20:
385:
925:
279:
Air gas: also called "power gas", "generator gas", or "Siemens' producer gas". Produced from various fuels by partial combustion with air. Air gas consists principally of carbon monoxide with nitrogen from the air used and a small amount of hydrogen. This term is not commonly used, and tends to be
318:
Water gas: Produced by injection of steam into fuel preheated by combustion with air. The reaction is endothermic so the fuel must be continually re-heated to keep the reaction going. This was usually done by alternating the steam with an air stream. This name is sometimes used incorrectly when
265:
In old movies and stories, when there is a description of suicide by "turning on the gas" and leaving an oven door open without lighting the flame, the reference was to coal gas or town gas. As this gas contained a significant amount of carbon monoxide it was quite toxic. Most town gas was also
293:
Blue water-gas: Air, water or producer gas produced from clean fuels such as coke, charcoal and anthracite which contain insufficient hydrocarbon impurities for use as illuminating gas. Blue gas burns with a blue flame and does not produce light except when used with a
Welsbach
484:"PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES (synthesis gas from liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons C01B; underground gasification of minerals E21BÂ 43/295); CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES"
353:
Quantity of air required for the combustion of producer gas is not much above the theoretical quantity; when burning solid fuel, far more than the theoretical quantity is required. With solid fuels, the larger quantity of exhaust takes away considerable heat with
261:
in
Britain, plants were built in the form of trailers for towing behind commercial vehicles, especially buses, to supply gas as a replacement for petrol (gasoline) fuel. A range of about 80 miles for every charge of anthracite was achieved.
336:
City (Town) gas: any of the above-manufactured gases including producer gas containing sufficient hydrocarbons to produce a bright flame for illumination purposes, originally produced from coal, for sale to consumers and
322:
Coke oven gas: Coke ovens give off a gas exactly similar to illuminating gas, part of which is used to heat the coal. There may be a large excess, however, which is used for industrial purposes after it has been
257:), spark ignited engines (where 100% petrol fuel replacement is possible) or diesel internal combustion engines (where 15% to 40% of the original diesel fuel requirement is still used to ignite the gas ). During
245:: 56.7%; B.T.U. gross per cu.ft 136 The concentration of carbon monoxide in the "ideal" producer gas was considered to be 34.7% carbon monoxide (carbonic oxide) and 65.3% nitrogen. After "scrubbing", to remove
347:
It is used in furnace. When furnaces are big, no scrubbing etc. is required. When furnace is small, scrubbing is necessary to avoid chocking of small burners. In gas engines, it is used after scrubbing.
329:, or synthesis gas: (from synthetic gas or synthesis gas) can be applied to any of the above gasses, but generally refers to modern industrial processes, such as natural gas reforming,
68:). The caloric value of the producer gas is low (mainly because of its high nitrogen content), and the technology is obsolete. Improvements over producer gas, also obsolete, include
283:
Producer gas: Air gas modified by simultaneous injection of water or steam to maintain a constant temperature and obtain a higher heat content gas by enrichment of air gas with H
528:
W. J. Atkinson
Butterfield, "The Chemistry of Gas Manufacture, Volume 1. Materials and Processes", Charles Griffin & Company Ltd., London, 1907, page 72
563:
641:
307:
Wood gas: produced from wood by partial combustion. Sometimes used in a gasifier to power cars with ordinary internal combustion engines.
703:
467:
616:
274:
Various names are used for producer gas, air gas and water gas generally depending on the fuel source, process or end use including:
19:
538:
304:
Carburetted gas: Any gas produced by a process similar to Lowe's in which hydrocarbons are added for illumination purposes.
749:
578:
301:
Lowe's Water Gas: Water gas with a secondary pyrolysis reactor to introduce hydrocarbon gasses for illuminating purposes.
