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212:, was the first documentary about Japanese American removal. The film implies that the West coast was in danger of becoming a war zone after Pearl Harbor and removal was for safety. It emphasized that this was done in a democratic, carefully planned manner, often showing internees happily cooperating. The footage of the camps implied that there was sense of order and command in the camps, with the high angles and panoramic views. Near the end of the film, it ensures viewers that internees will be able to leave after enemies had left the country. It also sends a message to the Axis countries asking that if any US prisoners are in their care, they hope they would be treated in the same 'democratic' ways.
385:, defined as "anything which is perceived as being foreign or strange." Stereotypes that could be easily identified in Anti-Japanese propaganda included exaggerated skin color and perpetuated the idea of the Japanese being weaker or less capable than Americans, as well as picturing the Japanese as animals or murderous. Many of the available examples of racism in Anti-Japanese propaganda share the same likeness of a Japanese person with yellow skin, squinted eyes, and sharp, fang-like teeth. Many of the examples also include the saying, "This is the Enemy". This phrase further emphasizes the goal of the
135:, which recognized specific strategic sites on the United States West Coast as off-limits to people of Japanese descent. This order gave members of the military the authority to remove Japanese people from the area if their presence there was deemed too close to the strategic installations. In April 1942, Exclusion Order 346 was issued to force the Japanese American citizens to live in assembly centers which were located in various open spaces such as fairgrounds and tracks. By the fall of 1942, the Japanese people had been evacuated out of the West Coast and into inland
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stated "..There is danger of a blind, wild, hysterical hatred of all persons who can trace ancestry to Japan…who can say that the big majority of our
Japanese Americans are not loyal…their record bespeaks nothing but loyalty: their sons are in our army…it will not dispute the federal government if it, in its considered wisdom, calls for the removal of all Japanese. Such orders… will be based on necessity and not hatred." It stressed that Japanese Americans were citizens and deserved to be trusted as being loyal to the U.S.
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17:
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319:, outlined several issues through editorial and opinion pieces. The newspaper took a pro-internment stance and in 1942 wrote, "If the innocent are interned with the guilty, it will not be a very serious matter. If any Japs are allowed to remain at large in this country, it might spell the greatest disaster in history" (
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from releasing media or material that was intentionally planned to be seen internationally. Additionally, the provisions of the act fixated on the communication of the government domestically. This provision was where the discussion of the U.S. propaganda was held. It maintained that the U.S. State
269:
was among the newspapers of the time to criminalize the
Japanese-American population, stating, "We have had enough experiences with Japs in times of peace to emphasize the opinion that they are not to be trusted." Violent sentiment would also be characteristic of some of these editorials, as when a
189:
depicts
Japanese American internees who live in a camp that functions like a 'normal' community'. The camps are shown to have activities that would be found outside of the camps, such as sports, school, clubs, and other organizations. They also film internees who are working in agricultural fields,
420:
and are content with the way that current relations with Japan are today. 68% of
Americans said they felt they could trust Japan as opposed to 75% of Japanese people who felt they could trust the United States. There is certainly still animosity held from more senior populations from both American
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near
Washington state, was the first place in which the U.S. military evacuated all civilians of Japanese descent. This publication was the first to shed the internment in a negative light and became the only newspaper in this area to oppose internment in their editorials. In the editorial, they
332:
weekly newspaper came out as pro-evacuation of
Japanese residing in the U.S. two months after the attack on Pearl Harbor. On February 26, 1942, the front page read, "Complete evacuation of aliens--a common sense move--why delay?" and "GET 'EM OUT!" on page 7 of the newspaper
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now allows for domestic dissemination from government agencies such as the State
Department and the Broadcasting Board of Governors (BBG). Many American civilians hold concerns about the possibility of propaganda being reintroduced into American due to this amendment.
441:
came to an end. It included the resettlement of the majority of the
Japanese Americans and equal treatment of these people once back in their homes and neighborhoods. Those who were determined to be potential security risks by the criteria established by the
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77:
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built by the United States government to hold over 80,000 evacuees. Propaganda in favor of
Japanese-American internment was produced by both the government and local citizens through mediums such as movies and print.
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is said to have produced this film after multiple claims that they were being too 'soft' and 'coddling' the internees and using tax money to care for the internees while resources were scarce during the war.
