1002:(1689), Locke proclaimed that "everyman has a property in his person; this nobody has a right to but himself. The labor of his body and the work of his hand, we may say, are properly his". He argued that property ownership derives from one's labor, though those who do not own property and only have their labor to sell should not be given the same political power as those who owned property. Labourers, small-scale property owners and large-scale property owners should have civil and political rights in proportion to the property they owned. According to Locke, the right to property and the right to life were inalienable rights and that it was the duty of the state to secure these rights for individuals. Locke argued that the safeguarding of natural rights, such as the right to property, along with the separation of powers and other checks and balances, would help to curtail political abuses by the state.
1037:(1791), which stated that no one "may be deprived of property rights unless a legally established public necessity required it and upon condition of a just and previous indemnity". Articles 3 and 6 declared that "all citizens have the right to contribute personally or through their representatives" in the political system and that "all citizens being equal before , are equally admissible to all public offices, positions and employment according to their capacity, and without other distinction than that of virtues and talents". However, in practice the French revolutionaries did not extend civil and political rights to all, although the property qualification required for such rights was lower than that established by the American revolutionaries.
788:. To mitigate this, the right to property is commonly limited to protect the public interest. Many states also maintain systems of communal and collective ownership. Property rights have frequently been regarded as preventing the realisation of human rights for all, through for example slavery and the exploitation of others. Unequal distribution of wealth often follows line of sex, race and minorities, therefore property rights may appear to be part of the problem, rather than as an interest that merits protection. Property rights have been at the centre of recent human rights debates on land reform, the return of cultural artifacts by collectors and museums to indigenous peoples and the popular sovereignty of peoples over natural resources.
663:(1) Every natural or legal person is entitled to the peaceful enjoyment of his possessions. No one shall be deprived of his possessions except in the public interest and subject to the conditions provided for by law and by the general principles of international law. (2) The preceding provisions shall not, however, in any way impair the right of a State to enforce such laws as it deems necessary to control the use of property in accordance with the general interest or to secure the payment of taxes or other contributions or penalties.
543:. Controversy centres upon who is deemed to have property rights protected (e.g. human beings or also corporations), the type of property which is protected (property used for the purpose of consumption or production) and the reasons for which property can be restricted (for instance, for regulations, taxation or nationalisation in the public interest). In all human rights instruments, either implicit or express restrictions exist on the extent to which property is protected. Article 17 of the
976:
584:
persons before the law". Article 21 of the ACHPR recognises the right of all peoples to freely dispose of their wealth and natural resources and that this right shall be exercised in the exclusive interest of the people, who may not be deprived of this right. Article 21 also provides that "in case of spoliation the dispossessed people shall have the right to the lawful recovery of its property as well as to adequate compensation".
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2827:
5601:
49:
5588:
925:. The definition of property and whether it was acquired as the fruit of one's labour and as such a natural right was subject to intense debate because the right to vote depended on property ownership. Political freedom was at the time associated with property ownership and individual independence. Cromwell and Ireton maintained that only property in
1044:, "all the inhabitants of a country should enjoy the right of a passive citizen... but those alone who contribute to the public establishment are like the true shareholders in the great social enterprise. They alone are the true active citizens, the true members of the association". Three months after the Declaration had been adopted,
949:. The Diggers argued that private property was not consistent with justice and that the land that had been confiscated from the Crown and Church should be turned into communal land to be cultivated by the poor. According to the Diggers, the right to vote should be extended to all and everybody had the
1029:
argued that extending the right to vote to all could lead in the right to property and justice being "overruled by a majority without property". While it was initially suggested to establish the right to vote for all men, eventually the right to vote in the nascent United States was extended to white
583:
Property rights are furthermore recognised in
Article 13 of the ACHPR, which states that every citizen has the right to participate freely in the government of his country, the right to equal access to public services and "the right of access to public property and services in strict equality of all
900:
To every individual in nature is given an individual property by nature not to be invaded or usurped by any. For everyone, as he is himself, so he has a self propertiety, else he could not be himself; and of this no second may presume to deprive of without manifest violation and affront to the very
618:
The definition of the right to property is heavily influenced by
Western concepts of property rights, but because property rights vary considerably in different legal systems it has not been possible to establish international standards on property rights. The regional human rights instruments of
933:
gave a man the right to vote. They argued that this type of property ownership constituted a "stake in society", which entitles men to political power. In contrast, Levellers argued that all men who are not servants, alms-recipients or beggars should be considered as property owners and be given
555:
The object of the right to property as it is usually understood nowadays consists of property already owned or possessed, or of property acquired or to be acquired by a person through lawful means. Not in opposition but in contrast to this, some proposals also defend a universal right to private
966:
restricted the right to vote to men who owned property with an annual value of £10, giving approximately 4 percent of the adult male population the right to vote. The reforms of 1867 extended the right to vote to approximately 8 percent. The working class (which increased dramatically with the
677:. The European Court of Human Rights has held that the right to property is not absolute and states have a wide degree of discretion to limit the rights. As such, the right to property is regarded as a more flexible right than other human rights. States' degree of discretion is defined in
2317:
885:, informed subsequent debates in other countries. The Levellers emerged as a political movement in mid-17th century England in the aftermath of the Protestant Reformation. They believed that property which had been earned as the fruit of one's labour was sacred under the Bible's
1052:
warned that the free accumulation of wealth ought to be limited and that the right to property should not be permitted to violate the rights of others, particularly poorer citizens, including the working poor and peasants. Robespierre's views were eventually excluded from the
957:
in 1660, all confiscated land returned to the Crown and Church. Some property rights were recognised and limited voting rights were established. The ideas of the
Levellers on property and civil and political rights remained influential and were advanced in the subsequent 1688
739:
667:
Therefore, European human rights law recognises the right to peaceful enjoyment of property, makes deprivation of possessions subject to certain conditions and recognises that states can balance the right to peaceful possession of property against the public interest. The
962:, but restrictions on the right to vote based on property meant that only a fraction of the British population had the suffrage. In 1780 only 214,000 property-owning men were entitled to vote in England and Wales, less than 3 percent of the population of 8 million. The
730:
recognises the property rights in
Article 16, which establishes the same right for both spouses to ownership, acquisition, management, administration, enjoyment and disposition of property and Article 15, which establishes women's right to conclude contracts. rights
