2958:"SPR investigators quickly found that many mediums were indeed, as skeptics had alleged, operating under cover of darkness in order to perpetrate scams. They used a number of tricks facilitated by darkness: sleight of hand was used to manipulate objects and touch people eager to make contact with deceased loved ones; flour or white lines would give the illusion of spectral white hands or faces; accomplices were even stashed under tables or in secret rooms to lent support in the plot... As the investigations of the SPR, and other skeptics, were made public, many fraudulent mediums saw their careers ruined and many unsuspecting clients were enraged at the deception perpetrated."
167:
995:. Though according to Ronald W. Clark (1980) "Freud surmised, no doubt correctly, that the existence of any link between the founding fathers of psychoanalysis and investigation of the paranormal would hamper acceptance of psychoanalysis" as would any perceived involvement with the occult. Nonetheless, Freud did respond, contributing an essay titled "A Note on the Unconscious in Psycho-Analysis" to the Medical Supplement to the Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research.
4691:
1129:
4703:
4120:
1045:. Hodgson with his friend, S. J. Davey, had staged fake séances for educating the public (including SPR members). Davey gave sittings under an assumed name, duplicating the phenomena produced by Eglinton, and then proceeded to point out to the sitters the manner in which they had been deceived. Because of this, some spiritualist members such as
761:
752:. It describes itself as the "first society to conduct organised scholarly research into human experiences that challenge contemporary scientific models." It does not, however, since its inception in 1882, hold any corporate opinions: SPR members assert a variety of beliefs with regard to the nature of the phenomena studied.
1175:
The SPR ... on occasion exposed blatant cases of fraud even their own credulous memberships could not swallow. But their journals have never succeeded in achieving a high level of credibility in the eyes of the rest of the scientific community. ... most articles usually begin with the assumption that
810:
The SPR was the first organisation of its kind in the world, its stated purpose being "to approach these varied problems without prejudice or prepossession of any kind, and in the same spirit of exact and unimpassioned enquiry which has enabled science to solve so many problems, once not less obscure
1183:
an author of an early skeptical work on psychical research wrote that although the SPR have collected some valuable work, most of its active members have "no training in psychology fitting them for their task, and have been the victims of pronounced bias, as sometimes they themselves have admitted."
1159:
hoped to cling to something spiritual through psychical research. Myers stated that “he
Society for Psychical Research was founded, with the establishment of thought-transference—already rising within measurable distance of proof—as its primary aim.” Defenders of the SPR have stated in reply that “a
1230:
resigned and wrote "After sixty years' experience and personal acquaintance with most of the leading parapsychologists of that period I do not think I could name half a dozen whom I could call objective students who honestly wished to discover the truth. The great majority wanted to prove something
40:
3145:
Author John Grant stated that prominent member F. W. H. Myers held that telepathy, according to some speculative explanations, might, in demonstrating that mind could communicate with mind apart from recognised channels, provide evidence supporting the proposition that human personality could
946:
The SPR "devised methodological innovations such as randomized study designs" and conducted "the first experiments investigating the psychology of eyewitness testimony (Hodgson and Davey, 1887), empirical and conceptual studies illuminating mechanisms of dissociation and hypnotism"
954:
was published which sampled 17,000 people. Out of these, 1,684 persons reported having experienced a hallucination of an apparition. Such efforts were claimed to have undermined "the notion of dissociation and hallucinations as intrinsically pathological phenomena".
3054:"The early history of spirit photography was reviewed by Mrs Henry Sidgwick in the Proceedings of the SPR in 1891. She showed clearly not only that Mumler, Hudson, Buguet and their ilk were fraudulent, but the way in which those who believed in them were deceived."
887:
The
Society is run by a President and a Council of twenty members, and is open to interested members of the public to join. The organisation is based at 1 Vernon Mews, London, with a library and office open to members, and with large book and archival holdings in
1207:
and primitive superstition. Clodd described the SPR as offering "barbaric spiritual philosophy", and characterised the language of SPR members as using such terms as "subliminal consciousness" and "telepathic energy," as a disguise for "bastard supernaturalism."
1111:
Prominent spiritualists at first welcomed the SPR and cooperated fully, but relations soured when spiritualists discovered that the SPR would not accept outside testimony as proof, and the society accused some prominent mediums of fraud. Spiritualist
1026:, president of the Royal Photographic Society and an expert at detecting forgery. Harrison determined that "As an investigator, Hodgson is weighed in the balances and found wanting. His case against Madame H. P. Blavatsky is not proven."
2003:. It now focuses on current laboratory and field research, but also includes theoretical, methodological and historical papers on parapsychology. It also publishes book reviews and correspondence. The current editor is Dr David Vernon.
943:. This text, and subsequent research in this area, was received negatively by the scientific mainstream, though Gurney and Podmore provided a defense of the society's early work in this area in mainstream publications.
1003:
Much of the early work involved investigating, exposing and in some cases duplicating fake phenomena. In the late 19th century, SPR investigations into séance phenomena led to the exposure of many fraudulent mediums.
1188:, an ex-member of the Society for Psychical Research, criticised SPR members for their "credulous and obsessive wish... to believe." Hall also claimed SPR members "lack knowledge of deceptive methods."
4766:
4435:
448:
3146:
continue after the death of the body. "Thus the supernatural might be proved by science, and psychical research might become, in the words of Sir
William Barrett, a handmaid to religion."
1160:‘will to believe’ in post-mortem survival, telepathy and other scientifically unpopular notions, does not necessarily exclude a ‘will to know’ and thus the capacity for thorough
4781:
443:
818:
became the first female member of the SPR. However, being the only female member at the time, she resigned after six months. Some other early members included the author
2930:
Keeley, James P. "Subliminal
Promptings: Psychoanalytic Theory and the Society for Psychical Research." American Imago, vol. 58 no. 4, 2001, pp. 767–791. Project MUSE,
4455:
2650:
Membership does not imply acceptance of any particular opinion concerning the nature or reality of the phenomena examined, and the
Society holds no corporate views.
4516:
1116:
resigned from the SPR in 1930, to protest what he regarded as the SPR's overly restrictive standards of proof. Psychic investigator and believer in spiritualism
1087:
led a mass resignation of eighty-four members of the
Society for Psychical Research, as they believed the Society was opposed to spiritualism. Science historian
4546:
780:
503:
438:
4654:
4541:
4067:. The Living Age. 12 June. pp. 652–657. A sceptical look at SPR members who had supported Spiritualism, concludes they were duped by fraudulent mediums.
4776:
1985:
are now reserved for longer pieces of work, such as
Presidential Addresses, and are only occasionally published. The current editor is Dr David Vernon.
4531:
2454:
2213:
4668:
4162:
3350:
3194:"HamiltonTrevor, Immortal Longings: F.W.H. Myers and the Victorian Search for Life after Death (Exeter: Imprint Academic, 2009), pp. 359, hardback"
4430:
2192:
1464:
1231:
or other: They wanted the phenomena into which they were inquiring to serve some purpose in supporting preconceived theories of their own."(1985)
1064:
responded with a critical paper in the SPR which cast doubt on the subject and discussed the fraudulent methods that spirit photographers such as
4445:
4124:
3659:
2140:(Icelandic Society for Psychical Research) was formed in 1918. It has a predecessor called the Experimental Society, which was founded in 1905.
1223:
than skeptical individuals". The study also claims that reasoning abnormalities may have a causal role in the formation of paranormal belief.
1080:
3814:
3246:
3167:
2955:
2611:
2410:
719:
453:
2047:, involving the scientific investigation of psychic phenomena. A bequest of Nigel Buckmaster enabled the foundation of the encyclopedia.
