765:- the objref and keyref entries - that index into an object table in the file. This means that binary plists can capture the fact that - for example - a separate array and dictionary serialized into a file both have the same data element stored in them. This cannot be captured in an XML file. Converting such a binary file will result in a copy of the data element being placed into the XML file. Additionally the binary file has a UID type that is used to identify data items when serialized. The complete list of data that can be stored taken from the C code source file is as follows:
3416:
754:) for Apple's open sourced implementation of binary plists in its Foundation library. Apple describes the implementation as opaque in its plist(5) manual page documentation, which means that reliance on the format is discouraged. In the binary file format the magic number (the first few bytes of the file which indicate that it's a valid plist file) is the text
1264:, which converts an object into a block of binary data somewhat like a tagged struct. This class is part of OpenStep, although no concrete format has been defined. In practice, one can use it to serialize an object to a file (skipping the plist), or to embed the data in a plist. It must be read and written in the same order as written. The introduction of
1232:
note in many types. This means that the marker byte is only found in files with a format version no lower than the "1?" magic number. The precise way to parse them is more nebulous than the way to parse legacy types, since the CFBinaryPlist implementation only handles version "0?". In practice, these
301:
One limitation of the original NeXT property list format is that it could not represent an NSValue (number, Boolean, etc.) object. As a result, these values would have to be converted to string, and "fuzzily" recovered by the application. Another limitation is that there is no official 8-bit encoding
1355:
Although best known on Apple or Darwin systems, including iOS and macOS, plist files are also present on
Windows computers when Apple software, such as iTunes or Safari are installed. On Windows, the files are typically binary files, although some applications may generate PLIST files in the other
1290:
Among other things, using an archiver allows for new datatypes to be encoded without changing the plist format itself and it is the preferred way for Apple to encode things like NSSets and null values. Parsing the formats do prove a bit harder, since one more layer must be followed even for some
1938:
The CF$ UID data type in
Listing 2 is a dictionary with a single key ("CF$ UID") which is followed by an integer number (this layout is what you will see when the property list is represented in XML; in the raw binary format the "UID" data type is a separate entity which doesn't require the
1302:
in Swift
Corelibs Foundation; like the closed-source Apple Foundation, it restricts output formats to binary and XML only. It also has some test cases showing the results of serialization. GNUstep also has a compatible implementation, which does not limit output formats.
1576:
When
Unmarshal encounters an OpenStep property list, it will enter a relaxed parsing mode: OpenStep property lists can only store plain old data as strings, so we will attempt to recover integer, floating-point, boolean and date values wherever they are
1244:
Since property lists do not capture all the information and data types required to describe an arbitrary object, an extra layer of encoding and decoding is often done. The OpenStep specification abstracts the operation of serializing any
524:
code as CFPropertyList. However, all the utilities and most parts of the system use the closed-source NSPropertyList parser from the Obj-C Foundation Kit. The Swift reimplementation is open source, but is not guaranteed to be identical.
1278:. The main improvement of this format for programmers is that it accesses members not by a fixed order, but by string keys. Internally, it somewhat recapitulates the binary plist format by storing an object table array called
466:
format was introduced. JSON and property lists are not fully compatible with each other, though. For example, property lists have native date and data types, which the JSON format does not support. Conversely, JSON permits
313:
in NeXTSTEP, hence the name) on the command line via their preferences domain, and this utility can be used to edit arbitrary plist files. This utility superseded three older commands (dread, dwrite, and dremove).
498:) can be used to check the syntax of property lists, or convert a property list file from one format to another. It also supports converting plists to Objective-C or Swift object literals. Like the Cocoa
392:(Foundation Kit). Both support the binary and XML forms used by macOS to some degree, but the latter is a lot more complete. For example, the two GNUstep-specific formats are only handled in the latter.
415:
While macOS can also read the NeXTSTEP format, Apple sets it aside in favor of two new formats of its own, one XML-based and the other binary. Apple also has a partially-compatible JSON format (
447:. The XML format supports non-ASCII characters and storing NSValue objects (which, unlike GNUstep's ASCII property list format, Apple's ASCII property list format does not support).
1539:
1939:
dictionary structure). These data types represent a reference to another entity in the "$ objects" array. The number of the CF$ UID gives the position of the array.
761:
The binary file can store some information that cannot be captured in the XML or JSON file formats. The array, set and dictionary binary types are made up of
2000:
1929:
1589:
1443:
module to read and write plist files, in Apple's XML or in binary (since Python 3.4). ProperTree is a cross-platform editor that makes use of this library.
