1229:, newly elected president of PWA, and Rahat Saeed, the outgoing Acting Secretary General were the guests of honour. Replying to a question by the journalist Imtiaz Alam as to what challenges the PWA of today, considered relevant, as the previous contention of the PWA, 'the battle of ideas', had become irrelevant, the newly elected president PWA contended that the battle of ideas is still going on. And how could it be considered a closed chapter, when a few hundred multinationals in the world had in their coffers 50 percent of the world's GDP. He thought that, in Pakistan, the rate of poverty was rising alarmingly and even if the rate of illiteracy as a yardstick of poverty is taken into account, more than 50 percent of the people were not literate.
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and free expression in all matters of the highest importance to the human race in general and the Indian people in particular... Whatever happen to the book or to the authors, we hope that others will not be discouraged. Our practical proposal is the formation immediately of a League of
Progressive Authors, which should bring forth similar collections from time to time both in English and the various vernaculars of our country. We appeal to all those who are interested in this idea to get in touch with us.
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progress' touched all spheres of human development. It stood for liberation and democracy. It was a movement for the freedom-loving writers who were opposed to the status quo in the feudal-dominated Indian society. They thought that unless the Indian society was transformed and the common masses were in the driving seat, nothing could change. Writers like
925:. Shyam Kumari Nehru organised a major conference of the Hindi and Urdu writers in 1937 in Allahabad which was attended by writers such as Maulvi Abdul Haq, Acharya Narendra Dev, Pandit Ram Naresh Tripathi, Shivdan Singh Chauhan, Narendra Sharma, Ramesh Chandra Sinha and Om Prakash Singhal among others.
1001:
It could be said that the Urdu writers were in the forefront of 'Anjuman
Taraqqi Pasand Musannifin', but later on almost all the writers of Indian languages had their own organisations with the same aims and objectives: struggle against British imperialism for the liberation of India from the foreign
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Despite the absence of an institutional movement, the progressive movement remained vibrant in India, especially in Urdu poetry. Poets like Jan Nisar Akhtar, Ali Sardar Jafri, Kaifi Azmi, Sahir
Ludhianvi and Makhdoom Mohiuddin wrote stirring poems celebrating the working class, condemning religious
667:
The authors of this book do not wish to make any apology for it. They leave it to float or sink of itself. They are not afraid of the consequences of having launched it. They only wish to defend 'the right of launching it and all other vessels like it' ... they stand for the right of free criticism
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who encouraged him and Anand to form the Indian
Progressive Writersâ Association in London. The association, composed mostly of Indian university students from Oxford, Cambridge and London, met for the first time on 24 November 1934 in a back room at the Nanking Restaurant, a Chinese restaurant in
905:
was adopted by the conference. Zaheer was elected as the
Secretary General of the All-India Progressive Writers Association (AIPWA). Important resolutions passed in the conference included a demand to the government for freedom of speech. Zaheer had traced the account of its formation in his book
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The words "progress and progressive" have a history of their own. In 19th century
England, the word "progressive" was the battle cry of all those who wanted a better deal for the underprivileged and wanted science and technology to spearhead the movement for social development. The 'movement for
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In the summer of 1935 Zaheer returned to India and started working on setting up the All India
Progressive Writersâ Associated in India. In order to garner support for the association he along with Ahmed Ali travelled to various cities in India and met with several writers including
901:) was established. An All-India Committee consisting of representatives of the various regional branches, a Publication Committee and an Executive Committee was also adopted. The Constitution of the Association, which was drafted by Mahmud-uz-Zafar, Sajjad Zaheer, and
1144:. Since then, the Federation has had four Conferences, at Gaya (1975), Jabalpur (1980), Jaipur (1982) and the Golden Jubilee Conference in Lucknow (1986). The Golden Jubilee Conference was inaugurated by Mulk Raj Anand. Sibte Hasan also attended the conference.
949:
who could not attend it due to ill health. Abdul Aleem was elected as the new
General Secretary succeeding Zaheer and a newly amended constitution was adopted in the conference. The PWA also launched a monthly bulletin and a quarterly English journal called
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By the summer of 1938, when Anand returned to India after attending the international writersâ conference held in Madrid and
Barcelona, the association had already become an influential organisation with various regional and linguistic branches.
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in the USA, the movement was declared illegal in 1954 in
Pakistan. Then the martial law of 1958 saw its rank and file working under different banners. 'Awam Adbi Anjuman' was revived during the PPP Government in 1971. Rafiq Chaudhry,
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of the Progressive Writersâ Association was finally drafted in 1935 in London by Zaheer, Taseer, Anand, Sengupta, and Jyoti Ghosh. Zaheer sent the approved version of the manifesto to writers and friends in India, including
652:
and Mahmud-uz-Zafar in 1932. The publication was met with outrage from civil and religious authorities and was banned by the government of United Provinces. On 5 April 1933, Mahmud-uz-Zafar published a statement titled
850:. The first All-India Progressive Writers' Conference was held in Lucknow on April 10, 1936 under the leadership of Sajjad Zaheer. Premchand was requested to preside over the conference. The conference was held at the
1002:
yoke; struggle against the henchmen of imperialism, land for the tillers of the soil. The organisation regarded socialism as the proper economic system, which could end exploitation. Rabindranath Tagore, Maulvi
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its joint secretary and Maqsood Khaliq, its deputy secretary co-ordinator. Soon after the election, South African Free Media Association (SAFMA) invited the new office-bearers at a dinner presided over by
1139:
After the independence of India in 1947, the movement lost its momentum in India. It further declined in growth after the split of the Communist Party in 1964. In 1975, the Association was renamed as the
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554:'s education movement. The progressives contributed to Urdu literature some of the finest pieces of fiction and poetry. Undoubtedly, they were the trend-setters for the coming generation of writers."
