491:Academic research
294:hackney carriages
239:local authorities
163:Hackney carriages
131:Hackney carriages
92:
91:
84:
49:original research
16:(Redirected from
1971:
1867:
1860:
1853:
1844:
1837:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1696:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1674:
1668:
1667:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1647:"Taxi licensing"
1643:
1637:
1636:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1571:. Just Beverley.
1565:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1545:. Archived from
1538:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1518:. Archived from
1511:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1495:on 5 August 2012
1485:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1463:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1414:
1405:
1404:
1391:The Book Of Dave
1383:
1377:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1302:
1292:
1261:Johnsrude, I. S.
1256:
1250:
1249:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1201:on 7 August 2015
1197:. Archived from
1187:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1165:
1159:
1153:
1147:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1108:on 27 June 2012.
1098:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1072:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1052:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1031:
1023:
1004:
998:
988:
982:
981:
979:
977:
963:
957:
956:
954:
952:
947:on 20 April 2012
937:
931:
930:
928:
920:
914:
911:"Where to, Guv?"
908:
865:
860:
859:
858:
803:, and silver in
698:(September 2006)
650:hackney carriage
574:The Book of Dave
536:compiled by the
514:A humorous 1979
435:railway stations
420:
419:
415:
269:Heathrow Airport
169:Hackney carriage
87:
80:
76:
73:
67:
64:inline citations
40:
39:
32:
21:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1968:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1876:
1871:
1841:
1840:
1834:Wayback Machine
1825:
1821:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1798:
1797:
1793:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1757:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1711:
1710:
1706:
1694:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1649:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1588:
1586:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1567:
1566:
1562:
1552:
1550:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1525:
1523:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1498:
1496:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1472:
1470:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1451:
1449:
1434:
1433:
1429:
1416:
1415:
1408:
1401:
1385:
1384:
1380:
1367:
1363:
1353:
1351:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1334:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1275:(8): 4398–403.
1258:
1257:
1253:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1204:
1202:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1174:
1172:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1154:
1150:
1142:
1138:
1128:
1126:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1102:"The Knowledge"
1100:
1099:
1095:
1085:
1083:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1059:
1057:
1050:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1024:
1006:
1005:
1001:
989:
985:
975:
973:
965:
964:
960:
950:
948:
939:
938:
934:
926:
922:
921:
917:
909:
902:
897:
861:
856:
854:
851:
732:
720:
690:
619:
583:
516:television film
512:
493:
485:criminal record
474:Knowledge girls
454:
417:
413:
412:
382:
352:
345:
290:
257:
237:and most other
211:
204:
171:
165:
127:
88:
77:
71:
68:
53:
41:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1977:
1975:
1967:
1966:
1956:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1929:United Kingdom
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1872:
1870:
1869:
1862:
1855:
1847:
1839:
1838:
1819:
1805:
1791:
1777:
1763:
1746:
1732:
1718:
1704:
1683:
1669:
1655:
1638:
1624:
1610:
1596:
1574:
1560:
1533:
1506:
1480:
1458:
1427:
1406:
1400:978-1596913844
1399:
1378:
1361:
1339:
1332:
1314:
1251:
1212:
1182:
1171:. Infotaxi.org
1160:
1148:
1136:
1111:
1093:
1082:. 1 April 2021
1067:
1039:
1012:Webb, Beatrice
999:
983:
958:
932:
915:
899:
898:
896:
893:
892:
891:
883:
878:
873:
867:
866:
850:
847:
761:Yorkshire rose
753:Windsor Castle
731:
728:
719:
716:
712:Where to, Guv?