3935:
3646:
1698:
1366:
Options for editing PLIST files on
Windows are not as extensive as on macOS. If the file is in the XML or JSON format with care a text editor such as
513:
utility is introduced in Mac OS X v10.5. It takes any input and tries to generate "old-style" plists. Like the GNUstep version, it appears to use the
1458:
package that supports four types of plists: OpenStep text, GNUStep text, Apple XML, and Apple Binary. It also handles UIDs in XML and binary formats.
4299:
1474:
1386:(2007) is a proplib library, which can be used for serialising data between the kernel and userland. It implements part of the XML plist language.
1236:
A table of offsets follow the object table, which is then followed by a trailer containing information on the size and location of the two tables.
4087:
1291:
classes plists were supposed to support. Like the binary format which also has an object table, it is possible to create circular references in
1739:
3174:
2085:
2063:
162:
1991:
1852:
4343:
4203:
3721:
322:
GNUstep adopts the NeXTSTEP format, with additions for representing NSValue and NSDate data types. The new typed entries have the form
3955:
3817:
3661:
3617:
867:
string: URL string in recursive encoding (as in "string object format?"); base string: the same, but with a base URL encoded first.
3453:
3054:
2315:
2012:
1677:
1641:
4155:
4105:
3861:
3597:
365:. This format is defined recursively like the textual formats, with a single-byte type marker preceding some data. A form of
194:
571:
For the XML format, the tags, related
Foundation classes and CoreFoundation types, and data storage formats are as follows:
1363:. These plist files on Windows typically store preferences and other information, rather than using the Windows registry.
4278:
2272:
309:
utility, introduced in OPENSTEP (1996), can be used to manipulate plist files used for storage of preferences (known as
4080:
3752:
3299:
3149:
2940:
2890:
2885:
2559:
2345:
2288:
1497:
is that it puts a stray "D" character into the stdout if one manually typed the standard input and terminated it with
1461:
1436:
1951:
520:
In terms of the internals, Apple provides an open source parser for old style, XML, and binary formats in their C
276:
3361:
3159:
1905:
1832:
1805:
1775:
1451:
440:
129:
2955:
2845:
354:
brings the expressiveness and compactness of the human-readable textual format on par with Apple's XML format.
1873:
1295:. Since there is not a UID data type in XML, the integers are stored in a dictionary under the key "CF$ UID".
146:
Property list files are often used to store a user's settings. They are also used to store information about
173:
extensions. The former is a "reduced" old-style plist containing only one dictionary without the braces (see
3777:
3714:
3304:
3264:
3234:
3194:
3001:
2865:
2028:
1518:
is buggy in that it returns a dictionary representation. The open source Swift
Foundation has no such issue.
55:
517:
property of
Foundation types found in plists, which Apple has specified to produce valid old-style plists.
4333:
4118:
4073:
3950:
3822:
3666:
3548:
3239:
3189:
2733:
2679:
2569:
1686:
544:
for editing property lists in a hierarchical viewer/editor that can handle plists formatted in binary or
4193:
4038:
3809:
3567:
3064:
3006:
2738:
2716:
2574:
2420:
2340:
2335:
2046:
Mobile
Forensics – The File Format Handbook: Common File Formats and File Systems Used in Mobile Devices
1370:
can be used. Apple ships a plutil.exe within its "Apple
Application Support" package (which is part of
1257:
subclass to some other format. Two main coders exist for the purpose of serializing objects to plists:
1233:
types are never encountered, since NSKeyedArchiver is already capable of capturing these information.
3923:
3908:
3849:
3634:
3446:
2870:
2789:
2706:
2674:
2385:
2355:
2040:
Hummert, Christian; Humphries, Georgina Louise (2022), Hummert, Christian; Pawlaszczyk, Dirk (eds.),
297:
As in C, whitespace are generally insignificant to syntax. Value statements terminate by a semicolon.
234:
151:
4133:
3913:
3866:
3502:
3376:
3371:
3209:
2935:
2895:
2821:
2639:
2380:
2308:
1743:
1464:
has a third party library called propertylistserialization which also handles NSKeyedArchiver UIDs.
1282:
in the dictionary. Everything else, including class information, is referenced by a UID pointer. A
306:
2168:
1446:
A third-party library called ccl-bplist has the additional ability to handle NSKeyedArchiver UIDs.
