1721:
3241:
3229:
595:(joint and muscle pain) have occurred within a few hours following administration. More serious side effects, including allergic reactions, seizures and thrombotic events (e.g., heart attacks, strokes, and pulmonary embolism) rarely occur. Chronic self-administration of the drug has been shown to cause increases in blood
729:
encouraged doctors to prescribe epoetin in high doses, particularly for cancer patients, because this would increase sales by hundreds of millions of dollars. Former sales representatives Mark
Duxbury and Dean McClennan, claimed that the bulk of their business selling epoetin to hospitals and clinics
792:, which is caused by the malaria parasite's blockage of blood vessels in the brain. However, the possibility that erythropoietin may be neuroprotective is inconsistent with the poor transport of the chemical into the brain and the low levels of erythropoietin receptors expressed on neuronal cells.
557:
Erythropoietin is also used to treat anemia in people, and cats and dogs, with chronic kidney disease who are not on dialysis (those in Stage 3 or 4 disease and those living with a kidney transplant). There are two types of erythropoietin for people, and cats and dogs, with anemia due to chronic
581:
for trauma. The authors provide several hypotheses for potential etiologies of this reduced mortality, but, given the known increase in thrombosis and increased benefit in trauma patients as well as marginal nonsignificant benefit (adjusted hazard ratio of 0.9) in surgery patients, it could be
802:
Randomized clinical control trials have shown promising results of EPO in improving cognition which is often intractable with the current treatment of mood disorders and schizophrenia.These domains include speed of complex cognitive processing across attention,memory and executive function.
654:
Several publications and FDA communications have increased the level of concern related to adverse effects of ESA therapy in selected groups. In a revised black box warning, the FDA notes significant risks, advising that ESAs should be used only in patients with cancer when treating anemia
582:
speculated that some of the benefit might be secondary to the procoagulant effect of erythropoietin. Regardless, this study suggests further research may be necessary to see which critical care patients, if any, might benefit from administration of erythropoietin.
590:
Epoetin alfa is generally well tolerated. Common side effects include high blood pressure, headache, disabling cluster migraine (resistant to remedies), joint pain, and clotting at the injection site. Rare cases of stinging at the injection site, skin rash, and
651:. The advisory recommended caution in using these agents in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy or off chemotherapy, and indicated a lack of clinical evidence to support improvements in quality of life or transfusion requirements in these settings.
621:
in premature and anemic infants, raising concern that the angiogenic actions of erythropoietin may exacerbate retinopathy. Since anemia itself increases the risk of retinopathy, the correlation with erythropoietin treatment may be incidental.
529:
for the treatment of anemia due to chronic kidney disease; zidovudine in people with human immunodeficiency virus; HIV infection; the effects of concomitant myelosuppressive chemotherapy; reduction of allogeneic red blood cell transfusions.
710:
The publication of an editorial questioning the benefits of high-dose epoetin was canceled by the marketing branch of a journal after being accepted by the editorial branch highlighting concerns of conflict of interest in publishing.
573:, erythropoietin was shown to not change the number of blood transfusions required by critically ill patients. A surprising finding in this study was a small mortality reduction in patients receiving erythropoietin. This result was
2060:
Banks WA, Jumbe NL, Farrell CL, Niehoff ML, Heatherington AC (November 2004). "Passage of erythropoietic agents across the blood-brain barrier: a comparison of human and murine erythropoietin and the analog darbepoetin alfa".
787:
Erythropoietin has been hypothesized to be beneficial in treating certain neurological diseases such as schizophrenia and stroke. Some research has suggested that erythropoietin improves the survival rate in children with
638:
10 clinical trial. The DAHANCA 10 data monitoring committee found that three-year loco-regional cancer control in subjects treated with
Aranesp was significantly worse than for those not receiving Aranesp (p=0.01).
2096:
Ott CV, Vinberg M, Kessing LV, Miskowiak KW (August 2016). "The effect of erythropoietin on cognition in affective disorders - Associations with baseline deficits and change in subjective cognitive complaints".
642:
In response to these advisories, the FDA released a Public Health
Advisory on 9 March 2007, and a clinical alert for doctors in February 2007, about the use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) such as
235:
655:
specifically caused by chemotherapy, and not for other causes of anemia. Further, the warning states that ESAs should be discontinued once the patient's chemotherapy course has been completed.
2374:
2158:
190:
2006:
Core A, Hempel C, Kurtzhals JA, Penkowa M (February 2011). "Plasmodium berghei ANKA: erythropoietin activates neural stem cells in an experimental cerebral malaria model".
