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430:
438:
51:
357:
proposed to use these secondary rays to generate tertiary ones and prove the existence of polarization by rotating the detecting part of experimental apparatus. Tertiary radiation turned out to be too feeble to measure, so Barkla had to work out a similar, but different setup. On it he was able to
680:
388:, the principles governing the transmission of X-rays through matter, and especially the principles of the excitation of secondary X-rays. For his discovery of the characteristic X-rays of elements, Barkla was awarded the
2898:
745:
323:(discoverer of the electron). During his first two years at Cambridge, under the directions of Thomson, Barkla studied the velocity of electromagnetic waves along wires of different widths and materials.
470:
A plaque exists on Barkla's house at
Hermitage of Braid in Edinburgh. A commemorative plaque has been installed in the vicinity of the Canongate, near the Faculty of Education Buildings, at the
2638:
2868:
1127:
519:
2858:
363:
2863:
698:
486:
was named in his honour, following a competition run by the local newspaper. In Widnes they have a
Retirement housing Complex named Barkla Fields after Charles.
2853:
178:
312:
730:
349:
from gases radiated by other X-rays, developing a new experimental setup. This topic was relevant to the question whether X-rays were indeed a type of
2848:
2711:
1192:
668:
Barkla had an excellent voice (said to be either baritone or bass according to various biographers) which drew crowds for his solo performances.
2631:
2883:
2741:
331:
1120:
296:
with a County
Council Scholarship and a Bibby Scholarship. Barkla initially studied Mathematics but later specialised in Physics under Sir
2888:
1136:
943:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2624:
2908:
2903:
1113:
478:'s Physics department, as well as a Biophysics laboratory in the Biological science department, are named after him. In 2012 a
859:
Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical or Physical Character
2677:
1244:
1095:
661:
618:
790:
358:
prove that X-rays can indeed be polarized and, thus, are electromagnetic. He published a brief summary of his findings in
285:, England, to John Martin Barkla, a secretary for the Atlas Chemical Company, and Sarah Glover, daughter of a watchmaker.
1035:
2376:
2300:
1327:
327:
289:
173:
135:
127:
2893:
2878:
2873:
1402:
705:
247:
2019:
1784:
304:
250:
131:
334:. Barkla's voice was of remarkable beauty and his solo performances were always fully attended. He completed his
2673:
2187:
350:
892:
Wynne, Brian (1976), "C. G. Barkla and the J Phenomenon: A Case Study in the
Treatment of Deviance in Physics",
2913:
2657:
2147:
2095:
1943:
429:
308:
1090:
370:
214:
411:
but other scientists were not persuaded that this was a different mechanism from other known effects such as
2761:
2215:
2203:
2127:
1999:
1561:
1410:
1351:
503:
475:
471:
378:
342:
degree in 1907. He married Mary Esther Cowell in the same year, with whom he had two sons and one daughter.
218:
210:
206:
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2231:
2199:
1860:
1676:
1569:
1268:
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389:
258:
163:
625:
Barkla studied experimental physics under Oliver Lodge, for whom he occasionally substituted as lecturer.
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2492:
2308:
2179:
2111:
2023:
1959:
2843:
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2408:
2340:
1995:
1756:
1628:
1492:
1449:
1390:
1236:
316:
293:
153:
2444:
2320:
1939:
1816:
1776:
1736:
1480:
1476:
1371:
1288:
1216:
2692:
2476:
2268:
2211:
2155:
2143:
2099:
2043:
2035:
1955:
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1005:
997:
917:
909:
544:
536:
412:
408:
385:
374:
354:
262:
149:
2604:
2227:
1156:
653:
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610:
604:
437:
326:
After a year and a half at
Trinity College, Cambridge, his love of music led him to transfer to
1100:
1059:
1022:
2703:
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2432:
2380:
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2292:
2288:
2284:
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2167:
2119:
2115:
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2011:
1987:
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1900:
1768:
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1732:
1545:
1441:
1232:
967:
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874:
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724:
657:
614:
585:
2568:
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2183:
2171:
2087:
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1832:
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1724:
1716:
1668:
1577:
1488:
1418:
1224:
989:
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866:
828:
760:
575:
528:
359:
335:
145:
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2588:
2552:
2416:
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2135:
2083:
2059:
1975:
1967:
1904:
1876:
1792:
1696:
1508:
1335:
1176:
1164:
1105:
464:
384:
Barkla made significant progress in developing and refining the laws of X-ray scattering,
31:
1712:
1260:
300:. During the absence of Oliver Lodge due to ill health, Barkla replaced him in lectures.