3219:
1368:
2343:
Psychical
Research: A Guide to Its History, Principles and Practices: In Celebration of 100 Years of the Society for Psychical Research
4722:
4506:
4107:
4086:
4048:
4027:
4006:
3988:
3967:
3939:
3922:
3325:
3284:
3095:
3072:
3051:
3019:
2979:
2910:
2890:
2750:
2311:
2291:
2271:
2248:
1219:
task. The study found that "individuals who reported a strong belief in the paranormal made more errors and displayed more delusional
1030:
1007:
493:
4761:
4675:
4619:
3689:
3481:
3142:
2870:
2591:
2463:
2350:
1587:
1504:(1842–1925), founder and first president of the Société Astronomique de France, author of popular science and science fiction works
3383:
3413:
1475:
1139:
Skeptics have criticised members of the SPR for having motives liable to impair scientific objectivity. According to SPR critics
1069:
478:
3880:
Berger, Arthur S., and Joyce Berger. The
Encyclopedia of Parapsychology and Psychical Research. New York: Paragon House, 1991.
1022:
power were fraudulent. However, in 1985 the original finding of fraud was questioned and reinvestigated by the SPR researcher
4591:
4536:
4526:
4304:
2687:
1523:(1867–1941), Professor, Universitaet Leipzig; German Biologist and Natural Philosopher, performed first animal cloning 1885
4605:
4465:
4314:
3579:"The power within: Mass media, scientific entertainment, and the introduction of psychical research into China, 1900–1920"
2218:
4626:
4501:
4460:
4450:
4269:
4155:
3485:
1092:
889:
4239:
1620:
1215:
study involving 174 members of the
Society for Psychical Research completed a delusional ideation questionnaire and a
391:
271:
2785:
4567:
4521:
4440:
4019:
3998:
2147:(Dutch for Society for Psychical Research) was founded in 1917 of which the professor in philosophy and psychology
1999:
has been published quarterly since 1884. It was introduced as a private, members-only periodical to supplement the
1220:
1203:
had insufficient competence for the detection of fraud and suggested that their spiritualist beliefs were based on
2484:"Psychical research and the origins of American psychology: Hugo Münsterberg, William James and Eusapia Palladino"
845:
Members of the SPR initiated and organised the International Congresses of Physiological/Experimental psychology.
4706:
4612:
4562:
4470:
4180:
1065:
853:
17:
2055:
A number of other psychical research organisations use the term 'Society for Psychical Research' in their name.
4661:
4349:
4224:
1550:
1379:
1360:(1850–1935), Professor, Collège de France, Paris; French Physiologist, Nobel Prize in Medicine/Physiology 1913
1061:
1034:
869:
712:
361:
2130:
1390:
Henry Arthur Smith (1848–1922), Barrister-at-Law, Middle Temple, London; Lawyer and author of legal treatises
991:
In 1912 the Society extended a request for a contribution to a special medical edition of its Proceedings to
4771:
4695:
4584:
4511:
4264:
4244:
4194:
4148:
4040:
3980:
2025:, has been published since 1996. Previous editors have included Dr Nicola J. Holt. The current editor is Dr
936:
931:
601:
543:
281:
76:
1467:
OM, PRS (1842–1919), Cavendish Professor, Trinity College, Cambridge; Physicist, Nobel Prize, Physics 1904
4289:
4234:
3299:
1539:
1486:
1423:(1859–1941) Professor, Collège de France, Paris; Chair of Modern Philosophy; Nobel Prize, Literature 1927
1409:
741:
626:
568:
396:
266:
236:
4475:
4279:
3830:
3473:
3358:
3261:
2366:
2338:
1609:
1401:(1844–1912), Fellow, Merton College, Oxford; Classicist and writer on folklore, mythology, and religion
1053:
974:
606:
538:
518:
336:
39:
2114:
as a first chairman, and the society existed until 2002. A splinter group for Finnish speaking people,
1091:
has noted that "By the 1900s most avowed spiritualists had left the SPR and gone back to the BNAS (the
3727:
3663:
744:
in the United Kingdom. Its stated purpose is to understand events and abilities commonly described as
4309:
3532:
3083:
1631:
1323:
1152:
1088:
835:
800:
621:
616:
563:
301:
4259:
4249:
3155:
1686:
1554:
1338:(1851–1940), Professor, University College, Liverpool; Physicist; developer of wireless telegraphy
1216:
1140:
985:
705:
671:
513:
179:
4037:
Angels in the Trenches: Spiritualism, Superstition and the Supernatural During the First World War
3927:
2662:
2396:
4219:
3257:
2088:(中國心靈研究會) was established in 1910 or 1912, and remained active in Shanghai until the early 1940s.
1794:
1501:
1346:
1196:
1180:
1156:
1113:
1084:
1057:
815:
796:
776:
381:
331:
2044:
1478:
FRS (1871–1938), Professor, Duke University; Psychologist, founder J B Rhine Parapsychology Lab
1289:
KG, OM, PC, DL (1848–1930), Politician, later Prime Minister; known for the Balfour Declaration
2991:
912:. It holds an annual conference, regular lectures and two study days per year and supports the
783:, at which the foundation of the Society was proposed. The committee included Barrett, Rogers,
4334:
4294:
4204:
4199:
4103:
4082:
4044:
4023:
4002:
3984:
3963:
3935:
3918:
3810:
3685:
3616:
3598:
3321:
3280:
3242:
3234:
3215:
3163:
3138:
3091:
3068:
3047:
3030:
3015:
2975:
2951:
2906:
2886:
2866:
2825:
2805:
2746:
2607:
2587:
2565:
2513:
2459:
2406:
2346:
2307:
2287:
2267:
2244:
1805:
1675:
1431:
1168:
1073:
970:
963:
676:
386:
256:
211:
201:
1095:
since 1884), having become upset by the sceptical tone of most of the SPR's investigations."
4647:
4633:
4598:
4284:
4099:
3606:
3590:
3205:
2931:
2555:
2547:
2536:"Professional Heresy: Edmund Gurney (1847–88) and the Study of Hallucinations and Hypnotism"
2503:
2495:
1753:
1204:
1042:
1015:
877:
779:
in autumn 1881. This led to a conference on 5 and 6 January 1882 at the headquarters of the
611:
508:
498:
3448:
2765:
4379:
4344:
4339:
4229:
4078:
4011:
3972:
3536:
3313:
3007:
2967:
2738:
2449:
2259:
2236:
2111:
1909:
1565:
1309:
1264:
1120:
criticised the SPR for its "strong bias" against physical manifestations of spiritualism.
1038:
1023:
823:
553:
356:
291:
231:
100:
1371:(1853–1945), Politician, brother of Arthur Balfour; Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge
959:
771:
The Society for Psychical Research (SPR) originated from a discussion between journalist
2133:
and Léon Marillier. It existed until 1890 when it was abandoned due to lack of interest.