454:
811:
Infants born early often require transfusions with red blood cells and have low levels of erythropoietin. Erythropoietin has been studied as a treatment option to reduce
1868:"Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Health, Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives.] Medicare. Information on Highest-Expenditure Part B Drugs"
2390:
3281:
2852:
815:
in preterm infants. Treating infants less than 8 days old with erythropoietin may slightly reduce the need for red blood cell transfusions, but increases the risk of
610:
Erythropoietin is associated with an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular complications in patients with kidney disease if it is used to target an increase of
2318:
2440:
110:
2872:
701:
may interfere with hematopoiesis, possibly by decreasing the synthesis of endogenous erythropoietin and decreasing bone marrow production of red blood cells.
1776:
1507:"FDA Public Health Advisory: Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents (ESAs): Epoetin alfa (marketed as Procrit, Epogen), Darbepoetin alfa (marketed as Aranesp)"
3271:
2500:
2151:
819:. Due to the limited clinical benefit and increased risk of retinopathy, early or late erythropoietin treatment is not recommended for preterm infants.
1181:
1158:
2843:
2832:
2808:
2298:
1971:
Casals-Pascual C, Idro R, Picot S, Roberts DJ, Newton CR (January 2009). "Can erythropoietin be used to prevent brain damage in cerebral malaria?".
1807:
2187:
2334:
2144:
1253:
1093:
The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health
Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023)
1072:
514:
2466:
1538:
1632:
1600:
2198:
698:
1832:
Engelberg AB, Kesselheim AS, Avorn J (November 2009). "Balancing innovation, access, and profits--market exclusivity for biologics".
3152:
631:
1570:
3261:
687:—risk of high blood pressure may be greater in combination with EPO. EPO may lead to variability in blood levels of cyclosporine.
1506:
1037:
975:
957:
220:
142:
2863:
2565:
3286:
3167:
1543:
1511:
331:
161:
1367:"Early versus late erythropoietin for preventing red blood cell transfusion in preterm and/or low birth weight infants"
570:
3219:
3157:
2799:
618:
483:
1571:"Erythropoiesis Stimulating Agents: Aranesp (darbepoetin alfa), Epogen (epoetin alfa), and Procrit (epoetin alfa)"
2758:
2228:
1784:
1088:
933:
901:
844:
617:
Early treatment (before an infant is 8 days old) with erythropoietin correlated with an increase in the risk of
1896:
Mitka M (14 August 2013), "Capitol Health Call: High-Cost Drugs
Account for Most of Medicare Part B Spending",
753:
574:
3266:
2511:
2207:
720:
172:
2223:
1720:
2896:
2042:
543:
499:
380:
183:
1002:"FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)"
868:
2708:
2703:
2654:
774:
In August 2007, Binocrit, Epoetin Alfa Hexal, and
Abseamed were approved for use in the European Union.
577:
after 29 days but not at 140 days. The mortality difference was most marked in patients admitted to the
2293:
928:
2308:
2823:
2659:
2364:
2258:
1269:
Drüeke TB, Locatelli F, Clyne N, Eckardt KU, Macdougall IC, Tsakiris D, et al. (November 2006).
1001:
726:
3066:
2774:
2664:
2556:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2253:
1665:"Information on Erythropoiesis Stimulating Agents (ESA) (marketed as Procrit, Epogen, and Aranesp)"
578:
275:
2527:
2385:
2354:
1416:"Early Erythropoietin Administration does not Increase the Risk of Retinopathy in Preterm Infants"
2688:
2683:
2649:
2644:
2590:
2405:
2178:
2170:
2122:
1953:
3177:
2481:
2471:
2461:
2395:
2344:
1808:"Drug Rep in $ 3B Procrit Case: "80% of My Sales Were Medicare Fraud"; Carried $ 400K in "Cash""
3106:
3096:
3086:
3023:
2748:
2451:
1922:
Ehrenreich H, Degner D, Meller J, Brines M, Béhé M, Hasselblatt M, et al. (January 2004).
1118:"A randomized controlled study of iron supplementation in patients treated with erythropoietin"
3116:
3101:
3018:
2983:
2728:
2233:
2167:
2114:
2078:
2023:
1988:
1945:
1849:
1757:
1709:
1548:
1488:
1437:
1396:
1344:
1292:
1249:
1226:
1139:
1068:
592:
90:
3043:
2218:
1688:"Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors linked to anemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis"
1639:
1607:
1578:
1064:
1056:
896:
839:
2769:
2698:
2693:
2581:
2238:
2106:
2070:
2015:
1980:
1935:
1905:
1841:
1747:
1699:
1478:
1468:
1427:
1386:
1378:
1334:
1326:
1282:
1216:
1129:
1096:
789:
546:, iron should be given with erythropoietin, depending on some laboratory parameters such as
396:
50:
2677:
1686:
Cheungpasitporn W, Thongprayoon C, Chiasakul T, Korpaisarn S, Erickson SB (November 2015).
