Progestogen-only pill - Knowledge (XXG)

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were published in 2016, and reported that the use of hormonal contraception, particularly amongst adolescents, was associated with a statistically significant increased risk of subsequent depression. The authors found that women on the progestogen-only pill in particular, were 34% more likely to subsequently take anti-depressants or be given a diagnosis of depression, in comparison with those not on hormonal contraception. In 2018, a similarly large nationwide cohort study in Sweden amongst women aged 12–30 (n=815,662) found an association, particularly amongst adolescents aged 12–19, between hormonal contraception and subsequent use of psychotropic drugs. Still, the results of these studies are inconclusive because they are observational and cannot establish causality. Additionally, the studies do not account for the possibility of confounding factors, such as preexisting health conditions, which could influence the results.

916:(NSAIDs) as well as hormonal contraceptives (COCPs or POPs) to help manage their symptoms. For a long time, combined oral contraceptives have been used as the first-line hormonal contraceptive (vs. progestogen-only pills) for the treatment of endometriosis. However, progestogen-only pills, including dienogest, medroxyprogesterone acetate, norethisterone, and cyproterone, are also effective in treating symptoms (i.e., pain, excess uterine bleeding), reducing associated lesions, and improving patient quality of life. Recognizing that some patients cannot receive combined oral contraceptives due to a contraindication to the estrogen component, these findings show promise that progestogens can be an alternative therapy capable of producing adequate symptom relief. Progestogen-only pills are typically not given to patients experiencing severe symptoms. 1123:

systems, lessen complaints about nausea and headache, and improve compliance (because it offered a regimen of continuous pill taking rather than the cyclic regimen of earlier pill formulations).37 Syntex was the first to introduce a 0.5 milligram chlor- madinone acetate minipill in 1968 in France, although this pill was withdrawn from the market in 1970 when long-term animal toxicity tests for the FDA revealed the occurrence of breast nodules in beagles.38 Nevertheless, other manufacturers began to pursue minipill development using their own progestogens, and since 1970 a variety of compounds have been introduced.

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recent meta-analysis suggested that there is actually a significantly longer half-life for many of the now available progestogen-only pill formulations. For example, Norgestrel and Drosperinone, in particular, appear to have a longer window of efficacy. More variation in dose timing may still effectively prevent pregnancy. Although the 3-hour window is still widely respected, some researchers have expressed their belief that an update to these guidelines may be beneficial.

297: 810:, although a common and effective method of preventing unwanted pregnancy following childbirth, may not be attainable for mothers who elect for or require supplemental or total child feeding with formula. Combined oral contraceptives are not typically recommended until six months following delivery. Progestogen-only pills, however, can be a viable contraceptive option for patients immediately following delivery regardless of breastfeeding habits. 281: 25: 839:. On the other hand, progestogen-only pills are safe for use by all these groups. The progestogen-only pill is also recommended for people who have recently given birth and desire a pill for contraception, given the risk of blood clots for both postpartum patients and people using estrogen-containing methods of contraception. 1122:

Development of the minipill, which contains only a progestin, was another result of concerns over the thromboembolic side effects of combination oral contraceptives.36 This development was also driven by the expectation that lower steroid doses would diminish effects on the metabolic and reproductive

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Patient groups who choose COCPs versus 'progestogen-only pills may also differ in important ways, as progesterone-only pills are often preferentially prescribed to subfertile groups such as recently postpartum women or older women. Progestogen-only pills may also be prescribed for individuals wanting

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In the largest (1996) reanalysis of previous studies of hormonal contraceptives and breast cancer risk, less than 1% were POP users. Current or recent POP users had a slightly increased relative risk (RR 1.17) of breast cancer diagnosis that just missed being statistically significant. The relative

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Chlebowski R, Hendrix S, Langer R, Stefanick M, Gass M, Lane D, Rodabough R, Gilligan M, Cyr M, Thomson C, Khandekar J, Petrovitch H, McTiernan A (2003). "Influence of estrogen plus progestin on breast cancer and mammography in healthy postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative Randomized

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There is a growing body of research investigating the links between hormonal contraception, such as the progestogen-only pill, and potential adverse effects on women's psychological health. The findings from a large Danish study of one million women (followed-up from January 2000 to December 2013)

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Patients with unexplained, abnormal uterine bleeding should be evaluated by a medical professional either through appointment or through a visit to the emergency department. The initial assessment of abnormal uterine bleeding typically focuses on ensuring the patient is medically stable and not in

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Some progestogen-only formulations, such as those containing Norethindrone, were thought to have a shorter duration of effect than COCPs. As a result, current guidelines recommend no more than 27 hours between doses to ensure effectiveness, creating a 3-hour window of variability. However, a more

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With "perfect use", the efficacy of progestogen-only pills in avoiding unintended pregnancy has been found to be greater than 99%, meaning that less than 1 out of every 100 patients will experience undesired pregnancy within the first year of use. "Perfect use" means that an individual uses their

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falls to around 91-93%, meaning that approximately 7 to 9 out of every 100 patients will experience an unintended pregnancy within the first year of use. "Typical use" means that an individual uses their contraceptive pill at inconsistent times day to day and/or misses scheduled doses. The study

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Progestogens share the common feature of being able to bind to the body's progesterone receptors and enact a physiological effect similar to naturally occurring progesterone. Still, there are differences between progestogens, and various organizational systems exist to categorize the progestogen

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classification system has been developed to understand well-known causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in reproductive-age patients. Understanding the underlying cause of bleeding is an important part of determining the best next step for treatment in each patient's circumstance. Generally, the

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Steiner, Mitchell (September 1998). "Campbell's Urology, 7th ed.WalshP.C.: Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co.1998. 210 pages.RetikA.B.: Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co.1998. 210 pages.VaughanE.D.:

1469:"Chapter 44: Estrogens, Progestins, and the Female Reproductive Tract. Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 11th Edition Edited by Laurence Brunton, John Lazo, and Keith Parker. McGraw Hill, New York. 2005. xxiii + 2021 pp. 21 × 26 cm. ISBN 0-07-142280-3. $ 149.95" 975:

risk was similar to that found for current or recent COCP users (RR 1.16), and, as with COCPs, the increased relative risk decreased over time after stopping, vanished after 10 years, and was consistent with being due to earlier diagnosis or promoting the growth of a preexisting cancer.

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Landgren, B. M.; Balogh, A.; Shin, M. W.; Lindberg, M.; Diczfalusy, E. (December 1979). "Hormonal effects of the 300 microgram norethisterone (NET) minipill. 2. Daily gonadotrophin levels in 43 subjects during a pretreatment cycle and during the second month of NET administration".

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reporting the "typical use" failure rate failed to differentiate COCPs and POPs as distinct medications and instead studied them as a combined group, decreasing the validity of this finding. The results were published before the widespread use of progestogen-only pills other than

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In July 2023, the USA Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first over-the-counter (OTC) POP birth control pill to be sold without a prescription in the United States. The pill, marketed under the brand name Opill, is once daily 0.075 mg oral norgestrel.

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levels), uterine volume, and pain, although both methods have shown a beneficial impact. That being said, there is currently no definitive treatment guideline, and management can be tailored based on the patient's medical history, preferences, and response to treatment.

353:. Additional interactions may be positive, increasing activity at a given receptor, or negative, decreasing activity at a given receptor. The overall profile of these additional actions for each medication can be used to describe and contrast progestogens. 942:

Irregular menstrual bleeding and spotting in individuals taking progestogen-only pills, especially in the first months after starting. This side effect may be bothersome but is not dangerous, and most users report improved bleeding patterns with longer

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evaluation of progestogen-only hormonal contraceptives reviewed the 1996 reanalysis as well as 4 case-control studies of POP users included in the reanalysis. They concluded that: "Overall, there was no evidence of an increased risk of breast cancer".

704:, progestogen-only pills are available in 350-μg Norethisterone, 4-mg Drospirenone and Norgestrel 0.075-mg formulations. Norgestrel is FDA-approved for over-the-counter availability, and Norethindrone and Drospirenone are available by prescription. 953:

Available data on the average impact of POPs on mood are limited and conflicting, and do not show a clear link between POP usage and mental health changes. However, some patients may experience mood swings, including feelings of anxiety and

769:. For a low-dose formulation, this may occur inconsistently in ~50% of cycles. Intermediate-dose formulations, such as the progestogen-only pill Cerazette (Desogestrel), much more consistently inhibit ovulation in 97–99% of cycles. 1164:

Chlormadinone acetate was the first minipill contraceptive to be marketed, in Mexico during July 1968. This compound was removed from clinical use in February 1970 because it produced nodules in the breast tissues of beagle dogs

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Table 3–2 Percentage of women experiencing an unintended pregnancy during the first year of typical use and the first year of perfect use of contraception, and the percentage continuing use at the end of the first year. United

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Depending on the presumed underlying cause of bleeding, medical management with progestogen-only pills, combined oral contraceptives, or tranexamic acid may be appropriate. One study found that 76% of patients who took oral

797:. Disruption of the normal movement of these reproductive cells plays a role in preventing a viable pregnancy, although the magnitude of this role is likely less significant than previously mentioned mechanisms of action. 2874:

Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co.1998. 3,426 pages.WeinA.J.: Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Philadelphia: Isis Medical Media Ltd.1998. 3,426 pages".

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Distribution and Use of the Minipill. Progestogen & Dose in mg: d-Norgestrel 0.03. Manufacturer: Schering AG. Brand Names: Microlut, Nordrogest. Where & When First Marketed: Federal Republic of Germany

887:, progestogen-only pills can help reduce the symptoms associated with this condition. Levonorgestrel-IUDs may be more effective than progestogen-only pills and reducing associated bleeding (maintaining healthy 957:

Follicular ovarian cysts are more common in POP users than in those not using hormones. The follicular changes tend to regress over time, and no intervention other than reassurance is required in asymptomatic

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Wollum, Alexandra; Zuniga, Carmela; Blanchard, Kelly; Teal, Stephanie (June 2023). "A commentary on progestin-only pills and the "three-hour window" guidelines: Timing of ingestion and mechanisms of action".

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331:- based on when it became available for use, each synthetic hormone can be grouped into 1 of 4 generations of medications. A medication's generation is not necessarily a reflection of safety or efficacy. 2489: 2952:

Tayob, Y.; Adams, J.; Jacobs, H. S.; Guillebaud, J. (October 1985). "Ultrasound demonstration of increased frequency of functional ovarian cysts in women using progestogen-only oral contraception".