483:
730:
499:
Nisbet Latta, "American
Producer Gas Practice and Industrial Gas Engineering", D. Van Nostrand Company, 1910, page 107
414:
1068:
631:
CONVERSION OF SOLID FUELS TO LOW BTU GAS Thomas E. Ban McDowell-Wellman
Engineering Company Cleveland, Ohio 44110
87:. The term suction refers to the way the air was drawn into the gas generator by an internal combustion engine.
829:
79:
In the US, producer gas may also be referred to by other names based on the fuel used for production such as
876:
266:
odorized, if it did not have its own odor. Modern 'natural gas' used in homes is far less toxic, and has a
964:
859:
854:
839:
696:
864:
849:
969:
330:
979:
939:
92:
27:
450:
Hiller, Heinz; Reimert, Rainer; Stönner, Hans-Martin (2011). "Gas
Production, 1. Introduction".
1063:
761:
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689:
612:
557:
463:
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72:
where the solid fuel is treated intermittently with air and steam and, far more efficiently
834:
254:
115:
49:
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924:
366:
Heat loss due to converting solid fuel into producer gas can be made in an economic way.
796:
23:
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1005:
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404:
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41:
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1000:
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380:
295:
119:
111:
1032:
954:
806:
424:
419:
384:
267:
69:
333:, and processes for synthetic production of methane and other hydrocarbons.
225:
The average composition of ordinary producer gas according to Latta was: CO
974:
959:
910:
811:
781:
766:
739:
712:
429:
409:
399:
88:
80:
61:
53:
37:
894:
884:
586:
889:
801:
756:
326:
107:
171:+ CO, –28,800 calories/mol (presumably mol of the reaction formula)
18:
372:
Producer gas can be produced even by the poorest quality of fuel.
315:
Coal gas or illuminating gas: Produced from coal by distillation.
844:
646:. American Gas Light Association. 1881 – via Google Books.
221:
O, –10,000 calories/mol (presumably mol of the reaction formula)
45:
685:
360:
Gas-fired furnaces can be maintained at a constant temperature.
319:
describing carburetted blue water gas simply as blue water gas.
206:, +10,000 calories/mol (presumably mol of the reaction formula)
186:, –18,800 calories/mol (presumably mol of the reaction formula)
517:
American producer gas practice and industrial gas engineering.
246:
48:
fire with air and steam simultaneously. It mainly consists of
512:
American
Producer Gas Practice and Industrial Gas Engineering
144:+ C → 2CO, –38,800 calories/mol (mol of the reaction formula)
681:
363:
With gas, an oxidising and reducing flame can be obtained.
357:
Producer gas is more easily transmitted than solid fuel.
114:. Air is passed over the red-hot carbonaceous fuel and
350:
There is no loss due to smoke and convection current.
988:
932:
903:
875:
820:
726:
719:
643:Proceedings of the American Gas Light Association
664:A Higher School Certificate Inorganic Chemistry
125:Formation of producer gas from air and carbon:
76:where the solid fuel is replaced with methane.
452:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
697:
8:
270:added to it for odor for identifying leaks.
190:Reaction between steam and carbon monoxide:
723:
704:
690:
682:
83:. Producer gas may also be referred to as
40:that is manufactured by blowing through a
659:, Longmans, Green and Co., 1941, page 211
611:. London: Calmann and King. p. 258.
151:→ 2CO, +58,800 calories/mol (per mol of O
442:
287:. Current usage often includes air gas.
253:(which are well-suited to fuels of low
562:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
555:
155:i.e. per mol of the reaction formula)
60:), as well as substantial amounts of
7:
342:Uses and Advantages of Producer Gas:
159:Reactions between steam and carbon:
102:Producer gas is generally made from
14:
923:
657:Intermediate Inorganic Chemistry
383:
280:used synonymously with wood gas.
662:Adlam, G.H.J. and Price, L.S.,
587:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
249:, the gas may be used to power
369:Smoke nuisance can be avoided.
1:
750:Underground coal gasification
666:, John Murray, 1944, page 309
460:10.1002/14356007.a12_169.pub3
290:Semi-water gas: Producer gas.