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from 22 May to 25 May 1943 at the Marwari Vidyalaya Hall. A revised version of the Manifesto was adopted at this conference. Zaheer was elected as the General Secretary of the association with
460:
862:(The Aim of Literature), papers were presented by Firaq Gorakhpuri, Mahmudazzafar, Ahmed Ali, and Surendra Nath Goswami. Other writers present were Faiz Ahmed Faiz, Mian Iftikharuddin,
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meeting in 2007, some of Pakistan's progressive writers planned to reactivate the Progressive Writers Association as a body again after a lapse of 53 years, and elected the veteran
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sectarianism and celebrating international figures such as Martin Luther King Jr., Patrice Lumumba, Jawaharlal Nehru (in the context of his international efforts) and Mao Zedong.
4127:
597:. Both of them invited Syed Fakhruddin Balley (known as Balley Alig)to join. Syed Fakhruddin Balley then initiated work to promote the Association. Many writers and poets like
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Leading Progressive Writers of Urdu such as Majaz, Kaifi Azmi, Josh Malihabadi, Makhdoom and others strongly campaigned for Pakistan through their works viz. poem by Majaz,
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The manifesto was widely circulated among Indian students with literary interests and the group began to meet once or twice a month to read and critique each otherâs works.
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The first conference laid down the basic organisational structure of the movement. A national body under the name All-India Progressive Writers' Association (
736:. Influenced by the conference the group decided to solidify the association and draft a manifesto to formulate the aims and objectives of the association.
3905:
537:, and sought to inspire people through their writings advocating equality among all humans and attacking social injustice and backwardness in the society.
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was set up formally in December 1949 although several branches of the Progressive Writers Movement already existed in cities like Lahore and Karachi. The
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as the convenor and Chaudhry Mohammed Ali Rudaulvi as chairman of the Reception Committee. While Premchand delivered his presidential address titled
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After the establishment of branches in various cities, it was decided to hold an All-India conference on the sidelines of the annual session of the
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was elected as its new President unopposed, Salim Raz was elected its Secretary General, Rasheed Misbah, its Deputy Secretary General, Dr
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was presented for the first time in this statement which later expanded itself and became 'Indian Progressive Writers' Association'.
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2584:, (Historical Perspective of Angare and The Progressive Writers' Movement), Educational Publishing House, Kucha Pandit, Delhi 1995.
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by his father in March 1933 to study law. In London he came in contact with the members of the Indian student community including
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The Light: A History of the Movement for Progressive Literature in the Indo-Pakistan Subcontinent : a Translation of Roshnai
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had supported it. However, in 2007, it was organised on a countrywide basis under an interim constitution. During this period
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to meet Rashid Jahan and Mahmuduzzafar where he also met Faiz Ahmed Faiz for the first time. The four of them travelled to
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1999:
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in 2012 to elect another team of office-bearers with a mandate to get its new constitution passed by March 4, 2012. Dr
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Zeno (Safdar Mir), Cultural Notes: A Writer Committed to Progressivism (Ahmed Ali), Dawn, Karachi, 13 June 1986, p.iv.
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the then secretary of the Allahabad branch of the PWA organised another similar conference in 1938 in Allahabad.
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648:(Embers or Burning Coals), a collection of nine short stories and a one-act play by Ahmed Ali, Sajjad Zaheer,
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and Josh Malihabadiâs epic poem projecting Mother India addressing Congress, League and the Communist Party.
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served as the institutional platform of the association. The company published journals and newspapers like
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Literature and Politics in the Age of Nationalism: The Progressive Writers' Movement in South Asia, 1932-56
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Historical facts about the Progressive Writers Association listed on The Open University (UK) website
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in 1934 while the English version of the manifesto was published in the February 1936 issue of the
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2540:(1974). "The Progressive Writers Movement and Creative Writers in Urdu". In Carlo Coppola (ed.).
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Liking Progress, Loving Change: A Literary History of the Progressive Writers' Movement in Urdu
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as the treasurer. The central office of the association was also moved from Lucknow to Bombay.
717:. Anand was elected as the president while Sengupta acted as the secretary of the association.
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756:. Premchand translated the manifesto into Hindi and published it in the October edition of
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and Abdul Aleem were some of the stalwarts whose active or lukewarm support was with the
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The partition of the sub-continent also portioned the movement and with the sway of the
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and formed a literary circle of friends. The group also included progressive women like
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which were edited by Faiz Ahmad Faiz, Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi and Sibte Hasan respectively.
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The origin of the Progressive Writers' Movement can be traced to the publication of
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a journal of progressive literary writings June 2013 peshawar.kpk province,Pakistan
2142:"Lucknow plays host to commemorate 1936 Progressive Writers Association conference"
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269:
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104:
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1584:
1282:
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1222:
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987:
330:
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119:
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2432:
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2182:
Pakistan Press Foundation website, Published 3 May 2007, Retrieved 9 May 2018
1700:
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3627:
3562:
3224:
3214:
3114:
2480:
1402:
1217:
1003:
793:
753:
342:
515:. Some branches of this writers' group existed around the world besides in
1208:
and Rahat Saeed worked very hard, and organised a general body meeting in
3159:
2803:
2497:
1600:
942:
812:
724:
to attend the International Congress for Defense of Culture organised by
563:
The Indian Progressive Writers' Association was set up in London in 1935.
551:
524:
2440:
2416:
2180:
Progressive Writers Association meeting in 2007 plans to reactivate body
1643:
1568:
History of Progressive Writers' Movement on The Indian Express newspaper
3319:
2271:
2239:
1233:
847:
644:
594:
578:
567:
534:
520:
389:
2407:
2375:
2843:
1209:
983:
922:
816:
689:
2564:, Editor, G.S. Balarama Gupta, Vol. 23, JanuaryâJuly 1995, Nos. 1-2.