1080:
17:
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2388:
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2159:
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1800:
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1359:
1319:
1284:
1200:
339:
580:
563:
50:
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2600:
2548:
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2516:
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2456:
2436:
2420:
2392:
2324:
2103:
2067:
1951:
1888:
1836:
1772:
1752:
1688:
1648:
1636:
1616:
1585:
1208:
1168:
921:
397:
320:
270:
228:
1009:
548:
2584:
2580:
2536:
2504:
2500:
2352:
2336:
2031:
2003:
1983:
1872:
1852:
1844:
1672:
1593:
1500:
1367:
1276:
1252:
1180:
461:
393:
297:
232:
168:
1036:"The Barkla X-ray Laboratory of Biophysics - Biophysics - University of Liverpool"
2648:
2532:
2448:
2360:
2316:
2276:
2055:
2051:
1971:
1884:
1856:
1656:
1624:
1426:
1184:
905:
753:
The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin
Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science
2508:
2424:
2404:
2247:
2195:
1808:
1744:
1700:
1537:
1453:
1343:
1311:
1039:
764:
369:
In 1913, after having worked at the
Universities of Cambridge, Liverpool, and
82:
2616:
878:
840:
772:
1896:
1868:
1704:
854:
786:
446:
254:
102:
993:
870:
816:
532:
589:
418:
From 1922 to 1938 he lived at
Hermitage of Braid in south-west Edinburgh.
1644:
1075:
106:
479:
196:
1001:
913:
540:
1096:
his discovery of the characteristic Röntgen radiation of the elements
832:
483:
282:
78:
404:
346:
266:
2620:
1109:
2899:
People educated at
Liverpool Institute High School for Boys
403:
Barkla proposed the J-phenomenon as a hypothetical form of
980:
Allen, H. S. (1947). "Charles Glover Barkla. 1877-1944".
517:
Allen, H. S. (1947). "Charles Glover Barkla. 1877-1944".
1025:, Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography (2008)
970:(2007), University of St Andrews, Scotland. JOC/EFR.
2740:
2721:
2702:
2672:
2656:
2257:
1914:
1603:
1381:
1147:
791:"Barkla shows that x-rays have polarization (1905)"
224:
202:
192:
159:
141:
123:
115:
90:
60:
41:
30:"Barkla" redirects here. For the lunar crater, see
746:"Secondary radiation from gases subject to X-rays"
381:in 1913, a position that he held until his death.
362:in March 1904 and a more detailed account in the
1062:Physics World Volume 25 Number 02, February 2012
982:Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society
520:Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society
364:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
253:(7 June 1877 – 23 October 1944) was a British
2632:
1121:
8:
467:was named in the honour of Charles Barkla.
649:Notable Scientists from 1900 to the Present
606:Notable Scientists from 1900 to the Present
313:Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851
2639:
2625:
2617:
1128:
1114:
1106:
1084:including the Nobel Lecture, June 3, 1920
1079:
38:
579:
474:. Additionally, a lecture theatre at the
451:"part of the quest for God, the Creator".
421:He died in Edinburgh on 23 October 1944.
373:, Barkla was appointed as a Professor of
2869:Academics of the University of Edinburgh
2712:International Committee of the Red Cross
436:
433:Plaque to C G Barkla, Hermitage of Braid
428:
495:
966:School of Mathematics and Statistics.
936:Science and the Sociology of Knowledge
729:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
722:
415:and so the theory was not successful.
353:as many physicists suspected, because
7:
2854:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
957:Plaque to Barkla, Hermitage of Braid
681:"Barkla, Charles Glover (BRKL899CG)"
2859:Alumni of King's College, Cambridge
562:Shampo, M. A.; Kyle, R. A. (1993).
2864:Academics of King's College London
265:and related areas in the study of
25:
815:Barkla, Charles G. (March 1904).
392:in 1917. He was also awarded the
1086:Characteristic Röntgen Radiation
744:Barkla, Charles G. (June 1903).
564:"Charles Barkla--Nobel Laureate"
49:
2849:20th-century British physicists
652:, vol. A–C, Gale, p.
609:, vol. A–C, Gale, p.
303:In 1899 Barkla was admitted to
817:"Polarisation in Röntgen Rays"
636:1851 Royal Commission Archives
449:and considered his work to be
445:A religious man, Barkla was a
1:
1101:Biography at Encyclopedia.com
855:"Polarised röntgen radiation"
581:10.1016/s0025-6196(12)60068-8
441:Hermitage of Braid, Edinburgh
345:In 1903 he studied secondary
338:degree in 1903, and then his
27:English physicist (1877–1944)
2884:Fellows of the Royal Society
330:, in order to sing in their
128:University College Liverpool
685:A Cambridge Alumni Database
179:Fellow of the Royal Society
2930:
2889:Nobel laureates in Physics
906:10.1177/030631277600600303
865:(372–386): 467–479. 1905.