4143:
3765:
3758:
3707:
3274:
3184:
3079:
2996:
2880:
2579:
2549:
2441:
133:
118:
27:
1856:
3386:
3289:
3044:
2930:
2920:
2900:
2814:
2784:
2754:
2669:
2609:
2589:
2544:
2477:
2059:
1074:
Unicode string, nnnn is # of chars, else 1111 then int count, then big-endian 2-byte uint16_t
249:; simpler, unquoted strings are allowed as long as they consist of alphanumericals and one of
92:
540:
property lists are hand-editable in any text editor. Additionally, Apple provides support in
350:. The 8-bit problem is implicitly solved as well, as most deployments use UTF-8. All in all,
4338:
4262:
3927:
3896:
3739:
3638:
3612:
3309:
2965:
2960:
2905:
2860:
2696:
2629:
2619:
2564:
2554:
2415:
2405:
2049:
1769:
454:
introduced a new format where property list files are stored as binary files. Starting with
366:
1400:
NetBSD's proplib library has also been ported to DragonFly in 2010, and is available since
502:
it is built on, it takes "old-style" inputs, but does not convert to this type. (The Cocoa
4328:
4113:
3945:
3656:
3439:
3294:
3284:
3254:
3124:
2991:
2950:
2855:
2850:
2764:
2686:
2659:
2456:
2400:
747:
521:
266:
1286:
entry under the dict points to the top-level object the programmer was meaning to encode.
1799:
4323:
4237:
4138:
4054:
3886:
3676:
3602:
3420:
3279:
3179:
3109:
3084:
3022:
2654:
2644:
2497:
2487:
2446:
2410:
2301:
1899:
1394:
561:
560:
interface for reading property list files through the System Events application. As of
553:
495:
459:
455:
451:
444:
428:
226:
147:
68:
1253:
protocol. Any class implementing this protocol can have its instances serialized by a
4318:
4312:
4267:
4096:
3975:
3839:
3747:
3730:
3681:
3585:
3356:
2945:
2925:
2634:
2539:
2512:
2502:
2492:
2451:
2395:
2390:
2244:
2141:
1401:
155:
126:
88:
2278:
1826:
334:
is a one-letter type code. For example, an NSValue of Boolean YES is represented as
4033:
3901:
3790:
3366:
3204:
3164:
3074:
2986:
2910:
2507:
2482:
2472:
2350:
1659:
2193:
1367:
4252:
4247:
4210:
4185:
3965:
3876:
3834:
3829:
3805:
3563:
3553:
3229:
3134:
3104:
3094:
3069:
3059:
2649:
2594:
2054:
1567:
1119:
nnnn+1 is # of big-endian bytes (1, 2, 4, or 8). Unsigned int, only produced by
743:
565:
557:
198:
106:
2118:
1359:
On Windows the Apple plist files are stored in the user's home directory under
4283:
4026:
3960:
3269:
3249:
3224:
3154:
3144:
3129:
3114:
3049:
2624:
2614:
2041:
1024:
nnnn is number of bytes unless 1111 then int count follows, followed by bytes
432:
41:
626:
Decimal string; reals can have exponents, or be Infinity (inf) or NaN (nan).
450:
Since XML files, however, are not the most space-efficient means of storage,
3381:
3169:
3139:
3119:
3099:
2970:
2915:
2875:
2664:
2436:
2284:
Java API for reading/writing various plist formats - compatible with Android
1973:
1342:
Neither format is able to express a key with the separator character in it.
996:
1930:"Geek post: NSKeyedArchiver files – what are they, and how can I use them?"
1311:
There is not a single, standardized path language for property lists like
3970:
3671:
3528:
3089:
2759:
2701:
2584:
2372:
2218:
1913:
1840:
1813:
1783:
1727:
1628:
1413:
666:
568:
interface for editing, creating and writing property list files as well.
238:
222:
202:
110:
4065:
3699:
2219:"corpnewt/ProperTree: Cross platform GUI plist editor written in python"
2137:
1389:
One of the sample users of proplib is the second revision of the sysmon
4123:
4016:
3854:
3795:
3624:
3324:
3214:
3034:
2604:
2599:
2103:
1315:
does for XML, but informal conventions used by various programs exist.
1100:
UTF-8 string, nnnn is # of chars, else 1111 then int count, then bytes
1049:
ASCII string, nnnn is # of chars, else 1111 then int count, then bytes
487:
command provides an interactive plist editor. It can also be scripted.
206:
114:
72:
2086:"How does the Apple Safari web-browser store its settings on Windows?"