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176:. It is one of the most exhaustive films created by the United States about Japanese internment as well as the 442nd Infantry regiment. It is composed of footage from other propaganda films such as
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column published in March 1942 presented arguments for and against the relocation of individuals of
Japanese heritage. Those in favor of internment were paranoid of coastal submarine attacks near
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An example of WWII Anti-Japanese propaganda dating from 1943. This form of propaganda features racial stereotypes through the depiction of the Japanese. The "You" and "And I" represent America.
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to illustrate the Japanese as evil. This success by the media to cultivate a hostile view toward the Japanese allowed for the widespread acceptance by the American people of
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produced multiple films about Japanese internment during World War 2. They were intended to form and shift public opinion of those living in the United States at the time.
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113:, the social fear of the Japanese people, and citizen-influenced farming conflicts with the Japanese people. This, along with the attitude of the leaders of the
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Displaying race as different in a negative light through propaganda was a common way to show the difference between good and evil. This concept is tied to
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producing their own crops which are solely for the use of the internment camps. The narrator assures viewers that the internees are not disloyal to the
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Chiasson, L.E. (1991). The Japanese-American encampment: An editorial analysis of 27 west coast newspapers. The Newspaper Research Journal, 92-107.
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expressed, "The loyal Jap American citizens have the law on their side, but that may not protect them. Besides, what is the law and what is the
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heavily relied on the use of dehumanizing depictions of the Japanese and Japanese-Americans. These sentiments that have been present throughout
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309:. Opponents expressed concern about undertaking a moral war overseas while simultaneously persecuting an ethnic group on U.S. soil.
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created between 1941 and 1944 within the United States that focused on the relocation of Japanese Americans from the West Coast to
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articles. The significance of this propaganda was to project the relocation of Japanese Americans as matter of national security.
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Ng, W. (2002). Japanese-American internment during world war II: A history and reference guide. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
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to protect the civil rights of Japanese Americans led to the successful relocation of both native and foreign born Japanese.
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Department should only engage in such material out of necessity and should not become a monopoly of domestic broadcasting.
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deemed that exclusion of loyal Japanese-American citizens was unconstitutional and through Public Proclamation 21, the
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media also played an integral role in influencing national attitudes toward Japanese American citizens. Many times,
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have decreased and relations with the Japanese are far less strained. In fact, according to a study conducted by
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Okihiro, G.Y. (1983). The press, Japanese Americans, and the concentration camps. Phylon, 44(1), 66-83.
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Dower, J.W. (1986). War without mercy: Race and power in the Pacific war. New York: Pantheon Books.
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843:"How a Public Media Campaign Led to Japanese Incarceration during WWII | American Experience | PBS"
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42:–states with a large population of ethnic Japanese–as prepared to conduct sabotage against the U.S.
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Soon after, in 1948, the U.S. Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948 was passed by
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stance, stating, "We have to be tough, even if civil rights do take a beating for a time".
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and Japanese society. Pew says that over half of Americans believe that the bombing of
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that resulted from the racism toward Japanese people during the war lasted post WWII.
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741:"The Internment of Japanese Americans as reported by Seattle Area Weekly Newspapers"
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653:"Apologies or Apologists - Remembering the Japanese American Internment in Wyoming"
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710:"Newsweek Rewind: How We Covered the Internment of Japanese-Americans during WWII"
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would approach relocation as a necessary inevitability characteristic in times of
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are believed to have existed before WWII, and were perpetuated through the
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61:. Several types of media were used to reach the American people such as
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Not all Seattle publications shed the internment in a positive light,
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As a prominent news source for many Americans in the 1940s, the
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Japanese American Memorial to Patriotism During World War II
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Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians
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1942 editorial propaganda cartoon in the New York newspaper
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Fred T. Korematsu Institute for Civil Rights and Education
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to a dead Jap. If they are smart, they will not return".
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on December 7, 1941, American attitudes towards people of
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on February 21, 1942, displayed a pro-Japanese-American
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Though resettlement was issued by the U.S. government,
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of the time, which played upon issues of racism on the
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Bainbridge Island Japanese American Exclusion Memorial
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457:continued throughout the duration of the war until
105:. This sentiment became further intensified by the
1717:History of racial segregation in the United States
614:"The Japanese-American Internment: A Reappraisal"
484:On July 2, 2013, the Smith-Mundt Act was amended.