2255:
963:
914:
721:
516:
504:
99:
2376:"AngÄre and the Founding of the Progressive Writers' Association"
796:
in December 1935, organized by Tara Chand under the aegis of the
792:. They also attended the conference of Hindi and Urdu writers in
878:. The conference was also attended by leftist leaders including
2603:
2335:
Anthems of Resistance: A Celebration of Progressive Urdu Poetry
2000:"Sajjad Zaheer's Progressive Ideas Live on in Writers' Dissent"
962:
The third conference was organised at the Hardinge Library in
2594:
945:
in 1938. The inaugural address of the conference was sent by
2317:"The Angare Group: The Enfants Terribles of Urdu Literature"
27:
Progressive literary movement in pre-partition British India
2506:"Professor Ahmed Ali and the Progressive Writers' Movement"
784:, Ehtesham Husain, Shivdan Singh Chauhan, Narendra Sharma,
708:. He also came into the contact of Communist revolutionary
1590:
newspaper, Published 1 October 2004, Retrieved 9 May 2018
913:
In 1936, Sohail Azimabadi set up a branch of the PWA in
2544:. East Lansing: Michigan State University. p. 36.
2454:. Translated by Afzar, Amina. Oxford University Press.
1970:
1968:
1931:
1929:
1904:
1902:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1034:, Rashid Jahan, Sahibzada Mahmood uz Zafar, Professor
2582:
Angare Ka Tarikhi Pusmanzar aur Tarraqi Pasand Tahrik
2240:"The Marxist Literary Movement in India and Pakistan"
2116:. New Delhi: Commonwealth Publishers. pp. xxii.
941:
The second conference of the association was held in
823:
where they met various writers from Lahore including
2045:
2043:
1836:
1834:
1832:
3989:
3888:
3393:
3190:
3087:
2852:
2789:
2637:
1082:, Farigh Bukhari, Khatir Ghaznavi, Raza Hamdani, M.
566:The Progressive Writers' Association was set up in
624:was set up in Pakistan in December 1947 after the
1248:Prominent members of the movement have included:
655:In Defence of Angare: Shall We Submit to Gagging?
978:Fourth all-India Progressive Writers' Conference
937:Second all-India Progressive Writers' Conference
688:and the furor that followed, Zaheer was sent to
2498:Sajjad Zaheer and Progressive Writersâ Movement
1563:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1555:
958:Third all-India Progressive Writers' Conference
775:First all-India Progressive Writers' Conference
680:Indian Progressive Writers' Association, London
1585:The last of the Mohicans (Progressive writers)
2615:
2542:Marxist Influences and South Asian Literature
2477:The Prison House: Collection of Short Stories
2285:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Asian History
2135:
2133:
1735:Writer 'Ahmed Ali' on EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
1570:Published 26 April 2014, Retrieved 9 May 2018
1240:as the secretary-general of the association.
1158:All Pakistan Progressive Writers' Association
886:, and was supported by Congress leaders like
748:, Abdul Alim, Mahmud-uz-Zafar, Rashid Jahan,
622:All Pakistan Progressive Writers' Association
454:
8:
2560:'The Journal of Indian Writing in English',
1730:
1728:
1601:"Progressive Writing, Regressive Caretaking"
982:The fourth all-India conference was held in
546:newspaper, "Progressive Writers Movement in
4128:Communist Party of India mass organisations
3130:Hindustan Socialist Republican Association
2622:
2608:
2600:
2519:. University of WisconsinâMadison: 39â43.
1142:National Federation of Progressive Writers
493:
461:
447:
29:
2359:. Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.
1515:Liberalism and progressivism within Islam
1110:made it the strongest literary movement.
2595:Progressive Writers Association Pakistan
2479:, Akrash Publishing, Karachi, 1985, see
899:Anjuman Taraqqi Pasand Musannifin-e-Hind
581:on 9 April 1936 under the leadership of
507:: à€
à€à€żà€Č à€à€Ÿà€°à€€à„à€Ż à€Șà„à€°à€à€€à€żà€¶à„à€Č à€Čà„à€à€ à€žà€à€) was a
484:Anjuman Tarraqi Pasand Mussanafin-e-Hind
2164:
1869:
1811:
1799:
1782:
1719:
1648:Sangat Review of South Asian Literature
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1526:
720:In 1935, he and Mulk Raj Anand went to
500:Akhil Bhartiya Pragatishil Lekhak Sangh
41:
2293:10.1093/acrefore/9780190277727.013.337
2175:
2173:
2073:
1580:
1578:
1576:
974:, was the convener of the conference.
479:Progressive Writers' Movement of India
2281:"The Progressive Writers Association"
2097:
2085:
2061:
2049:
2034:
2022:
1986:
1974:
1959:
1947:
1935:
1920:
1908:
1893:
1881:
1852:
1840:
1823:
1770:
1758:
1746:
1124:Ab Agli Id Ek Azad Pakistan Main Hogi
811:In January 1936, Zaheer travelled to
18:Progressive Writer's Association
7:
2487:Progressive Movement and Urdu Poetry
2332:Mir, Ali Husain; Mir, Raza (2006a).
1070:, Ehtesham Hussain, Mumtaz Hussain,
2417:"The Progressive Writers' Movement"
511:literary movement in pre-partition
492:
433:Indian People's Theatre Association
1663:"Progressive Writers' Association"
679:
25:
4118:Organizations established in 1936
2571:, Dawn-Letters, January 15, 2006.
1040:Anjuman Taraqqi Pasand Musannifin
550:was the strongest movement after
4123:Urdu-language literary movements
2824:Muslim nationalism in South Asia
2140:Aslam, Mohammed (May 15, 1986).
475:Progressive Writers' Association
3064:Provisional Government of India
970:, who was then working for the
4108:20th-century Indian literature
2338:. Roli Books Private Limited.
1010:, Abdul Majeed Salik, Maulana
575:All India Writers' Association
1:
2220:Angarey: 9 Stories and a Play
2113:Pakistan The Problem Of India
2110:Ansari, Shaukatullah (1944).
808:, Munshi Daya Narayan Nigam.
674:League of Progressive Authors
43:Progressive Writers' Movement
4098:Social movements in Pakistan
4053:Indian independence movement
3673:Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari
2949:Chauri Chaura incident, 1922
2631:Indian independence movement
2279:Ramnath, Maia (2019-04-26),
2244:The Journal of Asian Studies
825:Sufi Ghulam Mustafa Tabassum
3863:Virendranath Chattopadhyaya
3250:Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty
2287:, Oxford University Press,
2223:. Rupa Publications India.