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There is some evidence that progestogen-only contraceptives may lead to slight weight gain (on average less than 2 kg in the first year) compared to women not using any hormonal contraception.

3005:"Breast cancer and hormonal contraceptives: collaborative reanalysis of individual data on 53,297 women with breast cancer and 100,239 women without breast cancer from 54 epidemiological studies" 806:

Patients who have recently given birth may benefit from contraception, as experiencing another pregnancy within six months of delivery is associated with poor outcomes for the second pregnancy.

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The decision to use POPs to treat abnormal uterine bleeding should be made in consultation with a medical professional who can offer guidance on the appropriateness of this treatment option.

5066: 258:", "Progestin-only pills", and "Progesterone-only pills" are terms each referring to the same class of synthetic hormone medications. The phrase "Progestogen-only pill" is used by the 5469: 2192:

Mackay, E. V.; Khoo, S. K.; Adam, R. R. (August 1971). "Contraception with a six-monthly injection of progestogen. 2. Effects on cervical mucus secretion and endocrine function".

823:, intolerable side effects, or personal preference. Examples of contraindications to estrogen-containing methods of contraception include relatively common conditions such as 1180:

Trussell, James (2011). "Contraceptive efficacy". In Hatcher, Robert A.; Trussell, James; Nelson, Anita L.; Cates, Willard Jr.; Kowal, Deborah; Policar, Michael S. (eds.).

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treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding focuses on controlling the current episode of bleeding and reducing further blood loss in future menstrual cycles or acute episodes.

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Given their ability to impact the menstrual cycle and stabilize the endometrial lining of the uterus, progestogen-only pills may also be used to treat various patterns of

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Unaffected by being on most (but not all) antibiotics. May be used, unlike COCPs, in patients with hypertension and history of migraines. Affected by some anti-epileptics.

5930: 4049: 868:(20 mg) for treatment of bleeding unrelated to pregnancy saw resolution of their bleeding. The median time to resolution was 3 days from beginning medical therapy. 2313:

Ovulation may be suppressed in 15–40% of cycles by POPs containg levonorgestrel, norethisterone, or etynodiol diacetate, but in 97–99% by those containing desogestrel.

5249: 4453: 3615: 3157:"Hormonal contraception increases the risk of psychotropic drug use in adolescent girls but not in adults: A pharmacoepidemiological study on 800 000 Swedish women" 2676:

Andres, Marina de Paula; Lopes, Livia Alves; Baracat, Edmund Chada; Podgaec, Sergio (2015-09-01). "Dienogest in the treatment of endometriosis: systematic review".

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Worly, Brett L.; Gur, Tamar L.; Schaffir, Jonathan (June 2018). "The relationship between progestin hormonal contraception and depression: a systematic review".

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through modification of the structure of endometrial glands and their corresponding secretary patterns, as well as causing the endometrial lining to thin out (

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and may not be applicable to formulations that have since been developed. Reported efficacy varies between types of progestogen-only pills. For example,

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Brunton, Laurence L.; Hilal-Dandan, Randa; Knollmann, Björn C.; Goodman, Louis Sanford; Gilman, Alfred; Gilman, Alfred Goodman, eds. (2018).

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and its corresponding dose, the contraceptive effect of progestogen-only pills is enacted through combinations of the following mechanisms:

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In 2002, a POP containing desogestrel 75 ug/day, a dose sufficient to inhibit ovulation in almost every cycle, was introduced in Europe.51

779:). Overall, the endometrium becomes less suitable for implantation of a fertilized egg and the likelihood of a viable pregnancy decreases. 3093:

Hormonal contraception and post-menopausal hormonal therapy; IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans, Volume 72

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Munro, Malcolm G.; Critchley, Hilary O. D.; Broder, Michael S.; Fraser, Ian S.; FIGO Working Group on Menstrual Disorders (April 2011).

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and much of the international medical community. The phrase "Progestin-only pills" is typically used in the United States and Canada.

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Belsey, E. M. (August 1988). "Vaginal bleeding patterns among women using one natural and eight hormonal methods of contraception".

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Sharara, Fady I.; Kheil, Mira H.; Feki, Anis; Rahman, Sara; Klebanoff, Jordan S.; Ayoubi, Jean Marc; Moawad, Gaby N. (2021-07-30).

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in 1968. However, it was withdrawn in 1970 due to safety concerns pertaining to long-term animal toxicity studies. Subsequently,

243: 4870: 2564:"Oral medroxyprogesterone acetate and combination oral contraceptives for acute uterine bleeding: a randomized controlled trial" 6659: 5720: 5144: 5124: 3659: 3052:

Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer (1996). "Breast cancer and hormonal contraceptives: further results".

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Weiderpass, E.; Adami, H. O.; Baron, J. A.; Magnusson, C.; Bergström, R.; Lindgren, A.; Correia, N.; Persson, I. (1999-07-07).

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Daily progesterone use decreases the risk of endometrial cancer, whereas it is unclear whether POPs provide protection against

318: 6638: 6511: 5464: 5033: 4603: 3788: 3601: 166: 35: 6521: 3778: 6618: 5945: 5827: 5594: 5494: 5459: 5194: 4598: 2515:"FIGO classification system (PALM-COEIN) for causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in nongravid women of reproductive age" 991: 1214: 6053: 5995: 5489: 5454: 5334: 5002: 4608: 4593: 4568: 4372: 865: 6268: 6263: 2287:

Pattman, Richard; Sankar, K. Nathan; Elewad, Babiker; Handy, Pauline; Price, David Ashley, eds. (November 19, 2010).

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Hussain SF (2004). "Progestogen-only pills and high blood pressure: is there an association? A literature review".

350: 5619: 1960: 239:. They are primarily used for the prevention of undesired pregnancy, although additional medical uses also exist. 6547: 6542: 5985: 5679: 5304: 5264: 5199: 5114: 5109: 4515: 3861: 3806: 1067:

in 2002 and was the most recent POP to be introduced. It differs from earlier POPs in that it is able to inhibit

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Recent anxieties about the contribution of progestogens to the increased risk of breast cancer associated with

346: 5254: 5119: 2729:"Progestins in the symptomatic management of endometriosis: a meta-analysis on their effectiveness and safety" 2163:(March 20, 2015). "Chapter 134. Contraception". In Jameson, J. Larry; De Groot, Leslie J.; de Krester, David; 1978: 1786:

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' Committee on Clinical Consensus–Gynecology (2022-09-01).

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Lopez, LM; Ramesh, S; Chen, M; Edelman, A; Otterness, C; Trussell, J; Helmerhorst, FM (28 August 2016).

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Skovlund, Charlotte Wessel; Mørch, Lina Steinrud; Kessing, Lars Vedel; Lidegaard, Øjvind (2016-11-01).

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leading to a slowing of the transport of eggs and sperm through the reproductive tract. The process of

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may be prescribed progestogen-only pills as a part of their treatment. Through their ability to cause

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in 1971. It was followed by a number of other POPs shortly thereafter in the early 1970s, including

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Despite sometimes being referred to as "Progesterone-only pills", these medications do not contain

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Munro, Malcolm G.; Mainor, Nakia; Basu, Romie; Brisinger, Mikael; Barreda, Lorena (October 2006).

1788:"General Approaches to Medical Management of Menstrual Suppression: ACOG Clinical Consensus No. 3" 1714:

M.R. Henzl (1978). "Natural and Synthetic Female Sex Hormones". In S.S.C. Yen; R.B. Jaffe (eds.).

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risk is based on much smaller populations of users and so is less conclusive than that for COCPs.

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Assuming "typical use", the theoretical efficacy of progestogen-only pills in avoiding undesired

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an oral form of birth control but do not wish to use estrogen-containing methods due to medical

277:, which has some distinct chemical differences despite producing a similar physiological effect. 6497: 6492: 6482: 6477: 6472: 6467: 6462: 6432: 6427: 6422: 6368: 6348: 6328: 6323: 6318: 6293: 6203: 6198: 6193: 6183: 3543: 246:(COCPs), which instead consist of a combination of synthetic estrogens and progestin hormones. 6308: 6000: 5609: 5554: 5504: 5219: 4628: 4613: 4377: 4027: 3996: 3549: 3519: 3492: 3457: 3451: 3409: 3360: 3301: 3293: 3258: 3250: 3204: 3186: 3134: 3096: 3069: 3026: 2977: 2969: 2934: 2926: 2891: 2855: 2847: 2812: 2804: 2763: 2701: 2693: 2658: 2640: 2591: 2583: 2544: 2536: 2378: 2370: 2333: 2302: 2297: 2288: 2269: 2261: 2217: 2209: 2172: 2131: 2123: 2079: 2071: 2035: 2027: 1909: 1891: 1847: 1817: 1809: 1719: 1689: 1661: 1626: 1613:

Grimes DA, Lopez LM, O'Brien PA, Raymond EG (2013). "Progestin-only pills for contraception".

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Progestogen-only pills are one management option for the suppression of menstruation to avoid

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reduces sperm viability, sperm penetration, and decreases the likelihood of fertilization.

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Kulkarni, Jayashri (July 2007). "Depression as a side effect of the contraceptive pill".

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has a reported failure rate of 2%, and Drosperinone has a reported failure rate of 1.8%.

3172: 2922: 2758: 2119: 2067: 1887: 1657: 6158: 6118: 6064: 6030: 6010: 5965: 5891: 5886: 5847: 5842: 5807: 5524: 5214: 4996: 4840: 4835: 4793: 4788: 4783: 4758: 4715: 4530: 4408: 4251: 4246: 4238: 4194: 3896: 3722: 3404: 3379: 3355: 3328: 3199: 3156: 2965: 2783:"Risk of endometrial cancer following estrogen replacement with and without progestins" 2653: 2618: 2579: 2205: 2010:

Bowman, J. A. (1968-12-01). "The effect of norethindrone-mestranol on cervical mucus".

1904: 1871: 1547: 1512: 1048: 1032: 925: 626: 566: 507: 443: 3065: 3021: 3004: 2887: 2490:"Management of Acute Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Nonpregnant Reproductive-Aged Women" 2257: 6653: 6487: 6383: 6283: 6188: 6015: 5765: 5725: 5559: 5444: 5314: 4890: 4733: 3906: 3851: 3654: 3624: 3245: 3228: 2843: 2366: 2353:

Porter, Luz S.; Holness, Nola A. (2011). "Breaking the repeat teen pregnancy cycle".

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trials have not spread to progestogen-only contraceptive use in premenopausal women.