1203:
Corwin HL, Gettinger A, Fabian TC, May A, Pearl RG, Heard S, et al. (September 2007).
340:
284:
3233:
3147:
3124:
2669:
2586:
2349:
539:
1664:
1457:"Flexible dosing with Darbepoetin alfa for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced anemia"
3276:
3245:
3008:
2998:
2925:
2542:
2532:
2456:
2288:
1483:
1456:
1391:
1366:
1339:
1314:
715:
694:
491:
487:
479:
1271:"Normalization of hemoglobin level in patients with chronic kidney disease and anemia"
3255:
2576:
2359:
2278:
1516:
248:
134:
2110:
1957:
1116:
Macdougall IC, Tucker B, Thompson J, Tomson CR, Baker LR, Raine AE (November 1996).
566:
Erythropoietin is used to treat people with anemia resulting from critical illness.
120:
3182:
3162:
3081:
3071:
3013:
2960:
2890:
2789:
2733:
2420:
2410:
2400:
2303:
2283:
2248:
2126:
1539:"Information for Healthcare Professionals: Erythropoiesis Stimulating Agents (ESA)"
1382:
1330:
752:
Epoetin alfa has accounted for the single greatest drug expenditure paid by the US
684:
671:
503:
203:
198:
2019:
2074:
1432:
1415:
3192:
3187:
3091:
3076:
3048:
3038:
3033:
2988:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2920:
2915:
2738:
2723:
2718:
2537:
2522:
2339:
1315:"Early erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in preterm or low birth weight infants"
816:
769:
648:
551:
179:
128:
2136:
3028:
2930:
2784:
2329:
1473:
723:: The Man Who Blew the Whistle on One of the Deadliest Prescription Drugs Ever
675:
611:
600:
596:
435:
315:
100:
1984:
1909:
33:
3202:
3197:
2978:
2425:
526:
114:
2118:
2082:
2027:
1992:
1949:
1924:"Erythropoietin: a candidate compound for neuroprotection in schizophrenia"
1867:
1853:
1761:
1713:
1704:
1687:
1492:
1441:
1400:
1348:
1296:
1230:
1940:
1923:
1143:
2430:
1845:
1287:
1270:
1221:
1204:
547:
517:. It was approved for medical use in the European Union in August 2007,
295:
156:
1734:
Hardell L, Walker MJ, Walhjalt B, Friedman LS, Richter ED (March 2007).
1134:
1117:
1101:
304:
1752:
1735:
635:
604:
17:
3240:
1736:"Secret ties to industry and conflicting interests in cancer research"
3003:
2993:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2618:
812:
644:
495:
486:. Epoetin alfa is an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent. It stimulates
371:
1638:. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 8 November 2007. Archived from
1606:. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 11 August 2007. Archived from
1577:. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 3 January 2008. Archived from
360:
105:
epoetin alfa-epbx, Abseamed, Binocrit, Epoetin Alfa Hexal, Retacrit
2673:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2491:
507:
3058:
2970:
2907:
1205:"Efficacy and safety of epoetin alfa in critically ill patients"
351:
257:
2140:
242:
151:
1009:
1248:. Foster City, CA: Biomedical Publications. p. 547-549.
1159:"Erythropoiesis Stimulating Agents (ESAs) for Severe Anaemia"
2043:"Kidney drug could save children from malaria brain damage"
229:
62:
53:
923:
921:
74:
68:
2299:
Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta (CERA/Mircera)
515:
461:
1182:"Erythropoietin (Epogen®, Procrit®) for Dogs and Cats"
3217:
77:
1875:
United States
Government Accountability Office (GAO)
1667:. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 26 January 2009
1414:
Chou HH, Chung MY, Zhou XG, Lin HC (February 2017).
71:
59:
3137:
3115:
3057:
2969:
2906:
2889:
2882:
2862:
2842:
2822:
2798:
2757:
2564:
2555:
2510:
2490:
2439:
2373:
2317:
2206:
2197:
2177:
434:
395:
390:
370:
350:
330:
314:
294:
274:
269:
219:
214:
189:
171:
141:
127:
109:
99:
89:
56:
44:
39:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1026:
976:"Retacrit- epoetin alfa-epbx injection, solution"
958:"Retacrit- epoetin alfa-epbx injection, solution"
2391:Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor
1061:Directory of approved biopharmaceutical products
1455:Wauters I, Pat K, Vansteenkiste J (June 2006).