166:
4485:
4404:
4389:
4369:
4364:
4171:
4075:
The Spiritualists: The Passion for the Occult in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
3611:
3578:
3391:
2560:
2535:
2508:
2483:
2148:
2126:
1879:
1824:
1764:
1730:
1664:
1642:
1531:
Sir Lawrence Evelyn Jones (1885–1955) Honorary Fellow, Balliol College, Oxford; Author
1442:
1357:
1286:
1275:
1253:
1185:
1161:
1148:
1132:
1046:
981:
893:
831:
804:
788:
784:
764:
641:
636:
573:
531:
376:
371:
241:
86:
3900:
The Society for Psychical Research: Its Rise & Progress & A Sketch of its Work
3449:"Journal and Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research [SPR] (IAPSOP)"
3423:
1645:(1895–1979), Director of Research, Menninger Foundation, Topeka, Kansas; Psychologist
4755:
4384:
4359:
4060:
3898:
3122:
2841:
2821:
2801:
2781:
2761:
2623:
1920:
Richard S. Broughton, senior lecturer in psychology at The University of Northampton
1868:
1835:
1742:
1512:
John George Piddington (1869–1952), Businessman, John George Smith & Co., London
1420:
1349:
FRS (1845–1926), Professor, Royal College of Science, Dublin; Experimental Physicist
1297:
1227:
1144:
992:
940:
839:
792:
772:
666:
578:
421:
366:
346:
296:
251:
3684:
Richet, Charles. Traité de Métapsychique. Bruxelles: Artha Production, 1994, p. 63.
4640:
4374:
4324:
4214:
4070:
4032:
3295:
3179:
3127:
The Need for Responsibility in Parapsychology: My Sixty Years in Psychical Research
2883:
Psychics, Sensitives and Somnambules: A Biographical Dictionary with Bibliographies
2026:
1890:
1520:
1335:
1313:
1200:
1192:
1117:
827:
691:
681:
661:
656:
596:
473:
406:
341:
321:
226:
3995:
Spectres of the Self: Thinking about Ghosts and Ghost-Seeing in England, 1750-1920
2695:
2604:
Spectres of the Self: Thinking about Ghosts and Ghost-Seeing in England, 1750-1920
2304:
Spectres of the Self: Thinking about Ghosts and Ghost-Seeing in England, 1750–1920
2400:
1860:(1924–2012), Professor of Astronomy in Glasgow, founded the Scottish SPR in 1987
1300:(1842–1910) Professor, Harvard University; American Psychologist and Philosopher
4414:
4394:
4354:
4319:
1775:
1719:
1708:
1697:
1653:
1598:
1576:
1453:
1398:
819:
686:
411:
1456:(1860–1955), Professor, Manchester College, Oxford; Philosopher and Theologian
4409:
4299:
4274:
4209:
3906:
3263:
The Evidence for the Supernatural: A Critical Study Made with "Uncommon Sense"
3210:
3193:
3130:
2921:
1912 Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research, 26 (Part 66), 312–318.
2645:
2551:
2322:
1857:
1846:
1326:(1843–1901), Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge; Classicist and Philosopher
1256:(1838–1900), Professor, Trinity College, Cambridge; Philosopher and Economist
1212:
865:
861:
749:
646:
466:
401:
306:
261:
216:
187:
4737:
4724:
3602:
2717:
2499:
1981:
First published in 1882 as a public record of the activities of the SPR, the
1312:(1832–1919), Physical Chemist; discovered the element Thallium, invented the
4399:
4091:
3914:
3549:
1128:
1010:
distinguished himself in that area. In 1884, Hodgson was sent by the SPR to
881:
857:
849:
760:
416:
246:
206:
3620:
2569:
2517:
1278:(→ 1882), Professor, Trinity College, Cambridge; Philosopher and Economist
873:
4119:
4016:
The Other World: Spiritualism and Psychical Research in England, 1850-1914
3012:
The Other World: Spiritualism and Psychical Research in England, 1850–1914
2972:
The Other World: Spiritualism and Psychical Research in England, 1850–1914
2948:
Beyond the Threshold: Afterlife Beliefs and Experiences in World Religions
2935:
2743:
The Other World: Spiritualism and Psychical Research in England, 1850–1914
2241:
The Other World: Spiritualism and Psychical Research in England, 1850–1914
1944:
Adrian Parker, Professor Emeritus of Psychology, University of Gothenburg
1412:
KCVO (1841–1918), Pastoral Lecturer, Theology, Cambridge; Bishop of Ripon
876:. The SPR were to introduce a number of neologisms which have entered the
1445:(1866–1957), Regius Professor of Greek, University of Oxford; Classicist
651:
558:
483:
286:
276:
2845:
2196:(ASPR) in 1885, which became independent in 1906. A splinter group, the
929:
Among the first important works was the two-volume publication in 1886,
803:. The SPR was formally constituted on 20 February 1882 with philosopher
4329:
3594:
2078:
1019:
745:
631:
426:
351:
311:
3507:
973:
and trance utterances from a group of automatic writers, known as the
2203:
Spain – S.E.I.P Sociedad Española de Investigaciones Parapsicologicas
548:
316:
221:
3301:
The Question: A Brief History and Examination of Modern Spiritualism
2863:
Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience: From Alien Abductions to Zone Therapy
2118:(Parapsychological research society of Finland), still exists today.
1103:
The Society has been criticized by both spiritualists and skeptics.
3834:
3003:
3001:
4254:
1127:
1011:
759:
326:
4140:
1901:
John Poynton, Professor Emeritus of Biology, University of Natal
1434:(1864–1937), Fellow, Corpus Christi College, Oxford; Philosopher
4096:
The Elusive Quarry: A Scientific Appraisal of Psychical Research
3960:
Secularization of the Soul: Psychical Research in Modern Britain
3088:
William Crookes (1832–1919) and the Commercialization of Science
969:
During the early twentieth century, the SPR studied a series of
488:
4144:
3634:
1678:(1881–1960), Astrophysicist, Professor in Cambridge University
3239:
Physics and Psychics: The Search for a World Beyond the Senses
2284:
Henry Sidgwick: Eye of the Universe: An Intellectual Biography
1936:
Chris Roe, Professor of Psychology, University of Northampton
1382:(1845–1936), Principal, Newnham College, Cambridge; Physicist
3946:
The Society for Psychical Research: An Outline of its History
2374:
1267:(1827–1887), Professor, Owens College, Manchester; Physicist
1164:, methodological rigour and relentless suspicion of errors.”
3160:
Spooky Science: Debunking the Pseudoscience of the Afterlife
4436:
Association for the Scientific Study of Anomalous Phenomena
1722:(1893–1979), Hellenist, Professor in Birmingham and Oxford
3529:
1489:(1869–1944), Physician and Psychologist, Publisher of the
1029:
In 1886 and 1887 a series of publications by S. J. Davey,
3962:. Philadelphia: Institute for the Study of Human Issues.
2190:
US – An American branch of the Society was formed as the
1778:(1920–2006), Psychologist at the University of Edinburgh
3780:
3340:. Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 192, 727–733.
2992:"Part 1, J'Accuse: An Examination of the Hodgson Report"
2402:
The Society for Psychical Research, 1882-1982: A History
155:
4133:
3932:
The Society for Psychical Research 1882–1982: A History
3856:
3752:
3180:"Review of Consciousness Beyond Life by Pim van Lommel"
2183:
Sweden – Sällskapet för Parapsykologisk Forskning (the
958:
The SPR investigated many spiritualist mediums such as
3701:
2584:
Literature, Technology and Magical Thinking, 1880–1920
4065:
Scientific Men and Spiritualism: A Skeptic's Analysis
3577:
Junqueira, Luis Fernando Bernardi (8 December 2022).
2125:(Society for Physiological Psychology) was formed by
4767:
Non-profit organisations based in the United Kingdom
2950:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. p. 163.
2170:
Sociedad de Investigaciones Psíquicas Iberoamericana
1808:(1891–1983), Parapsychologist, wife of Joseph Rhine
896:, England. It publishes the peer-reviewed quarterly
4576:
4555:
4542:
Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research Laboratory
4494:
4423:
4187:
3528:Australian Institute of Parapsychological Research
2329:(London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1968), p. 138.