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but instead one of several chemically related compounds. For example, the medication

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Reproductive Endocrinology: Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management

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contraceptive pill at the same time every day without missing a scheduled dose.

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Innovation in Clinical Practice: The Dynamics of Medical Technology Development

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IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans (1999).

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Bennett, John P. (1974). "The Second Generation of Hormonal Contraceptives".

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any immediate danger from the underlying cause or associated blood loss. The

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The Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology

1995:

Cox, H. J. E. (1968). "The pre-coital use of mini-dosage progestagens".

6178: 6153: 6148: 6069: 5745: 4710: 4504: 1468: 1036: 776: 1484: 6065:

Normethandrone (methylestrenolone, normethandrolone, normethisterone)

5169: 3846: 1570:

Sitruk-Ware, Regine (2008). "Pharmacological profile of progestins".

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Zettermark, Sofia; Vicente, Raquel Perez; Merlo, Juan (2018-03-22).

1241:

The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care

1443: 1184:(20th revised ed.). New York: Ardent Media. pp. 779–863. 6242: 4919: 295: 279: 270: 3003:

Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer (1996).

2293:

Oxford Handbook of Genitourinary Medicine, HIV, and Sexual Health

2330:

Goodman & Gilman's The pharmacological basis of therapeutics

5048: 4442: 4031: 3597: 2171:(7th ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier. p. 2306. 5465:

Hydroxyprogesterone heptanoate (hydroxyprogesterone enanthate)

18: 3574:"FDA Approves First Nonprescription Daily Oral Contraceptive" 2323: 2321: 1763:"FDA Approves First Nonprescription Daily Oral Contraceptive" 1444:"Opill OTC Birth Control: Usage, Side Effects & Warnings" 1397:(21st ed.). New York, NY: Ayer Company Publishers, Inc. 319:

Birth control pill formulations § Progestogen-only pills

5460:

Hydroxyprogesterone caproate (hydroxyprogesterone hexanoate)

4554:

Algestone acetophenide (dihydroxyprogesterone acetophenide)

1285:"Progestin-Only Hormonal Birth Control: Pill and Injection" 4543:

17α-Hydroxyprogesterone (and closely related) derivatives:

3327:

Martell S, Marini C, Kondas CA, Deutch AB (January 2023).

2295:(2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 2332:(Thirteenth ed.). New York: McGraw Hill Education. 1838:

Cooper, Danielle B.; Patel, Preeti; Mahdy, Heba (2023),

308:

steroid hormone used in the brand name medication Opill.

3229:"Association of Hormonal Contraception With Depression" 2727:

Mitchell JB, Chetty S, Kathrada F (September 7, 2022).

337:- each medication may act upon other receptors such as 6512: 5470:

Hydroxyprogesterone heptanoate benzilic acid hydrazone

3480: 3478: 3476: 6522: 1019:

The first POP to be introduced contained 0.5 mg

3542:

J. Larry Jameson; Leslie J. De Groot (18 May 2010).

6591: 6535: 6510: 6392: 6237: 5099: 5085: 4945: 4917: 4908: 4495: 4480: 4386: 4355: 4300: 4265: 4223: 4168: 4159: 4101: 4065: 4009: 3980: 3945: 3938: 3915: 3875: 3837: 3815: 3787: 3747: 3738: 3713: 3668: 3632: 3537: 3535: 2519:

International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics

1369:(5th ed.). Geneva: World Health Organization. 200: 192: 184: 176: 165: 160: 152: 144: 136: 128: 123: 115: 107: 102: 94: 86: 81: 76: 6247:Tooltip Selective progesterone receptor modulators 4924:Tooltip Selective progesterone receptor modulators 3488:Contraception for Adolescent and Young Adult Women 3380:"Progestin-only contraceptives: effects on weight" 3150: 3148: 2619:"Current and Prospective Treatment of Adenomyosis" 1931:"Family Planning: A Global Handbook For Providers" 1366:Medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 773:Alteration of the endometrial lining of the uterus 1063:75 μg (brand name Cerzette) was marketed in 1035:30 μg (brand name Microval) was marketed in 324:hormones used in oral contraception medications. 3456:. Jones & Bartlett Learning. pp. 481–. 3222: 3220: 3218: 1308:Whitaker, Amy K.; Gilliam, Melissa (June 2008). 1120:. National Academies. pp. 172–. NAP:13513. 6558:11-Deoxycortisol (17α,21-dihydroxyprogesterone) 3468:The progestin-only pill was introduced in 1972. 1846:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 1677: 1675: 1506: 1504: 1502: 1175: 1173: 38:for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling 5931:11β-Methyl-19-nortestosterone dodecylcarbonate 3485:Amy Whitaker; Melissa Gilliam (27 June 2014). 1833: 1831: 1388: 1386: 5260:17α-Hydroxyprogesterone (hydroxyprogesterone) 5087: 5060: 4947: 4497: 4454: 4043: 3609: 2954:British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2012:American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1135: 1133: 1131: 1109: 1107: 1105: 990:in postmenopausal women such as found in the 8: 5250:16-Methylene-17α-hydroxyprogesterone acetate 4681:Segesterone acetate (nestorone, elcometrine) 3548:. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 2424–. 3089:"Hormonal contraceptives, progestogens only" 1872:"Contraceptive failure in the United States" 1742:. United States Food and Drug Administration 1709: 1707: 1705: 4059:Active molecules in hormonal contraceptives 3545:Endocrinology - E-Book: Adult and Pediatric 3453:Exploring the Dimensions of Human Sexuality 3384:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 1979:"SLYND (drosperione), tablets for oral use" 1925: 1923: 292:steroid hormone produced in the human body. 6553:11-Deoxycortisone (21-hydroxyprogesterone) 6532: 5645:Gestonorone caproate (gestronol hexanoate) 5096: 5067: 5053: 5045: 4914: 4666:Gestonorone caproate (gestronol hexanoate) 4492: 4461: 4447: 4439: 4165: 4050: 4036: 4028: 3942: 3744: 3650:Preventing sexually-transmitted infections 3616: 3602: 3594: 3572:Commissioner, Office of the (2023-07-13). 3425: 3423: 2401:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2155: 2153: 1761:Commissioner, Office of the (2023-07-13). 814:Comparison to combined oral contraceptives 356: 5237:17α-Substituted progesterone derivatives: 5145:17α-Methyl-11-deoxycorticosterone acetate 4584:Flugestone acetate (flurogestone acetate) 3518:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 92–93. 3403: 3354: 3344: 3244: 3198: 3180: 3020: 2798: 2757: 2747: 2652: 2634: 2530: 1903: 1803: 1546: 1528: 1252: 1085:Progestogen-only injectable contraceptive 62:Learn how and when to remove this message 2787:Journal of the National Cancer Institute 148:Taken within same 3-hour window each day 5680:Oxogestone phenpropionate (xinogestone) 5640:Gestonorone acetate (gestronol acetate) 3432:Population Reports: Oral contraceptives 1740:"Drugs@FDA: FDA Approved Drug Products" 1101: 6517:Tooltip Membrane progesterone receptor 5270:Acetomepregenol (mepregenol diacetate) 4549:Acetomepregenol (mepregenol diacetate) 3095:. Lyon: IARC Press. pp. 339–397. 1718:. W.B. Saunders Co. pp. 421–468. 1688:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 2–. 73: 6527:Tooltip Progestin and adipoQ receptor 2678:Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 1997:Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 1511:Regidor, Pedro-Antonio (2018-10-02). 967:Epidemiological evidence on POPs and 914:non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 831:headaches with aura, or a history of 7: 3655:Over-the-counter oral contraceptives 1977:Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 1959:Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 1682:Sylvia K. Rosevear (15 April 2008). 1310:"Contraceptive care for adolescents" 783:Reduction of fallopian tube motility 3640:Comparison of birth control methods 2923:10.1016/j.contraception.2018.01.010 2120:10.1016/j.contraception.2023.109978 2068:10.1016/j.contraception.2023.109978 1888:10.1016/j.contraception.2011.01.021 1658:10.1016/j.contraception.2003.09.002 767:hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis 358:Progestogen-only pill formulations: 242:Progestogen-only pills differ from 5716:6,6-Difluoronorethisterone acetate 4789:Normethandrone (methylestrenolone) 4017:Male contraceptives in development 2966:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1985.tb02994.x 2580:10.1097/01.AOG.0000238343.62063.22 2206:10.1111/j.1479-828x.1971.tb00470.x 2169:Endocrinology: Adult and Pediatric 1685:Handbook of Gynaecology Management 1363:World Health Organization (2015). 1314:Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 920:Decreased likelihood of malignancy 14: 6624:Progestogens and antiprogestogens 6031:Methoxydienone (methoxygonadiene) 5425:Fluoromedroxyprogesterone acetate 244:combined oral contraceptive pills 5991:Dimethandrolone dodecylcarbonate 5924:; Anabolic–androgenic steroids: 5180:Progesterone 3-acetyl enol ether 5019:Progesterone receptor modulators 3512:Kathy French (9 November 2009). 3246:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.2387 2367:10.1111/j.1751-486X.2011.01661.x 1467:Cannon, Joseph G. (2006-01-11). 23: 5695:Segesterone acetate (nestorone) 5587:19-Norprogesterone derivatives: 5240:6α-Methyl-17α-bromoprogesterone 4728:19-Nortestosterone derivatives: 4660:19-Norprogesterone derivatives: 3660:Oral contraceptive formulations 2397:"Lactational Amenorrhea Method" 1584:10.1016/j.maturitas.2008.11.011 1237:"History of oral contraception" 1090:Oral contraceptive formulations 335:By Additional Receptor Activity 273:contains the synthetic hormone 188:Light spotting may be irregular 5848:Norethisterone (norethindrone) 5625:Fluoro furanyl norprogesterone 5245:15β-Hydroxycyproterone acetate 5192:Retroprogesterone derivatives: 4759:Norethisterone (norethindrone) 4604:Hydroxyprogesterone heptanoate 4528:Retroprogesterone derivatives: 4195:Norethisterone (norethindrone) 3450:Greenberg (19 February 2016). 3396:10.1002/14651858.CD008815.pub4 1623:10.1002/14651858.CD007541.pub3 1473:Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 196:Often lighter and less painful 1: 6619:Receptor/signaling modulators 5926:11β-Methyl-19-nortestosterone 5590:17α-Methyl-19-norprogesterone 5092:Tooltip Progesterone receptor 4952:Tooltip Progesterone receptor 4502:Tooltip Progesterone receptor 3491:. Springer. pp. 26, 97. 3278:Expert Opinion on Drug Safety 3066:10.1016/s0010-7824(15)30002-0 3022:10.1016/S0140-6736(96)90806-5 2888:10.1016/s0022-5347(01)62878-7 2258:10.1016/s0010-7824(79)80038-4 1235:Dhont, Marc (December 2010). 928:to the extent that COCPs do. 757:Thickening the cervical mucus 376:Additional receptor activity 6634:Estrogen receptor modulators 6629:Androgen receptor modulators 6016:Ethylestrenol (ethylnandrol) 5946:19-Nordehydroepiandrosterone 5828:Lynestrenol phenylpropionate 5721:17α-Allyl-19-nortestosterone 5620:Fluoro ethyl norprogesterone 5595:18-Methylsegesterone acetate 5495:Medroxyprogesterone caproate 5125:9α-Bromo-11-ketoprogesterone 4871:Anabolic–androgenic steroids 4599:Hydroxyprogesterone caproate 3182:10.1371/journal.pone.0194773 2844:10.1016/0010-7824(88)90038-8 2623:Journal of Clinical Medicine 2024:10.1016/0002-9378(68)90467-5 1870:Trussell, James (May 2011). 1805:10.1097/AOG.0000000000004899 1326:10.1097/GRF.0b013e31816d713e 1254:10.3109/13625187.2010.513071 161:Advantages and disadvantages 6054:nandrolone phenylpropionate 5996:Dimethandrolone undecanoate 5490:Medroxyprogesterone acetate 5455:Hydroxyprogesterone acetate 5335:Chlormethenmadinone acetate 5029:Estrogens and antiestrogens 5024:Androgens and antiandrogens 4609:Medroxyprogesterone acetate 4594:Hydroxyprogesterone acetate 4569:Chlormethenmadinone acetate 4373:Medroxyprogesterone acetate 4344:Spironolactone derivatives: 3967:Fertility awareness methods 1393:Hatcher, Robert A. (2018). 1150:10.1007/978-1-349-02287-8_4 866:medroxyprogesterone acetate 351:mineralocorticoid receptors 6681: 5711:6,6-Difluoronorethisterone 3346:10.1186/s40834-022-00204-w 2749:10.1186/s12912-023-01246-4 2532:10.1016/j.ijgo.2010.11.011 2355:Nursing for Women's Health 1840:"Oral Contraceptive Pills" 1615:Cochrane Database Syst Rev 748:Depending on the specific 366:Generic Formulation (Dose) 316: 219:), colloquially known as " 103:Failure rates (first year) 16:Type of contraceptive pill 6611: 6116:Spirolactone derivatives: 5986:Dimethandrolone buciclate 5707:Testosterone derivatives: 5475:Mecigestone (pentarane B) 5305:Bromethenmadinone acetate 5195:20α-Dihydrodydrogesterone 5107:Progesterone derivatives: 4980: 4858:Spirolactone derivatives: 4705:Testosterone derivatives: 4513:Progesterone derivatives: 3962:Calendar (rhythm) methods 2690:10.1007/s00404-015-3681-6 2568:Obstetrics and Gynecology 1792:Obstetrics and Gynecology 1530:10.18632/oncotarget.26015 1114:Annetine Gelijns (1991). 