689:
686:
618:
615:
610:London taxicab
602:Greater London
582:
579:
526:Jack Rosenthal
511:
508:
492:
489:
470:Knowledge boys
453:
450:
386:central London
381:
380:Course details
378:
344:
341:
289:
286:
278:Greater London
256:
253:
203:
200:
195:turning circle
187:people carrier
167:Main article:
164:
161:
160:
159:
158:
157:
134:
126:
123:
90:
89:
44:
42:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1976:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1934:United States
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1875:
1868:
1863:
1861:
1856:
1854:
1849:
1848:
1845:
1835:
1831:
1828:
1827:"Luton South"
1823:
1820:
1815:
1809:
1806:
1801:
1795:
1792:
1787:
1781:
1778:
1773:
1767:
1764:
1756:
1750:
1747:
1742:
1736:
1733:
1728:
1722:
1719:
1714:
1708:
1705:
1700:
1693:
1687:
1684:
1679:
1673:
1670:
1665:
1659:
1656:
1648:
1642:
1639:
1634:
1628:
1625:
1620:
1614:
1611:
1606:
1600:
1597:
1584:
1578:
1575:
1570:
1564:
1561:
1548:
1544:
1537:
1534:
1521:
1517:
1510:
1507:
1494:
1490:
1484:
1481:
1468:
1462:
1459:
1447:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1431:
1428:
1423:
1419:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1402:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1372:
1371:
1365:
1362:
1349:
1343:
1340:
1335:
1329:
1325:
1318:
1315:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1255:
1252:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1232:(3): 307–25.
1231:
1227:
1223:
1216:
1213:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1186:
1183:
1170:
1164:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1137:
1125:
1121:
1115:
1112:
1107:
1103:
1097:
1094:
1081:
1077:
1071:
1068:
1056:
1049:
1043:
1040:
1035:
1029:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1003:
1000:
997:November 2014
996:
992:
987:
984:
972:
968:
962:
959:
946:
942:
936:
933:
925:
919:
916:
912:
907:
905:
901:
894:
890:
888:
887:The Knowledge
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
868:
864:
853:
848:
846:
844:
840:
836:
833:
829:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
781:Middlesbrough
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
736:
729:
727:
725:
717:
715:
713:
708:
704:
699:
694:
687:
685:
682:
678:
674:
673:Scotland Yard
670:
666:
661:
657:
655:
651:
648:
644:
640:
636:
628:
627:Scotland Yard
623:
616:
614:
611:
607:
603:
599:
596:
587:
580:
578:
576:
575:
570:
565:
563:
562:
557:
556:
550:
548:
547:
541:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
522:
521:The Knowledge
517:
509:
507:
505:
500:
498:
490:
488:
486:
481:
479:
478:motor scooter
475:
471:
463:
458:
451:
449:
445:
443:
438:
436:
432:
428:
424:
410:
405:
403:
402:Charing Cross
399:
395:
391:
387:
379:
377:
373:
371:
367:
363:
359:
354:
350:
342:
340:
338:
337:Mercedes Vito
334:
330:
326:
321:
318:
314:
313:
308:
304:
300:
299:taxicab stand
295:
287:
285:
283:
279:
273:
270:
267:black cab at
266:
261:
254:
252:
249:
244:
240:
236:
231:
228:
220:
215:
209:
201:
199:
196:
190:
188:
184:
183:the Knowledge
180:
176:
170:
162:
154:
153:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
132:
129:
128:
124:
122:
120:
116:
112:
107:
101:
96:
86:
83:
75:
65:
61:
57:
51:
50:
45:This article
43:
34:
33:
30:
19:
1928:
1822:
1808:
1794:
1780:
1766:
1749:
1735:
1721:
1707:
1698:
1686:
1672:
1658:
1641:
1627:
1613:
1599:
1587:. Retrieved
1577:
1563:
1551:. Retrieved
1547:the original
1536:
1524:. Retrieved
1520:the original
1509:
1497:. Retrieved
1493:the original
1483:
1471:. Retrieved
1461:
1450:, retrieved
1439:
1430:
1421:
1390:
1381:
1369:
1364:
1354:14 September
1352:. Retrieved
1342:
1323:
1317:
1272:
1268:
1254:
1229:
1225:
1215:
1205:15 September
1203:. Retrieved
1199:the original
1194:
1185:
1173:. Retrieved
1163:
1151:
1139:
1127:. Retrieved
1124:www.az.co.uk
1123:
1114:
1106:the original
1096:
1084:. Retrieved
1079:
1070:
1058:. Retrieved
1054:
1042:
1019:
1008:Webb, Sidney
1002:
994:
986:
974:. Retrieved
970:
961:
949:. Retrieved
945:the original
935:
918:
886:
837:
834:
830:
777:West Suffolk
741:
721:
711:
709:
705:
702:
697:
688:Present role
662:
658:
643:coat of arms
632:
592:
572:
566:
559:
553:
551:
544:
542:
530:Euston Films
519:
513:
501:
494:
482:
473:
469:
467:
446:
439:
406:
389:
383:
374:
355:
353:
339:seen today.