1893:, Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy in London
1226:Some skeptical members have resigned from the SPR.
150:
140:
130:
120:
110:
92:
82:
72:
54:
46:
3831:"Svenska Sällskapet för Parapsykologisk Forskning"
2663:"Rare Books - Collections directory - name access"
2061:Australian Institute of Parapsychological Research
1756:(1901–1980), Physiologist, Professor in Cambridge
1056:requested for the Society to properly investigate
4648:Old Souls: The Scientific Evidence for Past Lives
3726:Gissurarson, Loftur Reimar; Haralsson, Erlendur.
3583:Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences
1976:Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research
1957:Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research
1147:(a member of the SPR), early SPR members such as
980:Famous cases investigated by the Society include
18:Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research
4456:International Association for Near-Death Studies
3390:. Society for Psychical Research. Archived from
3357:. Society for Psychical Research. Archived from
2070:, today the Austrian Society for Parapsychology.
1871:(1934–2010), Professor of Psychology in Cardiff
1173:
4517:International Institute for Psychical Research
3753:"Parapsychologie in Nederland (Dutch website)"
2185:Swedish Society for Parapsychological Research
2015:Magazine of the Society for Psychical Research
2008:Magazine of the Society for Psychical Research
1733:(1924 - 2020), Psychiatrist and criminologist
4547:Society for the Study of Supernormal Pictures
4156:
3443:
3441:
2428:Journal of the Society for Psychical Research
2361:
2359:
1997:Journal of the Society for Psychical Research
1990:Journal of the Society for Psychical Research
1961:Journal of the Society for Psychical Research
1176:psychic phenomena are demonstrated realities.
898:Journal of the Society for Psychical Research
781:British National Association of Spiritualists
713:
8:
4655:Parapsychology: Frontier Science of the Mind
3378:
3376:
2158:was very active before the second world war.
2045:articles and case studies about psi research
1797:(1895–1980), Biologist and Parapsychologist
32:
3014:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 139–140.
2178:Sociedad Española de Estudios Metapsíquicos
1568:(born as Edith Balfour; 1865–1948), Writer
872:and the physical phenomena associated with
4163:
4149:
4141:
3807:Ciencia y espiritismo en España, 1880–1930
2846:"What Psychical Research Has Accomplished"
2529:
2527:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2471:
720:
706:
174:
165:
38:
31:
4782:1882 establishments in the United Kingdom
4532:National Laboratory of Psychical Research
3857:"American Society for Psychical Research"
3610:
3209:
2718:"LEXSCIEN Library of Exploratory Science"
2559:
2507:
2455:The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience
4669:Twenty Cases Suggestive of Reincarnation
3706:Icelandic Society for Psychical Research
3338:Reasoning in believers in the paranormal
2145:Studievereniging voor Psychical Research
1786:Arthur J. Ellison (1920–2000), Engineer
1241:
4431:American Society for Psychical Research
3735:International Journal of Parapsychology
3660:"La lumière sur " L'ombre des autres ""
3275:Spangenburg, Ray; Moser, Diane (2004).
3118:
3116:
2885:. McFarland & Company. pp. 14–132.
2806:Hallucination of memory and ‘telepathy’
2229:
2193:American Society for Psychical Research
2163:Scottish Society for Psychical Research
2121:France – In 1885, a society called the
2075:Canadian Society for Psychical Research
2068:Austrian Society for Psychical Research
1465:John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh
1239:The following is a list of presidents:
884:', which was coined by Frederic Myers.
186:
3728:"History of Parapsychology in Iceland"
3336:Lawrence, E. & Peters, E. (2004).
3135:A Skeptic's Handbook of Parapsychology
3110:(Secaucus, NJ: Citadel, 1966) 350–352.
2606:. Cambridge University Press. p. 114.
2306:. Cambridge University Press. p. 110.
2286:. Cambridge University Press. p. 276.
2214:Institut suisse des sciences noétiques
2108:Finnish Society for Psychical Research
3977:The Invention of Telepathy, 1870-1901
3550:"Austrian Society for Parapsychology"
3318:The Invention of Telepathy: 1870–1901
3304:. Grant Richards, London. pp. 265–301
2586:. Cambridge University Press. p. 16.
2264:The Invention of Telepathy, 1870–1901
2198:Boston Society for Psychical Research
2156:Polish Society for Psychical Research
2116:Suomen parapsykologinen tutkimusseura
2097:Danish Society for Psychical Research
1491:British Journal of Medical Psychology
504:Prizes for evidence of the paranormal
7:
4702:
4446:Institut Métapsychique International
2123:Société de Psychologie Physiologique
3662:. Metapsychique.org. Archived from
3320:. Oxford University Press. p. 163.
3266:. K. Paul, Trench, Trübner. pp. 8–9
939:, co-authored by Gurney, Myers and
4507:British College of Psychic Science
3911:The Founders of Psychical Research
3162:. Sterling Publishing. pp. 23–24.
3108:An Encyclopedia of Psychic Science
3031:"The Belief in Spirit Photography"
2648:. Society for Psychical Research.
2327:The Founders of Psychical Research
2266:. Oxford University Press. p. 51.
494:James Randi Educational Foundation
25:
4777:Organizations established in 1882
4676:Varieties of Anomalous Experience
4620:Journal of Scientific Exploration
3948:. Society for Psychical Research.
3635:"Selskabet for Psykisk Forskning"
3482:University of the West of England
3241:. Prometheus Books. pp. 161–162.
3137:. Prometheus Books. pp. 161–174.
2066:Austria – Founded in 1927 as the
1588:Robert Strutt, 4th Baron Rayleigh
1018:and concluded that her claims of
4701:
4690:
4689:
4118:
3510:. Society for Psychical Research
3488:from the original on 13 May 2021
2946:Moreman, Christopher M. (2010).
2852:. Vol. 160, No. 460. pp. 331–344
2446:Societies for Psychical Research
2104:Sällskapet för Psykisk Forskning
3944:Salter, William Henry. (1948).
3277:The Age of Synthesis: 1800–1895
3044:Spiritualism: A Critical Survey
2905:. Aquarian Press. pp. 178–180.
2903:Spiritualism: A Critical Survey
2832:. Vol. 19, No. 110. pp. 234–251
2093:Selskabet for Psykisk Forskning
2073:Canada – From 1908 to 1916 the
1245:Society for Psychical Research
1037:in the SPR journal exposed the
479:Committee for Skeptical Inquiry
4537:Oxford Phasmatological Society
4527:Metropolitan Psychical Society
4481:Society for Psychical Research
4305:Parapsychology research at SRI
4125:Society for Psychical Research
3934:. London: MacDonald & Co.
3702:"Sálarrannsóknarfélag Íslands"
3419:Society for Psychical Research
3090:. Ashgate Publishing. p. 206.
2688:"Edinburgh University Website"
2200:existed from May 1925 to 1941.
2176:(Barcelona, founded in 1923),
2086:Chinese Institute of Mentalism
1195:asserted that the SPR members
1083:and other fraudulent mediums,
870:apparitions and haunted houses
734:Society for Psychical Research
33:Society for Psychical Research
1:
4606:Journal of Near-Death Studies
4466:Parapsychological Association
4315:Plant perception (paranormal)
3993:McCorristine, Shane. (2010).
3903:. London: R. Brimley Johnson.
2861:Williams, William F. (2000).
2624:"Online Etymology Dictionary"
2602:McCorristine, Shane. (2010).