4272:
4230:
4220:
4215:
4021:
4011:
4006:
3996:
3991:
3881:
3785:
3686:
3575:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3494:
3478:
3463:
3431:
3314:
3244:
3219:
3199:
3039:
2809:
2799:
2122:
1618:
1390:
1383:
1371:
689:
343:
3340:
2283:
1429:
1222:
keyref* objref* nnnn is count, unless '1111', then int count follo
4198:
4160:
4001:
3891:
3844:
3607:
3590:
3507:
3391:
2804:
2794:
2725:
2324:
1909:
1836:
1809:
1779:
1723:
1717:
1624:
1417:
1312:
541:
376:
Two relative independent plist handlers are found in GNUstep: the
230:
210:
178:
102:
205:
used one format to represent a property list, and the subsequent
4288:
4242:
4225:
4175:
4165:
4128:
3940:
3871:
3651:
3580:
3512:
2691:
549:
537:
463:
78:
4069:
3703:
3435:
2297:
995:
8 byte float follows, big-endian bytes; seconds from 1/1/2001 (
4170:
3319:
758:, followed by two bytes indicating the version of the format.
545:
533:
436:
283:. The left-hand side must be a string, but it can be unquoted.
2150:
2048:, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 157–165,
1540:"NSString class reference: propertyListFromStringsFileFormat"
1274:, introduced in Mac OS X 10.2, transforms the object into an
1197:
objref* nnnn is count, unless '1111', then int count follows
1171:
objref* nnnn is count, unless '1111', then int count follows
1148:
objref* nnnn is count, unless '1111', then int count follows
395:
GNUstep provides a set of plist command-line tools based on
471:
values while property lists do not support explicit nulls.
263:. Spaces and comments between paired hex-codes are ignored.
1420:
build tool, xcbuild, contains a plist library as well as
193:
Since the data represented by property lists is somewhat
2293:
1992:"apple/swift-corelibs-foundation: NSKeyedArchiver.swift"
769:
Binary plist object formats (as of CoreFoundation 1153)
712:
Can contain any number of child elements. Can be empty.
185:
extension for old-style plists used as project files.
458:, this is the default format for preference files. In
2279:
Excel add-in for creating plist file from Excel table
2194:"plistlib — Generate and parse Mac OS X .plist files"
506:
from before Mac OS X 10.2 emits old-styled output.)
4184:
4104:
4047:
3984:
3922:
3804:
3776:
3738:
3633:
3562:
3521:
3487:
3471:
3349:
3333:
3019:
2979:
2834:
2777:
2747:
2724:
2715:
2532:
2525:
2465:
2429:
2371:
2364:
1515:
1511:
1455:
1440:
1328:
291:
287:
280:
270:
246:
84:
64:
54:
47:
40:
26:
1763:
1761:
1642:"NSPropertyListSerialization class documentation"
1594:Apple Developer (Property List Programming Guide)
1374:), and it is identical to its macOS counterpart.
2149:"proplib -- property container object library".
1428:. These cross-platform utilities are written in
746:format is documented in a comment block in the
271:( "1", "2", "3" )
342:. Binary data can also use the more efficient
177:), while the latter is a fully-fledged plist.
4081:
3715:
3447:
2309:
2138:"proplib — property container object library"
2119:"proplib — property container object library"
1967:
1965:
1793:
1791:
165:strings for development. These files use the
8:
1361:%USERPROFILE%\AppData\Roaming\Apple Computer
281:{ "key" = "value"; ... }
245:Strings are represented in C literal style:
21:
1699:"Types and Constants: NSPropertyListFormat"
1382:Introduced in 2006 and first released with
736:tags and plist element tags. Can be empty.
462:, support for reading and writing files in
4088:
4074:
4066:
3722:
3708:
3700:
3454:
3440:
3432:
3027:
2838:
2721:
2529:
2368:
2316:
2302:
2294:
2245:"propertylistserialization | Dart package"
767:
573:
483:tool from NeXTSTEP remains available. The
2053:
213:frameworks introduced differing formats.
4300:Comparison of data-serialization formats
1475:Comparison of data serialization formats
357:GNUstep also has its own binary format,
1972:CCLForensics Group (January 15, 2020).
1923:
1921:
1868:
1866:
1531:
1486:
1416:'s open-source reimplementation of the
1612:
1610:
338:and NSDate objects are represented as
201:can be implemented many ways. Namely,
20:
2104:"GitHub - microsoft/NSPlist: NSPlist"
1319:A dot syntax version is found in the
439:format was introduced, with a public
225:, property lists were designed to be
7:
1562:
1560:
247:"This is a plist string\n"
139:, and thus are often referred to as
1338:, with a colon syntax for indexing.