322:
316:
310:
292:Horse-drawn
291:
276:
232:
226:
224:
191:
172:
125:Types of cab
104:
78:
69:
46:
29:
18:Private hire
1914:Philippines
889:(1979 film)
817:Scarborough
809:Southampton
793:Bournemouth
504:hippocampus
219:Ford Mondeo
895:References
843:population
821:Hartlepool
813:Sunderland
805:Portsmouth
799:, teal in
763:markings.
561:Hellblazer
400:radius of
327:'s strict
312:cabriolets
303:The Strand
272:Terminal 5
175:black cabs
146:estate car
72:March 2010
56:improve it
1939:Venezuela
1919:Singapore
1884:Australia
1387:Will Self
1246:145574225
1060:1 January
1028:cite book
801:Guildford
789:St Albans
730:Elsewhere
677:Whitehall
654:cabriolet
595:licensing
569:Will Self
546:Up Series
423:hospitals
370:black cab
282:grid plan
248:MOT tests
142:hatchback
60:verifying
1958:Category
1899:Malaysia
1830:Archived
1499:17 April
1309:10716738
1175:17 April
1086:17 April
1014:(1922).
951:17 April
849:See also
785:Bradford
765:Basildon
745:Brighton
652:or cab (
598:taxicabs
431:theatres
335:and the
156:uniform.
140:/5-door
106:Taxicabs
1944:Vietnam
1909:Morocco
1727:"Taxis"
1473:9 March
1452:15 July
1277:Bibcode
976:19 June
797:Bristol
773:Cardiff
749:Windsor
639:coaches
617:History
600:within
552:In the
543:In the
416:⁄
366:taxicab
288:History
265:LTI TX4
243:satnavs
227:minicab
54:Please
1924:Taiwan
1904:Mexico
1889:Canada
1553:18 May
1526:18 May
1397:
1330:
1307:
1297:
1244:
1129:5 July
647:French
635:London
427:hotels
362:London
255:London
235:London
138:saloon
1894:India
1758:(PDF)
1695:(PDF)
1650:(PDF)
1589:6 May
1300:18253
1242:S2CID
1051:(PDF)
927:(PDF)
839:Luton
825:Derby
819:. In
769:Leeds
1591:2020
1555:2011
1528:2011
1501:2011
1475:2017
1454:2024
1395:ISBN
1375:IMDb
1356:2008
1328:ISBN
1305:PMID
1207:2017
1177:2011
1131:2018
1088:2021
1062:2007
1034:link
978:2021
953:2011
823:and
815:and
779:and
528:for
398:mile
333:LEVC
317:cabs
150:MPVs
1373:at
1295:PMC
1285:doi
1234:doi
571:'s
472:or
301:in
58:by
1960::
1697:.
1444:,
1438:,
1420:.
1409:^
1303:.
1293:.
1283:.
1273:97
1271:.
1267:.
1240:.
1230:28
1228:.
1224:.
1193:.
1122:.
1078:.
1053:.
1030:}}
1026:{{
1018:.
1010:;
969:.
903:^
811:,
726:.
577:.
540:.
499:.
429:,
425:,
263:A
217:A
1866:e
1859:t
1852:v
1593:.
1557:.
1530:.
1503:.
1477:.
1424:.
1403:.
1358:.
1336:.
1311:.
1287::
1279::
1248:.
1236::
1209:.
1179:.
1146:,
1133:.
1090:.
1064:.
1036:)
980:.
955:.
929:.
464:.
418:2
414:1
351:.
315:(
210:.
144:/
85:)
79:(
74:)
70:(
52:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