2582:Thurschwell, Pamela. (2004).
2488:History of the Human Sciences
2302:McCorristine, Shane. (2010).
2219:List of parapsychology topics
2172:(founded in Madrid in 1895),
433:Reportedly haunted locations:
4502:American Psychical Institute
4461:Koestler Parapsychology Unit
4451:Institute of Noetic Sciences
2138:Sálarrannsóknarfélag Íslands
1107:Criticism from spiritualists
1093:London Spiritualist Alliance
890:Cambridge University Library
767:, first president of the SPR
60:; 142 years ago
4240:Electronic voice phenomenon
3897:Bennett, Edward T. (1903).
2426:"Meetings of the Council".
1816:Arthur J. Ellison (→ 1976)
1656:(1889–1975), Mathematician
1623:(1879–1952), Mathematician
1621:George Nugent Merle Tyrrell
935:, concerning telepathy and
822:, the renowned chemist Sir
272:Electronic voice phenomenon
4798:
4568:Skeptics of parapsychology
4522:London Dialectical Society
4441:College of Psychic Studies
4020:Cambridge University Press
3999:Cambridge University Press
3915:Routledge & Kegan Paul
3046:. Aquarian Press. p. 115.
2881:Anderson, Rodger. (2006).
2174:Instituto de Metapsiquismo
1838:(1918–2007), Psychiatrist
1612:(1894–1984), Psychologist
1167:The skeptic and physicist
4685:
4613:Journal of Parapsychology
4563:List of parapsychologists
4471:Parapsychology Foundation
4178:
3279:. Facts on File. p. 134.
3211:10.1017/S0025727300005597
3042:Edmunds, Simeon. (1966).
2901:Edmunds, Simeon. (1966).
2850:The North American Review
2826:"In Defense of Phantasms"
2552:10.1017/S0025727300005445
2458:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 217–219.
2345:. Aquarian Press. p. 19.
2180:(Madrid, founded in 1924)
2017:, formerly known as the
1767:(1916–1989), Philosopher
1601:(1899–1984), Philosopher
1579:(1887–1971), Philosopher
1244:
916:on-line library project.
811:nor less hotly debated."
37:
27:UK nonprofit organisation
4762:Paranormal organizations
4662:The Roots of Coincidence
4225:Dermo-optical perception
3192:Sommer, Andreas (2011).
3065:Spiritualism and Society
2534:Sommer, Andreas (2011).
2500:10.1177/0952695112439376
2482:Sommer, Andreas (2012).
2405:. Macdonald. p. 5.
2151:was the first president.
2110:) was formed in 1907 by
2059:Australia – In 1977 the
1967:, as well as the online
1849:(b. 1932), Psychologist
1551:Eleanor Mildred Sidgwick
1380:Eleanor Mildred Sidgwick
952:Census of Hallucinations
848:Areas of study included
807:as its first president.
544:Apparitional experiences
4592:Extrasensory Perception
4585:An Experiment with Time
4512:Cambridge Ghost Society
4245:Extrasensory perception
4195:Apparitional experience
3981:Oxford University Press
3958:Cerullo, John. (1982).
3552:. Parapsychologie.ac.at
3530:http://www.aiprinc.org/
3182:. Retrieved 2016-12-19.
3178:Woerlee, G. M. (2011).
2282:Schultz, Bart. (2004).
1745:(1896–1985), Zoologist
1590:(1875–1947), Physicist
1542:(1863–1934), Clergyman
1454:Lawrence Pearsall Jacks
1124:Criticism from skeptics
1079:Due to the exposure of
1049:resigned from the SPR.
932:Phantasms of the Living
602:Argument from ignorance
569:Out-of-body experiences
282:Extrasensory perception
77:Non-profit organisation
4290:Out-of-body experience
3805:Graus, Andrea (2019).
3535:28 August 2011 at the
3508:"The Psi Encyclopedia"
3063:Nelson, G. K. (2013).
2339:Grattan-Guinness, Ivor
2187:) was founded in 1948.
2099:) was founded in 1905.
1955:The Society publishes
1689:(1889–1984), Diplomat
1540:Walter Franklin Prince
1487:Thomas Walker Mitchell
1410:William Boyd Carpenter
1178:
1136:
1066:Édouard Isidore Buguet
768:
742:nonprofit organisation
627:Communal reinforcement
4495:Defunct organizations
4476:Rhine Research Center
4280:Near-death experience
4127:at Wikimedia Commons
3084:Brock, William Hodson
3067:. Routledge. p. 159.
2936:10.1353/aim.2001.0021
2131:Théodule-Armand Ribot
1928:John Poynton (→2004)
1610:Robert Henry Thouless
1135:, a critic of the SPR
1131:
1054:Alfred Russel Wallace
1041:tricks of the medium
975:cross-correspondences
866:Reichenbach phenomena
763:
607:Argumentum ad populum
539:Anomalous experiences
519:Scientific skepticism
337:Paranormal television
4738:51.49414°N 0.21036°W
4424:Active organizations
4310:Past life regression
3809:. Granada: Comares.
3639:www.parapsykologi.dk
3426:on 18 September 2016
3394:on 18 September 2016
3361:on 18 September 2016
2865:. Routledge. p. 49.
2786:Thought-transference
2766:Thought-transference
1634:(1880–1969), Lawyer
1632:William Henry Salter
1324:Frederic W. H. Myers
1153:Frederic W. H. Myers
1099:Criticism of the SPR
1089:William Hodson Brock
858:thought-transference
836:Lewis Charles Powles
801:Frederic W. H. Myers
622:Cognitive dissonance
617:Begging the question
564:Ideomotor phenomenon
4734: /
4260:Kirlian photography
4250:Ganzfeld experiment
3384:"Paranormal Review"
3258:Tuckett, Ivor Lloyd
2830:The National Review
2377:on 17 February 2010
2043:is a collection of
1912:, Parapsychologist
1687:Guy William Lambert
1217:deductive reasoning
986:Enfield Poltergeist
672:Scientific evidence
514:Scientific literacy
34:
4743:51.49414; -0.21036
4220:Deathbed phenomena
3666:on 8 November 2007
3595:10.1002/jhbs.22236
3414:"Psi Encyclopedia"
3235:Stenger, Victor J.