1246:Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man
891:
889:
834:
832:
663:Drug interactions with erythropoietin include:
283:
2152:
8:
160:
32:
1371:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1319:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
745:The average cost per patient in the US was
626:Safety advisories in anemic cancer patients
65:
3158:Leukemia/leukocyte inhibitory factor (LIF)
2903:
2886:
2561:
2203:
2159:
2145:
2137:
1777:"Whistleblower's story: New book reviewed"
1633:"Aranesp (darbepoetin alfa) for Injection"
3153:FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT3L)
2582:Interferon alpha (interferon alfa, IFN-α)
1939:
1751:
1703:
1575:MedWatch - 2007 Safety Information Alerts
1482:
1472:
1461:Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management
1431:
1390:
1338:
1286:
1220:
1133:
1100:
339:
3282:Drugs developed by Johnson & Johnson
3175:Additional cytokine receptor modulators:
603:to abnormally high levels, resulting in
3224:
1740:American Journal of Industrial Medicine
828:
303:
133:
2999:Cucurbitacin I (elatericin B, JSI-124)
1601:"Procrit (Epoetin alfa) for injection"
31:
2335:Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
1360:
1358:
1308:
1306:
1095:. Geneva: World Health Organization.
379:
119:
7:
2694:Interferon kappa (IFN-ε/κ/τ/ζ, IFNK)
2467:Macrophage colony-stimulating factor
1365:Aher SM, Ohlsson A (February 2020).
1313:Ohlsson A, Aher SM (February 2020).
873:Union Register of medicinal products
202:
3168:Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP)
1834:The New England Journal of Medicine
1275:The New England Journal of Medicine
1209:The New England Journal of Medicine
634:(FDA) regarding the results of the
359:
1063:. Boca Raton: CRC Press. pp.
756:system; in 2010, the program paid
558:kidney disease (not on dialysis).
25:
3272:Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents
1157:Fitzsimons H (14 November 2020).
632:U.S. Food and Drug Administration
3239:
3227:
2099:European Neuropsychopharmacology
2063:European Journal of Pharmacology
1719:
413:
407:
49:
2699:Interferon omega (IFN-ω, IFNW1)
2111:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.05.009
1038:"Epogen- epoetin alfa solution"
562:Anemia in critically ill people
534:Anemia caused by kidney disease
506:. Epoetin alfa is developed by
482:produced in cell culture using
1383:10.1002/14651858.CD004865.pub4
1331:10.1002/14651858.CD004863.pub6
425:
419:
401:
1:
2020:10.1016/j.exppara.2010.09.010
730:was Medicare fraud, totaling
699:angiotensin receptor blockers
494:levels) and is used to treat
2075:10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.10.035
2041:McKie R (17 February 2008).
1806:Edwards J (17 August 2009).
1781:Center for Medical Consumers
1544:Food and Drug Administration
1512:Food and Drug Administration
1433:10.1016/j.pedneo.2016.03.006
1161:. Tanya's Feline CKD Website
474:, sold under the brand name
2543:Thrombopoietin (THPO, MGDF)
2309:Pegol sihematide (EPO-018B)
2229:Carbamylated erythropoietin
1775:Napoli M (5 October 2011).
571:randomized controlled trial
498:, commonly associated with
3303:
1420:Pediatrics and Neonatology
1105:. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02.
767:
619:retinopathy of prematurity
484:recombinant DNA technology
391:Chemical and physical data
3092:Tofacitinib (tasocitinib)
3049:Tofacitinib (tasocitinib)
2956:Tofacitinib (tasocitinib)
2008:Experimental Parasitology
1474:10.2147/tcrm.2006.2.2.175
1180:Ruben D (6 August 2015).
1089:World Health Organization
1055:Walsh G, Spada S (2005).
934:European Medicines Agency
929:"Epoetin Alfa Hexal EPAR"
902:European Medicines Agency
845:European Medicines Agency
575:statistically significant
478:among others, is a human
451:
2770:Interferon gamma (IFN-γ)
1985:10.1016/j.pt.2008.10.002
1910:10.1001/jama.2013.192555
614:levels above 13.0 g/dl.
3262:Antianemic preparations
2670:Interferon beta (IFN-β)
538:For people who require
3148:Cardiotrophin 1 (CT-1)
1973:Trends in Parasitology
725:, alleging drug maker
544:chronic kidney disease
500:chronic kidney failure
3145:Additional cytokines:
3072:Decernotinib (VX-509)
2709:Peginterferon alfa-2b
2704:Peginterferon alfa-2a
2224:Asialo erythropoietin
1941:10.1038/sj.mp.4001442
783:Neurological diseases
727:Johnson & Johnson
3287:Recombinant proteins
2660:Interferon alfacon-1
2289:Erythropoietin (EPO)
1928:Molecular Psychiatry
1846:10.1056/NEJMp0908496
1705:10.1093/qjmed/hcv049
1288:10.1056/NEJMoa062276
1222:10.1056/NEJMoa071533
1122:Kidney International
797:Psychiatric diseases
760:for the medication.