950:(breast tenderness, pain) 849:abnormal uterine bleeding 843:Abnormal uterine bleeding 765:through an action on the 260:World Health Organization 205: 6269:5α-Dihydronorethisterone 6264:5α-Dihydrolevonorgestrel 6174:3,8-Dihydrodiligustilide 5941:19-Nor-5-androstenedione 5861:norethisterone enanthate 5817:levonorgestrel butanoate 4769:Norethisterone enanthate 4234:Norethisterone enanthate 4205:Norethisterone enanthate 4088:Testosterone undecanoate 3290:10.1517/14740338.6.4.371 3131:10.1001/jama.289.24.3243 1395:Contraceptive technology 1182:Contraceptive technology 347:glucocorticoid receptors 6563:17α-Hydroxyprogesterone 6299:Metapristone (RU-42633) 6080:Trenbolone (trienolone) 5936:19-Nor-5-androstenediol 5736:Chloroethynylnorgestrel 5650:Gestronol (gestonorone) 5580:Triamcinolone acetonide 5535:Methenmadinone caproate 5410:Fluorometholone acetate 5155:20β-Dihydroprogesterone 5150:20α-Dihydroprogesterone 5140:16α-Hydroxyprogesterone 3877:Emergency Contraception 2800:10.1093/jnci/91.13.1131 978:The most recent (1999) 763:Inhibition of ovulation 227:that contain synthetic 6660:Hormonal contraception 6548:5β-Dihydroprogesterone 6543:5α-Dihydroprogesterone 6149:SC-5233 (spirolactone) 5956:Bolandiol dipropionate 5857:norethisterone acetate 5530:Methenmadinone acetate 5325:Chlormadinone caproate 5285:Algestone acetophenide 5265:17α-Methylprogesterone 5200:20α-Dihydrotrengestone 5135:11-Deoxycorticosterone 5130:11-Dehydroprogesterone 5115:5α-Dihydroprogesterone 5110:3β-Dihydroprogesterone 4764:Norethisterone acetate 4624:Methenmadinone acetate 4404:Algestone acetophenide 4200:Norethisterone acetate 4083:Testosterone buciclate 3797:Multi-month injections 3740:Hormonal contraception 3704:Levonorgestrel implant 3670:Long-acting reversible 1142:Chemical Contraception 900:Patients experiencing 808:Lactational amenorrhea 437:Mineralocorticoid (-) 355: 313:Available formulations 309: 300:Chemical structure of 293: 284:Chemical structure of 256:Progestogen-only pills 213:Progestogen-only pills 6304:Mifepristone (RU-486) 5853:Norethisterone esters 5813:Levonorgestrel esters 5761:Ethinylandrostenediol 5565:Pentagestrone acetate 5450:Hydromadinone acetate 5320:Chlormadinone acetate 5255:17α-Bromoprogesterone 5120:6α-Methylprogesterone 5076:Progesterone receptor 4634:Pentagestrone acetate 4564:Chlormadinone acetate 4363:Chlormadinone acetate 3925:Vaginal pH modulation 3902:Low-dose mifepristone 3802:Progestogen-only pill 3696:Contraceptive implant 3333:Contracept Reprod Med 2882:(3 Part 1): 967–968. 1419:"Contraception | CDC" 1021:chlormadinone acetate 795:time sensitive events 659:Chlormadinone acetate 326: 299: 283: 235:) and do not contain 77:Progestogen-only pill 6639:List of progestogens 6139:Potassium canrenoate 6093:trenbolone enanthate 6075:Tetrahydrogestrinone 6050:nandrolone decanoate 6026:Metribolone (R-1881) 5907:Quingestanol acetate 5838:Metynodiol diacetate 5520:Melengestrol acetate 5420:Flumedroxone acetate 5365:Clomegestone acetate 5034:List of progestogens 4804:Quingestanol acetate 4619:Melengestrol acetate 4589:Flumedroxone acetate 3957:Breastfeeding method 3867:Contraceptive sponge 3751:estrogen–progestogen 3700:Etonogestrel implant 3060:(3 Suppl): 1S–106S. 1057:quingestanol acetate 1023:and was marketed in 837:deep vein thrombosis 681:Quingestanol acetate 185:Period disadvantages 5793:Etynodiol diacetate 5660:Nomegestrol acetate 5635:Gestadienol acetate 5485:Medroxyprogesterone 5385:Delmadinone acetate 5375:Cyproterone acetate 5345:Cismadinone acetate 5330:Chlormethenmadinone 5280:Algestone acetonide 4749:Etynodiol diacetate 4671:Nomegestrol acetate 4579:Delmadinone acetate 4574:Cyproterone acetate 4329:Nomegestrol acetate 4319:Segesterone acetate 4185:Etynodiol diacetate 4131:Estradiol enanthate 4126:Estradiol cypionate 3992:Non-penetrative sex 3984:vaginal intercourse 3949:vaginal intercourse 3769:Contraceptive patch 3764:Extended cycle Pill 3681:Intrauterine device 3645:Male contraceptives 3173:2018PLoSO..1394773Z 2636:10.3390/jcm10153410 1523:(77): 34628–34638. 1247:(Suppl 2): S12–18. 1041:etynodiol diacetate 744:Mechanism of action 492:Etynodiol diacetate 361: 6339:Ulipristal acetate 6279:Asoprisnil ecamate 6259:Dihydroethisterone 6109:Trestolone acetate 6089:trenbolone acetate 6006:Dimethyltrienolone 5600:19-Norprogesterone 5545:Mometasone furoate 5510:Megestrol caproate 5400:Flugestone acetate 5355:Clogestone acetate 5310:Butagest (buterol) 5295:Anagestone acetate 5007:Never to phase III 4937:Ulipristal acetate 4559:Anagestone acetate 4399:Ulipristal acetate 4266:Third generation ( 4169:First generation ( 4136:Estradiol valerate 4121:Estradiol benzoate 4111:Diethylstilbestrol 3892:Ulipristal acetate 3880:(Post-intercourse) 3774:Monthly injections 2876:Journal of Urology 2736:BMC Women's Health 1221:2013-11-12 at the 1144:. pp. 39–62. 1071:in 97% of cycles. 963:Breast cancer risk 833:pulmonary embolism 357: 343:estrogen receptors 339:androgen receptors 310: 294: 225:oral contraceptive 42:You can assist by 6647: 6646: 6607: 6606: 6506: 6505: 6085:Trenbolone esters 6046:Nandrolone esters 6001:Dimethyldienolone 5610:Amadinone acetate 5555:Osaterone acetate 5505:Megestrol acetate 5300:Bromethenmadinone 5220:Retroprogesterone 5042: 5041: 4976: 4975: 4904: 4903: 4663:17α-Hydroxylated: 4629:Osaterone acetate 4614:Megestrol acetate 4546:17α-Hydroxylated: 4436: 4435: 4432: 4431: 4378:Megestrol acetate 4301:Fourth generation 4224:Second generation 4025: 4024: 4005: 4004: 3833: 3832: 3555:978-1-4557-1126-0 3525:978-1-4443-2257-6 3498:978-1-4614-6579-9 3463:978-1-284-11474-4 3239:(11): 1154–1162. 3015:(9017): 1713–27. 2960:(10): 1003–1009. 2793:(13): 1131–1137. 2403:. March 27, 2023. 2339:978-1-259-58473-2 2308:978-0-19-957166-6 2178:978-0-323-18907-1 2165:Giudice, Linda C. 1725:978-0-7216-9625-6 1695:978-1-4051-4742-2 1485:10.1021/jm058286b 1376:978-92-4-154915-8 1191:978-1-59708-004-0 1159:978-1-349-02289-2 908:pelvic pain from 821:contraindications 698: 697: 647:Gonadotropin (-) 608:Gonadotropin (-) 551:Gonadotropin (-) 525:Gonadotropin (-) 466:Pro-androgen (+) 461:Gonadotropin (-) 429:Gonadotropin (-) 406:Gonadotropin (-) 367: 223:", are a type of 210: 209: 193:Period advantages 72: 71: 64: 6672: 6568:Allopregnanolone 6533: 6528: 6524: 6518: 6514: 6248: 6244: 5440:Haloprogesterone 5097: 5093: 5089: 5069: 5062: 5055: 5046: 4953: 4949: 4925: 4921: 4915: 4910:Antiprogestogens 4653:Haloprogesterone 4503: 4499: 4493: 4474:antiprogestogens 4463: 4456: 4449: 4440: 4166: 4141:Ethinylestradiol 4052: 4045: 4038: 4029: 3943: 3789:Progestogen-only 3745: 3618: 3611: 3604: 3595: 3588: 3587: 3585: 3584: 3569: 3563: 3562: 3539: 3530: 3529: 3509: 3503: 3502: 3482: 3471: 3470: 3447: 3441: 3440: 3427: 3418: 3417: 3407: 3375: 3369: 3368: 3358: 3348: 3324: 3318: 3317: 3273: 3267: 3266: 3248: 3224: 3213: 3212: 3202: 3184: 3152: 3143: 3142: 3113: 3107: 3106: 3084: 3078: 3077: 3049: 3043: 3042: 3024: 3000: 2994: 2993: 2949: 2943: 2942: 2906: 2900: 2899: 2870: 2864: 2863: 2827: 2821: 2820: 2802: 2778: 2772: 2771: 2761: 2751: 2733: 2724: 2718: 2717: 2673: 2667: 2666: 2656: 2638: 2614: 2608: 2607: 2559: 2553: 2552: 2534: 2510: 2504: 2503: 2501: 2500: 2486: 2480: 2479: 2477: 2476: 2461: 2455: 2454: 2452: 2451: 2436: 2430: 2429: 2427: 2426: 2411: 2405: 2404: 2393: 2387: 2386: 2350: 2344: 2343: 2325: 2316: 2315: 2300: 2284: 2278: 2277: 2240: 2234: 2233: 2189: 2183: 2182: 2157: 2148: 2147: 2102: 2096: 2095: 2050: 2044: 2043: 2018:(7): 1039–1040. 2007: 2001: 2000: 1992: 1986: 1985: 1983: 1974: 1968: 1967: 1965: 1956: 1950: 1949: 1947: 1945: 1935: 1927: 1918: 1917: 1907: 1867: 1861: 1860: 1859: 1858: 1835: 1826: 1825: 1807: 1783: 1777: 1776: 1774: 1773: 1758: 1752: 1751: 1749: 1747: 1736: 1730: 1729: 1711: 1700: 1699: 1679: 1670: 1669: 1641: 1635: 1634: 1617:(11): CD007541. 1610: 1604: 1603: 1578:(1–2): 151–157. 1567: 1561: 1560: 1550: 1532: 1508: 1497: 1496: 1464: 1458: 1457: 1455: 1454: 1440: 1434: 1433: 1431: 1430: 1415: 1409: 1408: 1390: 1381: 1380: 1360: 1354: 1353: 1305: 1299: 1298: 1296: 1295: 1281: 1275: 1274: 1256: 1232: 1226: 1225: 1211: 1177: 1168: 1167: 1137: 1126: 1125: 1111: 625:(75 μg) or 616:Coagulation (+) 478:(0.075 mg) 469:Coagulation (+) 365: 362: 180:No proven effect 74: 67: 60: 56: 53: 47: 27: 26: 19: 6680: 6679: 6675: 6674: 6673: 6671: 6670: 6669: 6650: 6649: 6648: 6643: 6603: 6587: 6526: 6519: 6516: 6502: 6388: 6246: 6239: 6233: 6060:Norethandrolone 6021:Methyldienolone 5981:Dimethandrolone 5405:Fluorometholone 5091: 5081: 5073: 5043: 5038: 5012: 4997:Clinical trials 4972: 4951: 4941: 4923: 4900: 4895:norethandrolone 4685:17α-Methylated: 4643:17α-Methylated: 4501: 4484: 4476: 4467: 4437: 4428: 4382: 4351: 4296: 4261: 4219: 4155: 4097: 4078:Dimethandrolone 4061: 4056: 4026: 4021: 4001: 3982: 3976: 3947: 3934: 3911: 3879: 3871: 3852:Internal condom 3847:External condom 3839:Barrier Methods 3829: 3811: 3783: 3750: 3734: 3709: 3671: 3664: 3628: 3622: 3592: 3591: 3582: 3580: 3571: 3570: 3566: 3556: 3541: 3540: 3533: 3526: 3511: 3510: 3506: 3499: 3484: 3483: 3474: 3464: 3449: 3448: 3444: 3429: 3428: 3421: 3390:(8): CD008815. 3377: 3376: 3372: 3326: 3325: 3321: 3275: 3274: 3270: 3233:JAMA Psychiatry 3226: 3225: 3216: 3167:(3): e0194773. 3154: 3153: 3146: 3125:(24): 3243–53. 