687:. University of Cambridge.
305:Trinity College, Cambridge
132:Trinity College, Cambridge
29:
2756:
938:, Routledge, p. 79,
894:Social Studies of Science
765:10.1080/14786440309462976
482:in Barkla's home town of
351:electromagnetic radiation
328:King's College, Cambridge
238:
185:
136:King's College, Cambridge
48:
1060:"A gritter named Barkla"
309:1851 Research Fellowship
261:in 1917 for his work in
257:, and the winner of the
18:Professor Charles Barkla
2909:British Nobel laureates
2904:English Nobel laureates
968:"Charles Glover Barkla"
934:Michael Mulkay (2014),
646:Brigham Narins (2001),
603:Brigham Narins (2001),
568:Mayo Clinic Proceedings
504:"Charles Glover Barkla"
476:University of Liverpool
472:University of Edinburgh
379:University of Edinburgh
219:University of Edinburgh
211:University of Liverpool
207:University of Cambridge
2762:Nobel Prize recipients
2742:Physiology or Medicine
1141:Nobel Prize in Physics
994:10.1098/rsbm.1947.0004
871:10.1098/rsta.1905.0013
533:10.1098/rsbm.1947.0004
442:
434:
390:Nobel Prize in Physics
288:Barkla studied at the
259:Nobel Prize in Physics
164:Nobel Prize in Physics
2731:Charles Glover Barkla
2687:Karl Adolph Gjellerup
1076:Charles Glover Barkla
1023:Charles Glover Barkla
440:
432:
407:behaviour similar to
371:King's College London
245:Charles Glover Barkla
215:King's College London
65:Charles Glover Barkla
711:on 19 September 2015
319:under the physicist
317:Cavendish Laboratory
294:Liverpool University
154:Characteristic X-ray
1042:on 10 November 2013
795:Skulls in the Stars
290:Liverpool Institute
281:Barkla was born in
2894:People from Widnes
2879:English Methodists
2874:English physicists
2693:Henrik Pontoppidan
1078:on Nobelprize.org
456:Public recognition
443:
435:
413:Compton scattering
409:X-ray fluorescence
386:X-ray spectroscopy
375:Natural Philosophy
355:Lionel Wilberforce
263:X-ray spectroscopy
150:X-ray spectroscopy
2826:
2825:
2614:
2613:
827:(1794): 463–463.
315:, to work in the
292:and proceeded to
242:
241:
225:Academic advisors
187:Scientific career
16:(Redirected from
2921:
2764:
2641:
2634:
2627:
2618:
2607:
2591:
2575:
2559:
2543:
2527:
2511:
2495:
2479:
2467:
2451:
2439:
2427:
2411:
2399:
2383:
2367:
2355:
2343:
2327:
2311:
2295:
2279:
2250:
2234:
2222:
2206:
2190:
2174:
2162:
2150:
2138:
2130:
2122:
2106:
2090:
2074:
2062:
2046:
2038:
2026:
2014:
2006:
1990:
1978:
1962:
1946:
1930:
1907:
1891:
1879:
1863:
1847:
1839:
1827:
1819:
1811:
1803:
1795:
1779:
1763:
1747:
1739:
1727:
1719:
1707:
1691:
1679:
1663:
1651:
1639:
1631:
1619:
1596:
1588:
1580:
1572:
1564:
1556:
1548:
1540:
1532:
1531:
1525:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1511:
1503:
1495:
1483:
1471:
1463:
1462:
1456:
1444:
1436:
1435:
1429:
1421:
1413:
1405:
1393:
1374:
1362:
1354:
1346:
1338:
1330:
1322:
1314:
1306:
1298:
1297:
1291:
1279:
1271:
1269:Kamerlingh Onnes
1263:
1255:
1247:
1239:
1227:
1219:
1211:
1203:
1195:
1187:
1171:
1159:
1130:
1123:
1116:
1107:
1083:
1063:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1047:
1038:. Archived from
1032:
1026:
1020:
1014:
1013:
977:
971:
964:
958:
955:
949:
948:
931:
925:
924:
900:(3/4): 307–347,
889:
883:
882:
851:
845:
844:
833:10.1038/069463a0
812:
806:
805:
803:
801:
783:
777:
776:
750:
741:
735:
734:
728:
720:
718:
716:
710:
704:. Archived from
703:
695:
689:
688:
677:
671:
670:
643:
637:
634:
628:
627:
600:
594:
593:
583:
559:
553:
552:
514:
508:
507:
500:
400:that same year.