2143:Netherlands – The
1795:Joseph Banks Rhine
1502:Camille Flammarion
1347:William F. Barrett
1197:William F. Barrett
1181:Ivor Lloyd Tuckett
1137:
1114:Arthur Conan Doyle
1085:Arthur Conan Doyle
1058:spirit photography
999:Exposures of fraud
925:Psychical research
816:Mary Everest Boole
797:Hensleigh Wedgwood
777:William F. Barrett
775:and the physicist
769:
382:Spirit photography
332:Paranormal fiction
257:Demonic possession
4717:
4716:
4335:Psychic detective
4295:Pam Reynolds case
4200:Astral projection
4123:Media related to
3953:Scholarly studies
3816:978-84-9045-898-3
3247:978-0-87975-575-1
3168:978-1-4549-1654-3
2956:978-0-7425-6228-8
2667:www.lib.cam.ac.uk
2612:978-0-521-76798-9
2412:978-0-356-07875-5
2023:Paranormal Review
1965:Paranormal Review
1948:
1947:
1882:(→ 1963, → 1984)
1806:Louisa Ella Rhine
1676:F. J. M. Stratton
1476:William McDougall
1432:F. C. S. Schiller
1169:Victor J. Stenger
1074:William H. Mumler
971:automatic scripts
964:Eusapia Palladino
910:Paranormal Review
908:and the magazine
904:), the irregular
838:and psychologist
830:, Nobel laureate
730:
729:
677:Scientific method
387:Spirit possession
202:Astral projection
173:
172:
16:(Redirected from
4789:
4749:
4748:
4746:
4745:
4744:
4739:
4735:
4732:
4731:
4730:
4727:
4705:
4704:
4693:
4692:
4634:Life Before Life
4599:Irreducible Mind
4165:
4158:
4151:
4142:
4137:
4136:
4134:Official website
4122:
4100:Prometheus Books
4012:Oppenheim, Janet
3973:Luckhurst, Roger
3881:
3878:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3867:
3853:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3842:
3833:. Archived from
3827:
3821:
3820:
3802:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3791:
3777:
3771:
3765:
3764:
3762:
3760:
3749:
3743:
3742:
3732:
3723:
3717:
3716:
3714:
3712:
3698:
3692:
3682:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3671:
3656:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3645:
3631:
3625:
3624:
3614:
3574:
3568:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3545:
3539:
3526:
3520:
3519:
3517:
3515:
3504:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3493:
3478:people.uwe.ac.uk
3474:"Dr Nicola Holt"
3470:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3459:
3445:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3431:
3422:. Archived from
3410:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3399:
3380:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3366:
3347:
3341:
3334:
3328:
3314:Luckhurst, Roger
3311:
3305:
3293:
3287:
3273:
3267:
3255:
3249:
3232:
3226:
3225:
3213:
3189:
3183:
3176:
3170:
3153:
3147:
3120:
3111:
3104:
3098:
3081:
3075:
3061:
3055:
3040:
3034:
3028:
3022:
3008:Oppenheim, Janet
3005:
2996:
2995:
2988:
2982:
2968:Oppenheim, Janet
2965:
2959:
2944:
2938:
2928:
2922:
2919:
2913:
2899:
2893:
2879:
2873:
2859:
2853:
2839:
2833:
2819:
2813:
2799:
2793:
2779:
2773:
2759:
2753:
2739:Oppenheim, Janet
2736:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2714:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2694:. Archived from
2684:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2659:
2653:
2652:
2642:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2626:. Etymonline.com
2620:
2614:
2600:
2594:
2580:
2574:
2573:
2563:
2531:
2522:
2521:
2511:
2479:
2466:
2444:Christie, Drew.
2442:
2436:
2435:
2434:(335): 12. 1917.
2423:
2417:
2416:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2373:. Archived from
2363:
2354:
2336:
2330:
2320:
2314:
2300:
2294:
2280:
2274:
2260:Luckhurst, Roger
2257:
2251:
2237:Oppenheim, Janet
2234:
2165:is active today.
2041:Psi Encyclopedia
2034:Psi Encyclopedia
1969:Psi Encyclopedia
1754:W. A. H. Rushton
1242:
1205:magical thinking
1062:Eleanor Sidgwick
1043:William Eglinton
1016:Helena Blavatsky
878:English language
826:, physicist Sir
722:
715:
708:
612:Bandwagon effect
509:Pseudoskepticism
499:Magical thinking
175:
169:
164:
161:
159:
157:
103:, London W14 0RL
68:
66:
61:
42:
35:
21:
4797:
4796:
4792:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4787:
4786:
4752:
4751:
4742:
4740:
4736:
4733:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4713:
4681:
4627:Life After Life
4572:
4551:
4490:
4419:
4380:Sensory leakage
4345:Psychic surgery
4340:Psychic reading
4270:Materialization
4230:Dream telepathy
4183:
4174:
4169:
4132:
4131:
4116:
4079:Alfred A. Knopf
3889:
3887:Further reading
3884:
3879:
3875:
3865:
3863:
3855:
3854:
3850:
3840:
3838:
3837:on 10 June 2003
3829:
3828:
3824:
3817:
3804:
3803:
3799:
3789:
3787:
3779:
3778:
3774:
3768:
3758:
3756:
3751:
3750:
3746:
3730:
3725:
3724:
3720:
3710:
3708:
3700:
3699:
3695:
3683:
3679:
3669:
3667:
3658:
3657:
3653:
3643:
3641:
3633:
3632:
3628:
3576:
3575:
3571:
3565:
3555:
3553:
3547:
3546:
3542:
3537:Wayback Machine
3527:
3523:
3513:
3511:
3506:
3505:
3501:
3491:
3489:
3472:
3471:
3467:
3457:
3455:
3447:
3446:
3439:
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3397:
3395:
3382:
3381:
3374:
3364:
3362:
3349:
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3344:
3335:
3331:
3312:
3308:
3294:
3290:
3274:
3270:
3256:
3252:
3233:
3229:
3222:
3221:978-1845-401238
3198:Medical History
3191:
3190:
3186:
3177:
3173:
3154:
3150:
3121:
3114:
3105:
3101:
3082:
3078:
3062:
3058:
3041:
3037:
3033:. Martyn Jolly.
3029:
3025:
3006:
2999:
2990:
2989:
2985:
2974:. pp. 175–176.
2966:
2962:
2945:
2941:
2929:
2925:
2920:
2916:
2900:
2896:
2880:
2876:
2860:
2856:
2840:
2836:
2820:
2816:
2800:
2796:
2790:National Review
2780:
2776:
2760:
2756:
2745:. pp. 141–142.
2737:
2733:
2723:
2721:
2716:
2715:
2711:
2701:
2699:
2698:on 3 March 2007
2686:
2685:
2681:
2671:
2669:
2661:
2660:
2656:
2646:"Join the SPR!"
2644:
2643:
2639:
2629:
2627:
2622:
2621:
2617:
2601:
2597:
2581:
2577:
2540:Medical History
2533:
2532:
2525:
2481:
2480:
2469:
2450:Michael Shermer
2443:
2439:
2425:
2424:
2420:
2413:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2380:
2378:
2365:
2364:
2357:
2337:
2333:
2321:
2317:
2301:
2297:
2281:
2277:
2258:
2254:
2243:. pp. 136–138.
2235:
2231:
2227:
2210:
2161:Scotland – The
2112:Arvi Grotenfelt
2053:
2051:Other societies
2037:
2011:
1993:
1979:
1953:
1910:Deborah Delanoy
1566:Edith Lyttelton
1310:William Crookes
1265:Balfour Stewart
1237:
1157:William Barrett
1126:
1109:
1101:
1070:Frederic Hudson
1024:Vernon Harrison
1014:to investigate
1008:Richard Hodgson
1001:
927:
922:
824:William Crookes
758:
726:
697:
696:
592:
584:
583:
554:False awakening
534:
524:
523:
469:
459:
458:
357:Psychic reading
292:Fortune-telling
232:Close encounter
197:
154:
143:
133:
126:Psi researchers
123:
113:
106:
101:West Kensington
99:1 Vernon Mews,
64:
62:
59:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4795:
4793:
4785:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4772:Parapsychology
4769:
4764:
4754:
4753:
4715:
4714:
4712:
4711:
4699:
4686:
4683:
4682:
4680:
4679:
4672:
4665:
4658:
4651:
4644:
4637:
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4623:
4616:
4609:
4602:
4595:
4588:
4580:
4578:
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4573:
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4565:
4559:
4557:
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4552:
4550:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4498:
4496:
4492:
4491:
4489:
4488:
4486:The Ghost Club
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4427:
4425:
4421:
4420:
4418:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4405:Thoughtography
4402:
4397:
4392:
4390:Superconscious
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4370:Retrocognition
4367:
4365:Remote viewing
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
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4175:
4172:Parapsychology
4170:
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4160:
4153:
4145:
4139:
4138:
4115:
4114:External links
4112:
4111:
4110:
4108:978-0879755041
4089:
4087:978-0394527406
4068:
4061:McCabe, Joseph
4052:
4051:
4049:978-1472139597
4030:
4028:978-0521347679
4009:
4007:978-0521747967
3991:
3989:978-0199249626
3970:
3968:978-0897270281
3950:
3949:
3942:
3940:978-0356078755
3925:
3923:978-0710060679
3904:
3888:
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3848:
3822:
3815:
3797:
3772:
3766:
3744:
3718:
3693:
3677:
3651:
3626:
3589:(2): 193–216.