745:Seattle Civil Rights & Labor History Project
450:were not allowed into specific high risk areas.
1437:List of inmates of Topaz War Relocation Center
361:Racial Stereotypes in Anti-Japanese Propaganda
346:released statements showing where they stood.
915:
410:Anti-Japanese sentiments in the United States
223:while relocated at the Amache Internment Camp
8:
1652:Densho: The Japanese American Legacy Project
1259:Fort Missoula Alien Enemy Detention Facility
841:September 23; Wakida, 2021 | Patricia Miye.
1264:Fort Stanton Alien Enemy Detention Facility
1254:Fort Lincoln Alien Enemy Detention Facility
1249:Crystal City Alien Enemy Detention Facility
865:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
164:(1944) is an 18-minute film created by the
47:Propaganda for Japanese-American internment
1657:Japanese Evacuation and Resettlement Study
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89:to advertise Japanese-American Relocation.
1284:Seagoville Alien Enemy Detention Facility
486:The Smith-Mundt Modernization Act of 2012
1712:American propaganda during World War II
1499:Hotel on the Corner of Bitter and Sweet
1279:Santa Fe Alien Enemy Detention Facility
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1274:Kooskia Alien Enemy Detention Facility
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590:U.S. War Relocation Authority (1944),
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1427:Category:Japanese-American internees
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117:and the lack of perseverance by the
1672:Japanese American Internment Museum
281:Many newspapers would also publish
208:, a 9-minute film also by the U.S.
818:"Anti-Japanese propaganda in WWII"
14:
1640:Japanese American National Museum
337:, February 26, 1942, p. 7).
323:, February 14, 1942, p. 1).
1722:Internment of Japanese Americans
1365:Fort Sam Houston Internment Camp
1018:Military service in World War II
931:Internment of Japanese Americans
30:depicting Japanese Americans in
1360:Fort Richardson Internment Camp
476:This act served to prevent the
95:Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
1197:Woodland Civil Control Station
1:
1345:Fort McDowell Internment Camp
1294:Tuna Canyon Detention Station
1132:Owens Valley Reception Center
1033:Military Intelligence Service
537:Mizuno, Takeya (2024-02-18).
1375:Griffith Park Detention Camp
1289:Sharp Park Detention Station
565:Austin, Allan (2014-04-16).
369:in the United States during
343:The Bainbridge Island Review
174:Office of Strategic Services
101:indicated a strong sense of
1608:Civil Liberties Act of 1988
1562:When the Emperor was Divine
1432:List of inmates of Manzanar
1405:Sand Island Internment Camp
1340:Fort Howard Internment Camp
1244:Catalina Federal Honor Camp
1172:Santa Anita Assembly Center
1137:Parker Dam Reception Center
651:Muller, Eric (2001-01-01).
612:Sundquist, Eric J. (1988).
539:"Office of War Information"
435:United States Supreme Court
266:The Bakersfield Californian
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1410:Stringtown Internment Camp
1385:Honouliuli Internment Camp
1355:Fort Lewis Internment Camp
1350:Fort Meade Internment Camp
1335:Fort Bliss Internment Camp
1162:Sacramento Assembly Center
793:"Definition of XENOPHOBIA"
708:Verger, Rob (2014-02-24).