607:and abdominal pain.
2807:See IL-28R (IFNLR)
2775:Interferon gamma 1b
2665:Interferon alpha-n3
1135:10.1038/ki.1996.487
938:. 17 September 2018
906:. 17 September 2018
849:. 17 September 2018
706:Society and culture
238:(Prescription only)
36:
27:Pharmaceutical drug
3163:Oncostatin M (OSM)
2689:Interferon beta 1b
2684:Interferon beta 1a
2655:Interferon alfa n1
2650:Interferon alfa 2b
2645:Interferon alfa 2a
2479:Kinase inhibitors:
1753:10.1002/ajim.20357
1645:on 18 January 2009
1613:on 18 January 2009
1244:Baselt RC (2008).
964:. 29 January 2020.
718:published a book,
630:Amgen advised the
3215:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3133:
3132:
2900:
2818:
2817:
2551:
2550:
2294:Erythropoietin-Fc
2168:Cytokine receptor
1787:on 5 January 2012
1255:978-0-9626523-7-0
1074:978-0-415-26368-9
593:flu-like symptoms
469:
468:
261:
246:
233:
154:
16:(Redirected from
3294:
3244:
3243:
3232:
3231:
3230:
3223:
2904:
2894:
2887:
2746:Decoy receptors:
2562:
2239:Darbepoetin alfa
2204:
2161:
2154:
2147:
2138:
2131:
2130:
2105:(8): 1264–1273.
2093:
2087:
2086:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1943:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1872:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1783:. Archived from
1772:
1766:
1765:
1755:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1723:
1717:
1707:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1661:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1644:
1637:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1612:
1605:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1547:. Archived from
1535:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1515:. Archived from
1503:
1497:
1496:
1486:
1476:
1452:
1446:
1445:
1435:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1394:
1362:
1353:
1352:
1342:
1310:
1301:
1300:
1290:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1224:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1154:
1148:
1147:
1137:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1057:"Epogen/Procrit"
1052:
1046:
1045:
1034:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1006:nctr-crs.fda.gov
998:
992:
991:
989:
987:
972:
966:
965:
954:
948:
947:
945:
943:
925:
916:
915:
913:
911:
893:
884:
883:
881:
879:
865:
859:
858:
856:
854:
836:
790:cerebral malaria
759:
748:
736:
733:
714:In 2011, author
525:Epoetin alfa is
465:
464:
457:
446:
444:
427:
421:
415:
409:
403:
383:
363:
343:
307:
287:
259:
256:
251:
244:
241:
231:
228:
206:
164:
153:
150:
137:
123:
84:
83:
80:
79:
76:
73:
70:
67:
64:
61:
58:
55:
37:
35:
21:
3302:
3301:
3297:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3292:
3291:
3252:
3251:
3250:
3238:
3228:
3226:
3218:
3216:
3207:
3129:
3125:Deucravacitinib
3111:
3053:
2965:
2893:
2878:
2858:
2838:
2814:
2794:
2753:
2587:Interferon alfa
2547:
2506:
2486:
2435:
2369:
2365:Pegnartograstim
2350:Lipegfilgrastim
2313:
2259:Epoetin epsilon
2193:
2173:
2165:
2135:
2134:
2095:
2094:
2090:
2069:(1–3): 93–101.
2059:
2058:
2054:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1895:
1894:
1890:
1880:
1878:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1816:
1814:
1805:
1804:
1800:
1790:
1788:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1733:
1732:
1728:
1718:
1698:(11): 879–884.
1685:
1684:
1680:
1670:
1668:
1663:
1662:
1658:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1635:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1603:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1584:
1582:
1581:on 9 April 2009
1569:
1568:
1564:
1554:
1552:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1522:
1520:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1413:
1412:
1408:
1377:(2): CD004865.
1364:
1363:
1356:
1325:(2): CD004863.
1312:
1311:
1304:
1281:(20): 2071–84.
1268:
1267:
1263:
1256:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1187:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1164:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1075:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1044:. 25 July 2018.
1036:
1035:
1024:
1014:
1012:
1000:
999:
995:
985:
983:
974:
973:
969:
956:
955:
951:
941:
939:
927:
926:
919:
909:
907:
897:"Binocrit EPAR"
895:
894:
887:
877:
875:
867:
866:
862:
852:
850:
840:"Abseamed EPAR"
838:
837:
830:
825:
809:
807:Preterm infants
798:
785:
780:
772:
766:
757:
746:
743:
734:
731:
708:
661:
628:
588:
586:Adverse effects
564:
536:
523:
460:
458:
455:(what is this?)