889:"thou shall not steal". As such, they believed that the right to acquire property from one's work was sacred. Levellers' views on the right to property and the right not to be deprived of property as a civil and political right were developed by the
767:
was enshrined to allow everybody to attain an adequate standard of living. Today, discrimination on the basis of property ownership is commonly seen as a serious threat to the equal enjoyment of human rights by all and non-discrimination clauses in
685:, heard in 1982, where Swedish law kept property under the threat of expropriation for an extended period of time. The highest economic compensation following a judgment of the Strasbourg Court on this matter was given (1,3 million euro) in case
719:
1048:, women and those who did not pay taxes equal to three days of labor were declared "passive citizens". Sieyes wanted to see the rapid expansion of commercial activities and favoured the unrestricted accumulation of property. In contrast,
630:(ACHR) recognises the right to protection of property, including the right to "just compensation". The ACHR also prohibits usury and other exploitation, which is unique amongst human rights instruments. Article 21 of the ACHR states:
750:
The right to private property was a crucial demand in early quests for political freedom and equality and against feudal control of property. Property can serve as the basis for the entitlements that ensure the realisation of the
727:
659:(ECHR), European states enshrined the right to protection of property in Article 1 of Protocol I to the ECHR as the "right to peaceful enjoyment of possessions", where the right to protection of property is defined as such:
167:
672:
has interpreted "possessions" to include not only tangible property, but also economic interests, contractual agreements with economic value, compensation claims against the state and public law related claims such as
697:
In India property rights (Article 31) was one of the fundamental rights of citizens until 1978, and it became a legal right through the 44th
Amendment to the Constitution in 1978. The amendment was introduced by the
534:
The right to property is one of the most controversial human rights, both in terms of its existence and interpretation. The controversy about the definition of the right meant that it was not included in the
742:. These international human rights instruments for minorities do not establish a separate right to property, but prohibit discrimination in relation to property rights where such rights are guaranteed.
578:
The right to property shall be guaranteed. It may only be encroached upon in the interest of public need or in the general interest of the community and in accordance with the provisions of appropriate
637:(2) No one shall be deprived of his property except upon payment of just compensation, for reasons of public utility or social interest, and in the cases and according to the forms established by law.
905:
The views of the
Levellers, who enjoyed support amongst small-scale property-owners and craftsmen, were not shared by all revolutionary parties of the English Civil War. At the 1647 General Council,
710:, it should be considers as one of the human rights promised by the Constitution. The Supreme Court also ruled that the states cannot acquire individual land unless there is a clear legal framework.
540:
511:
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726:
without distinction as to race, colour and national or ethnic origin, including the "right to own property alone as well as in association with others" and "the right to inherit". The
4017:
1428:
The handling of the affair by the
Italian authorities has never been the most mirrored, although it is clear that, in the case Beyeler, the right and wrong was not all on one side:
901:
principles of nature of the rules of equity and justice between man and man. Mine and thine cannot be, except this. No man has power over my rights and liberties, and I over no man.
4007:
607:
593:
536:
507:
241:
602:
When the text of the UDHR was negotiated, other states in the
Americas argued that the right to property should be limited to the protection of private property necessary for
1034:
556:
property, in the sense of a right of every person to effectively receive a certain amount of property, grounded in a claim to Earth's natural resources or other theories of
4105:
3882:
681:, heard by the European Court of Human Rights in 1976. Notable cases where the European Court of Human Rights has found the right to property having been violated include
496:
614:
Every Person has the right to own such private property as meets the essential needs of decent living and helps to maintain the dignity of the individual and of the home.
1066:
1017:. The entitlement to civil and political rights, such as the right to vote, was tied to the question of property in both revolutions. American revolutionaries, such as
917:
with the right to property. They argued that doing so would establish the right to take anything that one may want, irrespective of the rights of others. The
Leveller
569:
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4022:
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the state in 17th-century revolutionary Europe, but in the 18th and 19th centuries the right to property as a human right became subject of intense controversy.
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735:
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1765:
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voting rights. They believed that political freedom could only be secured by individuals, such as craftsmen, engaging in independent economic activity.
551:(1) Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others. (2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his or her property.
5637:
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1845:
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752:
634:(1) Everyone has the right to the use and enjoyment of his property. The law may subordinate such use and enjoyment to the interest of society.
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412:
197:
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1116:
5342:
5025:
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4091:
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106:
4124:
What is considered a human right is in some cases controversial; not all the topics listed are universally accepted as human rights
1615:
3897:
3258:
2841:
2400:
1964:
773:
723:
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to the United States
Constitution is credited as a significant precedent for the legal protection of individual property rights.
438:
1431:
574:
The African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights (ACHPR) protects the right to property most explicitly in Article 14, stating:
3997:
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2128:
937:
Levellers were primarily concerned with the civil and political rights of small-scale property owners and workers, whereas the
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4387:
4143:
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610:, which was negotiated at the same time and adopted one year before the UDHR in 1948. Article 23 of the declaration states:
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78:
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2011:
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998:
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68:
31:
224:
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893:
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152:
96:
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4228:
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3427:
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2106:
1831:
1006:
518:
acknowledges a right for a natural or legal person to "peaceful enjoyment of his possessions", subject to the "
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4138:
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2312:
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1959:
837:
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392:
332:
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122:
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975:
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2006:
1868:
1096:
431:
367:
251:
162:
147:
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132:
808:, or "the safety of the people shall be the supreme law," was stipulated as early as the Law of the
772:
frequently include property as a ground on the basis of which discrimination is prohibited (see the
5489:
5312:
5307:
5141:
5046:
5041:
4876:
4871:
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3268:
3241:
3224:
3212:
3034:
2990:
2795:
2483:
2478:
2165:
2079:
2021:
1954:
1010:
967:
Industrial Revolution) and industrialists remained effectively excluded from the political system.