433:On December 17, 1944, the
168:in collaboration with the
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1400:Lordsburg Internment Camp
1370:Fort Sill Internment Camp
1206:Citizen Isolation centers
593:Challenge to Democracy, A
468:. It is now known as the
391:Japanese internment camps
210:Office of War Information
170:Office of War Information
154:Office of War Information
1615:Renunciation Act of 1944
1182:Tanforan Assembly Center
1177:Stockton Assembly Center
1157:Puyallup Assembly Center
1152:Portland Assembly Center
1142:Pinedale Assembly Center
1028:100th Infantry Battalion
1003:Life before World War II
993:War Relocation Authority
455:anti-Japanese propaganda
404:The effects on American
196:War Relocation Authority
187:A Challenge to Democracy
166:War Relocation Authority
161:A Challenge to Democracy
150:War Relocation Authority
1598:Redress and court cases
1548:Under the Blood Red Sun
1527:The Buddha in the Attic
1192:Turlock Assembly Center
1167:Salinas Assembly Center
1023:442nd Infantry Regiment
1008:Life after World War II
797:www.merriam-webster.com
669:10.59643/1942-9916.1015
567:"OWI/WRA documentaries"
352:, which was located on
272:Corvallis Gazette Times
254:San Francisco Chronicle
115:Western Defense Command
85:were posted around the
1520:Snow Falling on Cedars
1506:Judgment Without Trial
1213:Leupp Isolation Center
1187:Tulare Assembly Center
1147:Pomona Assembly Center
1127:Merced Assembly Center
1117:Fresno Assembly Center
1112:Arboga Assembly Center
769:"Gale - Product Login"
423:Hiroshima and Nagasaki
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312:A weekly publication,
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124:On February 19, 1942,
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43:
1662:The Long Journey Home
1635:Go for Broke Monument
1603:Evacuation Claims Act
1573:List of feature films
1568:List of documentaries
1395:Kilauea Military Camp
1380:Haiku Internment Camp
1218:Moab Isolation Center
1122:Mayer Assembly Center
399:
350:The Bainbridge Review
218:
129:Franklin D. Roosevelt
80:
19:
1630:Empty Chair Memorial
1534:The Invisible Thread
1492:Farewell to Manzanar
1237:Detention facilities
1223:Old Raton Ranch Camp
955:Executive Order 9102
950:Executive Order 9066
618:The American Scholar
461:on August 15, 1945.
182:Go For Broke (1943).
178:The Way Ahead (1943)
133:Executive Order 9066
83:Executive Order 9066
1485:Born Free and Equal
1459:Elaine Black Yoneda
1444:Estelle Peck Ishigo
1419:Notable incarcerees
1044:Concentration camps
822:J387: Media History
571:Densho Encyclopedia
543:Densho Encyclopedia
414:Pew Research Center
379:wartime propaganda.
335:West Seattle Herald
329:West Seattle Herald
240:published in these
204:Japanese Relocation
81:Notices explaining
1625:Fred Korematsu Day
1620:Day of Remembrance
988:Lordsburg killings
657:Wyoming Law Review
444:Justice Department
402:
225:
219:Internees farming
119:Justice Department
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44:
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773:galeapps.gale.com
739:Colasurdo, Luke.
429:End of internment
354:Bainbridge Island
290:Japanese military
99:Japanese ancestry
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1541:The Moved-Outers
1390:Kalaheo Stockade
1105:Assembly centers
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663:(2): 473–495.
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1579:Go for Broke!
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968:Hirabayashi
847:www.pbs.org
303:Los Angeles
221:sugar beets
206:(1942 film)
1706:Categories
1555:Weedflower
1478:Allegiance
1468:Literature
1449:Ralph Lazo
1325:Camp McCoy
1051:Gila River
1013:Propaganda
938:Key topics
890:2023-11-07
852:2023-11-07
827:2023-11-07
803:2024-04-04
778:2023-11-07
599:2024-04-05
576:2024-04-05
548:2024-04-02
493:References
474:Karl Mundt
439:internment
383:xenophobia
367:propaganda
283:propaganda
259:internment
242:newspapers
238:editorials
228:Newspapers
111:West Coast
93:After the
87:West Coast
51:propaganda
40:Washington
32:California
1513:No-No Boy
1096:Tule Lake
975:Korematsu
677:1942-9916
630:0003-0937
317:(Seattle)
315:The Argus
234:newspaper
126:President
67:newspaper
28:Dr. Seuss
1693:Category
1470:and arts
1076:Minidoka
1071:Manzanar
861:cite web
719:June 19,
638:41211623
466:Congress
298:Newsweek
286:cartoons
1056:Granada
998:History
881:"USAGM"
459:V-J Day
406:Society
375:America
131:issued
73:History
57:during
1591:Legacy
1086:Rohwer
1081:Poston
1066:Jerome
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103:racism
38:, and
36:Oregon
1425:See:
1091:Topaz
961:Yasui
885:USAGM
634:JSTOR
418:Japan
321:Argus
144:Films
107:media
867:link
752:2015
721:2019
673:ISSN
626:ISSN
446:and
371:WWII
305:and
251:The
180:and
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326:The
246:war
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