257:, as it denies the patient information that could have a great impact on his or her life. This would generally be seen as morally wrong. However, if the end of improving and maintaining health is given a moral priority in society, then it may be justifiable to contravene other moral demands in order to meet this goal. Separatism is based on a relativist conception of morality that there can be different, equally valid, moral codes that apply to different sections of society and differences in codes between societies. If
160:
that profession. Disciplinary codes allow the profession to define a standard of conduct and ensure that individual practitioners meet this standard, by disciplining them from the professional body if they do not practice accordingly. This allows those professionals who act with a conscience to practice in the knowledge that they will not be undermined commercially by those who have fewer ethical qualms. It also maintains the publicâs trust in the profession, encouraging the public to continue seeking their services.
1877:
51:
248:
for a profession should be consistent with the requirements of morality governing the public. Separatists argue that professions should be allowed to go beyond such confines when they judge it necessary. This is because they are trained to produce certain outcomes which may take moral precedence over
277:
are becoming more business-like in their expectations of the students. Although people have differing opinions about if it is effective, surveys state that it is the overall goal of the university administrators. Setting up a business-like atmosphere helps students get adjusted from a more relaxed
159:
Most professionals have internally enforced codes of practice that members of the profession must follow to prevent exploitation of the client and to preserve the integrity and reputation of the profession. This is not only for the benefit of the client but also for the benefit of those belonging to
172:
New UK research shows that lawyers âare sometimes too inclined to engage in professionally questionable, and potentially even illegal, actions without fully reflecting on the legal rules and interests engagedâ. It found the potential for the rule of law to be challenged by certain forms of lawyer
286:
Codes of conduct, such as the St. Xavier Code of
Conduct, are becoming more of a staple in the academic lives of students. While some of these rules are based solely on academics others are more in depth than in previous years, such as, detailing the level of respect expected towards staff and
228:
A business may approach a professional engineer to certify the safety of a project which is not safe. While one engineer may refuse to certify the project on moral grounds, the business may find a less scrupulous engineer who will be prepared to certify the project for a bribe, thus saving the
168:
In cases where professional bodies regulate their own ethics, there are possibilities for such bodies to become self-serving and fail to follow their own ethical code when dealing with renegade members. This is particularly true of professions in which they have almost a complete monopoly on a
221:. Though, if a doctor helps and makes a mistake that is considered negligent and unethical, there could be egregious repercussions. An untrained person would only be considered to be negligent for failing to act if they did nothing at all to help and is protected by the
209:, though, they are responsible for attempting to get help for the victim. This is because they do not have the relevant knowledge and experience. In contrast, a fully trained doctor (with the correct equipment) would be capable of making the correct
249:
other functions of society. For example, it could be argued that a doctor may lie to a patient about the severity of his or her condition if there is reason to believe that telling the patient would cause so much distress that it would be
91:
Professionals and those working in acknowledged professions exercise specialist knowledge and skill. How the use of this knowledge should be governed when providing a service to the public can be considered a moral issue and is termed
294:
apply while attending the schools at home, but also while studying abroad. Schools also implement a code of conduct for international study abroad programs which carry over many of the same rules found in most student handbooks.
387:
169:
particular area of knowledge. For example, until recently, the
English courts deferred to the professional consensus on matters relating to their practice that lay outside case law and legislation.
76:
The word professionalism originally applied to vows of a religious order. By no later than the year 1675, the term had seen secular application and was applied to the three learned professions:
1670:
261:
is ascribed to, then this would be inconsistent with the view that professions can have a different moral code, as the universalist holds that there is only one valid moral code for all.
384:
664:
1646:
403:
441:
426:
Ruth
Chadwick (1998). Professional Ethics. In E. Craig (Ed.), Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. London: Routledge. Retrieved October 20, 2006, from
1678:
236:, they call this the "Ethics Hotline", though it is unclear whether firms such as Citi take offences reported to these hotlines seriously or not.
631:
494:
350:
467:
1694:
115:
Some professional organizations may define their ethical approach in terms of a number of discrete components. Typically these include
232:
Some corporations have tried to burnish their ethical image by creating whistle-blower protections, such as anonymity. In the case of
794:
605:
706:
213:
and carrying out appropriate procedures. Failure of a doctor to help at all in such a situation would generally be regarded as
41:
1662:
1479:
896:
31:
1901:
1726:
1686:
1599:
438:
1358:
591:
355:
278:
nature, like high school, towards what will be expected of them in the business world upon graduating from college.