2202:. Oxford University Press.
1500:Communist Party of Pakistan
1164:, a company established by
921:set up a similar branch in
494:ۧÙŰŹÙ
Ù ŰȘ۱ÙÛ ÙŸŰłÙŰŻ Ù
Ű”ÙÙÛÙÙ ÛÙŰŻ
4144:
3598:Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi
3150:Indian Independence League
2867:Partition of Bengal (1947)
2862:Partition of Bengal (1905)
2196:Jalil, Rakhshanda (2014).
1162:Progressive Papers Limited
4113:Indian literary movements
4103:Social movements in India
4073:Progressivism in Pakistan
3773:Sibghatullah Shah Rashidi
3573:Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi
3270:Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
3145:Indian Home Rule movement
2984:Fourteen Points of Jinnah
2924:Jallianwala Bagh massacre
2392:10.1017/S0026749X0001653X
2374:Mahmud, Shabana (1996a).
994:as joint secretaries and
977:
957:
936:
774:
684:After the publication of
292:Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya
4088:Urdu-language literature
4012:Indian annexation of Goa
3858:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
3370:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
3135:Indian National Congress
2934:Non-cooperation movement
1495:Communist Party of India
1130:Post-independence period
884:Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay
844:Indian National Congress
626:Independence of Pakistan
428:Communist Party of India
4017:Indian Independence Act
3603:Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
3578:Jatindra Mohan Sengupta
3548:Dukkipati Nageswara Rao
3285:Kandukuri Veeresalingam
3265:Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai
3100:All-India Muslim League
3054:Royal Air Force strikes
3019:Round table conferences
3009:Chittagong armoury raid
2899:HinduâGerman Conspiracy
2882:Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy
2652:Porto Grande de Bengala
2448:Zaheer, Sajjad (2006).
2415:Sahni, Bhisham (1986).
2315:Coppola, Carlo (1981).
1687:Ravi, S. (2014-05-09).
1625:Also transliterated as
1122:; poem by Kaifi titled
1114:Pre-independence period
617:joined the Association.
155:Ghulam Mustafa Tabassum
3803:Syama Prasad Mukherjee
3708:Purushottam Das Tandon
3074:Praja Mandala movement
2888:The Indian Sociologist
2562:A Tribute to Ahmed Ali
2513:Annual of Urdu Studies
2321:Annual of Urdu Studies
2238:Malik, Hafeez (1967).
2217:áșahir, SajjÄd (2014).
1078:, Ali Abbas Hussaini,
1024:Akhtar Hussain Raipuri
831:, Abdul Majeed Salik,
702:Pramod Ranjan Sengupta
672:The idea of forming a
670:
309:Pramod Ranjan Sengupta
250:Salaam Machhalishahari
4093:Communism in Pakistan
4027:Political integration
3768:Shyamji Krishna Varma
3553:Gopal Krishna Gokhale
3498:Bhupendra Kumar Datta
3330:Rettamalai Srinivasan
3290:Mahadev Govind Ranade
3095:All India Kisan Sabha
3059:Coup d'Ă©tat of Yanaon
2959:Qissa Khwani massacre
2944:Coolie-Begar movement
2759:Second Anglo-Sikh War
2353:Ahmed, Talat (2009).
1433:Muhammad Ali Siddiqui
1227:Muhammad Ali Siddiqui
1214:Mohammad Ali Siddiqui
927:Bishambhar Nath Pande
846:which was to meet in
665:
422:Related Organisations
230:Muhammad Ali Siddiqui
4063:Pakistani literature
3853:Veeran Sundaralingam
3808:Tara Rani Srivastava
3743:Sahajanand Saraswati
3633:Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi
3518:Chandra Shekhar Azad
3423:Alluri Sitarama Raju
3380:Vitthal Ramji Shinde
3335:Sahajanand Saraswati
3255:Gopal Ganesh Agarkar
3155:Indian National Army
2999:Dharasana Satyagraha
2904:Champaran Satyagraha
2754:First Anglo-Sikh War
2427:(6 (116)): 178â183.
2380:Modern Asian Studies
2100:, pp. 252, 253.
1923:, pp. 220, 221.
1737:Retrieved 9 May 2018
1549:Retrieved 9 May 2018
1008:Chiragh Hasan Hasrat
833:Chiragh Hasan Hasrat
275:Mohiuddin Qadri Zore
3838:V. K. Krishna Menon
3783:Subhas Chandra Bose
3668:Muhammad Ali Jinnah
3663:Mohammad Ali Jauhar
3558:Govind Ballabh Pant
3538:Dayananda Saraswati
3463:Bal Gangadhar Tilak
3260:Gopal Hari Deshmukh
3240:Dhondo Keshav Karve
3235:Dayananda Saraswati
3230:Bal Gangadhar Tilak
3205:A. Vaidyanatha Iyer
2718:Anglo-Maratha Wars
2165:Mir & Mir 2006a
1962:, pp. 224â227.
1870:Mir & Mir 2006a
1448:Gulam Rabbani Taban
1288:Rajinder Singh Bedi
1200:, Ateeq Ahmad, and
1096:Rajinder Singh Bedi
972:Delhi Radio Station
947:Rabindranath Tagore
880:Jai Prakash Narayan
800:and met Premchand,
700:, Jyotirmoy Ghosh,
694:Muhammad Din Taseer
135:Shahid Ahmad Dehlvi
85:Razia Sajjad Zaheer
4083:Literary movements
4078:Communism in India
4022:Partition of India
3868:Yashwantrao Holkar
3833:V. O. Chidamabaram
3788:Subramania Bharati
3718:Rahul Sankrityayan
3703:Pritilata Waddedar
3613:Shri Krishna Singh
3513:C. Rajagopalachari
3503:Bidhan Chandra Roy
3488:Bhavabhushan Mitra
3473:Begum Hazrat Mahal
3428:Annapurna Maharana
3300:Muthulakshmi Reddy
3245:G. Subramania Iyer
2939:Christmas Day Plot
2814:Indian nationalism
2764:Sannyasi rebellion
2662:East India Company
2580:Alvi, Dr. Khalid.