452:
442:
440:
430:
424:
418:
412:
406:
386:
366:
346:
326:
310:
290:
265:
249:
210:
174:
167:
52:
48:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3300:
3298:
3290:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3267:Growth factors
3264:
3254:
3253:
3249:
3248:
3236:
3213:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3171:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3141:
3139:
3135:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3121:
3119:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3067:Cercosporamide
3063:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3009:Deuruxolitinib
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2975:
2973:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2926:Deuruxolitinib
2923:
2918:
2912:
2910:
2901:
2884:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2876:
2868:
2866:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2848:
2846:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2836:
2828:
2826:
2820:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2804:
2802:
2800:IFNLR (λ, III)
2796:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2787:
2778:
2777:
2772:
2763:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2742:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2712:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2584:
2579:
2570:
2568:
2566:IFNAR (α/β, I)
2559:
2553:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2533:Promegapoietin
2530:
2525:
2516:
2514:
2512:Thrombopoietin
2508:
2507:
2505:
2504:
2496:
2494:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2484:
2475:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2457:Interleukin-34
2454:
2445:
2443:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2414:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2379:
2377:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2323:
2321:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2212:
2210:
2208:Erythropoietin
2201:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2183:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2156:
2149:
2141:
2133:
2132:
2088:
2052:
2033:
1998:
1963:
1914:
1888:
1877:. 28 June 2013
1859:
1840:(20): 1917–9.
1824:
1798:
1767:
1726:
1678:
1656:
1624:
1592:
1562:
1551:on 15 May 2007
1530:
1519:on 28 May 2007
1498:
1467:(2): 175–186.
1447:
1406:
1354:
1302:
1261:
1254:
1236:
1215:(10): 965–76.
1195:
1172:
1149:
1108:
1080:
1073:
1047:
1022:
993:
982:. 26 June 2024
967:
949:
917:
885:
860:
827:
826:
824:
821:
808:
805:
796:
784:
781:
779:
776:
765:
762:
742:
739:
716:Kathleen Sharp
707:
704:
703:
702:
695:ACE inhibitors
688:
678:
660:
657:
627:
624:
587:
584:
563:
560:
535:
532:
522:
519:
492:red blood cell
488:erythropoiesis
480:erythropoietin
467:
466:
449:
448:
438:
432:
431:
428:
422:
416:
410:
404:
399:
393:
392:
388:
387:
385:
384:
376:
374:
368:
367:
365:
364:
356:
354:
348:
347:
345:
344:
336:
334:
328:
327:
325:
324:
320:
318:
312:
311:
309:
308:
300:
298:
292:
291:
289:
288:
280:
278:
272:
271:
267:
266:
264:
263:
254:
239:
225:
223:
217:
216:
212:
211:
209:
208:
195:
193:
187:
186:
177:
175:administration
169:
168:
166:
165:
147:
145:
139:
138:
131:
125:
124:
117:
107:
106:
103:
97:
96:
93:
87:
86:
46:
42:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3299:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3235:
3225:
3221:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3136:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3114:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2972:
2968:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2902:
2898:
2892:
2888:
2885:
2881:
2874:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2861:
2854:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2841:
2834:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2821:
2810:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2797:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2759:IFNGR (γ, II)
2756:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2713:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2577:Albinterferon
2575:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2509:
2502:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2489:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2438:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2375:GM-CSF (CSF2)
2372:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2360:Pegfilgrastim
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2316:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2279:Epoetin theta
2277:
2275:
2274:Epoetin omega
2272:
2270:
2269:Epoetin kappa
2267:
2265:
2264:Epoetin gamma
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2254:Epoetin delta
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2196:
2189:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2169:
2162:
2157:
2155:
2150:
2148:
2143:
2142:
2139:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2092:
2089:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2056:
2053:
2048:
2044:
2037:
2034:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2002:
1999:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1967:
1964:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1918:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1892:
1889:
1876:
1869:
1863:
1860:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1828:
1825:
1813:
1809:
1802:
1799:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1771:
1768:
1763:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1746:(3): 227–33.
1745:
1741:
1737:
1730:
1727:
1722:
1715:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1682:
1679:
1666:
1660:
1657:
1641:
1634:
1628:
1625:
1609:
1602:
1596:
1593:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1566:
1563:
1550:
1546:
1545:
1540:
1534:
1531:
1518:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1502:
1499:
1494:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1451:
1448:
1443:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1410:
1407:
1402:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1361:
1359:
1355:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1298:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1265:
1262:
1257:
1251:
1247:
1240:
1237:
1232:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1199:
1196:
1183:
1176:
1173:
1160:
1153:
1150:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1128:(5): 1694–9.