3569:
3563:
3548:Peter Mulacz.
3540:
3521:
3499:
3465:
3453:www.iapsop.com
3437:
3405:
3372:
3342:
3329:
3326:978-0199249626
3306:
3288:
3285:978-0816048533
3268:
3250:
3227:
3220:
3204:(3): 433–435.
3184:
3171:
3148:
3123:Dingwall, Eric
3112:
3106:Nandor Fodor,
3099:
3096:978-0754663225
3076:
3073:978-0415714624
3056:
3052:978-0850300130
3035:
3023:
3020:978-0521347679
2997:
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2980:978-0521347679
2960:
2939:
2923:
2914:
2911:978-0850300130
2894:
2891:978-0786427703
2874:
2854:
2842:Podmore, Frank
2834:
2822:Podmore, Frank
2814:
2812:, 13, 415–417.
2802:Gurney, Edmund
2794:
2782:Gurney, Edmund
2774:
2762:Gurney, Edmund
2754:
2751:978-0521347679
2731:
2720:. Lexscien.org
2709:
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2575:
2546:(3): 383–388.
2523:
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2312:978-0521747967
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2249:978-0521347679
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2127:Charles Richet
2119:
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2019:Psi Researcher
2010:
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1273:
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1254:Henry Sidgwick
1251:
1250:1882–84
1247:
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1236:
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1186:Trevor H. Hall
1162:self-criticism
1149:Henry Sidgwick
1133:Trevor H. Hall
1125:
1122:
1108:
1105:
1100:
1097:
1076:had utilised.
1047:Stainton Moses
1000:
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982:Borley Rectory
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894:Cambridgeshire
832:Charles Richet
805:Henry Sidgwick
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4076:
4072:
4071:Brandon, Ruth
4069:
4066:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4057:
4056:
4050:
4046:
4042:
4038:
4034:
4033:Ruickbie, Leo
4031:
4029:
4025:
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4017:
4013:
4010:
4008:
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3954:
3947:
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3937:
3933:
3929:
3928:Haynes, Renee
3926:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3896:
3895:
3894:
3893:
3892:SPR histories
3886:
3877:
3874:
3862:
3858:
3852:
3849:
3836:
3832:
3826:
3823:
3818:
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3707:
3703:
3697:
3694:
3691:
3690:2-930111-00-3
3687:
3681:
3678:
3665:
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3655:
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3450:
3444:
3442:
3438:
3425:
3421:
3420:
3415:
3409:
3406:
3393:
3389:
3388:www.spr.ac.uk
3385:
3379:
3377:
3373:
3360:
3356:
3355:www.spr.ac.uk
3352:
3346:
3343:
3339:
3333:
3330:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3310:
3307:
3303:
3302:
3297:
3296:Clodd, Edward
3292:
3289:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3272:
3269:
3265:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3251:
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3207:
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3199:
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3188:
3185:
3181:
3175:
3172:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3152:
3149:
3144:
3143:0-87975-300-5
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3119:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3103:
3100:
3097:
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3017:
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2898:
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2892:
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2878:
2875:
2872:
2871:1-57958-207-9
2868:
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2843:
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2647:
2641:
2638:
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2613:
2609:
2605:
2599:
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2593:
2592:0-521-80168-0
2589:
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2510:
2505:
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2468:
2465:
2464:1-57607-653-9
2461:
2457:
2456:
2451:
2447:
2441:
2438:
2433:
2429:
2422:
2419:
2414:
2408:
2404:
2403:
2398:
2397:Haynes, Renée
2392:
2389:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2367:"SPR website"
2362:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2351:0-85030-316-8
2348:
2344:
2340:
2335:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2299:
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2256:
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2250:
2246:
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2238:
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2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2202:
2199:
2195:
2194:
2189:
2186:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2164:
2160:
2157:
2154:Poland – The
2153:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2135:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
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2035:
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2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1977:
1974:
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1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1950:
1943:
1940:
1939:
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1932:
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1927:
1924:
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1916:
1915:
1911:
1908:
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1904:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1869:David Fontana
1867:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1836:Ian Stevenson
1834:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1823:
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1815:
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1743:Alister Hardy
1740:
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1561:
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1556:
1553:(→ 1908) and
1552:
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1522:
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1421:Henri Bergson
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1298:William James
1296:
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1234:
1232:
1229:
1228:Eric Dingwall
1224:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1213:psychological
1209:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1189:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1171:has written:
1170:
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1145:Eric Dingwall
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1039:slate writing
1036:
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993:Sigmund Freud
989:
987:
983:
978:
976:
972:
967:
965:
961:
956:
953:
950:In 1894, the
948:
944:
942:
941:Frank Podmore
938:
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840:William James
837:
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793:Edmund Gurney
790:
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773:Edmund Rogers
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422:Table-turning
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367:Reincarnation
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347:Preternatural
345:
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4646:
4641:Mental Radio
4639:
4632:
4625:
4618:
4611:
4604:
4597:
4590:
4583:
4577:Publications
4480:
4375:Second sight
4325:Precognition
4215:Clairvoyance
4117:
4095:
4074:
4064:
4054:
4053:
4036:
4015:
3994:
3976:
3959:
3952:
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3945:
3931:
3910:
3899:
3891:
3890:
3876:
3864:. Retrieved
3861:www.aspr.com
3860:
3851:
3839:. Retrieved
3835:the original
3825:
3806:
3800:
3788:. Retrieved
3784:
3775:
3769:
3759:10 September
3757:. Retrieved
3755:. Parapsy.nl
3747:
3738:
3734:
3721:
3709:. Retrieved
3705:
3696:
3680:
3670:10 September
3668:. Retrieved
3664:the original
3654:
3642:. Retrieved
3638:
3629:
3586:
3582:
3572:
3566:
3556:10 September
3554:. Retrieved
3543:
3524:
3512:. Retrieved
3502:
3490:. Retrieved
3477:
3468:
3456:. Retrieved
3452:
3428:. Retrieved
3424:the original
3418:
3417:
3408:
3396:. Retrieved
3392:the original
3387:
3363:. Retrieved
3359:the original
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2792:, 9, 437–439
2789:
2777:
2769:
2757:
2742:
2734:
2724:10 September
2722:. Retrieved
2712:
2700:. Retrieved
2696:the original
2691:
2682:
2670:. Retrieved
2666:
2657:
2649:
2640:
2630:10 September
2628:. Retrieved
2618:
2603:
2598:
2583:
2578:
2543:
2539:
2494:(2): 23–44.
2491:
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2401:
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2379:. Retrieved
2375:the original
2370:
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2092:
2085:
2084:China – The
2074:
2067:
2063:was founded.