2567:Ali, Orooj Ahmed,
1785:, pp. 63, 64.
1650:. 25 November 2014
1443:Majrooh Sultanpuri
1418:Ahmed Nadeem Qasmi
1388:Makhdoom Mohiuddin
1383:Sadat Hassan Manto
1166:Mian Iftikharuddin
1088:Sobho Gianchandani
1080:Makhdoom Mohiuddin
1060:Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi
1056:Saadat Hasan Manto
952:New Indian Writing
860:Sahitya ka Udeshya
821:Mian Iftikharuddin
798:Hindustani Academy
611:Saadat Hasan Manto
607:Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi
531:anti-imperialistic
529:These groups were
195:Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi
150:Majrooh Sultanpuri
115:Saadat Hasan Manto
4058:Indian literature
4040:
4039:
4007:Republic of India
3843:Vallabhbhai Patel
3828:Ubaidullah Sindhi
3728:Ram Prasad Bismil
3623:M. Bhaktavatsalam
3583:Jatindra Nath Das
3508:Bipin Chandra Pal
3443:Babu Kunwar Singh
3413:Achyut Patwardhan
3170:Khudai Khidmatgar
3014:GandhiâIrwin Pact
2954:Kakori conspiracy
2914:Rowlatt Committee
2877:Direct Action Day
2839:Swadeshi movement
2819:Khilafat Movement
2809:Hindu nationalism
2769:Rebellion of 1857
2692:Anglo-Mysore Wars
2682:Battle of Plassey
2461:978-0-19-547155-7
2421:Indian Literature
2366:978-0-415-48064-2
2345:978-93-5194-065-4
2302:978-0-19-027772-7
2230:978-81-291-3108-9
2209:978-0-19-809673-3
2167:, pp. 68â81.
1689:"Still simmering"
1510:Khilafat Movement
1338:Majnun Gorakhpuri
1323:Himayat Ali Shair
1120:Pakistan ka Trana
1032:Majnun Gorakhpuri
710:Ralph Winston Fox
583:Syed Sajjad Zahir
540:According to the
471:
470:
400:Twilight in Delhi
170:Majnun Gorakhpuri
16:(Redirected from
4135:
4032:Simla Conference
3823:Tiruppur Kumaran
3793:Subramaniya Siva
3748:Sangolli Rayanna
3738:Rash Behari Bose
3678:Nagnath Naikwadi
3588:Jawaharlal Nehru
3533:Dadabhai Naoroji
3528:Chittaranjan Das
3418:A. K. Fazlul Huq
3340:Savitribai Phule
3165:Khaksar movement
3120:Berlin Committee
3105:Anushilan Samiti
3069:Independence Day
3029:Aundh Experiment
3004:Vedaranyam March
2909:Kheda Satyagraha
2894:Singapore Mutiny
2677:Portuguese India
2624:
2617:
2610:
2601:
2555:
2528:
2510:
2492:Ali Sardar Jafri
2465:
2444:
2411:
2370:
2349:
2328:
2311:
2310:
2309:
2275:
2234:
2213:
2183:
2177:
2168:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2137:
2128:
2127:
2107:
2101:
2095:
2089:
2083:
2077:
2071:
2065:
2059:
2053:
2047:
2038:
2032:
2026:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2010:
1996:
1990:
1984:
1978:
1972:
1963:
1957:
1951:
1945:
1939:
1933:
1924:
1918:
1912:
1906:
1897:
1891:
1885:
1879:
1873:
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1856:
1850:
1844:
1838:
1827:
1821:
1815:
1809:
1803:
1797:
1786:
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1774:
1768:
1762:
1756:
1750:
1744:
1738:
1732:
1723:
1717:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1707:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1605:Lucknow Observer
1597:
1591:
1582:
1571:
1565:
1550:
1544:
1505:Islamic feminism
1463:Khagendra Thakur
1408:Munshi Premchand
1353:Ali Sardar Jafri
1333:Firaq Gorakhpuri
1263:Jan Nisar Akhtar
1194:Shaukat Siddiqui
1102:, Ali Sikandar,
1064:Ali Sardar Jafri
888:Jawaharlal Nehru
856:Ale Ahmad Suroor
852:Rifah-e-Aam Hall
802:Maulvi Abdul Haq
782:Firaq Gorakhpuri
496:
495:
463:
456:
449:
405:Manto Ke Afsanay
349:Kashmiri writers
245:Shaukat Siddiqui
190:Ale Ahmad Suroor
175:Firaq Gorakhpuri
160:Ali Sardar Jafri
125:Jan Nisar Akhtar
30:
21:
4143:
4142:
4138:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4133:
4132:
4043:
4042:
4041:
4036:
3997:Cabinet Mission
3985:
3889:British leaders
3884:
3873:Yogendra Shukla
3778:Siraj ud-Daulah
3733:Rani Lakshmibai
3723:Rajendra Prasad
3713:R. Venkataraman
3658:Mithuben Petitâ
3638:Mahadaji Shinde
3618:Lala Lajpat Rai
3453:Bahadur Shah II
3438:Ashfaqulla Khan
3408:Accamma Cherian
3403:Abul Kalam Azad
3395:
3389:
3360:Syed Ahmad Khan
3350:Sister Nivedita
3315:Pandita Ramabai
3310:Niralamba Swami
3275:J. B. Kripalani
3200:Ashfaqulla Khan
3192:
3186:
3125:Ghadar Movement
3083:
2964:Flag Satyagraha
2872:Revolutionaries
2854:
2848:
2791:
2785:
2687:Battle of Buxar
2633:
2628:
2591:
2552:
2536:
2508:
2503:
2472:
2470:Further reading
2462:
2447:
2414:
2373:
2367:
2352:
2346:
2331:
2314:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2278:
2256:10.2307/2051241
2237:
2231:
2216:
2210:
2195:
2192:
2187:
2186:
2178:
2171:
2163:
2159:
2150:
2148:
2139:
2138:
2131:
2124:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2096:
2092:
2084:
2080:
2072:
2068:
2060:
2056:
2048:
2041:
2033:
2029:
2021:
2017:
2008:
2006:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1985:
1981:
1973:
1966:
1958:
1954:
1946:
1942:
1934:
1927:
1919:
1915:
1907:
1900:
1892:
1888:
1880:
1876:
1868:
1859:
1851:
1847:
1839:
1830:
1822:
1818:
1810:
1806:
1798:
1789:
1781:
1777:
1769:
1765:
1757:
1753:
1745:
1741:
1733:
1726:
1718:
1714:
1705:
1703:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1671:
1669:
1661:
1653:
1651:
1642:
1624:
1620:
1610:
1608:
1607:. 5 August 2015
1599:
1598:
1594:
1583:
1574:
1566:
1553:
1545:
1528:
1523:
1486:
1473:Ali Jawad Zaidi
1378:Josh Malihabadi
1368:Sahir Ludhianvi
1328:Khatir Ghaznavi
1313:Faiz Ahmad Faiz
1298:Krishan Chander
1246:
1202:Hamidi Kashmiri
1154:
1137:
1132:
1116:
1072:Sahir Ludhianvi
1048:Krishan Chander
1036:Manzoor Hussain
1028:Faiz Ahmed Faiz
1016:Josh Malihabadi
980:
968:Krishan Chander
960:
939:
872:Jainendra Kumar
864:Yusuf Meherally
829:Akhtar Sheerani
806:Josh Malihabadi
777:
750:Hiren Mukherjee
682:
640:
635:
603:Faiz Ahmad Faiz
591:Rifa-e-Aam Club
560:
548:Urdu literature
467:
438:
437:
423:
415:
414:
385:
377:
376:
366:Marathi writers
320:Punjabi writers
298:Bengali writers
281:English writers
225:Khatir Ghaznavi
220:Krishan Chander
145:Sahir Ludhianvi
140:Josh Malihabadi
95:Faiz Ahmad Faiz
52:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4141:
4139:
4131:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4045:
4044:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3993:
3991:
3987:
3986:
3984:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3892:
3890:
3886:
3885:
3883:
3882:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3813:Tarak Nath Das
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3763:Shuja-ud-Daula
3760:
3755:
3753:Sarojini Naidu