118:is produced. The reaction is
677:Paxman Suction Gas Producers
579:"Producer gas for transport"
515:. D. Van Nostrand Company.
415:History of manufactured gas
1085:
311:Other similar fuel gasses
921:
122:and proceeds as follows:
16:Obsolete form of gas fuel
607:Taylor, Sheila (2001).
965:Natural-gas processing
577:Staff (16 July 1941).
509:Latta, Nisbet (1910).
137:, +97,600 calories/mol
30:
727:Manufactured fuel gas
609:The Moving Metropolis
583:Parliamentary Debates
22:
233:: 1.3%; CO: 19.8%; H
970:Natural gas storage
331:hydrogen production
980:Pipeline transport
940:Compressor station
31:
28:wood gas generator
1051:
1050:
919:
918:
762:Blast furnace gas
745:Coal gasification
110:material such as
91:is produced in a
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1069:Industrial gases
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116:carbon monoxide
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50:carbon monoxide
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618:1-85669-241-8
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545:on 2008-12-26
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74:synthesis gas
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1021:Gas lighting
1006:Gas cylinder
792:Producer gas
791:
777:Landfill gas
772:Gasification
663:
656:
642:
636:
627:
608:
602:
590:. Retrieved
582:
572:
547:. Retrieved
543:the original
533:
524:
516:
511:
504:
495:
478:
451:
445:
405:Gasification
341:
340:
310:
273:
272:
264:
259:World War II
251:gas turbines
224:
189:
158:
124:
108:carbonaceous
101:
84:
78:
34:Producer gas
33:
32:
1043:Pilot light
1038:Gas turbine
945:Gas carrier
822:Natural gas
787:Pintsch gas
592:15 November
237:: 15.1%; CH
198:O + CO → CO
106:, or other
85:suction gas
1058:Categories
1026:Gas mantle
1016:Gas heater
1011:Gas engine
1001:Gas burner
950:Gas holder
549:2008-11-18
437:References
296:gas mantle
178:O + C → 2H
120:exothermic
112:anthracite
98:Production
1033:Gas stove
955:Gas meter
807:Water gas
425:Water gas
420:Pyrolysis
323:purified.
268:mercaptan
241:: 1.3%; N
229:: 5.8%; O
167:O + C → H
70:water gas
1064:Fuel gas
975:Odorizer
960:Gasworks
911:Hydrogen
812:Wood gas
782:Mond gas
767:Blau gas
740:Coal gas
713:Fuel gas
558:cite web
430:Wood gas
410:Gasifier
400:Fuel gas
377:See also
217:→ CO + H
93:gasifier
89:Wood gas
81:wood gas
62:nitrogen
54:hydrogen
38:fuel gas
895:Propane
885:Autogas
865:Bio-SNG
731:History
890:Butane
802:Syngas
757:Biogas
615:
466:
327:Syngas
147:2C + O
52:(CO),
904:Other
720:Types
487:(PDF)
129:C + O
989:Uses
845:HCNG
613:ISBN
594:2008
564:link
464:ISBN
182:+ CO
133:→ CO
104:coke
46:coal
42:coke
877:LPG
860:SNG
855:NGC
850:LNG
840:CNG
835:CBM
830:APG
456:doi
354:it.
247:tar
213:+ H
202:+ H
44:or
36:is
1060::
585:.
581:.
560:}}
556:{{
462:.
454:.
209:CO
174:2H
140:CO
64:(N
56:(H
733:)
729:(
705:e
698:t
691:v
621:.
596:.
566:)
552:.
489:.
472:.
458::
298:.
285:2
243:2
239:4
235:2
231:2
227:2
219:2
215:2
211:2
204:2
200:2
196:2
194:H
184:2
180:2
176:2
169:2
165:2
163:H
153:2
149:2
142:2
135:2
131:2
66:2
58:2
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