336:Bachelor of Arts
146:X-ray scattering
110:
109:, United Kingdom
97:
74:
72:
53:
39:
21:
2929:
2928:
2924:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2914:Spectroscopists
2829:
2828:
2827:
2822:
2760:
2752:
2736:
2733:(Great Britain)
2717:
2698:
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2358:
2346:
2330:
2314:
2298:
2282:
2266:
2259:
2253:
2237:
2225:
2209:
2200:Cohen-Tannoudji
2193:
2177:
2165:
2153:
2141:
2133:
2125:
2109:
2093:
2077:
2065:
2049:
2041:
2029:
2017:
2009:
1993:
1981:
1965:
1949:
1933:
1921:
1910:
1894:
1882:
1866:
1850:
1842:
1830:
1822:
1814:
1806:
1798:
1782:
1766:
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1742:
1730:
1722:
1710:
1694:
1682:
1666:
1654:
1642:
1634:
1622:
1610:
1599:
1591:
1583:
1575:
1567:
1559:
1551:
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1535:
1529:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1506:
1498:
1486:
1474:
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1424:
1416:
1408:
1396:
1388:
1377:
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1357:
1349:
1341:
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1325:
1317:
1309:
1301:
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1222:
1214:
1206:
1198:
1190:
1174:
1162:
1154:
1143:
1134:
1072:
1067:
1066:
1058:
1054:
1045:
1043:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1021:
1017:
988:(15): 341–366.
979:
978:
974:
965:
961:
956:
952:
946:
933:
932:
928:
891:
890:
886:
853:
852:
848:
814:
813:
809:
799:
797:
789:(6 June 2009).
785:
784:
780:
759:(30): 685–698.
748:
743:
742:
738:
721:
714:
712:
708:
701:
699:"Archived copy"
697:
696:
692:
679:
678:
674:
664:
645:
644:
640:
635:
631:
621:
602:
601:
597:
561:
560:
556:
527:(15): 341–366.
516:
515:
511:
502:
501:
497:
492:
458:
427:
396:of the British
279:
231:
217:
213:
209:
177:
172:
167:
152:
148:
134:
130:
124:Alma mater
111:
101:
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95:
94:23 October 1944
86:
76:
70:
68:
67:
66:
56:
44:
35:
32:Barkla (crater)
28:
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15:
12:
11:
5:
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2151:
2139:
2131:
2123:
2107:
2091:
2075:
2063:
2047:
2039:
2027:
2015:
2007:
1991:
1979:
1963:
1947:
1936:P. W. Anderson
1931:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1908:
1892:
1880:
1864:
1848:
1840:
1828:
1820:
1812:
1804:
1796:
1780:
1764:
1757:Goeppert Mayer
1748:
1740:
1728:
1720:
1708:
1692:
1680:
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1640:
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1620:
1607:
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1598:
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1589:
1581:
1573:
1565:
1557:
1549:
1541:
1533:
1526:
1519:
1512:
1504:
1496:
1484:
1481:C. D. Anderson
1472:
1464:
1457:
1445:
1437:
1430:
1422:
1414:
1406:
1394:
1385:
1383:
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1307:
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1264:
1256:
1248:
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233:Oliver Lodge
203:Institutions
186:
169:Hughes Medal
96:(1944-10-23)
36:
2844:1944 deaths
2839:1877 births
2649:Nobel Prize
2088:Steinberger
2004:K. Siegbahn
1996:Bloembergen
1717:Chamberlain
1450:Schrödinger
1360:M. Siegbahn
1289:W. H. Bragg
1285:W. L. Bragg
116:Nationality
75:7 June 1877
2833:Categories
2674:Literature
2605:L'Huillier
2569:Hasselmann
2525:Strickland
2493:Kosterlitz
2417:Perlmutter
2156:Brockhouse
1861:Schrieffer
1733:Hofstadter
1685:C. N. Yang
1442:Heisenberg
1419:De Broglie
1046:2014-01-03
663:0787617520
620:0787617520
490:References
307:, with an
83:Lancashire
71:1877-06-07
2695:(Denmark)
2689:(Denmark)
2658:Chemistry
2651:laureates
2589:Zeilinger
2409:Novoselov
2377:Kobayashi
2301:Abrikosov
2148:J. Taylor
2128:de Gennes
2120:R. Taylor
2012:K. Wilson
1960:R. Wilson
1944:Van Vleck
1915:1976–2000
1905:Rainwater
1901:Mottelson
1877:Josephson
1825:Gell-Mann
1789:Schwinger
1777:Prokhorov
1737:Mössbauer
1697:Cherenkov
1689:T. D. Lee
1613:Cockcroft
1604:1951–1975
1403:C. Wilson
1382:1926–1950
1328:Guillaume
1217:Michelson
1177:Becquerel
1148:1901–1925
1137:Laureates
922:143705640
879:0264-3952
841:1476-4687
773:1941-5982
447:Methodist
366:in 1905.