941:, big-endian bytes (1, 2, 4, or 8)
340:<*DYYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS +ZZZZ>
2169:"facebook/xcbuild/Libraries/plist"
1740:"appleexaminer.com: "PLIST files""
229:and edited by hand, serialized to
56:Uniform Type Identifier (UTI)
14:
2106:. May 3, 2019 – via GitHub.
1928:Caithness, Alex (April 4, 2012).
1640:Frith-Macdonald, Richard (2004).
359:NSPropertyListGNUstepBinaryFormat
175:propertyListFromStringsFileFormat
161:Property lists are also used for
3415:
3414:
1855:. April 24, 2009. Archived from
1590:"Old-Style ASCII Property Lists"
369:is supported via a GS-extension
273:. Trailing commas are tolerated.
256:Binary data are represented as:
3055:Apple Push Notification service
2013:"NSKeyedArchiver documentation"
1678:"NSSerialization documentation"
1298:Apple publishes an open-source
237:. This same format was used by
132:. Property list files use the
2289:EBNF grammar of GNUstep plists
2152:DragonFly On-Line Manual Pages
1334:A different format is used by
1:
1853:"AppleScript: Property Lists"
642:<true/>, <false/>
622:<real>, <integer>
1327:. It appears to derive from
970:, big-endian bytes (4 or 8)
233:in a syntax somewhat like a
3753:Light Weight Kernel Threads
3300:System Integrity Protection
2055:10.1007/978-3-030-98467-0_6
1437:Python programming language
500:NSPropertyListSerialization
352:NSPropertyListGNUstepFormat
125:files are files that store
4360:
4344:Data serialization formats
431:, the NeXTSTEP format was
384:(CoreFoundation), and the
4297:
3411:denote upcoming products.
3404:
3030:
2841:
2331:
912:nothing - just a padding
399:, including a version of
292:// This is a line comment
286:Comments are allowed as:
2273:The plist(5) manual page
1974:"cclgroupltd/ccl-bplist"
42:Internet media type
3778:OS-level virtualisation
3305:Uniform Type Identifier
3002:Remote Install Mac OS X
2866:Bluetooth File Exchange
861:0000 1100 (base string)
494:utility (introduced in
485:/usr/libexec/PlistBuddy
288:/* This is a comment */
154:, a task served by the
60:com.apple.property-list
3190:Grand Central Dispatch
2275:at developer.apple.com
2198:Python 3 documentation
1956:OpenStep specification
2017:GNUstep documentation
1934:Digital Investigation
606:UTF-8 encoded string
1998:. December 14, 2021.
1874:"CF/CFBinaryPList.c"
1746:on February 19, 2014
1514:in Obj-C Foundation
1323:argument of Apple's
1240:Serializing to plist
777:CoreFoundation type
750:C code source file (
580:CoreFoundation type
564:, Apple provides an
556:, Apple provides an
279:are represented as:
269:are represented as:
235:programming language
3372:Classic Environment
2941:Migration Assistant
2896:Digital Color Meter
2778:Former Applications
2640:Notification Center
2225:. February 17, 2020
1268:deprecates its use.
770:
646:No data (tag only)
417:NSJSONSerialization
158:in the old Mac OS.
48:application/x-plist
23:
3766:Kernel Normal Form
3759:serializing tokens
3522:Notable subsystems
3020:Technologies &
2997:ODBC Administrator
2956:System Information
2442:10.8 Mountain Lion
1859:on April 24, 2009.
863:0000 1101 (string)
768:
752:CF/CFBinaryPList.c
134:filename extension
28:Filename extension
4306:
4305:
4063:
4062:
3697:
3696:
3429:
3428:
3400:
3399:
3045:Apple File System
3015:
3014:
2901:Directory Utility
2830:
2829:
2773:
2772:
2755:Interface Builder
2533:Core Applications
2521:
2520:
2478:10.13 High Sierra
2421:10.6 Snow Leopard
2136:Jason R. Thorpe.
2117:Jason R. Thorpe.