959:
918:
841:
817:
382:
362:
302:
236:
137:
1183:
Article 17. 1) Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others.
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5413:
5367:
5347:
5180:
5161:
5103:
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3331:
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3195:
3109:
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2762:
2086:
1883:
1156:
1106:
1076:
954:
942:
402:
397:
327:
202:
1432:"Il contribuente paga il conto dell'adeguamento ai principi di legalità e buona amministrazione"
271:
229:
740:
Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families
5632:
5443:
5252:
5235:
5195:
5120:
5110:
5088:
5073:
4800:
4675:
4644:
4551:
4362:
4315:
4263:
4188:
4052:
3907:
3809:
3782:
3762:
3673:
3620:
3592:
3574:
3377:
3253:
3246:
3059:
3007:
2985:
2913:
2831:
2555:
2540:
2026:
1976:
1971:
1790:
1735:
1679:
1621:
1594:
1210:
1025:, opposed universal suffrage, advocating votes only for those who owned a "stake" in society.
1018:
1014:
930:
870:
860:
840:
and views on man's destiny came to underline social views in emerging capitalist economies in
707:
407:
357:
276:
261:
209:
182:
1403:
1377:
1310:
1296:
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5337:
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4755:
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4514:
4392:
4308:
4273:
3668:
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3484:
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3200:
3089:
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3017:
3012:
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2652:
2349:
2289:
2042:
1928:
1918:
1903:
1873:
1174:
1148:
1111:
1071:
1022:
886:
476:
472:
352:
921:
responded, relying on Overton's arguments, that the Levellers required respect for others'
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3131:
3104:
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2775:
2597:
2587:
2563:
2500:
2366:
2322:
2223:
1923:
1908:
1800:
1782:
1745:
1404:"Protocol I to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms"
1200:
1045:
963:
946:
906:
800:
defined property as "the right to use and abuse one's own within the limits of the law" —
519:
479:
is found more rarely and is typically heavily constrained insofar as property is owned by
424:
377:
347:
317:
312:
214:
1727:
1819:
Protocol I to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
996:(1632–1704) developed the ideas of property, civil and political rights further. In his
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5494:
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5185:
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3370:
3161:
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2918:
2680:
2451:
2434:
2371:
2327:
2016:
1949:
1913:
1893:
926:
922:
468:
342:
322:
266:
1439:
640:(3) Usury and any other form of exploitation of man by man shall be prohibited by law.
5621:
5352:
5284:
5269:
5098:
4735:
4710:
4705:
4442:
4377:
4258:
4027:
3912:
3827:
3772:
3632:
3552:
3447:
3297:
3290:
3183:
3136:
3029:
2885:
2770:
2737:
2535:
2515:
2466:
2143:
2123:
2064:
1981:
1878:
1026:
914:
882:
809:
764:
760:
699:
337:
127:
5524:
5423:
5408:
5382:
5205:
5171:
4680:
4352:
4347:
4238:
4115:
4062:
3862:
3767:
3613:
3587:
3496:
3178:
3166:
3114:
3074:
3069:
2933:
2928:
2742:
2718:
2685:
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2647:
2602:
2575:
2568:
2550:
2488:
2264:
2218:
2213:
2116:
2101:
1944:
1242:
1204:
1136:
1086:
910:
845:
825:
812:. The notion of private property and property rights was elaborated further in the
484:
480:
286:
281:
246:
177:
172:
157:
87:
988:
in which Locke calls "lives, liberties and estates" the "property" of individuals
720:
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
5549:
5403:
5225:
5220:
5093:
4928:
4218:
4002:
3750:
3745:
3737:
3722:
3547:
3452:
3263:
3099:
3064:
3044:
3024:
3002:
2967:
2710:
2510:
2395:
2284:
2259:
2247:
2228:
2111:
2091:
2001:
1898:
890:
829:
813:
603:
464:
17:
5504:
5377:
4223:
3533:
3521:
3491:
3457:
3397:
3079:
2803:
2690:
2307:
1888:
993:
979:
48:
4856:
4598:
4203:
3967:
3804:
3539:
3501:
3094:
2908:
2854:
2704:
2505:
2456:
2439:
2377:
2359:
2133:
2047:
1804:
1749:
1057:
and a property qualification for civil and political rights was maintained.
866:
821:
797:
655:
After failed attempts to include the right to protection of property in the
460:
4083:
1732:
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: A Common Standard of Achievement
728:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
5484:
5428:
5230:
5156:
4939:
4861:
4566:
4465:
4303:
3957:
3653:
3474:
3302:
3217:
3156:
3119:
2592:
2525:
2461:
2344:
2274:
2252:
2148:
2096:
1854:
1772:
1760:
1756:
1469:"സ്വത്തവകാശം മനുഷ്യാവകാശം; അറിയാം നിർണായക സുപ്രീം കോടതി വിധിയെക്കുറിച്ച്"
1342:. Ninth International Conference of American States. pp. Article 23.
874:
706:
has stated that, even though property rights are not part of a citizen's
674:
4537:
4268:
4213:
4198:
4183:
3872:
3727:
3639:
2545:
2339:
2332:
2197:
1993:
1160:
1067:
Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution § Takings Clause
1033:
French revolutionaries recognised property rights in Article 17 of the
1030:
men who owned a specified amount of real estate and personal property.