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3698:Prafulla Chaki
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3643:Mahatma Gandhi
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3399:
3397:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3365:Vakkom Moulavi
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3295:Mahatma Gandhi
3292:
3287:
3282:
3280:Jyotirao Phule
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3220:B. R. Ambedkar
3217:
3212:
3210:Ayya Vaikundar
3207:
3202:
3196:
3194:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3184:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3091:
3089:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3039:Cripps Mission
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2929:Noakhali riots
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2858:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2795:
2793:
2792:and ideologies
2787:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2776:
2774:Radcliffe Line
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2749:Vellore Mutiny
2746:
2741:
2740:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2716:
2715:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2643:
2641:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2619:
2612:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2590:
2589:External links
2587:
2586:
2585:
2578:
2572:
2565:
2557:
2556:
2550:
2534:
2530:
2529:
2501:
2494:
2483:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2466:
2460:
2445:
2412:
2386:(2): 447â467.
2371:
2365:
2350:
2344:
2329:
2312:
2301:
2276:
2250:(4): 649â664.
2235:
2229:
2214:
2208:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2169:
2157:
2129:
2122:
2102:
2090:
2088:, p. 251.
2078:
2076:, p. 186.
2066:
2064:, p. 260.
2054:
2039:
2037:, p. 246.
2027:
2025:, p. 245.
2015:
1991:
1979:
1977:, p. 228.
1964:
1952:
1950:, p. 222.
1940:
1938:, p. 221.
1925:
1913:
1911:, p. 220.
1898:
1896:, p. 204.
1886:
1884:, p. 203.
1874:
1857:
1855:, p. 201.
1845:
1828:
1826:, p. 200.
1816:
1804:
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1775:
1773:, p. 199.
1763:
1761:, p. 196.
1751:
1749:, p. 192.
1739:
1724:
1712:
1679:
1667:Making Britain
1618:
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1572:
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1522:
1519:
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1478:Mulk Raj Anand
1475:
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1440:
1438:Salma Siddiqui
1435:
1430:
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1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1393:Gul Khan Nasir
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1363:Majaz Lucknawi
1360:
1355:
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1345:
1340:
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1330:
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1320:
1315:
1310:
1308:Vijaydan Detha
1305:
1303:Ismat Chughtai
1300:
1295:
1293:Farigh Bukhari
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1273:Sulaiman Areeb
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1245:
1242:
1171:Pakistan Times
1153:
1150:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1115:
1112:
1108:Majaz Lucknawi
979:
976:
959:
956:
938:
935:
892:Sarojini Naidu
868:Indulal Yagnik
776:
773:
730:Henri Barbusse
715:Denmark Street
698:Mulk Raj Anand
681:
678:
639:
636:
634:
631:
630:
629:
618:
615:Ismat Chughtai
577:was set up in
571:
564:
559:
556:
469:
468:
466:
465:
458:
451:
443:
440:
439:
436:
435:
430:
424:
421:
420:
417:
416:
413:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
386:
383:
382:
379:
378:
375:
374:
363:
362:
360:Dinanath Nadim
357:
346:
345:
334:
333:
328:
317:
316:
311:
306:
295:
294:
289:
287:Mulk Raj Anand
278:
277:
272:
267:
262:
257:
252:
247:
242:
237:
235:Sulaiman Areeb
232:
227:
222:
217:
215:Salma Siddiqui
212:
207:
202:
197:
192:
187:
182:
177:
172:
167:
165:Akhtar ul Iman
162:
157:
152:
147:
142:
137:
132:
130:Shamim Karhani
127:
122:
117:
112:
110:Ismat Chughtai
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
53:
50:
49:
46:
45:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4140:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4068:Progressivism
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4048:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3988:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3887:
3881:
3880:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3758:Satyapal Dang
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3683:Nana Fadnavis
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3648:Mangal Pandey
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3608:Khudiram Bose
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3523:Chetram Jatav
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3493:Bhikaiji Cama
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3483:Bharathidasan
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3468:Basawon Singh
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3392:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3355:Sri Aurobindo
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3325:Ram Mohan Roy
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3305:Narayana Guru
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3189:
3183:
3182:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3088:Organisations
3086:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3049:Bombay Mutiny
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3034:Indian Legion
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2974:1928 Protests
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2919:Rowlatt Bills
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2889:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2851:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2788:
2782:
2781:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2625:
2620:
2618:
2613:
2611:
2606:
2605:
2602:
2596:
2593:
2592:
2588:
2583:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2569:Sajjad Zaheer
2566:
2563:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2551:81-7001-011-X
2547:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2507:
2504:Zeno (1994).