1127:
1123:
1119:
1112:
1109:
1103:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1084:
1081:
1076:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1051:
1048:
1043:
1039:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1011:
1007:
1003:
997:
994:
981:
977:
971:
968:
963:
959:
953:
950:
937:
935:
930:
924:
922:
918:
905:
903:
898:
892:
890:
886:
874:
870:
864:
861:
848:
846:
841:
835:
833:
829:
822:
820:
818:
814:
806:
804:
800:
799:
793:
791:
782:
777:
775:
771:
763:
761:
758:US$ 2 billion
755:
750:
740:
738:
728:
724:
722:
717:
712:
705:
700:
696:
692:
689:
686:
682:
679:
677:
673:
669:
666:
665:
664:
658:
656:
652:
650:
646:
640:
637:
633:
625:
623:
620:
615:
613:
608:
606:
602:
598:
594:
585:
583:
580:
576:
572:
567:
561:
559:
555:
553:
549:
545:
541:
533:
531:
528:
520:
518:
516:
513:It is on the
511:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
463:
456:
450:
439:
437:
433:
400:
398:
394:
389:
382:
381:ChEMBL1201565
378:
377:
375:
373:
369:
362:
358:
357:
355:
353:
349:
342:
338:
337:
335:
333:
329:
322:
321:
319:
317:
313:
306:
302:
301:
299:
297:
293:
286:
282:
281:
279:
277:
273:
268:
262: Rx-only
255:
252:
240:
237:
227:
226:
224:
222:
218:
213:
205:
200:
197:
196:
194:
192:
188:
185:
181:
178:
176:
170:
163:
158:
149:
148:
146:
144:
140:
136:
132:
130:
126:
122:
118:
116:
112:
108:
104:
102:
98:
94:
92:
88:
82:
47:
45:Pronunciation
43:
40:Clinical data
38:
30:
19:
3183:Lestaurtinib
3174:
3144:
3082:Ritlecitinib
3014:Lestaurtinib
2961:Upadacitinib
2790:Fontolizumab
2781:
2766:
2745:
2734:Rontalizumab
2715:
2573:
2528:Pegacaristim
2519:
2478:
2448:
2441:M-CSF (CSF1)
2421:Mavrilimumab
2417:
2411:Sargramostim
2401:Molgramostim
2386:Ecogramostim
2382:
2355:Nartograstim
2326:
2319:G-CSF (CSF3)
2304:Peginesatide
2284:Epoetin zeta
2249:Epoetin beta
2244:Epoetin alfa
2243:
2215:
2102:
2098:
2091:
2066:
2062:
2055:
2047:The Guardian
2046:
2036:
2014:(2): 500–5.
2011:
2007:
2001:
1976:
1972:
1966:
1934:(1): 42–54.
1931:
1927:
1917:
1901:
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1891:
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1874:
1862:
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1811:
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1780:
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1659:
1647:. Retrieved
1640:the original
1627:
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1595:
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1549:the original
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1517:the original
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1464:
1460:
1450:
1426:(1): 48–56.
1423:
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1318:
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1198:
1188:17 September
1186:. Retrieved
1175:
1165:17 September
1163:. Retrieved
1152:
1125:
1121:
1111:
1102:10665/371090
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794:
786:
773:
751:
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719:
713:
709:
690:
685:cyclosporine
680:
672:lenalidomide
667:
662:
659:Interactions
653:
641:
629:
616:
609:
589:
568:
565:
556:
554:saturation.
537:
524:
521:Medical uses
512:
504:chemotherapy
490:(increasing
475:
472:Epoetin alfa
471:
470:
459:
453:
221:Legal status
215:Legal status
184:subcutaneous
162:Epoetin alfa
143:License data
34:Epoetin alfa
29:
3193:Quizartinib
3188:Midostaurin
3077:Peficitinib
3039:Ruxolitinib
3034:Peficitinib
2989:Baricitinib
2951:Ruxolitinib
2946:Peficitinib
2941:Oclacitinib
2936:Momelotinib
2921:Baricitinib
2916:Abrocitinib
2824:Interleukin
2782:Antibodies:
2739:Sifalimumab
2724:Faralimomab
2719:Anifrolumab
2716:Antibodies:
2538:Romiplostim
2523:Eltrombopag
2492:SCF (c-Kit)
2418:Antibodies:
2406:Regramostim
2340:Lenograstim
1979:(1): 30–6.