311:from the
255:physicist
103:Edinburgh
85:, England
2597:Agostini
2485:Thouless
2477:McDonald
2465:Nakamura
2433:Wineland
2365:GrĂĽnberg
2321:Politzer
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2273:Ketterle
2228:'t Hooft
2212:Laughlin
2204:Phillips
2184:Osheroff
2112:Friedman
2084:Schwartz
2080:Lederman
2000:Schawlow
1976:Weinberg
1785:Tomonaga
1677:Brattain
1669:Shockley
1578:Blackett
1570:Appleton
1562:Bridgman
1509:Lawrence
1489:Davisson
1469:Chadwick
1352:Millikan
1336:Einstein
1225:Lippmann
1193:Rayleigh
1185:M. Curie
1181:P. Curie
1091:Obituary
1010:85334546
725:cite web
715:30 March
549:85334546
107:Scotland
2723:Physics
2585:Clauser
2549:Penrose
2533:Peebles
2489:Haldane
2457:Akasaki
2445:Englert
2437:Haroche
2421:Schmidt
2381:Maskawa
2333:Glauber
2325:Wilczek
2309:Leggett
2289:Koshiba
2269:Cornell
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2240:Alferov
2232:Veltman
2216:Störmer
2136:Charpak
2116:Kendall
2100:Dehmelt
2068:Bednorz
1968:Glashow
1956:Penzias
1952:Kapitsa
1924:Richter
1897:A. Bohr
1873:Giaever
1853:Bardeen
1817:Alvarez
1801:Kastler
1793:Feynman
1673:Bardeen
1637:Zernike
1629:Purcell
1399:Compton
1344:N. Bohr
1233:Marconi
1165:Lorentz
1157:Röntgen
1139:of the
590:8246619
480:gritter
377:at the
197:Physics
119:British
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2595:2023:
2581:Aspect
2579:2022:
2573:Manabe
2565:Parisi
2563:2021:
2553:Genzel
2547:2020:
2541:Queloz
2531:2019:
2521:Mourou
2517:Ashkin
2515:2018:
2509:Thorne
2505:Barish
2499:2017:
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2473:Kajita
2471:2015:
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2180:D. Lee
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2172:Reines
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1304:Barkla
1302:1917:
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771:
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539:
484:Widnes
465:Barkla
360:Nature
347:X-rays
283:Widnes
267:X-rays
193:Fields
181:(1912)
176:(1916)
171:(1917)
166:(1917)
160:Awards
79:Widnes
2793:1917
2704:Peace
2647:1917
2537:Mayor
2501:Weiss
2461:Amano
2449:Higgs
2425:Riess
2397:Smith
2393:Boyle
2373:Nambu
2353:Smoot
2317:Gross
2285:Davis
2258:2001–
2248:Kilby
2160:Shull
2144:Hulse
2052:Ruska
1988:Fitch
1972:Salam
1869:Esaki
1845:Gabor
1809:Bethe
1773:Basov
1713:Segrè
1701:Frank
1661:Kusch
1649:Bothe
1625:Bloch
1554:Pauli
1538:Stern
1501:Fermi
1454:Dirac
1427:Raman
1372:Hertz
1320:Stark
1261:Dalén
1237:Braun
1006:S2CID
998:JSTOR
918:S2CID
910:JSTOR
749:(PDF)
709:(PDF)
702:(PDF)
545:S2CID
537:JSTOR
405:X-ray
2818:1922
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2808:1920
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2798:1918
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2749:None
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2665:None
2557:Ghez
2405:Geim
2361:Fert
2337:Hall
2220:Tsui
2168:Perl
2104:Paul
1940:Mott
1928:Ting
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1837:NĂ©el
1705:Tamm
1657:Lamb
1645:Born
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1530:1942
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1477:Hess
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1434:1931
1296:1916
1277:Laue
1253:Wien
940:ISBN
875:ISSN
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802:2024
769:ISSN
731:link
717:2015
658:ISBN
615:ISBN
586:PMID
460:The
277:Life
251:FRSE
91:Died
61:Born
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990:doi
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