3115: 3114: 3110: 3103: 3086: 3085: 3081: 3051: 3050: 3046: 3002: 3001: 2997: 2951: 2950: 2946: 2908: 2907: 2903: 2872: 2871: 2867: 2829: 2828: 2824: 2780: 2779: 2775: 2731: 2726: 2725: 2721: 2675: 2674: 2670: 2616: 2615: 2611: 2561: 2560: 2556: 2512: 2511: 2507: 2498: 2496: 2488: 2487: 2483: 2474: 2472: 2463: 2462: 2458: 2449: 2447: 2438: 2437: 2433: 2424: 2422: 2413: 2412: 2408: 2395: 2394: 2390: 2352: 2351: 2347: 2340: 2327: 2326: 2319: 2309: 2296: 2286: 2285: 2281: 2242: 2241: 2237: 2191: 2190: 2186: 2179: 2159: 2158: 2151: 2104: 2103: 2099: 2052: 2051: 2047: 2009: 2008: 2004: 1994: 1993: 1989: 1981: 1976: 1975: 1971: 1963: 1961:"Opill Tablets" 1958: 1957: 1953: 1943: 1941: 1933: 1929: 1928: 1921: 1869: 1868: 1864: 1856: 1854: 1837: 1836: 1829: 1785: 1784: 1780: 1771: 1769: 1760: 1759: 1755: 1745: 1743: 1738: 1737: 1733: 1726: 1713: 1712: 1703: 1696: 1681: 1680: 1673: 1643: 1642: 1638: 1612: 1611: 1607: 1569: 1568: 1564: 1510: 1509: 1500: 1466: 1465: 1461: 1452: 1450: 1442: 1441: 1437: 1428: 1426: 1417: 1416: 1412: 1405: 1392: 1391: 1384: 1377: 1362: 1361: 1357: 1307: 1306: 1302: 1293: 1291: 1283: 1282: 1278: 1234: 1233: 1229: 1223:Wayback Machine 1213: 1192: 1179: 1178: 1171: 1160: 1139: 1138: 1129: 1113: 1112: 1103: 1098: 1081: 1017: 1009: 1000: 965: 939: 934: 922: 898: 877: 845: 816: 804: 746: 710: 629:(37.5 μg) 610:Estrogen (-/+) 553:Estrogen (-/+) 463:Estrogen (-/+) 321: 315: 252: 129:Duration effect 68: 57: 51: 48: 41: 28: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6678: 6676: 6668: 6667: 6662: 6652: 6651: 6645: 6644: 6642: 6641: 6636: 6631: 6626: 6621: 6616: 6612: 6609: 6608: 6605: 6604: 6602: 6601: 6595: 6593: 6589: 6588: 6586: 6585: 6580: 6575: 6570: 6565: 6560: 6555: 6550: 6545: 6539: 6537: 6530: 6508: 6507: 6504: 6503: 6501: 6500: 6495: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6475: 6470: 6465: 6460: 6451: 6450: 6445: 6440: 6435: 6430: 6425: 6420: 6415: 6410: 6405: 6396: 6394: 6390: 6389: 6387: 6386: 6381: 6376: 6371: 6366: 6361: 6352: 6351: 6346: 6341: 6336: 6331: 6326: 6321: 6316: 6311: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6252: 6250: 6235: 6234: 6232: 6231: 6226: 6217: 6216: 6211: 6206: 6201: 6196: 6191: 6186: 6181: 6176: 6167: 6166: 6161: 6159:Spironolactone 6156: 6151: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6121: 6119:Canrenoic acid 6112: 6111: 6106: 6101: 6096: 6082: 6077: 6072: 6067: 6062: 6057: 6043: 6038: 6033: 6028: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6011:Ethyldienolone 6008: 6003: 5998: 5993: 5988: 5983: 5978: 5973: 5968: 5966:Dimethisterone 5963: 5958: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5928: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5892:Norvinisterone 5889: 5887:Norgestrienone 5884: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5850: 5845: 5843:Norelgestromin 5840: 5835: 5830: 5825: 5820: 5810: 5808:Levonorgestrel 5805: 5800: 5795: 5790: 5785: 5780: 5775: 5770: 5769: 5768: 5758: 5753: 5748: 5743: 5738: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5703: 5702: 5697: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5583: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5542: 5537: 5532: 5527: 5525:Methenmadinone 5522: 5517: 5512: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5462: 5457: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5332: 5327: 5322: 5317: 5312: 5307: 5302: 5297: 5292: 5287: 5282: 5277: 5272: 5267: 5262: 5257: 5252: 5247: 5242: 5233: 5232: 5227: 5222: 5217: 5215:Dydrogesterone 5212: 5207: 5202: 5197: 5188: 5187: 5182: 5177: 5172: 5167: 5162: 5157: 5152: 5147: 5142: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5122: 5117: 5112: 5103: 5101: 5094: 5083: 5082: 5074: 5072: 5071: 5064: 5057: 5049: 5040: 5039: 5037: 5036: 5031: 5026: 5021: 5016: 5011: 5010: 5009: 5008: 5005: 4994: 4988: 4982: 4981: 4978: 4977: 4974: 4973: 4971: 4970: 4965: 4959: 4957: 4943: 4942: 4940: 4939: 4934: 4928: 4926: 4912: 4906: 4905: 4902: 4901: 4899: 4898: 4864: 4863: 4854: 4853: 4848: 4843: 4841:Norelgestromin 4838: 4836:Levonorgestrel 4833: 4828: 4823: 4818: 4806: 4801: 4796: 4794:Norvinisterone 4791: 4786: 4784:Norgestrienone 4781: 4776: 4771: 4766: 4761: 4756: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4724: 4723: 4718: 4716:Dimethisterone 4713: 4701: 4700: 4695: 4690: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4656: 4655: 4636: 4631: 4626: 4621: 4616: 4611: 4606: 4601: 4596: 4591: 4586: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4566: 4561: 4556: 4551: 4539: 4538: 4533: 4531:Dydrogesterone 4524: 4523: 4518: 4509: 4507: 4490: 4478: 4477: 4468: 4466: 4465: 4458: 4451: 4443: 4434: 4433: 4430: 4429: 4427: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4409:Dydrogesterone 4406: 4401: 4396: 4390: 4388: 4384: 4383: 4381: 4380: 4375: 4370: 4365: 4359: 4357: 4353: 4352: 4350: 4349: 4341: 4336: 4331: 4326: 4321: 4313: 4304: 4302: 4298: 4297: 4295: 4294: 4289: 4284: 4279: 4273: 4271: 4263: 4262: 4260: 4259: 4254: 4252:Norelgestromin 4249: 4247:Levonorgestrel 4241: 4239:Norgestrienone 4236: 4227: 4225: 4221: 4220: 4218: 4217: 4212: 4207: 4202: 4197: 4192: 4187: 4182: 4176: 4174: 4163: 4157: 4156: 4154: 4153: 4148: 4143: 4138: 4133: 4128: 4123: 4118: 4113: 4107: 4105: 4099: 4098: 4096: 4095: 4090: 4085: 4080: 4071: 4069: 4063: 4062: 4057: 4055: 4054: 4047: 4040: 4032: 4023: 4022: 4020: 4019: 4013: 4011: 4007: 4006: 4003: 4002: 4000: 3999: 3994: 3988: 3986: 3978: 3977: 3975: 3974: 3969: 3964: 3959: 3953: 3951: 3940: 3936: 3935: 3933: 3932: 3927: 3921: 3919: 3913: 3912: 3910: 3909: 3904: 3899: 3897:Levonorgestrel 3894: 3889: 3883: 3881: 3873: 3872: 3870: 3869: 3864: 3859: 3854: 3849: 3843: 3841: 3835: 3834: 3831: 3830: 3828: 3827: 3821: 3819: 3813: 3812: 3810: 3809: 3804: 3799: 3793: 3791: 3785: 3784: 3782: 3781: 3776: 3771: 3766: 3761: 3755: 3753: 3742: 3736: 3735: 3733: 3732: 3726: 3723:Tubal ligation 3719: 3717: 3711: 3710: 3708: 3707: 3693: 3687: 3677: 3675: 3666: 3665: 3663: 3662: 3657: 3652: 3647: 3642: 3636: 3634: 3633:Related topics 3630: 3629: 3623: 3621: 3620: 3613: 3606: 3598: 3590: 3589: 3564: 3554: 3531: 3524: 3504: 3497: 3472: 3462: 3442: 3419: 3370: 3319: 3284:(4): 371–374. 3268: 3214: 3144: 3108: 3101: 3079: 3044: 2995: 2944: 2917:(6): 478–489. 2901: 2865: 2838:(2): 181–206. 2822: 2773: 2719: 2684:(3): 523–529. 2668: 2609: 2574:(4): 924–929. 2554: 2505: 2481: 2456: 2431: 2406: 2388: 2361:(5): 368–381. 2345: 2338: 2317: 2307: 2279: 2252:(6): 585–605. 2235: 2200:(3): 156–163. 2184: 2177: 2149: 2097: 2045: 2002: 1987: 1969: 1951: 1919: 1882:(5): 397–404. 1862: 1827: 1798:(3): 528–541. 1778: 1753: 1731: 1724: 1701: 1694: 1671: 1636: 1605: 1562: 1498: 1459: 1435: 1410: 1403: 1382: 1375: 1355: 1320:(2): 268–280. 1300: 1276: 1227: 1190: 1169: 1158: 1127: 1100: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1093: 1092: 1087: 1080: 1077: 1049:norethisterone 1033:levonorgestrel 1016: 1013: 1008: 1005: 999: 996: 964: 961: 960: 959: 955: 951: 944: 938: 935: 933: 930: 926:ovarian cancer 921: 918: 897: 894: 879:Patients with 876: 873: 844: 841: 815: 812: 803: 800: 799: 798: 780: 770: 760: 745: 742: 709: 706: 696: 695: 693: 687: 684: 683:(0.3 mg) 677: 676: 674: 665: 662: 661:(0.5 mg) 655: 654: 645: 633: 630: 627:Levonorgestrel 619: 618: 606: 573: 570: 569:(300 μg) 567:Norethisterone 559: 558: 549: 543: 540: 539:(500 μg) 533: 532: 523: 514: 511: 508:Levonorgestrel 504: 503: 501: 498: 495: 494:(500 μg) 488: 487: 485: 482: 479: 472: 471: 459: 450: 447: 446:(350 μg) 444:Norethisterone 440: 439: 427: 424: 421: 414: 413: 404: 398: 395: 388: 387: 385: 383: 381: 378: 377: 374: 373:Brand name(s) 371: 368: 317:Main article: 314: 311: 251: 248: 208: 207: 203: 202: 198: 197: 194: 190: 189: 186: 182: 181: 178: 174: 173: 170: 163: 162: 158: 157: 154: 150: 149: 146: 145:User reminders 142: 141: 138: 134: 133: 130: 126: 125: 121: 120: 117: 113: 112: 109: 105: 104: 100: 99: 96: 92: 91: 88: 84: 83: 79: 78: 70: 69: 31: 29: 22: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6677: 6666: 6663: 6661: 6658: 6657: 6655: 6640: 6637: 6635: 6632: 6630: 6627: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6614: 6613: 6610: 6600: 6597: 6596: 6594: 6590: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6576: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6566: 6564: 6561: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6544: 6541: 6540: 6538: 6534: 6531: 6525: 6515: 6509: 6499: 6496: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6488:Valproic acid 6486: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6474: 6471: 6469: 6466: 6464: 6461: 6459: 6456: 6455:Nonsteroidal: 6453: 6452: 6449: 6446: 6444: 6441: 6439: 6436: 6434: 6431: 6429: 6426: 6424: 6421: 6419: 6416: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6401: 6398: 6397: 6395: 6391: 6385: 6384:Syringic acid 6382: 6380: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6370: 6367: 6365: 6362: 6360: 6357: 6356:Nonsteroidal: 6354: 6353: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6284:Guggulsterone 6282: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6254: 6253: 6251: 6245: 6236: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6222: 6219: 6218: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6207: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6189:Riligustilide 6187: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6172: 6171:Nonsteroidal: 6169: 6168: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6152: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6114: 6113: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6094: 6090: 6086: 6083: 6081: 6078: 6076: 6073: 6071: 6068: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6055: 6051: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5987: 5984: 5982: 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5862: 5858: 5854: 5851: 5849: 5846: 5844: 5841: 5839: 5836: 5834: 5831: 5829: 5826: 5824: 5821: 5818: 5814: 5811: 5809: 5806: 5804: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5771: 5767: 5766:Ethandrostate 5764: 5763: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5726:Allylestrenol 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5708: 5705: 5704: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5585: 5584: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5560:Pentagestrone 5558: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5526: 5523: 5521: 5518: 5516: 5513: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5466: 5463: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5445:Hydromadinone 5443: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5435:Gestobutanoyl 5433: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5315:Chlormadinone 5313: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5278: 5276: 5273: 5271: 5268: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5248: 5246: 5243: 5241: 5238: 5235: 5234: 5231: 5228: 5226: 5223: 5221: 5218: 5216: 5213: 5211: 5208: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5190: 