938:
557:
5289:
4583:
3892:
2520:
2472:
2241:
1787:
The History of Human Rights: From Ancient Times to the Globalized Era
1258:"La Biblia, Laudato Si y el derecho universal a la propiedad privada"
40:
1776:
1257:
1152:
30:"Property rights" redirects here. For the concept in economics, see
5245:
3857:
3847:
3842:
3314:
3309:
2609:
2205:
776:). The protection of private property may come into conflict with
5210:
3987:
1322:
1320:
844:. The right to private property emerged as a radical demand for
4901:
4510:
4087:
2858:
1827:
1675:
Social Theory: Its Origins, History, and Contemporary Relevance
1590:
Social Theory: Its Origins, History, and Contemporary Relevance
1279:
1277:
1275:
4897:
2582:
541:
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
523:
512:
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
755:
and it was only property owners which were initially granted
1313:. Organisation of African Unity. pp. Article 13 and 21.
896:. In "An Arrow against all Tyrants" (1646), Overton argued:
802:
jus utendi et abutendi re suâ, guatenus juris ratio patitur.
3972:
1823:
502:
A right to property is specified in Article 17 of the 1948
4506:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1549:
836:
advanced property rights using biblical terminology. The
702:
government as part of land reform policies. In 2020, the
606:. Their suggestion was opposed, but was enshrined in the
2659:
The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State
945:, focused on the rights of the rural poor who worked on
1487:"സ്വത്തവകാശം പ്രധാന ഭരണഘടനാ അവകാശം : സുപ്രീംകോടതി"
1380:. Organization of American States. pp. Article 21.
619:
Europe, Africa and the Americas recognise the right to
1340:"American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man"
1299:. Organisation of African Unity. pp. Article 14.
1009:
and the separation of powers greatly influenced the
608:
American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man
594:
American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man
537:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
508:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
5472:
5391:
5298:
5170:
5134:
5034:
4953:
4829:
4653:
4607:
4544:
4451:
4324:
4129:
3818:
3736:
3573:
3408:
3147:
2976:
2896:
2618:
2420:
2300:
2186:
2035:
1992:
1937:
1861:
1406:. Council of Europe. pp. Protocol 1 Article 1.
1035:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
547:(UDHR) enshrines the right to property as follows:
4476:Freedom from involuntary female genital mutilation
971:John Locke and the American and French revolutions
763:. Because not everybody is a property owner, the
722:which states in Article 5 that everyone has the
1775:, 'Property, Production and Revolution' (1965)
1642:"The Struggle for democracy – Getting the vote"
1582:
1580:
1139:(1965). "Property, Production and Revolution".
661:
632:
612:
576:
549:
1662:Second Treatise of Civil Government, § 27
1527:
1515:
1503:
1416:
1390:
1364:
1352:
1326:
1311:"African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights"
1297:"African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights"
1283:
1206:Introduction to International Human Rights Law
5560:List of housing markets by real estate prices
4913:
4522:
4099:
2870:
1839:
1617:Ancient Greek democracy: readings and sources
736:Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees
432:
8:
1678:. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 52–54.
570:African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
4144:Freedom from arbitrary arrest and detention
1766:The Modern Corporation and Private Property
718:Property rights are also recognised in the
5600:
4920:
4906:
4898:
4847:Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness
4529:
4515:
4507:
4106:
4092:
4084:
2877:
2863:
2855:
2190:
1846:
1832:
1824:
1195:
1193:
1191:
734:Property rights are also enshrined in the
439:
425:
36:
1593:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 54.
974:
4358:Right to an adequate standard of living
1769:(New York, Macmillan 1932) oclc 1411248
1243:"Universal Declaration of Human Rights"
1175:"Universal Declaration of Human Rights"
1127:
951:right to an adequate standard of living
941:, a smaller revolutionary group led by
753:right to an adequate standard of living
506:, but it is not recognised in the 1966
294:
114:
86:
55:
39:
4159:Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment
1462:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1260:. El Dial – Biblioteca Jurídica online
1245:. United Nations. pp. Article 17.
1040:According to the French revolutionary
770:international human rights instruments
475:. A general recognition of a right to
4852:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
1710:
1698:
1571:
1559:
1540:
1436:Diritto&Giustizia Edizione Online
1378:"American Convention on Human Rights"
545:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
504:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
7:
5587:
778:economic, social and cultural rights
1230:European Convention on Human Rights
1209:. CD Publishing. pp. 141–142.
999:Second Treatise on Civil Government
955:Restoration of the English monarchy
657:European Convention on Human Rights
651:European Convention on Human Rights
628:American Convention on Human Rights
598:American Convention on Human Rights
516:European Convention on Human Rights
5545:Undergraduate real estate programs
1789:. University of California Press.
1117:Public domain in French public law
25:
5343:Investment rating for real estate
4279:Right to refuse medical treatment
4068:Western European and Others Group
1082:Married Women's Property Act 1882
5638:Concepts in political philosophy
5599:
5586:
5574:
5573:
2826:
2825:
1620:. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 302.
774:right to equality before the law
724:right to equality before the law
47:
1734:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
828:ideas. In 16th-century Europe,
683:Sporrong and Lonnroth v. Sweden
74:Natural rights and legal rights
64:Claim rights and liberty rights
5500:Graduate real estate education
4945:Tertiary sector of the economy
4837:Liberty, equality, brotherhood
4491:Sexual and reproductive health
4388:Right to a healthy environment
2391:Right of way (property access)
865:The arguments advanced by the
670:European Court of Human Rights
1:
4408:Right to public participation
806:salus populi suprema lex esto
102:Economic, social and cultural
5454:Real estate investment trust
5059:Extraterrestrial real estate
4428:Right to science and culture
1672:Rossides, Daniel W. (1998).
1587:Rossides, Daniel W. (1998).
1528:Alfredsson & Eide (1999)
1516:Alfredsson & Eide (1999)
1504:Alfredsson & Eide (1999)
1417:Alfredsson & Eide (1999)
1391:Alfredsson & Eide (1999)
1365:Alfredsson & Eide (1999)
1353:Alfredsson & Eide (1999)
1327:Alfredsson & Eide (1999)
1284:Alfredsson & Eide (1999)
913:argued against equating the
746:Relationship to other rights
522:or to secure the payment of
463:), is often classified as a
398:Self-determination of people
79:Negative and positive rights
5459:Real property administrator
5449:Real estate investment club
4701:Freedom from discrimination
4254:Right to keep and bear arms
4164:Freedom from discrimination
2697:Two Treatises of Government
1430:Buonomo, Giampiero (2002).