1654:
410:
1845:
1861:
1348:
1005:
761:
136:
345:
124:
1906:
1338:
939:
891:
491:
427:
173:
conduct was âwidespread and significantâ. Recent events (2023) in the USA seem to reflect similar issues.
1718:
1710:
1638:
1594:
956:
951:
846:
658:
365:
193:
in
England and Wales. Failure to comply with these standards can thus become a matter for the courts.
1835:
1499:
975:
965:
946:
924:
886:
824:
736:
699:
635:
201:
For example, a lay member of the public should not be held responsible for failing to act to save a
1805:
1766:
1742:
1609:
1529:
1509:
1484:
1454:
746:
269:
As attending college after high school graduation becomes a standard in the lives of young people,
206:
181:
In many countries there is some statutory regulation of professional ethical standards such as the
1800:
1795:
1630:
1569:
1439:
1027:
934:
919:
871:
819:
679:
One Woman's True
Account of Sexual and Drug Abuse and Near Death at the Hands of Her Psychiatrist
573:
565:
509:
Michael Davis, âThinking like an
Engineerâ in Philosophy and Public Affairs, 20.2 (1991) page 158
340:
315:
258:
222:
1855:
1840:
1830:
1810:
1559:
1390:
1293:
1283:
1012:
970:
519:
335:
88:. The term professionalism was also used for the military profession around this same time.
1825:
1750:
1734:
1564:
1549:
1494:
1273:
1055:
1022:
1017:
914:
814:
751:
731:
723:
557:
100:
59:
55:
1880:
1614:
1353:
1308:
1268:
1216:
1161:
1151:
1075:
1050:
1032:
985:
876:
809:
804:
692:
445:
391:
360:
310:
291:
132:
120:
609:
1850:
1604:
1504:
1489:
1464:
1459:
1343:
1233:
1171:
1090:
1080:
1070:
980:
861:
856:
841:
781:
766:
741:
330:
325:
182:
128:
17:
1895:
1534:
1474:
1424:
1263:
1201:
1186:
1085:
1000:
929:
881:
789:
771:
577:
498:
1815:
1758:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1554:
1524:
1258:
1131:
1065:
1060:
995:
851:
836:
320:
305:
274:
245:
70:
1514:
1318:
1095:
756:
492:
The
Bristol Royal Infirmary inquiry-Professional regulation - nursing: the UKCC
250:
1574:
1544:
1539:
1519:
1469:
1380:
1238:
1181:
1141:
1136:
906:
829:
50:
1790:
1702:
1434:
1414:
1313:
1223:
1196:
1176:
1121:
990:
799:
456:
Margaret
Brazier, ââMedicine, Patients and the Lawââ, Penguin, 1987 page 147
233:
218:
214:
210:
202:
104:
1820:
1785:
1419:
1404:
1328:
1323:
1288:
1278:
1191:
1126:
1100:
270:
254:
85:
77:
548:
Gewirth, Alan (Jan 1986). "Professional Ethics: The
Separatist Thesis".
1444:
1333:
1298:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1156:
1146:
569:
428:
https://www.rep.routledge.com/articles/thematic/professional-ethics/v-1
190:
186:
148:
140:
116:
69:
encompass the personal and corporate standards of behavior expected of
225:
if they unintentionally caused more damage and possible loss of life.
1429:
1370:
1303:
1228:
1105:
715:
665:
Joseph, J. (2007). Ethics in the
Workplace. Retrieved August 16, 2009
385:
Royal Institute of British Architects - Code of professional conduct
561:
468:"Some lawyers' conduct poses "significant risk to the rule of law""
1409:
1399:
253:
to his or her health. This would be a disrespect of the patient's
144:
40:"Professional Misconduct" redirects here. For the 2023 album, see
1449:
1365:
1211:
1206:
1166:
688:
1375:
472:
Legal Futures: Market Intelligence for Law Firms of the Future
81:
1671:
An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation
99:
One of the earliest examples of professional ethics is the
684:
244:
On a theoretical level, there is debate as to whether an
27:
Principles and rules which guide professional activity
659:
Values, morals, and ethics. Retrieved August 16, 2009
1778:
1623:
1389:
1114:
1043:
905:
780:
722:
592:"Are Colleges Preparing Students For The Workplace"
205:victim because they could not give an appropriate
677:.: Explanatory subtitle on book's dust cover:
669:Walker, Evelyn, and Perry Deane Young (1986).