2502:
2500:
2499:
2495:
2493:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2463:
2457:
2453:
2452:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2372:
2368:
2362:
2358:
2357:
2351:
2347:
2341:
2337:
2336:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2313:
2304:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2236:
2232:
2226:
2222:
2221:
2215:
2211:
2205:
2201:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2190:Cited sources
2189:
2181:
2176:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2161:
2158:
2147:
2143:
2136:
2134:
2130:
2125:
2119:
2115:
2114:
2106:
2103:
2099:
2094:
2091:
2087:
2082:
2079:
2075:
2070:
2067:
2063:
2058:
2055:
2051:
2046:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2031:
2028:
2024:
2019:
2016:
2005:
2001:
1995:
1992:
1989:, p. 32.
1988:
1983:
1980:
1976:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1956:
1953:
1949:
1944:
1941:
1937:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1917:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1890:
1887:
1883:
1878:
1875:
1871:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1849:
1846:
1842:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1820:
1817:
1814:, p. 64.
1813:
1808:
1805:
1801:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1779:
1776:
1772:
1767:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1752:
1748:
1743:
1740:
1736:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1716:
1713:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1683:
1680:
1668:
1664:
1649:
1645:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1622:
1619:
1606:
1602:
1596:
1593:
1589:
1586:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1520:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1490:Pak Tea House
1488:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1468:Sajjad Zaheer
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1428:Bhisham Sahni
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1413:Amrita Pritam
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1343:Sibt-e-Hassan
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1258:Hameed Akhtar
1256:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1238:Hameed Akhtar
1235:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1206:Hameed Akhtar
1203:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1178:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1143:
1134:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1100:Amrita Pritam
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1052:Ismat Chugtai
1049:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1012:Hasrat Mohani
1009:
1005:
999:
997:
996:Mama Varerkar
993:
989:
985:
975:
973:
969:
965:
955:
953:
948:
944:
934:
930:
928:
924:
920:
919:Hasrat Mohani
916:
911:
909:
904:
900:
895:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
876:Saghar Nizami
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
840:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
819:to stay with
818:
814:
809:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
772:
769:
767:
766:
761:
760:
755:
751:
747:
742:
737:
735:
734:André Malraux
731:
727:
723:
718:
716:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
677:
675:
669:
664:
662:
661:
656:
651:
647:
646:
637:
632:
627:
623:
619:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
599:Hameed Akhtar
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
570:in July 1936.
569:
565:
562:
561:
558:Organizations
557:
555:
553:
549:
545:
544:
538:
536:
535:left-oriented
532:
527:
526:
522:
518:
514:
513:British India
510:
506:
502:
501:
490:
486:
485:
480:
476:
464:
459:
457:
452:
450:
445:
444:
442:
441:
434:
431:
429:
426:
425:
419:
418:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
387:
384:Notable works
381:
380:
373:
372:Mama Varerkar
370:
369:
368:
367:
361:
358:
356:
353:
352:
351:
350:
344:
341:
340:
339:
338:
337:Hindi writers
332:
329:
327:
326:Amrita Pritam
324:
323:
322:
321:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
301:
300:
299:
293:
290:
288:
285:
284:
283:
282:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
265:Hajra Masroor
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
240:Hameed Akhtar
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
203:
201:
200:Akhtar Husain
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
151:
148:
146:
143:
141:
138:
136:
133:
131:
128:
126:
123:
121:
118:
116:
113:
111:
108:
106:
103:
101:
98:
96:
93:
91:
88:
86:
83:
81:
78:
76:
73:
71:
68:
66:
63:
61:
60:Sajjad Zaheer
58:
57:
56:
48:
47:
44:
40:
36:
32:
31:
19:
4002:Constitution
3990:Independence
3877:
3848:Vanchinathan
3478:Bhagat Singh
3433:Annie Besant
3394:Independence
3375:Vinoba Bhave
3179:
3175:Swaraj Party
3079:Lucknow Pact
2989:Purna Swaraj
2979:Nehru Report
2886:
2790:Philosophies
2778:
2744:Polygar Wars
2672:French India
2657:Dutch Bengal
2647:Colonisation
2581:
2575:ahsaas 1,2,3
2574:
2568:
2561:
2541:
2516:
2512:
2496:
2485:
2476:
2475:Ali, Ahmed,
2450:
2424:
2420:
2383:
2379:
2355:
2334:
2324:
2320:
2306:, retrieved
2284:
2247:
2243:
2219:
2198:
2160:
2149:. Retrieved
2145:
2112:
2105:
2093:
2081:
2069:
2057:
2030:
2018:
2007:. Retrieved
2003:
1994:
1982:
1955:
1943:
1916:
1889:
1877:
1848:
1819:
1812:Coppola 1981
1807:
1800:Ramnath 2019
1783:Coppola 1981
1778:
1766:
1754:
1742:
1720:Mahmud 1996a
1715:
1704:. Retrieved
1692:
1682:
1670:. Retrieved
1666:
1652:. Retrieved
1647:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1621:
1609:. Retrieved
1604:
1595:
1458:M. D. Taseer
1453:Habib Tanvir
1423:Saadat Saeed
1398:Somen Chanda
1373:Zafar Mairaj
1358:Rashid Jahan
1247:
1231:
1186:
1182:Lail-o-Nihar
1181:
1177:Daily Imroze
1175:
1169:
1161:
1157:
1155:
1146:
1141:
1138:
1123:
1119:
1117:
1084:Ibrahim Joyo
1068:Sibte Hassan
1044:
1039:
1030:, Professor
1018:, Professor
1000:
981:
961:
951:
940:
931:
912:
907:
898:
896:
859:
841:
810:
786:Amarnath Jha
778:
770:
763:
757:
740:
738:
719:
685:
683:
673:
671:
666:
658:
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650:Rashid Jahan
643:
641:
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365:
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304:Somen Chanda
297:
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280:
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260:Khawar Rizvi
210:Habib Tanvir
205:Fikr Taunsvi
180:Sibte Hassan
80:Rashid Jahan
75:Hajrah Begum
70:M. D. Taseer
55:Urdu writers
54:
42:
3946:Mountbatten
3568:Hemu Kalani
3448:Bagha Jatin
3385:Vivekananda
3140:India House
3024:Act of 1935
2799:Ambedkarism
2667:British Raj
2146:India Today
2074:Zaheer 2006
1348:Habib Jalib
1318:Ahmed Faraz
1253:Mirza Adeeb
1198:Hasan Abidi
1189:McCarthyism
1092:Shaikh Ayaz
992:K. A. Abbas
903:Abdul Aleem
837:Mian Bashir
765:Left Review
746:K.M. Ashraf
706:Hajra Begum
509:progressive
395:Atish Paray
355:Rehman Rahi
270:K. A. Abbas
185:Habib Jalib
105:Ahmad Faraz
90:Abdul Aleem
4047:Categories
3976:Linlithgow
3916:Chelmsford
3906:Cornwallis
3818:Tatya Tope
3688:Nana Saheb
3593:K. Kamaraj
3543:Dhan Singh
3458:Bakht Khan
3110:Arya Samaj
3044:Quit India
2994:Salt March
2853:Events and
2829:Satyagraha
2538:Ali, Ahmed
2308:2021-09-30
2151:2021-01-05
2123:8171694268
2098:Jalil 2014
2086:Jalil 2014
2062:Jalil 2014
2050:Sahni 1986
2035:Jalil 2014
2023:Jalil 2014
2009:2021-01-06
1987:Ahmed 2009
1975:Jalil 2014
1960:Jalil 2014
1948:Jalil 2014
1936:Jalil 2014
1921:Jalil 2014
1909:Jalil 2014
1894:Jalil 2014
1882:Jalil 2014
1853:Jalil 2014
1841:Malik 1967
1824:Jalil 2014
1771:Jalil 2014
1759:Jalil 2014
1747:Jalil 2014
1706:2021-01-05
1644:"Angaarey"
1521:References
1283:Kaifi Azmi
1278:Idris Azad
1223:Munnu Bhai
1104:Zoe Ansari
1076:Kaifi Azmi
988:Bishnu Dey
790:Tara Chand
726:André Gide
660:The Leader
331:Ahmad Rahi
314:Bishnu Dey
255:Aziz Qaisi
120:Kaifi Azmi
3951:Wellesley
3936:Dalhousie
3798:Surya Sen
3693:P. Kakkan
3653:Mir Qasim
3628:M. N. Roy
3563:Har Dayal
3396:activists
3225:Baba Amte
3215:Ayyankali
3193:reformers
3115:Azad Hind
2855:movements
2834:Socialism
2525:0734-5348
2481:Afterword
2433:0019-5804
2400:0026-749X
2264:0021-9118
1701:0971-751X
1693:The Hindu
1403:Prem Nath
1268:Ahmed Ali
1232:In their
1218:Qazi Abid
1020:Ahmed Ali
1004:Abdul Haq
966:in 1942.
794:Allahabad
754:Premchand
741:Manifesto
587:Ahmed Ali
343:Premchand
65:Ahmed Ali
3981:Hastings
3941:Bentinck
3160:Jugantar
2804:Gandhism
2441:24159089
2327:: 57â69.
2004:The Wire
1635:Angaarey
1627:Angaaray
1484:See also
1152:Pakistan
943:Calcutta
813:Amritsar
628:in 1947.
552:Sir Syed
525:Pakistan
35:a series
33:Part of
3901:Canning
3320:Periyar
2969:Bardoli
2737:Gwalior
2639:History
2272:2051241
1639:Anghare
1631:Angarey
1244:Writers
1234:Karachi
908:Roshnai
854:, with
848:Lucknow
686:Angarey
645:Angarey
633:History
595:Lucknow
589:at the
579:Lucknow
568:Kolkata
521:Kashmir
477:or the
390:Angarey
51:Members
3971:Cripps
3966:Outram
3956:Lytton
3921:Curzon
3896:Wavell
3191:Social
2844:Swaraj
2727:Second
2712:Fourth
2702:Second
2548:
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984:Bombay
923:Kanpur
917:while
874:, and
817:Lahore
788:, and
690:London
638:Origin
3961:Clive
3931:Minto
3926:Ripon
3911:Irwin
3345:Shahu
2732:Third
2722:First
2707:Third
2697:First
2509:(PDF)
2490:, by
2437:JSTOR
2404:JSTOR
2268:JSTOR
1672:9 May
1654:9 May
1637:, or
1611:9 May
1225:, Dr
1135:India
1022:, Dr
964:Delhi
915:Patna
722:Paris
517:India
505:Hindi
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410:Dhuan
100:Majaz
3879:more
3181:more
2780:more
2546:ISBN
2521:ISSN
2456:ISBN
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2361:ISBN
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2225:ISBN
2204:ISBN
2118:ISBN
1697:ISSN
1674:2018
1660:and
1656:2018
1613:2018
1588:Dawn
1180:and
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752:and
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533:and
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