2065:978-3-030-98467-0
1878:Apple Open Source
1839:General Commands
1812:General Commands
1782:System Manager's
1726:General Commands
1627:General Commands
1493:A quirk of macOS
1402:DragonFly BSD#2.8
1395:system monitoring
1226:
1225:
893:16 bytes of UUID
833:0000 1000 (false)
774:Foundation class
740:
739:
669:formatted string
577:Foundation class
361:, implemented in
197:, the underlying
99:
98:
65:Developed by
4351:
4263:Protocol Buffers
4090:
4083:
4076:
4067:
3740:Operating system
3724:
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3488:Related projects
3472:Operating system
3456:
3449:
3442:
3433:
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3310:Universal binary
3028:
2966:Universal Access
2906:DiskImageMounter
2861:Audio MIDI Setup
2846:Activity Monitor
2839:
2722:
2665:Quicktime Player
2530:
2457:10.11 El Capitan
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2042:"Property Lists"
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2009:
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1742:. Archived from
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1660:"Property Lists"
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3285:Speakable items
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3235:Mission Control
3125:Core Foundation
3021:
3011:
3007:Software Update
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2951:System Settings
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2826:
2769:
2765:Quartz Composer
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2717:Developer Tools
2711:
2680:version history
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1568:"Package plist"
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1346:Other platforms
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363:NSSerialization
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4134:Web Encryption
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4106:Human readable
4102:
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4055:Matthew Dillon
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3936:802.11 drivers
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3647:802.11 drivers
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3110:Core Animation
3107:
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3023:User Interface
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2891:Crash Reporter
2888:
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2570:Control Center
2567:
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2523:
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2488:10.15 Catalina
2485:
2480:
2475:
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2452:10.10 Yosemite
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2447:10.9 Mavericks
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2268:
2267:External links
2265:
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2185:
2160:
2158:
2157:
2128:
2109:
2095:
2077:
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2004:
1983:
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1952:"NSCoder.html"
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966:# of bytes is
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602:<string>
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4334:DragonFly BSD
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4258:Property list
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4097:Data exchange
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3807:
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3781:
3779:
3775:
3767:
3764:
3760:
3756:
3755:
3754:
3751:
3750:
3749:
3748:DragonFly BSD
3746:
3745:
3743:
3741:
3737:
3732:
3731:DragonFly BSD
3725:
3720:
3718:
3713:
3711:
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3363:
3362:Brushed metal
3360:
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3281:
3280:Smart Folders
3278:
3276:
3273:
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3263:
3261:
3260:Property list
3258:
3256:
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2972:
2969:
2967:
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2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2946:Script Editor
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2926:Image Capture
2924:
2922:
2919:
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2347:
2346:Built-in apps
2344:
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2271:
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2266:
2254:September 14,
2250:
2249:Dart packages
2246:
2240:
2237:
2224:
2220:
2214:
2211:
2199:
2195:
2189:
2186:
2174:
2170:
2164:
2161:
2154:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2143:
2142:DragonFly BSD
2139:
2132:
2129:
2124:
2120:
2113:
2110:
2105:
2099:
2096:
2091:
2087:
2081:
2078:
2067:
2061:
2056:
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2047:
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2036:
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2018:
2014:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1997:
1993:
1987:
1984:
1979:
1975:
1968:
1966:
1962:
1957:
1953:
1947:
1944:
1940:
1935:
1931:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1915:
1912:File Formats
1911:
1907:
1904: –
1901:
1894:
1891:
1879:
1875:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1858:
1854:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1831: –
1828:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1804: –
1801:
1794:
1792:
1788:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1774: –
1771:
1770:PlistBuddy(8)
1764:
1762:
1758:
1745:
1741:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1725:
1722: –
1719:
1712:
1709:
1704:
1700:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1683:
1679:
1673:
1670:
1665:
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1655:
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1647:
1643:
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1633:
1630:
1626:
1623: –
1620:
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1317:
1316:
1314:
1307:Path language
1306:
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1296:
1270:
1260:
1259:
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1239:
1237:
1234:
1221:
1216:
1211:
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1170:
1165:
1159:
1157:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1126:
1123:(see below).