700:
8:
1647:Fifteen Sermons Preached at the Rolls Chapel
520:"Citi | Investor Relations | Ethics Hotline"
707:
693:
685:
543:
541:
539:
673:. New York: H. Holt and Co. xiv, 338 p.
49:
1679:Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals
377:
351:Professional negligence in English Law
229:business the expense of redesigning.
7:
1695:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
439:Professional and Ethical Standards
25:
1876:
1875:
466:Rose, Neil (30 November 2023).
1663:The Theory of Moral Sentiments
1033:Value monism â Value pluralism
1:
1727:On the Genealogy of Morality
1687:Critique of Practical Reason
404:"Professionalism and Ethics"
356:Professional responsibility
1923:
1655:A Treatise of Human Nature
107:still adhere to this day.
39:
29:
1871:
1006:Universal prescriptivism
30:Not to be confused with
795:Artificial intelligence
346:Professional boundaries
43:Professional Misconduct
18:Professional misconduct
63:
1719:The Methods of Ethics
957:Divine command theory
952:Ideal observer theory
606:"SXU Code of Conduct"
366:Regulatory compliance
223:"Good Samaritan" laws
53:
1836:Political philosophy
177:Statutory regulation
145:obedience to the law
1902:Professional ethics
1806:Evolutionary ethics
1767:Reasons and Persons
1743:A Theory of Justice
897:Uncertain sentience
594:. 26 February 2014.
207:emergency treatment
164:Internal regulation
94:professional ethics
67:Professional ethics
33:Professional Ethics
1801:Ethics in religion
1796:Descriptive ethics
1631:Nicomachean Ethics
444:2011-12-16 at the
390:2013-06-18 at the
341:Professional abuse
316:Engineering ethics
259:moral universalism
64:
58:manuscript of the
1889:
1888:
1856:Social philosophy
1841:Population ethics
1831:Philosophy of law
1811:History of ethics
1294:Political freedom
971:Euthyphro dilemma
762:Suffering-focused
632:"Student Conduct"
524:www.citigroup.com
336:Outline of ethics
103:to which medical
16:(Redirected from
1914:
1879:
1878:
1826:Moral psychology
1771:
1763:
1755:
1751:Practical Ethics
1747:
1739:
1735:Principia Ethica
1731:
1723:
1715:
1707:
1699:
1691:
1683:
1675:
1667:
1659:
1651:
1643:
1639:Ethics (Spinoza)
1635:
1274:Moral imperative
732:Consequentialism
709:
702:
695:
686:
647:
646:
644:
643:
634:. Archived from
628:
622:
621:
619:
617:
608:. Archived from
602:
596:
595:
588:
582:
581:
545:
534:
533:
531:
530:
516:
510:
507:
501:
489:
483:
482:
480:
478:
463:
457:
454:
448:
436:
430:
424:
418:
417:
415:
409:. Archived from
408:
400:
394:
382:
292:codes of conduct
282:Codes of conduct
183:statutory bodies
101:Hippocratic oath
60:Hippocratic oath
21:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1911:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1867:
1774:
1769:
1761:
1753:
1745:
1737:
1729:
1721:
1713:
1705:
1697:
1689:
1681:
1673:
1665:
1657:
1649:
1641:
1633:
1619:
1392:
1385:
1309:Self-discipline
1269:Moral hierarchy
1217:Problem of evil
1162:Double standard
1152:Culture of life
1110:
1039:
986:Non-cognitivism
901:
776:
718:
713:
655:
653:Further reading
650:
641:
639:
630:
629:
625:
615:
613:
612:on 4 March 2016
604:
603:
599:
590:
589:
585:
547:
546:
537:
528:
526:
518:
517:
513:
508:
504:
490:
486:
476:
474:
465:
464:
460:
455:
451:
446:Wayback Machine
437:
433:
425:
421:
413:
406:
402:
401:
397:
392:Wayback Machine
383:
379:
375:
370:
361:Professionalism
311:Business ethics
301:
284:
267:
242:
199:
179:
166:
157:
133:confidentiality
121:trustworthiness
113:
54:A 12th-century
48:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1920:
1918:
1910:
1909:
1904:
1894:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1865:
1858:
1853:
1851:Secular ethics
1848:
1846:Rehabilitation
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1772:
1764:
1756:
1748:
1740:
1732:
1724:
1716:
1711:Utilitarianism
1708:
1700:
1692:
1684:
1676:
1668:
1660:
1652:
1644:
1636:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1396:
1394:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1071:Existentialist
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
983:
978:
973:
968:
966:Constructivism
963:
962:
961:
960:
959:
954:
944:
943:
942:
940:Non-naturalism
937:
922:
917:
911:
909:
903:
902:
900:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
833:
832:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
786:
784:
778:
777:
775:
774:
769:
767:Utilitarianism
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
728:
726:
720:
719:
714:
712:
711:
704:
697:
689:
683:
682:
681:. Without ISBN
671:A Killing Cure
667:
662:
654:
651:
649:
648:
623:
597:
583:
562:10.1086/292747
556:(2): 282â300.