5189: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5178: 5176: 5173: 5171: 5168: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5156: 5153: 5151: 5148: 5146: 5143: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5108: 5105: 5104: 5102: 5098: 5095: 5090: 5084: 5080: 5077: 5070: 5065: 5063: 5058: 5056: 5051: 5050: 5047: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5014: 5013: 5006: 5004: 5001: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4983: 4979: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4960: 4958: 4956: 4950: 4944: 4938: 4935: 4933: 4930: 4929: 4927: 4922: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4907: 4896: 4892: 4891:ethylestrenol 4888: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4872: 4869: 4866: 4865: 4862: 4859: 4856: 4855: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4829: 4827: 4824: 4822: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4810: 4807: 4805: 4802: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4790: 4787: 4785: 4782: 4780: 4777: 4775: 4772: 4770: 4767: 4765: 4762: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4734:Allylestrenol 4732: 4729: 4726: 4725: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4706: 4703: 4702: 4699: 4696: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4686: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4661: 4658: 4657: 4654: 4651: 4647: 4644: 4640: 4637: 4635: 4632: 4630: 4627: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4597: 4595: 4592: 4590: 4587: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4544: 4541: 4540: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4526: 4525: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4511: 4510: 4508: 4506: 4500: 4494: 4491: 4488: 4483: 4479: 4475: 4471: 4464: 4459: 4457: 4452: 4450: 4445: 4444: 4441: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4391: 4389: 4387:Miscellaneous 4385: 4379: 4376: 4374: 4371: 4369: 4366: 4364: 4361: 4360: 4358: 4354: 4348: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4316:Norpregnanes: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4306: 4305: 4303: 4299: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4275: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4264: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4250: 4248: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4235: 4232: 4229: 4228: 4226: 4222: 4216: 4213: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4177: 4175: 4172: 4167: 4164: 4162: 4158: 4152: 4149: 4147: 4144: 4142: 4139: 4137: 4134: 4132: 4129: 4127: 4124: 4122: 4119: 4117: 4114: 4112: 4109: 4108: 4106: 4104: 4100: 4094: 4091: 4089: 4086: 4084: 4081: 4079: 4076: 4073: 4072: 4070: 4068: 4064: 4060: 4053: 4048: 4046: 4041: 4039: 4034: 4033: 4030: 4018: 4015: 4014: 4012: 4008: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3989: 3987: 3985: 3979: 3973: 3970: 3968: 3965: 3963: 3960: 3958: 3955: 3954: 3952: 3950: 3944: 3941: 3937: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3923: 3922: 3920: 3918: 3914: 3908: 3907:Yuzpe regimen 3905: 3903: 3900: 3898: 3895: 3893: 3890: 3888: 3885: 3884: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3868: 3865: 3863: 3860: 3858: 3855: 3853: 3850: 3848: 3845: 3844: 3842: 3840: 3836: 3826: 3823: 3822: 3820: 3818: 3814: 3808: 3805: 3803: 3800: 3798: 3795: 3794: 3792: 3790: 3786: 3780: 3777: 3775: 3772: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3762: 3760: 3757: 3756: 3754: 3752: 3746: 3743: 3741: 3737: 3730: 3727: 3724: 3721: 3720: 3718: 3716: 3715:Sterilization 3712: 3705: 3701: 3697: 3694: 3691: 3688: 3686: 3682: 3679: 3678: 3676: 3673: 3672:contraception 3667: 3661: 3658: 3656: 3653: 3651: 3648: 3646: 3643: 3641: 3638: 3637: 3635: 3631: 3626: 3625:Birth control 3619: 3614: 3612: 3607: 3605: 3600: 3599: 3596: 3579: 3575: 3568: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3551: 3547: 3546: 3538: 3536: 3532: 3527: 3521: 3517: 3516: 3515:Sexual Health 3508: 3505: 3500: 3494: 3490: 3489: 3481: 3479: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3459: 3455: 3454: 3446: 3443: 3439: 3434: 3433: 3426: 3424: 3420: 3415: 3411: 3406: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3374: 3371: 3366: 3362: 3357: 3352: 3347: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3323: 3320: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3272: 3269: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3252: 3247: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3223: 3221: 3219: 3215: 3210: 3206: 3201: 3196: 3192: 3188: 3183: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3158: 3151: 3149: 3145: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3112: 3109: 3104: 3102:92-832-1272-X 3098: 3094: 3090: 3083: 3080: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3054:Contraception 3048: 3045: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3028: 3023: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3006: 2999: 2996: 2991: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2948: 2945: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2911:Contraception 2905: 2902: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2869: 2866: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2832:Contraception 2826: 2823: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2801: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2777: 2774: 2769: 2765: 2760: 2755: 2750: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2730: 2723: 2720: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2672: 2669: 2664: 2660: 2655: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2637: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2613: 2610: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2558: 2555: 2550: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2533: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2509: 2506: 2495: 2491: 2485: 2482: 2470: 2466: 2460: 2457: 2445: 2441: 2435: 2432: 2420: 2416: 2410: 2407: 2402: 2398: 2392: 2389: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2349: 2346: 2341: 2335: 2331: 2324: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2304: 2299: 2294: 2290: 2283: 2280: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2246:Contraception 2239: 2236: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2188: 2185: 2180: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2161:Glasier, Anna 2156: 2154: 2150: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2108:Contraception 2101: 2098: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2056:Contraception 2049: 2046: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2006: 2003: 1999:(6): 167–172. 1998: 1991: 1988: 1980: 1973: 1970: 1962: 1955: 1952: 1939: 1932: 1926: 1924: 1920: 1915: 1911: 1906: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1876:Contraception 1873: 1866: 1863: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1834: 1832: 1828: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1806: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1782: 1779: 1768: 1764: 1757: 1754: 1741: 1735: 1732: 1727: 1721: 1717: 1710: 1708: 1706: 1702: 1697: 1691: 1687: 1686: 1678: 1676: 1672: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1646:Contraception 1640: 1637: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1609: 1606: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1566: 1563: 1558: 1554: 1549: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1531: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1507: 1505: 1503: 1499: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1463: 1460: 1449: 1445: 1439: 1436: 1424: 1420: 1414: 1411: 1406: 1404:9781732055605 1400: 1396: 1389: 1387: 1383: 1378: 1372: 1368: 1367: 1359: 1356: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1304: 1301: 1290: 1286: 1280: 1277: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1255: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1231: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1217: 1212:Table 26–1 = 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1187: 1183: 1176: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1161: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1136: 1134: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1119: 1118: 1110: 1108: 1106: 1102: 1095: 1091: 1088: 1086: 1083: 1082: 1078: 1076: 1072: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1014: 1012: 1006: 1004: 997: 995: 993: 989: 984: 981: 976: 972: 970: 969:breast cancer 962: 956: 952: 949: 945: 941: 940: 937:Genitourinary 936: 931: 929: 927: 919: 917: 915: 912:may be given 911: 910:endometriosis 907: 903: 896:Endometriosis 895: 893: 890: 886: 882: 874: 872: 869: 867: 861: 858: 852: 850: 842: 840: 838: 834: 830: 826: 822: 813: 811: 809: 802:Breastfeeding 801: 796: 792: 788: 787:fertilization 784: 781: 778: 774: 771: 768: 764: 761: 758: 755: 754: 753: 751: 743: 741: 737: 735: 731: 730:Norethindrone 726: 721: 717: 715: 707: 705: 703: 702:United States 694: 692: 688: 685: 682: 679: 678: 675: 673: 670: 666: 663: 660: 657: 656: 653: 652:Androgen (+) 650: 649:Estrogen (-) 646: 644: 641: 638: 634: 631: 628: 624: 621: 620: 617: 614: 613:Androgen (+) 611: 607: 605: 602: 599: 596: 593: 590: 587: 584: 581: 578: 574: 571: 568: 564: 563:Norethindrone 561: 560: 557: 556:Androgen (+) 554: 550: 548: 544: 541: 538: 535: 534: 531: 530:Androgen (+) 528: 527:Estrogen (-) 524: 522: 519: 515: 512: 510:(30 μg) 509: 506: 505: 502: 499: 496: 493: 490: 489: 486: 483: 480: 477: 474: 473: 470: 467: 464: 460: 458: 455: 451: 448: 445: 442: 441: 438: 435: 434:Androgen (-) 432: 431:Estrogen (-) 428: 425: 422: 419: 416: 415: 412: 411:Androgen (+) 409: 408:Estrogen (-) 405: 403: 399: 396: 394:(75 μg) 393: 390: 389: 386: 384: 382: 380: 379: 375: 372: 369: 364: 363: 360: 354: 352: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 330: 329:By Generation 325: 320: 312: 307: 303: 298: 291: 