1092:Property rights (economics)
1055:French Constitution of 1793
985:Two Treatises of Government
679:Handyside v. United Kingdom
487:) and where it is used for
69:Individual and group rights
32:Property rights (economics)
27:Human right to own property
5654:
5116:Private equity real estate
4562:Personification of Liberty
1614:Robinson, Eric W. (2004).
879:civil and political rights
858:
782:civil and political rights
757:civil and political rights
648:
591:
567:
29:
5568:
5064:International real estate
4935:
4842:All men are created equal
4418:Right to rest and leisure
4122:
3838:Anglo-Portuguese Alliance
3279:Standard Average European
2821:
2193:
714:International conventions
4433:Right to social security
4398:Right to Internet access
4343:Equal pay for equal work
4229:Presumption of innocence
3978:Lancaster House Treaties
3468:Christian existentialism
3428:Ancient Roman philosophy
3418:Ancient Greek philosophy
2749:The Great Transformation
2107:Labor theory of property
1777:65 Columbia Law Review 1
1007:labor theory of property
992:The English philosopher
931:chartered trading rights
56:Theoretical distinctions
5258:Real estate transaction
5147:Real estate development
4309:right to be a candidate
4139:Equality before the law
3756:Equality before the law
2963:Romano-Germanic culture
2318:Forest-dwelling (India)
2280:restraint on alienation
2060:Common good (economics)
1726:Alfredsson, Gudmundur;
1232:, protocol 1, article 1
1102:Real estate development
784:, such as the right to
5358:Real estate derivative
5318:Effective gross income
5084:Healthcare real estate
4169:Freedom of information
4154:Freedom of association
3918:Eastern European Group
3507:Continental philosophy
3438:Judeo-Christian ethics
3423:Hellenistic philosophy
2904:Cradle of civilization
2757:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
2531:Primitive accumulation
2386:Right of way (transit)
2171:Tragedy of the commons
2053:fictitious commodities
1201:Doebbler, Curtis F. J.
1050:Maximilien Robespierre
989:
903:
834:Protestant Reformation
704:Supreme Court of India
665:
642:
621:protection of property
616:
581:
553:
295:Other groups of rights
5628:Human rights by issue
5515:Industry trade groups
5419:Exclusive buyer agent
5373:Real estate valuation
5363:Real estate economics
5323:Gross rent multiplier
5152:Real estate investing
5054:Corporate Real Estate
4481:Intersex human rights
4289:Right of self-defense
4244:Right to a fair trial
4038:Three Seas Initiative
4013:Pacific Islands Forum
3878:British–Irish Council
3626:Greek Orthodox Church
3085:Industrial Revolution
3055:Scientific Revolution
2810:The Wealth of Nations
2790:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
2782:The Ethics of Liberty
978:
898:
838:Protestant work ethic
786:freedom of expression
457:right to own property
115:Rights by beneficiary
5333:Highest and best use
5299:Economics, financing
5263:Real estate contract
5157:Real estate flipping
5126:Residential property
5069:Lease administration
5021:United Arab Emirates
4887:Right-libertarianism
4867:Civil libertarianism
4821:Water and sanitation
4557:Moral responsibility
4368:Right to development
4249:Right to family life
4199:Freedom from torture
4184:Freedom from slavery
4033:Special Relationship
3443:Christian philosophy
3388:Western Christianity
3050:Age of Enlightenment
2924:Hellenistic Kingdoms
2673:Progress and Poverty
2007:Common-pool resource
1097:Real estate business
623:to varying degrees.
497:The Fourth Amendment
413:Water and sanitation
5313:Capitalization rate
5308:Asset-based lending
5142:Property management
5047:Commercial building
5042:Commercial property
4877:Left-libertarianism
4872:Drug liberalization
4179:Freedom of religion
4174:Freedom of movement
4149:Freedom of assembly
4131:Civil and political
4058:West Nordic Council
3923:Eastern Partnership
3512:Analytic philosophy
3213:Classical tradition
3035:Early modern period
2991:Classical antiquity
2986:European Bronze Age
2796:The Social Contract
2484:population transfer
2401:prior-appropriation
2080:homestead principle
1644:. National archives
1355:, pp. 359–360.
1141:Columbia Law Review
1011:American Revolution
960:Glorious Revolution
919:Thomas Rainsborough
842:early modern Europe
818:international trade
97:Civil and political
5540:Real estate trends
5444:Real estate broker
5414:Chartered Surveyor
5368:Real estate bubble
5348:Mortgage insurance
5181:Adverse possession
5104:Luxury real estate
5079:Garden real estate
4496:Right to sexuality
4373:Right to education
4299:Security of person
4194:Freedom of thought
3517:Post-structuralism
3480:Christian humanism
3110:Universal suffrage
2776:Murray N. Rothbard
2087:Free-rider problem
1467:വിശ്വനാഥൻ, വന്ദന.
1256:Stilman, Gabriel.
1107:Real estate bubble
1077:Entitlement theory
990:
943:Gerrard Winstanley
5615:
5614:
5253:Property abstract
5236:Land registration
5196:Concurrent estate
5121:Real estate owned
5111:Off-plan property
5089:Vacation property
5074:Niche real estate
4895:
4894:
4552:Cognitive liberty
4504:
4503:
4403:Right to property
4363:Right to clothing
4348:Fair remuneration
4316:Right to homeland
4264:Right to petition
4189:Freedom of speech
4081:
4080:
3908:Council of Europe
3810:International law
3763:Constitutionalism
3621:Eastern Orthodoxy
3127:Post–Cold War era
3060:Age of Revolution
2914:Greco-Roman world
2852:
2851:
2763:What Is Property?
