154:, all roads of higher categories are public by law. Just the lowest category can be private. This category is called "účelová komunikace" ("účelová komunikácia" in Slovak), the adjective "účelový" can be translated as "purpose-built", special-purpose" or "utilitarian". The road law distinguish "publicly accessible" and "closed" (in a closed area) special-purpose roads. This category includes roads that are used exclusively to connect a private structure or plots to the road network, but also field and forest roads, areas such as car parks, public transport terminals, roads within industrial, military, hospital or school premises and areas etc. Private roads outside closed areas are largely subject to public law and public traffic on them can be restricted only with the consent of state authorities (public accessibility of the landscape is also protected by law). In most cases, they are not distinguished from municipal or regional roads by any signs.
127:
with the bulk not receiving subsidies being built and maintained by the forestry industry as needed and most often closed to the public. New private roads that receive government support are often built by the government and transferred to the roads principal stakeholders, those living along it. These form a private road association to maintain it and get subsidies from the government to keep it open to the rest of the public. Even after factoring in the unpaid work of the members of the association, the cost of operation and maintenance is often considerably less than a comparable public road. Finland is similar, with 280,000 km of private roads and only 78,000 km of public roads.
107:
29:
55:. In some cases, the owner of a private road may permit the general public to use the road. Road regulations that apply to a public road may not apply to private roads. Common types of private roads include roads retained in subdivisions of land but not dedicated to the public, residential roads maintained by a
134:
private roads are main access routes or private driveways onto private property. These roads are typically maintained by private owners of the land they occupy. Some private roads are maintained by a municipality and are open to the public. Many private roads do not have any name signage other than a
143:, is 80 kilometres long and forms part of the only existing route between two major provincial highways; it is thus under a public access agreement permitting its use by the public, and nearly half of all traffic on the road in a 2016 study consisted of passenger vehicles rather than company trucks.
126:
manage two thirds of the total road network. However, only four per cent of the total road transportation work is carried on them, mostly rural roads. In fact, only one per cent of the road transports are made on the half of the roads that do not receive government subsidies for their maintenance,
47:
owned or controlled by a private person, persons or corporation rather than a road open to the public and owned by a government. Private roads can be on private land or can be constructed on government land for use by government agencies or by agreements for access to private facilities.
98:
because they have not gone through the statutory process of adoption, for example under
Highways Act 1980 s37 or s38. Even if not expressly or implicitly dedicated for public use, public use over time may nonetheless have created public rights of way; though by Part 6 of the
93:
are thought to have about 40,000 private roads. They are not normally the responsibility of the local authority, but the authority may provide services such as street lighting. They normally have to be maintained by residents. They are referred to as
265:"A local municipality may maintain a private road open to the public by permission of the owner or occupant, on a request by a majority of the owners or occupants of the abutting property".
135:
sign indicating the ownership status; however, in some cities private roads are given conventional street names through the municipal addressing system. One notable private road, the
100:
223:
in Jerry
Jenkins and David Sisk, eds., Development by Consent: The Voluntary Supply of Public Goods and Services, San Francisco: ICS Press, 1993, 23–48; and
186:
216:
247:
63:
or other group of homeowners and roads for access to industrial facilities such as forests, mines, power stations and telecommunications.
280:
225:
The
Formation of Urban Infrastructure through Non-Governmental Planning: The Private Places of St. Louis, 1869–1920,
103:, in force from 2 May 2006, many public rights of way for motor vehicles in private roads have now been extinguished.
51:
Private roads are private property and are not usually open to the public. Unauthorized use of a private road may be
213:
From
Privies to Boulevards: The Private Supply of Infrastructure in the United States during the Nineteenth Century
123:
317:
312:
322:
136:
56:
60:
211:
171:
19:
This article is about roads that are not owned by a government. For the 1971 British film, see
167:
90:
281:"The public-private road: logging trucks and road trippers share the Sultan Industrial Road"
163:
140:
106:
220:
181:
84:
72:
147:
306:
268:
20:
52:
296:
Zákon č. 13/1997 Sb., o pozemních komunikacích (Road Act of the Czech
Republic)
175:
28:
191:
80:
110:
A Swedish yellow-red direction sign which points out that the destination,
151:
284:
131:
119:
33:
105:
76:
248:"Why the U.S. Should Adopt the Nordic Approach to Private Roads"
44:
83:
whose upkeep is paid for with user fees, for example, the
227:
Journal of Urban
History 16 (May 1990), 263–301.
101:Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006
79:and other nations. Such highways typically are
8:
246:Da Silva, Giovanna (February 28, 2018).
27:
203:
187:Private highways in the United States
7:
16:Non-government owned road or street
14:
114:, is reached via a private road.
1:
87:in Virginia, United States.
71:There are also networks of
339:
18:
170:philosophies, especially
124:private road associations
137:Sultan Industrial Road
115:
57:homeowners association
36:
109:
31:
269:Municipal Powers Act
61:housing co-operative
219:2011-07-20 at the
172:anarcho-capitalism
116:
37:
32:A private road in
168:right-libertarian
91:England and Wales
330:
297:
294:
288:
278:
272:
262:
256:
255:
243:
237:
236:SOU:2001:67 2001
234:
228:
210:David T. Beito,
208:
164:Free-market road
141:Northern Ontario
73:private highways
338:
337:
333:
332:
331:
329:
328:
327:
303:
302:
301:
300:
295:
291:
287:, July 9, 2017.
279:
275:
263:
259:
245:
244:
240:
235:
231:
221:Wayback Machine
209:
205:
200:
182:Private highway
160:
96:unadopted roads
85:Dulles Greenway
69:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
336:
334:
326:
325:
320:
318:Types of roads
315:
313:Road transport
305:
304:
299:
298:
289:
273:
257:
238:
229:
202:
201:
199:
196:
195:
194:
189:
184:
179:
159:
156:
148:Czech Republic
68:
65:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
335:
324:
323:Privatization
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
310:
308:
293:
290:
286:
282:
277:
274:
271:. Section 70.
270:
266:
261:
258:
253:
252:Devoe L Moore
249:
242:
239:
233:
230:
226:
222:
218:
215:
214:
207:
204:
197:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
177:
173:
169:
165:
162:
161:
157:
155:
153:
149:
144:
142:
138:
133:
128:
125:
121:
113:
108:
104:
102:
97:
92:
88:
86:
82:
78:
74:
66:
64:
62:
58:
54:
49:
46:
42:
35:
30:
26:
22:
292:
276:
264:
260:
251:
241:
232:
224:
212:
206:
166:(concept of
145:
129:
117:
111:
95:
89:
70:
50:
41:private road
40:
38:
25:
21:Private Road
285:CBC Sudbury
53:trespassing
307:Categories
198:References
176:minarchism
112:Loftbacken
81:toll roads
67:By country
192:Dirt road
267:Quebec.
217:Archived
158:See also
152:Slovakia
146:In the
132:Canada
120:Sweden
34:Canada
77:Italy
43:is a
174:and
150:and
45:road
139:in
130:In
118:In
75:in
309::
283:.
250:.
122:,
59:,
39:A
254:.
178:)
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