287: 282: 278: 276: 272: 268: 263: 261: 257: 249: 247: 245: 240: 238: 234: 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 204: 201:Medical notes 199: 195: 191: 187: 183: 179: 175: 171: 168: 164: 159: 155: 153:Clinic review 151: 147: 143: 139: 137:Reversibility 135: 131: 127: 122: 118: 114: 110: 106: 101: 97: 93: 89: 85: 80: 75: 66: 63: 55: 52:November 2023 45: 39: 37: 32:This article 30: 21: 20: 6665:Progestogens 6599:Mifepristone 6583:Progesterone 6578:Pregnenolone 6573:Mifepristone 6458:Darolutamide 6454: 6443:Toripristone 6438:RTI 3021–022 6408:Lilopristone 6403:Aglepristone 6399: 6355: 6334:Telapristone 6255: 6220: 6170: 6129:Drospirenone 6115: 5902:Quingestanol 5877:Norgestimate 5872:Norgesterone 5867:Noretynodrel 5783:Etonogestrel 5709:Progestins: 5706: 5700:Trimegestone 5685:Promegestone 5586: 5575:Proligestone 5515:Melengestrol 5480:Medrogestone 5415:Flumedroxone 5370:Cymegesolate 5360:Clomegestone 5236: 5191: 5185:Quingestrone 5175:Progesterone 5106: 4968:Mifepristone 4963:Aglepristone 4932:Telapristone 4867: 4861:Drospirenone 4857: 4846:Norgestimate 4821:Etonogestrel 4812: 4779:Norgesterone 4774:Noretynodrel 4730: 4727: 4707: 4704: 4698:Trimegestone 4693:Promegestone 4684: 4662: 4659: 4649: 4646:Medrogestone 4642: 4639:Proligestone 4545: 4542: 4527: 4521:Quingestrone 4516:Progesterone 4512: 4482:Progestogens 4470:Progestogens 4424:Proligestone 4419:Progesterone 4394:Mifepristone 4368:Medrogestone 4347:Drospirenone 4343: 4339:Trimegestone 4334:Promegestone 4315: 4307: 4292:Norgestimate 4282:Etonogestrel 4267: 4243: 4230: 4215:Quingestanol 4210:Noretynodrel 4170: 4161:Progestogens 4151:Ormeloxifene 4074: 4010:Experimental 3857:Cervical cap 3825:Ormeloxifene 3807:Vaginal ring 3801: 3779:Vaginal ring 3685:Hormonal IUD 3581:. Retrieved 3577: 3567: 3559: 3544: 3514: 3507: 3487: 3467: 3452: 3445: 3436: 3431: 3387: 3383: 3373: 3336: 3332: 3322: 3281: 3277: 3271: 3236: 3232: 3164: 3160: 3122: 3118: 3111: 3092: 3082: 3057: 3053: 3047: 3012: 3008: 2998: 2957: 2953: 2947: 2914: 2910: 2904: 2879: 2875: 2868: 2835: 2831: 2825: 2790: 2786: 2776: 2739: 2735: 2722: 2681: 2677: 2671: 2629:(15): 3410. 2626: 2622: 2612: 2571: 2567: 2557: 2522: 2518: 2508: 2497:. Retrieved 2494:www.acog.org 2493: 2484: 2473:. Retrieved 2471:. 2023-03-27 2468: 2459: 2448:. Retrieved 2446:. 2023-03-27 2443: 2434: 2423:. Retrieved 2421:. 2023-09-14 2418: 2409: 2400: 2391: 2358: 2354: 2348: 2329: 2312: 2292: 2282: 2249: 2245: 2238: 2197: 2193: 2187: 2168: 2111: 2107: 2100: 2059: 2055: 2048: 2015: 2011: 2005: 1996: 1990: 1972: 1954: 1942:. Retrieved 1937: 1879: 1875: 1865: 1855:, retrieved 1843: 1795: 1791: 1781: 1770:. Retrieved 1766: 1756: 1744:. Retrieved 1734: 1715: 1684: 1652:(2): 89–97. 1649: 1645: 1639: 1614: 1608: 1575: 1571: 1565: 1520: 1516: 1476: 1472: 1462: 1451:. Retrieved 1447: 1438: 1427:. Retrieved 1425:. 2023-05-01 1422: 1413: 1394: 1365: 1358: 1317: 1313: 1303: 1292:. Retrieved 1289:www.acog.org 1288: 1279: 1244: 1240: 1230: 1181: 1163: 1141: 1121: 1116: 1073: 1018: 1010: 1001: 985: 977: 973: 966: 958:individuals. 932:Side effects 923: 905: 901: 899: 878: 870: 862: 853: 846: 825:hypertension 817: 805: 791:implantation 782: 772: 762: 756: 747: 738: 722: 718: 711: 708:Medical uses 699: 690: 671: 668: 651: 648: 642: 639: 636: 615: 612: 609: 603: 600: 597: 594: 591: 588: 585: 582: 579: 576: 555: 552: 546: 529: 526: 520: 517: 468: 465: 462: 456: 453: 436: 433: 430: 420:(4 mg) 418:Drospirenone 410: 407: 401: 359: 334: 333: 328: 327: 322: 305: 289: 286:Progesterone 267:progesterone 264: 255: 253: 241: 229:progestogens 220: 216: 212: 211: 58: 49: 36:copy editing 34:may require 33: 6592:Antagonists 6418:Onapristone 6393:Antagonists 6164:Spirorenone 6134:Mespirenone 5823:Lynestrenol 5773:Ethisterone 5751:Desogestrel 5731:Altrenogest 5690:Segesterone 5665:Norgestomet 5655:Nomegestrol 5630:Gestadienol 5615:Demegestone 5570:Pentarane A 5390:Edogestrone 5380:Delmadinone 5340:Cismadinone 5230:Trengestone 5160:Dimepregnen 4993:from market 4955:antagonists 4816:Desogestrel 4754:Lynestrenol 4739:Altrenogest 4721:Ethisterone 4688:Demegestone 4676:Norgestomet 4536:Trengestone 4324:Demegestone 4277:Desogestrel 4190:Lynestrenol 4180:Ethisterone 3930:Nonoxynol-9 3917:Spermicides 2525:(1): 3–13. 2469:www.cdc.gov 2444:www.cdc.gov 2419:www.cdc.gov 1944:November 9, 1423:www.cdc.gov 1061:Desogestrel 1045:lynestrenol 1007:Weight gain 954:depression. 881:adenomyosis 875:Adenomyosis 789:as well as 750:progestogen 537:Lynestrenol 392:Desogestrel 370:Generation 250:Terminology 116:Typical use 108:Perfect use 6654:Categories 6448:Zanoterone 6413:Lonaprisan 6400:Steroidal: 6374:Naringenin 6364:Kaempferol 6344:Vilaprisan 6274:Asoprisnil 6256:Steroidal: 6229:ORG-201745 6209:Tanaproget 6104:Trestolone 6041:Nandrolone 6036:Mibolerone 5971:Dienedione 5961:Bolandione 5922:Tosagestin 5897:Oxendolone 5882:Norgestrel 5833:Metynodiol 5803:Gestrinone 5778:Ethynerone 5675:Oxogestone 5540:Mometasone 5430:Gestaclone 5395:Flugestone 5350:Clogestone 5290:Anagestone 5079:modulators 4883:trenbolone 4875:nandrolone 4851:Norgestrel 4831:Gestrinone 4799:Oxendolone 4487:progestins 4414:Gestrinone 4257:Norgestrel 4093:Trestolone 4075:Male-only: 3997:Abstinence 3972:Withdrawal 3939:Behavioral 3887:Copper IUD 3690:Copper IUD 3583:2023-07-13 2499:2023-11-13 2475:2023-07-13 2450:2023-07-13 2425:2023-11-14 2114:: 109978. 2062:: 109978. 1857:2023-11-09 1844:StatPearls 1772:2023-07-14 1517:Oncotarget 1453:2023-11-14 1429:2023-11-14 1294:2023-11-14 1096:References 1053:norgestrel 998:Depression 946:May cause 889:hemoglobin 885:amenorrhea 857:PALM-COEIN 734:Norgestrel 623:Norgestrel 604:Deblitane 586:Jolivette 547:Mini-kare 521:Norgeston 476:Norgestrel 400:Cerazette 302:Norgestrel 275:Norgestrel 233:progestins 221:mini pills 169:protection 82:Background 44:editing it 6498:ZM-172406 6493:ZM-150271 6483:LG-121046 6478:LG-120830 6473:LG-100128 6468:LG-100127 6463:LG-001447 6433:ORG-33628 6428:ORG-31806 6423:ORG-31710 6369:LG-120920 6349:ZK-137316 6329:RMI-12936 6324:ORG-33628 6319:ORG-31710 6294:LG-120838 6224:ORG-47241 6214:ZM-182345 6204:RWJ-60130 6199:RWJ-49853 6194:RWJ-26819 6184:LG-100128 6144:Prorenone 6124:Canrenone 6099:Trendione 5976:Dienolone 5951:Bolandiol 5798:Gestodene 5788:Etynodiol 5756:Dienogest 5741:Cingestol 5605:Amadinone 5550:Osaterone 5500:Megestrol 5275:Algestone 5225:Ro 6-3129 5165:Diosgenin 5003:Phase III 4991:Withdrawn 4897:, others) 4826:Gestodene 4744:Dienogest 4731:Estranes: 4708:Estranes: 4356:Pregnanes 4311:Dienogest 4308:Estranes: 4287:Gestodene 4231:Estranes: 4146:Mestranol 4116:Estradiol 4103:Estrogens 4067:Androgens 3946:Including 3862:Diaphragm 3759:Oral pill 3729:Vasectomy 3298:1744-764X 3255:2168-6238 3191:1932-6203 2974:0306-5456 2931:1879-0518 2896:0022-5347 2852:0010-7824 2809:0027-8874 2742:(1): 52. 2698:1432-0711 2645:2077-0383 2588:0029-7844 2541:1879-3479 2375:1751-486X 2266:0010-7824 2214:0004-8666 2144:257068251 2128:0010-7824 2092:257068251 2076:1879-0518 2032:0002-9378 1896:1879-0518 1814:1873-233X 1746:6 January 1592:0378-5122 1572:Maturitas 1539:1949-2553 1493:0022-2623 1448:Drugs.com 1334:1532-5520 1263:1473-0782 1208:781956734 1200:0091-9721 1069:ovulation 948:mastalgia 793:are both 725:pregnancy 714:pregnancy 601:Sharobel 589:Micronor 518:Microval 452:Micronor 306:synthetic 237:estrogens 95:First use 6615:See also 6536:Agonists 6359:Apigenin 6314:ORF-9326 6309:ORF-9371 6221:Unknown: 5917:Tigestol 5912:Tibolone 5670:ORG-2058 5210:DU-41165 5205:DU-41164 5100:Agonists 5015:See also 4813:Gonanes: 4809:Tibolone 4505:agonists 4244:Gonanes: 4171:estranes 3981:Avoiding 3749:Combined 3725:(female) 3414:27567593 3365:36647102 3339:(1): 9. 3306:17688380 3263:27680324 3209:29566064 3161:PLOS ONE 3139:12824205 3117:Trial". 3039:36136756 2990:24930690 2939:29496297 2817:10393721 2768:36997958 2759:10061877 2714:22168242 2706:25749349 2663:34362193 2604:26316422 2596:17012455 2549:21345435 2383:22900650 2230:38037168 2136:36801392 2084:36801392 1914:21477680 1852:28613632 1822:36356248 1666:14759612 1631:24226383 1600:19434887 1557:30349654 1350:13450620 1342:18463458 1271:21091163 1219:Archived 1079:See also 906:moderate 829:migraine 691:Pilomin 689:Demovis 672:Prostal 669:Lutéran 640:Ovrette 637:Neogest 635:Minicon 595:Nora-BE 583:Heather 577:Mini-Pe 545:Exluton 516:28 mini 500:Femulen 457:Noriday 402:Cerelle 156:6 months 90:Hormonal 6379:PRA-910 6179:LG-2527 6154:SC-8109 6087:(e.g., 6070:RU-2309 6048:(e.g., 5855:(e.g., 5815:(e.g., 5746:Danazol 4873:(e.g., 4868:Others: 4711:Danazol 4650:Others: 4268:gonanes 3627:methods 3405:5034734 3356:9842494 3314:8836005 3200:5864056 3169:Bibcode 3074:8899264 3031:8656904 2982:3902074 2860:2971505 2654:8348135 2222:5286757 2040:5724391 1905:3638209 1548:6195370 1216:States. 1037:Germany 1015:History 777:atrophy 700:In the 667:Belara 592:Nor-QD 575:Camila 454:Nor-QD 290:natural 5170:P1-185 4986:WHO-EM 4887:esters 4879:esters 3731:(male) 3674:(LARC) 3552: 3522: 3495: 3460: 3412: 3402: 3363: 3353: 3312: 3304: 3296: 3261: 3253: 3207: 3197: 3189: 3137: 3099: 3072: 3037: 3029: 3009:Lancet 2988: 2980: 2972: 2937: 2929: 2894: 2858: 2850: 2815: 2807: 2766: 2756: 2712: 2704: 2696: 2661: 2651: 2643: 2602: 2594: 2586: 2547: 2539: 2381: 2373: 2336: 2305: 2274:535366 2272: 2264: 2228: 2220: 2212: 2175: 2142: 2134: 2126: 2090: 2082: 2074: 2038: 2030: 1940:. 2022 1912: 1902: 1894: 1850: 1820: 1812: 1722: 1692: 1664: 1629: 1598: 1590: 1555: 1545: 1537: 1491: 1401: 1373: 1348: 1340: 1332: 1269: 1261: 1206: 1198: 1188: 1156: 1065:Europe 1055:, and 1029:France 1025:Mexico 943:usage. 643:Opill 580:Errin 484:Opill 426:Slynd 349:, and 177:Weight 6289:J1042 6243:SPRMs 6238:Mixed 4920:SPRMs 4485:(and 3817:SERMs 3438:1971. 3310:S2CID 3035:S2CID 2986:S2CID 2732:(PDF) 2710:S2CID 2600:S2CID 2226:S2CID 2140:S2CID 2088:S2CID 1982:(PDF) 1964:(PDF) 1934:(PDF) 1479:(3). 1346:S2CID 598:Lyza 271:Opill 132:1 day 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