2060:
2054:
2040:
2038:
2033:
2027:Leo Ruickbie
2022:
2018:
2014:
2012:
2007:
2000:
1996:
1994:
1989:
1982:
1980:
1975:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1954:
1951:Publications
1891:Bernard Carr
1555:Oliver Lodge
1521:Hans Driesch
1490:
1336:Oliver Lodge
1314:Crookes tube
1238:
1225:
1210:
1201:Oliver Lodge
1193:Edward Clodd
1190:
1179:
1174:
1166:
1138:
1118:Nandor Fodor
1110:
1102:
1081:William Hope
1078:
1051:
1028:
1006:
1002:
990:
979:
968:
960:Eva Carrière
957:
951:
949:
945:
930:
928:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
886:
854:dissociation
847:
844:
828:Oliver Lodge
813:
809:
770:
737:
733:
731:
692:Urban legend
682:Superstition
662:Protoscience
657:Junk science
597:Anomalistics
474:Cold reading
432:
431:
407:Supernatural
397:Spiritualism
392:Spirit world
342:Precognition
227:Clairvoyance
122:Membership
73:Legal status
47:Abbreviation
29:
4741: /
4415:Zener cards
4395:Telekinesis
4355:Pyrokinesis
4350:Psychometry
4320:Poltergeist
3907:Gauld, Alan
3741:(1): 29–50.
3156:Grant, John
2764:. (1887).
2077:existed in
2001:Proceedings
1983:Proceedings
1776:John Beloff
1720:E. R. Dodds
1709:H. H. Price
1698:C. D. Broad
1654:Samuel Soal
1599:H. H. Price
1577:C. D. Broad
1399:Andrew Lang
937:apparitions
906:Proceedings
880:, such as '
820:Jane Barlow
687:Uncertainty
412:Telekinesis
362:Psychometry
247:Conjuration
146:SPR Council
4756:Categories
4726:51°29′39″N
4410:Xenoglossy
4300:Paranormal
4275:Mediumship
4265:Levitation
4210:Bilocation
4094:. (1989).
4092:Hyman, Ray
4073:. (1983).
4063:. (1920).
4035:. (2018).
4014:. (1988).
3975:. (2002).
3930:. (1982).
3909:. (1968).
3711:5 February
3458:19 October
3298:. (1917).
3260:. (1911).
3131:Paul Kurtz
3086:. (2008).
3010:. (1988).
2970:. (1988).
2844:. (1895).
2824:. (1892).
2804:. (1888).
2784:. (1887).
2772:, 233–235.
2741:. (1988).
2452:. (2002).
2341:. (1982).
2323:Alan Gauld
2262:. (2002).
2239:. (1988).
2225:References
2136:Iceland –
2102:Finland –
2091:Denmark –
1963:, and the
1858:Archie Roy
1847:Alan Gauld
1235:Presidents
1141:John Grant
862:mediumship
750:paranormal
647:Groupthink
467:Skepticism
402:Stone Tape
307:Mediumship
262:Demonology
217:Bilocation
188:Paranormal
142:Main organ
4729:0°12′37″W
4400:Telepathy
4235:Ectoplasm
4055:Criticism
3603:0022-5061
3351:"Journal"
2371:spr.ac.uk
1827:(→ 1963)
1711:(→ 1939)
1700:(→ 1935)
1667:(→ 1915)
1557:(→ 1901)
1052:In 1891,
882:telepathy
850:hypnotism
834:, artist
484:Debunking
417:Telepathy
267:Ectoplasm
237:Cold spot
207:Astrology
132:President
116:Worldwide
55:Formation
4696:Category
4041:Robinson
3866:23 March
3790:23 March
3644:23 March
3621:36345211
3533:Archived
3486:Archived
3316:(2002).
3237:(1990).
3158:(2015).
3125:(1985).
2702:23 March
2692:ed.ac.uk
2672:23 March
2570:21792265
2518:23355763
2399:(1982).
2381:23 March
2208:See also
2168:Spain –
1493:1920–35
1221:ideation
1035:Sidgwick
984:and the
920:Research
914:LEXSCIEN
814:In 1882
652:Hypnosis
559:Hypnosis
287:Forteana
277:Exorcism
180:a series
178:Part of
93:Location
4708:Commons
4330:Psychic
4181:Outline
3841:2 March
3612:7614841
3514:16 July
2770:Science
2561:3143882
2509:3552602
2079:Toronto
1933:2018–21
1925:2015–18
1917:2011–15
1906:2007–11
1898:2004–07
1887:2000–04
1876:1998–99
1865:1995–98
1854:1993–95
1843:1992–93
1832:1988–89
1821:1984–88
1813:1981–83
1783:1976–79
1772:1974–76
1761:1971–74
1750:1969–71
1738:1965–69
1727:1963–65
1716:1960–63
1705:1960–61
1694:1958–60
1683:1956–58
1672:1953–55
1650:1950–51
1628:1947–48
1617:1945–46
1606:1942–44
1595:1939–41
1584:1937–38
1573:1935–36
1562:1933–34
1536:1930–31
1528:1928–29
1517:1926–27
1509:1924–25
1472:1920–21
1450:1917–18
1439:1915–16
1376:1908–09
1365:1906–07
1331:1901–03
1305:1896–99
1294:1894–95
1261:1885–87
1211:A 2004
1191:Writer
1031:Hodgson
1020:psychic
874:séances
756:Origins
746:psychic
740:) is a
632:Fallacy
591:Related
427:Ufology
352:Psychic
312:Miracle
151:Website
83:Purpose
63: (
4556:People
4255:Ghosts
4188:Topics
4106:
4085:
4047:
4026:
4005:
3987:
3966:
3938:
3921:
3813:
3781:"sspr"
3688:
3619:
3609:
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3492:1 July
3430:2 July
3398:3 July
3365:3 July
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2247:
1959:, the
1155:, and
549:Empath
317:Occult
182:on the
4205:Auras
3731:(PDF)
3129:. In
2448:. In
2106:(The
2095:(The
1941:2021–
1012:India
454:World
439:India
327:Ouija
302:Magic
4104:ISBN
4083:ISBN
4045:ISBN
4024:ISBN
4003:ISBN
3985:ISBN
3964:ISBN
3936:ISBN
3919:ISBN
3868:2018
3843:2010
3811:ISBN
3792:2018
3785:sspr
3761:2011
3713:2015
3686:ISBN
3672:2011
3646:2018
3617:PMID
3599:ISSN
3558:2011
3516:2020
3494:2023
3460:2017
3432:2023
3400:2023
3367:2023
3322:ISBN
3281:ISBN
3243:ISBN
3216:ISBN
3164:ISBN
3139:ISBN
3092:ISBN
3069:ISBN
3048:ISBN
3016:ISBN
2976:ISBN
2952:ISBN
2907:ISBN
2887:ISBN
2867:ISBN
2810:Mind
2747:ISBN
2726:2011
2704:2018
2674:2018
2632:2011
2608:ISBN
2588:ISBN
2566:PMID
2514:PMID
2460:ISBN
2407:ISBN
2383:2018
2347:ISBN
2308:ISBN
2288:ISBN
2268:ISBN
2245:ISBN
2039:The
2021:and
2013:The
1995:The
1802:1980
1791:1980
1741:Sir
1661:1952
1639:1949
1547:1932
1498:1923
1483:1922
1461:1919
1428:1914
1417:1913
1406:1912
1395:1911
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1334:Sir
1320:1900
1308:Sir
1283:1893
1199:and
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1033:and
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902:JSPR
799:and
732:The
489:Hoax
212:Aura
158:.spr
65:1882
58:1882
4285:Orb
3607:PMC
3591:doi
3206:doi
2932:doi
2556:PMC
2548:doi
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322:Orb
162:.uk
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