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The NEP ended the policy of grain requisitioning and introduced elements of capitalism and free trade into the Soviet economy." "The formal decree that introduced the NEP was called "On the replacement of prodrazvyorstka with prodnalog ". Under war communism and prodrazvyorstka, the amount of grain
603:
243:
Before prodrazverstka, Lenin's May 9, 1918 decree ("О продовольственной диктатуре") introduced the concept of "produce dictatorship". This and other subsequent decrees ordered the forced collection of foodstuffs, without any limitations, and used the
222:
controlled many of the traditional food-producing areas. Reserves of grain ran low, causing hunger among the urban population, from which the
Bolshevik government received its strongest support. In order to satisfy minimal food needs, the
356:
As the
Russian Civil War approached its end in the 1920s, prodrazverstka lost its actuality, but it had done much damage to the agricultural sector and had caused growing discontent among peasants. As the government switched to the
239:
believed that prodrazvyorstka was the only possible way - in the circumstances - to procure sufficient amounts of grain and other agricultural products for the population of the cities during the civil war.
279:
for
Provisions on the procedures of prodrazvyorstka (January 13, 1919), the number of different kinds of products designated for collection by the state was calculated on the basis of the data on each
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government introduced strict control over the food surpluses of prosperous rural households. Since many peasants were extremely unhappy with this policy and tried to resist it, they were branded as "
131:, refer to the partition of the requested total amount as obligations from the suppliers). This strategy often led to the deaths of many country-dwelling people, such as its involvement with the
186:, its transportation by railroads collapsed. Additionally, the food market was in disarray as fixed prices for government purchases were unattractive. A decree of November 29, 1916 signed by
456:
Practices of forcible grain requisitioning and monopolisation of supply distribution were intended to ensure minimum levels of food reached the Red Army and the starving cities.
334:) of grain and fodder in 1918–19, 212.5 million poods (3.48 million metric tons) in 1919–20, and 367 million poods (6.01 million metric tons) in 1920–21.
523:
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291:, villages, and then separate peasant households. The collection procedures were performed by the agencies of the People's Commissariat for Provisions and
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703:
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Climate
Dependence and Food Problems in Russia, 1900–1990: The Interaction of Climate and Agricultural Policy and Their Effect on Food Problems
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for various industries. Prodrazverstka left its mark on commodity-money relations, since the authorities had prohibited selling of bread and
283:'s areas under crops, crop capacity and the reserves of past years. Within each guberniia, the collection plan was broken down between
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introduced prodrazvyorstka throughout Soviet Russia on
January 11, 1919. The authorities extended the system to
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of the
Ministry of Agriculture introduced razverstka as the collection of grain for defense purposes. The
32:
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found itself cut off from the most important agricultural regions of the country - at this stage of the
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413:. Cambridge University Press. 568 p. (Cambridge Russian, Soviet and Post-Soviet Studies, Vol. 47).
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we could hold out — in a besieged fortress — only through the surplus-grain appropriation system
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Prodrazverstka allowed the Soviet government to solve the important problem of supplying the
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1916 saw a food crisis in the
Russian Empire. While the harvest was good in
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440:"War Communism | International Encyclopedia of the First World War (WW1)"
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Policy of food confiscation and redistribution in the early Soviet Union
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of the state and advocates of free "predatory", "speculative" trade.
295:(singular: продовольственный отряд, food brigades) with the help of
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of 1917 could not propose any incentives for peasants, and their
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government. However, Bolsheviks borrowed the idea from the grain
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Initially, prodrazverstka covered the collection of grain and
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requisitioned was decided on-the-spot by unit commanders.
645:. Vol. 32. Moscow: Progress Publishers. p. 289
624:, vol. 32, Moscow: Progress Publishers, p. 187
581:, Central European University Press, pp. 65, 66,
468:Llewelyn, Jennifer; et al. (4 December 2012).
666:This article includes content derived from the
275:in 1920. In accordance with the decree of the
551:"Bolshevik decree on food procurement (1918)"
73:
58:
8:
575:Dronin, Nikolai; Bellinger, Edward (2005),
446:. Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
369:in March 1921 replaced prodrazverstka with
341:and the urban population, and of providing
202:on grain sales failed to achieve its goal.
100:), alternatively referred to in English as
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608:(in Russian), RU: Kodeks, 14 February 1917
409:The Economic Organization of War Communism
326:, the authorities collected 107.9 million
116:according to specified quotas (the noun
31:
670:, 1969–1978, which is partially in the
524:"Instructions for Requisitioning Grain"
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388:Soviet grain procurement crisis of 1928
361:(New Economic Policy), a decree of the
146:The term is commonly associated with
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367:Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
528:Seventeen Moments in Soviet History
499:"Prodrazverstka | Encyclopedia.com"
112:products from peasants at nominal
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444:encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net
704:Agriculture in the Soviet Union
470:"The New Economic Policy (NEP)"
104:, was a policy and campaign of
192:Russian Provisional Government
154:when it was introduced by the
1:
699:Taxation in the Soviet Union
602:"г. session of State Duma",
174:World War I grain razverstka
137:Kazakh famines of 1919–1922
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69:[prədrɐˈzvʲɵrstkə]
36:"Grain requisitioning" by
668:Great Soviet Encyclopedia
549:alphahis (26 July 2019).
438:Peeling, Siobhan (2014).
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405:Silvana Malle (2002) ,
637:Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich
301:committees of the poor
210:In 1918 the center of
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383:Lenin's Hanging Order
277:People's Commissariat
206:Soviet prodrazverstka
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503:www.encyclopedia.com
395:of grain procurement
393:Ural-Siberian method
248:to accomplish this.
102:grain requisitioning
196:February Revolution
108:of grain and other
694:Soviet phraseology
620:Lenin, VI (1965),
555:Russian Revolution
474:Russian Revolution
299:(комитет бедноты,
180:Lower Volga Region
162:introduced in the
95:food apportionment
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78:овольственная
60:продразвёрстка
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719:Grain trade
332:metric tons
293:prodotriads
168:World War I
150:during the
118:razverstka,
683:Categories
425:References
400:Literature
324:statistics
160:razverstka
129:razverstat
125:развёрстка
80:развёрстка
649:10 August
605:Free Duma
411:1918–1921
371:prodnalog
281:guberniia
269:Turkestan
257:Sovnarkom
229:saboteurs
156:Bolshevik
141:1930–1933
133:Holodomor
639:(1977).
560:27 March
534:27 March
508:27 March
479:26 March
450:26 March
377:See also
339:Red Army
316:potatoes
246:Red Army
233:monopoly
365:of the
305:Soviets
297:kombeds
289:volosts
273:Siberia
265:Belarus
261:Ukraine
255:of the
184:Siberia
121:Russian
89:
48:, also
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417:
312:fodder
253:decree
225:Soviet
347:grain
328:poods
285:uezds
651:2020
583:ISBN
562:2023
536:2023
510:2023
481:2023
452:2023
415:ISBN
320:meat
318:and
271:and
263:and
218:the
139:and
135:and
86:lit.
76:прод
65:IPA:
359:NEP
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251:A
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