535:
511:
502:
497:2012-07-29 at
484:
458:
449:
431:
419:
416:on 2016-07-05.
395:
376:
374:
371:
369:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
331:Nursing ethics
328:
326:Medical ethics
323:
318:
313:
308:
302:
300:
297:
283:
280:
266:
265:Student ethics
263:
241:
238:
198:
195:
185:that regulate
178:
175:
165:
162:
156:
155:Implementation
153:
129:accountability
112:
109:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1919:
1908:
1907:Social ethics
1905:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1882:
1874:
1873:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1777:
1768:
1765:
1760:
1757:
1752:
1749:
1744:
1741:
1736:
1733:
1728:
1725:
1720:
1717:
1712:
1709:
1704:
1701:
1696:
1693:
1688:
1685:
1680:
1677:
1672:
1669:
1664:
1661:
1656:
1653:
1648:
1645:
1640:
1637:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1388:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1264:Moral courage
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1203:
1202:Good and evil
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1187:Family values
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1007:
1004:
1002:
1001:Quasi-realism
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
988:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
958:
955:
953:
950:
949:
948:
945:
941:
938:
936:
933:
932:
931:
928:
927:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
912:
910:
908:
904:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
831:
828:
827:
826:
825:Environmental
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
787:
785:
783:
779:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
747:Particularism
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
729:
727:
725:
721:
717:
710:
705:
703:
698:
696:
691:
690:
687:
680:
676:
672:
668:
666:
663:
660:
657:
656:
652:
638:on 2015-09-06
637:
633:
627:
624:
611:
607:
601:
598:
593:
587:
584:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
544:
542:
540:
536:
525:
521:
515:
512:
506:
503:
500:
499:archive.today
496:
493:
488:
485:
473:
469:
462:
459:
453:
450:
447:
443:
440:
435:
432:
429:
423:
420:
412:
405:
399:
396:
393:
389:
386:
381:
378:
372:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
303:
298:
296:
293:
288:
281:
279:
276:
272:
264:
262:
260:
256:
252:
247:
239:
237:
235:
230:
226:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
196:
194:
192:
188:
184:
176:
174:
170:
163:
161:
154:
152:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
110:
108:
106:
102:
97:
95:
89:
87:
83:
79:
74:
72:
71:professionals
68:
61:
57:
52:
46:
44:
36:
34:
19:
1860:
1816:Human rights
1759:After Virtue
1485:Schopenhauer
1259:Moral agency
1132:Common sense
1028:Universalism
996:Expressivism
976:Intuitionism
947:Subjectivism
892:Terraforming
867:Professional
866:
678:
674:
670:
640:. Retrieved
636:the original
626:
614:. Retrieved
610:the original
600:
586:
553:
549:
527:. Retrieved
523:
514:
505:
487:
475:. Retrieved
471:
461:
452:
434:
422:
411:the original
398:
380:
321:Legal ethics
306:Ethical code
290:Not only do
289:
285:
275:universities
268:
246:ethical code
243:
231:
227:
200:
180:
171:
167:
158:
125:transparency
114:
98:
93:
90:
75:
66:
65:
42:
32:
1634:(c. 322 BC)
1500:Kierkegaard
1319:Stewardship
1096:Rousseauian
1013:Rationalism
925:Cognitivism
872:Programming
847:Meat eating
820:Engineering
616:12 February
251:detrimental
137:objectivity
1896:Categories
1530:Bonhoeffer
1239:Immorality
1182:Eudaimonia
1142:Conscience
1137:Compassion
1023:Skepticism
1018:Relativism
935:Naturalism
915:Absolutism
887:Technology
737:Deontology
642:2015-09-27
529:2020-06-15
477:2 December
373:References
287:gambling.