1118:
1113:
1108:
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1103:
1099:
1094:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1077:
1073:
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1053:
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1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
1002:
998:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
973:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
944:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
915:
911:
906:
901:
899:
897:
896:
892:
887:
881:
876:
871:
870:
866:
859:
853:
848:
843:
842:
838:
831:
826:
821:
816:
815:
811:
806:
800:
795:
790:
789:
786:Encoded data
785:
782:
779:
776:
773:
772:
766:
764:
759:
757:
749:
745:
731:
726:
721:
716:
715:
711:
708:<array>
706:
701:
696:
695:
692:encoded data
691:
688:
683:
678:
673:
672:
668:
665:
660:
655:
650:
649:
645:
640:
635:
630:
629:
625:
620:
615:
610:
609:
605:
600:
595:
590:
589:
585:
582:
579:
576:
575:
572:
569:
567:
563:
562:Mac OS X 10.5
559:
555:
554:Mac OS X 10.4
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
528:
526:
523:
518:
507:
497:
496:Mac OS X 10.2
488:
474:
472:
465:
461:
460:Mac OS X 10.7
457:
456:Mac OS X 10.4
453:
452:Mac OS X 10.2
448:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
429:Mac OS X 10.0
422:
420:
410:
408:
393:
374:
368:
355:
345:
333:
327:
317:
315:
312:
308:
303:
296:
285:
278:
275:
268:
265:
260:
255:
244:
243:
242:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
216:
214:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
188:
186:
180:
164:
159:
157:
156:resource fork
153:
149:
144:
142:
135:
131:
128:
124:
123:property list
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
94:
90:
89:Serialization
87:
83:
80:
74:
70:
67:
63:
59:
57:
53:
45:
43:
39:
31:
29:
25:
22:Property List
19:
4257:
4150:
3902:soft updates
3806:File systems
3564:File systems
3408:
3350:Discontinued
3259:
3205:Kernel panic
3075:AVFoundation
2980:Discontinued
2911:Disk Utility
2881:Configurator
2748:Former tools
2707:Time Machine
2526:Applications
2483:10.14 Mojave
2473:10.12 Sierra
2416:10.5 Leopard
2406:10.3 Panther
2391:10.0 Cheetah
2341:Architecture
2252:. Retrieved
2248:
2239:
2229:February 17,
2227:. Retrieved
2222:
2213:
2201:. Retrieved
2197:
2188:
2178:February 17,
2176:. Retrieved
2172:
2163:
2151:
2131:
2112:
2098:
2089:
2080:
2069:, retrieved
2045:
2035:
2022:February 23,
2020:. Retrieved
2016:
2007:
1995:
1986:
1977:
1955:
1946:
1937:
1933:
1893:
1881:. Retrieved
1877:
1857:the original
1847:
1820:
1750:February 27,
1748:. Retrieved
1744:the original
1734:
1711:
1702:
1693:
1681:
1672:
1663:
1654:
1645:
1635:
1599:February 16,
1597:. Retrieved
1593:
1584:
1575:
1571:
1549:February 17,
1547:. Retrieved
1543:
1534:
1506:
1489:
1399:
1388:
1381:
1365:
1358:
1354:
1341:
1320:
1310:
1297:
1289:
1276:NSDictionary
1243:
1235:
1227:
1208:CFDictionary
1203:NSDictionary
1154:NSOrderedSet
783:Marker byte
780:Object type
762:
760:
755:
741:
732:Alternating
728:<dict>
723:CFDictionary
718:NSDictionary
685:<data>
662:<date>
570:
532:
519:
508:
504:NSSerializer
489:
478:
449:
435:, and a new
426:
414:
394:
375:
356:
331:
325:
321:
310:
304:
300:
277:Dictionaries
259:
220:
192:
181:also uses a
171:.stringsdict
163:localization
160:
152:applications
145:
140:
122:
117:programming
100:
18:
4253:MessagePack
4248:FlatBuffers
4238:Cap'n Proto
3554:Rump kernel
3240:Night Shift
3135:Core OpenGL
3105:Command key
3070:Audio Units
3060:AppleScript
2921:Help Viewer
2734:Instruments
2650:Photo Booth
2595:Game Center
2498:12 Monterey
2401:10.2 Jaguar
2386:Public Beta
2029:source code
1703:gnustep.org
1687:source code
1664:GNUstepWiki
1619:defaults(1)
1512:description
744:binary file
734:<key>
566:AppleScript
558:AppleScript
515:description
443:defined by
336:<*BY>
199:file format
16:File format
4313:Categories
4027:hw.sensors
3985:Subsystems
3928:networking
3639:networking
3334:Deprecated
3270:Quick Look
3250:Option key
3225:Menu extra
3185:Gatekeeper
3180:Foundation
3155:Cover Flow
3145:Core Video
3130:Core Image
3115:Core Audio
3050:Apple menu
2580:DVD Player
2575:Dictionary
2550:Calculator
2513:15 Sequoia
2503:13 Ventura
2493:11 Big Sur
2411:10.4 Tiger
2381:Server 1.0
2203:January 6,
2090:Super User
1883:January 6,
1577:necessary.