1817:12 February
1791:12 February
817:retinopathy
770:Biosimilars
764:Biosimilars
649:darbepoetin
552:transferrin
502:and cancer
447: g·mol
270:Identifiers
180:Intravenous
129:MedlinePlus
101:Biosimilars
91:Trade names
3256:Categories
3178:Emfilermin
3029:Pacritinib
2931:Filgotinib
2897:inhibitors
2785:Emapalumab
2557:Interferon
2482:Agerafenib
2472:Mirimostim
2462:Lanimostim
2396:Milodistim
2345:Leridistim
2330:Filgrastim
2171:modulators
1904:(6): 572,
1184:. PetPlace
1015:22 October
878:14 January
869:"Abseamed"
823:References
768:See also:
721:Blood Feud
676:thrombosis
612:hemoglobin
601:hematocrit
597:hemoglobin
436:Molar mass
341:64FS3BFH5W
316:ChemSpider
285:11096-26-7
276:CAS Number
3203:Sunitinib
3198:Sorafenib
3107:ZM-449829
3097:WHI-P 154
3087:TCS-21311
3024:NSC-33994
2979:Atiprimod
2767:Agonists:
2749:Bifarcept
2574:Agonists:
2520:Agonists:
2452:Cilmostim
2449:Agonists:
2426:Namilumab
2383:Agonists:
2327:Agonists:
2216:Agonists:
2179:Chemokine
2049:. London.
749:in 2009.
747:US$ 8,447
741:Economics
737:billion.
674:—risk of
527:indicated
173:Routes of
121:Monograph
115:Drugs.com
3234:Medicine
3102:ZM-39923
3019:NSC-7908
2984:AZD-1480
2875:instead.
2855:instead.
2835:instead.
2811:instead.
2729:MEDI-545
2503:instead.
2431:Otilimab
2234:CNTO-530
2190:instead.
2119:27349944
2083:15556141
2028:21044627
1993:19008152
1958:22595839
1950:14581931
1854:19828525
1812:CBS news
1762:17086516
1714:25697787
1493:18360591
1442:27346390
1401:32048729
1349:32048730
1297:17108342
1231:17804841
1091:(2023).
1042:DailyMed
980:DailyMed
962:DailyMed
778:Research
754:Medicare
681:Moderate
548:ferritin
542:or have
540:dialysis
462:(verify)
296:DrugBank
191:ATC code
157:DailyMed
3246:Viruses
3220:Portals
3044:SD-1008
2219:ARA-290
2127:2335208
1881:29 June
1671:9 April
1649:9 April
1617:9 April
1585:9 April
1484:1661657
1392:7014632
1340:7014351
1144:8914038
986:25 July
942:2 April
910:2 April
853:2 April
636:DAHANCA
605:dyspnea
397:Formula
305:DB00016
253:Rx-only
250:WARNING
207:)
201: (
199:B03XA01
159::
135:a692034
18:Procrit
3138:Others
3004:CYT387
2994:CHZ868
2883:Others
2639:IFNA21
2635:IFNA17
2631:IFNA16
2627:IFNA14
2623:IFNA13
2619:IFNA10
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1555:5 June
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813:anemia
735:
645:epogen
496:anemia
476:Epogen
372:ChEMBL
361:D03231
247:
234:
155:
95:Epogen
85:
3277:Amgen
2678:IFNB3
2674:IFNB1
2615:IFNA8
2611:IFNA7
2607:IFNA6
2603:IFNA5
2599:IFNA4
2595:IFNA2
2591:IFNA1
2123:S2CID
1954:S2CID
1871:(PDF)
1643:(PDF)
1636:(PDF)
1611:(PDF)
1604:(PDF)
1065:39–41
936:(EMA)
904:(EMA)
847:(EMA)
732:US$ 3
691:Minor
668:Major
569:In a
508:Amgen
3117:TYK2
3059:JAK3
2971:JAK2
2908:JAK1
2873:here
2871:See
2853:here
2851:See
2844:TGFβ
2833:here
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2809:here
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2115:PMID
2079:PMID
2024:PMID
1989:PMID
1946:PMID
1898:JAMA
1883:2015
1850:PMID
1819:2012
1793:2012
1758:PMID
1710:PMID
1673:2009
1651:2009
1619:2009
1587:2009
1557:2007
1525:2007
1489:PMID
1438:PMID
1397:PMID
1375:2020
1345:PMID
1293:PMID
1250:ISBN
1227:PMID
1190:2023
1167:2023
1140:PMID
1069:ISBN
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988:2024
944:2020
912:2020
880:2021
855:2020
697:and
647:and
599:and
550:and
411:1317
352:KEGG
332:UNII
323:none
111:AHFS
2891:JAK
2864:TNF
2199:CSF
2107:doi
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2016:doi
2012:127
1981:doi
1936:doi
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