240:Separatism
111:Components
1791:Casuistry
1703:Either/Or
1610:Korsgaard
1605:Azurmendi
1570:MacIntyre
1510:Nietzsche
1440:Augustine
1435:Confucius
1415:Aristotle
1391:Ethicists
1349:Intrinsic
1314:Suffering
1224:Happiness
1197:Free will
1177:Etiquette
1122:Authority
1066:Epicurean
1061:Confucian
1056:Christian
991:Emotivism
815:Discourse
752:Pragmatic
724:Normative
578:143777363
219:unethical
215:negligent
211:diagnosis
203:car crash
191:midwifery
56:Byzantine
35:(journal)
1881:Category
1821:Ideology
1786:Axiology
1615:Nussbaum
1565:Frankena
1560:Anscombe
1550:Williams
1505:Sidgwick
1425:Valluvar
1420:Diogenes
1405:Socrates
1329:Theodicy
1324:Sympathy
1289:Pacifism
1279:Morality
1192:Fidelity
1172:Equality
1127:Autonomy
1115:Concepts
1076:Feminist
1051:Buddhist
981:Nihilism
920:Axiology
877:Research
810:Computer
805:Business
495:Archived
442:Archived
388:Archived
299:See also
271:colleges
255:autonomy
197:Examples
86:medicine
78:divinity
1779:Related
1525:Tillich
1490:Bentham
1465:Spinoza
1460:Aquinas
1445:Mencius
1359:Western
1334:Torture
1299:Precept
1254:Loyalty
1249:Liberty
1244:Justice
1157:Dignity
1147:Consent
1091:Kantian
1081:Islamic
1044:Schools
930:Realism
862:Nursing
857:Medical
842:Machine
782:Applied
570:2381378
187:nursing
149:loyalty
141:respect
117:honesty
105:doctors
45:(album)
1770:(1984)
1762:(1981)
1754:(1979)
1746:(1971)
1738:(1903)
1730:(1887)
1722:(1874)
1714:(1861)
1706:(1843)
1698:(1820)
1690:(1788)
1682:(1785)
1674:(1780)
1666:(1759)
1658:(1740)
1650:(1726)
1642:(1677)
1600:Taylor
1585:Parfit
1580:Singer
1555:Mackie
1430:Cicero
1371:Virtue
1304:Rights
1229:Honour
1086:Jewish
882:Sexual
790:Animal
772:Virtue
716:Ethics
576:
568:
550:Ethics
147:, and
84:, and
1862:Index
1624:Works
1595:Adams
1590:Nagel
1545:Dewey
1540:Rawls
1520:Barth
1515:Moore
1480:Hegel
1455:Xunzi
1410:Plato
1400:Laozi
1381:Wrong
1354:Japan
1344:Value
1339:Trust
1234:Ideal
1101:Stoic
852:Media
837:Legal
574:S2CID
566:JSTOR
414:(PDF)
407:(PDF)
1575:Hare
1535:Foot
1495:Mill
1475:Kant
1470:Hume
1450:Mozi
1366:Vice
1284:Norm
1212:Evil
1207:Good
1167:Duty
907:Meta
830:Land
757:Role
742:Care
618:2016
479:2023
273:and
234:Citi
217:and
189:and
1376:Vow
1106:Tao
800:Bio
675:N.B
558:doi
96:".
82:law
1898::
572:.
564:.
554:96
552:.
538:^
522:.
470:.
151:.
143:,
139:,
135:,
131:,
127:,
123:,
119:,
80:,
73:.
708:e
701:t
694:v
661:,
645:.
620:.
580:.
560::
532:.
481:.
92:"
62:.
47:.
37:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.