1526:References
1426:PlistBuddy
1384:NetBSD#4.0
1336:PlistBuddy
1262:NSArchiver
1249:under the
1218:1101 nnnn
1193:1100 nnnn
1167:1011 nnnn
1144:1010 nnnn
1096:0111 nnnn
1070:0110 nnnn
1045:0101 nnnn
1020:0100 nnnn
548:, but not
433:deprecated
346:format as
127:serialized
119:frameworks
93:dictionary
4139:Web Token
3946:Bluetooth
3924:Firewalls
3840:disklabel
3657:Bluetooth
3635:Firewalls
3586:disklabel
3382:QuickTime
3290:Spotlight
3170:FileVault
3140:Core Text
3120:Core Data
3100:ColorSync
2971:VoiceOver
2931:Installer
2916:Font Book
2876:ColorSync
2871:Boot Camp
2835:Utilities
2790:Front Row
2785:Dashboard
2739:FileMerge
2687:Shortcuts
2670:Reminders
2610:Launchpad
2545:Automator
2540:App Store
2508:14 Sonoma
2437:10.7 Lion
2396:10.1 Puma
2071:March 12,
1800:plutil(1)
1572:godoc.org
1368:Notepad++
1356:formats.
1280:$ objects
1228:Note the
1189:(v"1?"+)
1163:(v"1?"+)
1115:1000 nnnn
1092:(v"1?"+)
997:Core Data
991:0011 0011
962:0010 nnnn
933:0001 nnnn
908:0000 1111
889:0000 1110
885:(v"1?"+)
857:(v"1?"+)
823:CFBoolean
808:0000 0000
804:(v"1?"+)
637:CFBoolean
552:. As of
390:libs-base
302:defined.
77:formerly
4284:uuencode
3971:netgraph
3672:IPFilter
3529:Veriexec
3421:Category
3210:Keychain
3090:CloudKit
2961:Terminal
2822:Sherlock
2760:Dashcode
2702:TextEdit
2697:Stickies
2645:Podcasts
2620:Messages
2585:FaceTime
2565:Contacts
2555:Calendar
2373:Mac OS X
2365:Versions
2356:Software
1900:plist(5)
1718:pldes(1)
1469:See also
1441:plistlib
1414:Facebook
1251:NSCoding
1247:NSObject
1085:CFString
1080:NSString
1060:CFString
1055:NSString
1035:CFString
1030:NSString
952:CFNumber
947:NSNumber
923:CFNumber
918:NSNumber
818:NSNumber
763:pointers
667:ISO 8601
632:NSNumber
617:CFNumber
612:NSNumber
597:CFString
592:NSString
583:XML Tag
481:defaults
479:The old
405:defaults
373:switch.
348:<>
330:, where
311:defaults
307:defaults
251:_$ +/:.-
239:OPENSTEP
223:NeXTSTEP
217:NeXTSTEP
203:NeXTSTEP
195:abstract
183:.pbxproj
167:.strings
143:files.
111:NeXTSTEP
95:objects.
4339:GNUstep
4124:EDIFACT
4099:formats
4017:OpenPAM
3855:HAMMER2
3810:storage
3796:vkernel
3733:Project
3625:OpenZFS
3568:storage
3466:Project
3409:Italics
3377:Inkwell
3325:XQuartz
3275:Rosetta
3215:launchd
3080:Bonjour
3035:AirDrop
2886:Console
2815:history
2660:Preview
2600:Grapher
2336:History
1682:GNUstep
1646:GNUstep
1544:GNUstep
1351:Windows
1321:keypath
1255:NSCoder
1134:CFArray
1129:NSArray
999:epoch)
703:CFArray
698:NSArray
475:Tooling
423:History
328:...>
318:GNUstep
207:GNUstep
148:bundles
130:objects
115:GNUstep
101:In the
73:GNUstep
4329:NetBSD
4273:Cyphal
4268:Thrift
4231:UBJSON
4221:Base64
4216:Base32
4186:Binary
4048:People
4034:systat
4022:sysctl
4012:moused
4007:kqueue
3997:DPorts
3992:busdma
3882:procfs
3850:HAMMER
3830:autofs
3786:chroot
3687:pfsync
3576:bioctl
3544:envsys
3539:DTrace
3534:busdma
3499:netpgp
3495:pkgsrc
3479:NetBSD
3464:NetBSD
3419:
3387:Spaces
3367:Carbon
3315:WebKit
3295:Stacks
3265:Quartz
3245:OpenCL
3220:Mach-O
3200:iCloud
3160:Darwin
3085:Bundle
3040:AppKit
2810:iTunes
2800:iPhoto
2675:Safari
2655:Photos
2590:Finder
2351:Server
2223:GitHub
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