2556:human trafficking
2541:Regulatory taking
2416:
2415:
2161:Right to property
1796:978-0-520-25641-5
1741:978-9-041-11168-5
1713:, pp. 97–98.
1701:, pp. 94–97.
1685:978-1-882289-50-9
1627:978-0-631-23394-7
1600:978-1-882289-50-9
1562:, pp. 91–94.
1216:978-0-9743570-2-7
1046:domestic servants
1019:Benjamin Franklin
1015:French Revolution
871:English Civil War
861:English Civil War
855:English Civil War
708:fundamental right
453:right to property
449:
448:
107:Three generations
16:(Redirected from
5645:
5603:
5602:
5590:
5589:
5577:
5576:
5520:Investment firms
5439:Property manager
5338:Home equity loan
5241:Leasehold estate
5201:Conditional sale
4922:
4915:
4908:
4899:
4579:Positive liberty
4574:Negative liberty
4531:
4524:
4517:
4508:
4393:Right to housing
4327:Economic, social
4274:Right to protest
4269:Right to privacy
4108:
4101:
4094:
4085:
3953:EU Customs Union
3485:Secular humanism
3433:Christian ethics
3383:East–West Schism
3366:Physical culture
3090:Great Divergence
3040:Age of Discovery
2879:
2872:
2865:
2856:
2829:
2828:
2733:John Stuart Mill
2653:Friedrich Engels
2634:Frédéric Bastiat
2627:
2479:Forced migration
2447:Collectivization
2191:
2070:First possession
2043:Bundle of rights
1848:
1841:
1834:
1825:
1808:
1783:Ishay, Micheline
1753:
1714:
1708:
1702:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1669:
1663:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1584:
1575:
1569:
1563:
1557:
1544:
1537:
1531:
1525:
1519:
1513:
1507:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1464:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1447:
1438:. Archived from
1426:
1420:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1400:
1394:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1374:
1368:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1336:
1330:
1324:
1315:
1314:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1293:
1287:
1281:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1239:
1233:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1197:
1186:
1185:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1137:Berle, Adolph A.
1132:
1112:Right to housing
1072:English land law
1023:Thomas Jefferson
687:Beyeler v. Italy
520:general interest
477:private property
471:regarding their
441:
434:
427:
388:Rest and leisure
51:
37:
21:
5653:
5652:
5648:
5647:
5646:
5644:
5643:
5642:
5618:
5617:
5616:
5611:
5564:
5468:
5387:
5328:Hard money loan
5300:
5294:
5275:Rent regulation
5166:
5130:
5030:
4949:
4931:
4926:
4896:
4891:
4825:
4811:To be forgotten
4726:Internet access
4649:
4603:
4540:
4535:
4505:
4500:
4471:Family planning
4456:
4447:
4423:Right of return
4383:Right to health
4331:
4328:
4320:
4284:Right to resist
4234:Right of asylum
4125:
4118:
4112:
4082:
4077:
4043:UKUSA Agreement
3983:Lublin Triangle
3868:Baltic Assembly
3820:
3814:
3732:
3569:
3404:
3274:Eurolinguistics
3143:
3132:Information age
3105:Interwar period
2972:
2892:
2883:
2853:
2848:
2817:
2621:
2620:
2614:
2564:husband-selling
2501:Illegal logging
2496:Illegal fishing
2425:
2412:
2323:Freedom to roam
2296:
2209:(agrarian land)
2182:
2139:Property rights
2031:
1988:
1950:Estate (landed)
1933:
1857:
1852:
1815:
1797:
1781:
1742:
1725:
1722:
1717:
1709:
1705:
1697:
1693:
1686:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1661:
1657:
1647:
1645:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1628:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1601:
1586:
1585:
1578:
1570:
1566:
1558:
1547:
1538:
1534:
1526:
1522:
1514:
1510:
1502:
1498:
1493:(in Malayalam).
1485:
1484:
1480:
1475:(in Malayalam).
1466:
1465:
1454:
1445:
1443:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1415:
1411:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1389:
1385:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1363:
1359:
1351:
1347:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1325:
1318:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1282:
1273:
1263:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1228:
1224:
1217:
1199:
1198:
1189:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1153:10.2307/1120512
1135:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1063:
973:
964:Reform Act 1832
947:landed property
907:Oliver Cromwell
894:Richard Overton
863:
857:
796:In Europe, The
794:
748:
716:
695:
653:
647:
600:
590:
572:
566:
532:
510:or in the 1966
469:natural persons
445:
318:Civil liberties
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Property rights
15:
12:
11:
5:
5651:
5649:
5641:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5620:
5619:
5613:
5612:
5610:
5609:
5606:List of topics
5596:
5583:
5569:
5566:
5565:
5563:
5562:
5557:
5555:Urban planning
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5535:Property cycle
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5495:Gentrification
5492:
5487:
5482:
5476:
5474:
5470:
5469:
5467:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5434:Moving company
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5395:
5393:
5389:
5388:
5386:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5304:
5302:
5296:
5295:
5293:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5266:
5265:
5255:
5250:
5249:
5248:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5216:Eminent domain
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5186:Chain of title
5183:
5177:
5175:
5174:and regulation
5168:
5167:
5165:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5138:
5136:
5132:
5131:
5129:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5107:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5050:
5049:
5038:
5036:
5032:
5031:
5029:
5028:
5026:United Kingdom
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4957:
4955:
4951:
4950:
4948:
4947:
4942:
4936:
4933:
4932:
4927:
4925:
4924:
4917:
4910:
4902:
4893:
4892:
4890:
4889:
4884:
4882:Libertarianism
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4833:
4831:
4827:
4826:
4824:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4657:
4655:
4651:
4650:
4648:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4611:
4609:
4605:
4604:
4602:
4601:
4596:
4594:Social liberty
4591:
4589:Self-ownership
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4570:
4569:
4559:
4554:
4548:
4546:
4542:
4541:
4536:
4534:
4533:
4526:
4519:
4511:
4502:
4501:
4499:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4462:
4460:
4449:
4448:
4446:
4445:
4440:
4438:Right to water
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4413:Right of reply
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4338:Digital rights
4334:
4332:
4325:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4318:
4313:
4312:
4311:
4301:
4296:
4294:Right to truth
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4135:
4133:
4127:
4126:
4123:
4120:
4119:
4113:
4111:
4110:
4103:
4096:
4088:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4075:
4073:Westernization
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4053:Visegrád Group
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3993:Nordic Council
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3888:Bucharest Nine
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3853:Arctic Council
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3824:
3822:
3816:
3815:
3813:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3801:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3765:
3760:
3759:
3758:
3748:
3742:
3740:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3719:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3697:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3651:
3650:
3649:
3648:
3647:
3637:
3636:
3635:
3630:
3629:
3628:
3618:
3617:
3616:
3606:
3605:
3604:
3579:
3577:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3565:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3544:
3543:
3531:
3530:
3529:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3488:
3487:
3482:
3472:
3471:
3470:
3463:Existentialism
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3414:
3412:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3402:
3401:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3375:
3374:
3373:
3363:
3362:
3361:
3356:
3346:
3345:
3344:
3334:
3329:
3328:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3307:
3306:
3305:
3295:
3294:
3293:
3283:
3282:
3281:
3276:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3239:
3234:
3233:
3232:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3198:
3193:
3192:
3191:
3181:
3176:
3175:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3153:
3151:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3139:
3134:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3027:
3022:
3021:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2996:Late antiquity
2988:
2982:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2949:
2948:
2947:
2946:
2941:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2911:
2906:
2900:
2898:
2894:
2893:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2874:
2867:
2859:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2846:
2845:
2844:
2834:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2814:
2813:
2801:
2800:
2799:
2787:
2786:
2785:
2773:
2768:
2767:
2766:
2754:
2753:
2752:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2729:
2728:
2716:
2715:
2714:
2702:
2701:
2700:
2688:
2683:
2681:Garrett Hardin
2678:
2677:
2676:
2664:
2663:
2662:
2650:
2645:
2644:
2643:
2630:
2628:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2612:
2607:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2573:
2572:
2571:
2566:
2558:
2553:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2492:
2491:
2486:
2476:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2452:Eminent domain
2449:
2444:
2443:
2442:
2435:Bioprospecting
2431:
2429:
2427:redistribution
2418:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2403:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2382:
2381:
2369:
2364:
2363:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2342:
2337:
2336:
2335:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2304:
2302:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2262:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2245:
2238:
2233:
2232:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2211:
2203:
2194:
2188:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2136:
2131:
2129:Natural rights
2126:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2083:
2082:
2077:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2056:
2055:
2045:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1998:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1974:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1851:
1850:
1843:
1836:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1814:
1813:External links
1811:
1810:
1809:
1795:
1779:
1770:
1754:
1740:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1715:
1703:
1691:
1684:
1664:
1655:
1633:
1626:
1606:
1599:
1576:
1574:, pp. 92.
1564:
1545:
1532:
1530:, p. 360.
1520:
1518:, p. 533.
1508:
1506:, p. 373.
1496:
1478:
1452:
1421:
1419:, p. 367.
1409:
1395:
1393:, p. 366.
1383:
1369:
1367:, p. 364.
1357:
1345:
1331:
1329:, p. 370.
1316:
1302:
1288:
1286:, p. 372.
1271:
1248:
1234:
1222:
1215:
1187:
1166:
1134:See generally
1126:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1062:
1059:
972:
969:
923:natural rights
881:, such as the
856:
853:
793:
790:
759:, such as the
747:
744:
715:
712:
694:
691:
649:Main article:
646:
643:
589:
586:
565:
562:
531:
528:
447:
446:
444:
443:
436:
429:
421:
418:
417:
416:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
355:
350:
345:
343:Free migration
340:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
297:
296:
292:
291:
290:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
233:
232:
227:
217:
212:
207:
206:
205:
195:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
165:
160:
155:
150:
145:
140:
135:
130:
125:
117:
116:
112:
111:
110:
109:
104:
99:
91:
90:
84:
83:
82:
81:
76:
71:
66:
58:
57:
53:
52:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5650:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5625:
5623:
5608:
5607:
5597:
5595:
5594:
5584:
5582:
5581:
5571:
5570:
5567:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5477:
5475:
5471:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5396:
5394:
5390:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5353:Mortgage loan
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5305:
5303:
5301:and valuation
5297:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5285:Torrens title
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5270:Real property
5268:
5264:
5261:
5260:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5247:
5244:
5243:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5169:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5139:
5137:
5133:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5099:Golf property
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5076:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5048:
5045:
5044:
5043:
5040:
5039:
5037:
5033:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4958:
4956:
4952:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4937:
4934:
4930:
4923:
4918:
4916:
4911:
4909:
4904:
4903:
4900:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4834:
4832:
4828:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4741:Morphological
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4658:
4656:
4652:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4640:Morphological
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4612:
4610:
4606:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4568:
4565:
4564:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4549:
4547:
4543:
4539:
4532:
4527:
4525:
4520:
4518:
4513:
4512:
4509:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4459:
4454:
4450:
4444:
4443:Right to work
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4378:Right to food
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4323:
4317:
4314:
4310:
4307:
4306:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4259:Right to life
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4132:
4128:
4121:
4117:
4109:
4104:
4102:
4097:
4095:
4090:
4089:
4086:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4018:PROSUR/PROSUL
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3913:Craiova Group
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3828:ABCANZ Armies
3826:
3825:
3823:
3817:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3739:
3735:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3656:
3655:
3652:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3641:
3638:
3634:
3633:Protestantism
3631:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3619:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3610:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3576:
3572:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3553:Sovereigntism
3551:
3549:
3546:
3542:
3541:
3537:
3536:
3535:
3532:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
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1543:, pp. 91
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1442:on 2012-08-01
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915:right to life
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883:right to vote
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810:Twelve Tables
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765:right to work
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761:right to vote
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700:Morarji Desai
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38:
33:
19:
5604:
5592:
5578:
5525:Land banking
5424:Land banking
5409:Buyer broker
5383:Rental value
5206:Conveyancing
5016:Saudi Arabia
4786:Self-defense
4760:
4630:Intellectual
4458:reproductive
4402:
4353:Labor rights
4329:and cultural
4239:Right to die
4116:human rights
4114:Substantive
4063:Western Bloc
3863:AUSCANNZUKUS
3819:Contemporary
3797:
3768:Human rights
3614:Latin Church
3588:Christianity
3538:
3497:Conservatism
3342:contemporary
3179:Architecture
3115:World War II
3075:Emancipation
3070:Abolitionism
2958:Romanization
2953:Roman legacy
2934:Roman Empire
2837:Property law
2808:
2794:
2780:
2761:
2747:
2743:Karl Polanyi
2723:
2719:Marcel Mauss
2709:
2695:
2686:David Harvey
2671:
2667:Henry George
2657:
2648:Ronald Coase
2638:
2623:
2569:wife selling
2551:bride buying
2489:repatriation
2471:
2422:Disposession
2376:
2265:Property law
2240:
2236:Forest types
2206:
2198:
2187:Applications
2160:
2117:rent-seeking
2102:Gift economy
1960:Intellectual
1786:
1764:
1731:
1711:Ishay (2008)
1706:
1699:Ishay (2008)
1694:
1674:
1667:
1658:
1646:. Retrieved
1636:
1616:
1609:
1589:
1572:Ishay (2008)
1567:
1560:Ishay (2008)
1541:Ishay (2008)
1535:
1523:
1511:
1499:
1491:Deshabhimani
1490:
1481:
1472:
1444:. Retrieved
1440:the original
1435:
1424:
1412:
1398:
1386:
1372:
1360:
1348:
1334:
1305:
1291:
1262:. Retrieved
1251:
1237:
1225:
1205:
1182:
1178:
1169:
1144:
1140:
1130:
1087:Property law
1039:
1032:
1004:
997:
991:
983:
936:
911:Henry Ireton
904:
899:
864:
848:
846:human rights
826:mercantilist
805:
801:
795:
749:
733:
717:
696:
686:
682:
678:
666:
662:
654:
639:
636:
633:
625:
617:
613:
601:
582:
577:
573:
554:
550:
533:
501:
491:rather than
485:corporations
456:
452:
450:
393:Self defense
383:Reproductive
372:
88:Human rights
5550:Urban decay
5404:Buyer agent
5226:Foreclosure
5221:Encumbrance
5094:Arable land
5006:Puerto Rico
4954:By location
4929:Real estate
4731:Information
4696:Family life
4666:Association
4486:LGBT rights
4219:Nationality
4209:LGBT rights
4003:Open Balkan
3821:integration
3751:Rule of law
3746:Natural law
3723:Agnosticism
3701:Hellenistic
3679:Anglo-Saxon
3609:Catholicism
3548:Atlanticism
3453:Rationalism
3259:Immigration
3242:Esotericism
3100:World War I
3065:Romanticism
3045:Reformation
3025:Renaissance
3003:Middle Ages
2968:Christendom
2897:Foundations
2711:Das Kapital
2598:progressive
2588:inheritance
2511:Land reform
2285:real estate
2260:Land tenure
2248:Inheritance
2176:anticommons
2112:Law of rent
2092:Game theory
2022:Information
2002:Common land
1899:Cooperative
1473:Mathrubhumi
1147:(1): 1–20.
1042:Abbé Sieyès
953:. With the
891:pamphleteer
887:commandment
869:during the
830:Lutheranism
814:Renaissance
604:subsistence
514:. The 1950
493:consumption
473:possessions
465:human right
368:Development
308:Association
203:Transgender
5622:Categories
5505:Green belt
5378:Remortgage
5162:Relocation
4961:Bangladesh
4691:Fair trial
4224:Personhood
4023:Rio Treaty
3534:Relativism
3492:Liberalism
3458:Empiricism
3410:Philosophy
3398:Secularism
3349:Philosophy
3286:Literature
3080:Capitalism
2842:by country
2804:Adam Smith
2691:John Locke
2355:indigenous
2350:aboriginal
2270:alienation
1965:indigenous
1955:Intangible
1869:Collective
1720:References
1648:15 January
1446:2016-03-26
1264:2 February
994:John Locke
980:John Locke
859:See also:
592:See also:
568:See also:
530:Definition
489:production
358:Linguistic
333:Fair trial
215:Minorities
183:Indigenous
5490:Filtering
5480:Companies
5399:Appraiser
5280:Severance
4976:Indonesia
4857:Anarchism
4791:Sexuality
4686:Education
4645:Political
4599:Free will
4204:Legal aid
3968:Five Eyes
3963:EU–UK TCA
3805:Democracy
3694:Old Norse
3583:Abrahamic
3540:Peritrope
3522:Tolerance
3502:Socialism
3332:Mythology
3320:Classical
3269:Languages
3247:Astrology
3095:Modernism
2909:Old World
2705:Karl Marx
2506:Land Back
2457:Enclosure
2440:biopiracy
2378:Bergregal
2360:squatting
2134:Ownership
2048:Commodity
2027:Knowledge
1938:By nature
1894:Customary
1884:Community
1805:10435060M
1750:12803991M
1539:Compare:
867:Levellers
849:vis-a-vis
822:merchants
798:Roman law
461:ownership
455:, or the
403:Sexuality
328:Education
252:Prisoners
143:Creditors
138:Consumers
5633:Property
5580:Category
5485:Eviction
5429:Landlord
5231:Land law
4996:Pakistan
4940:Property
4862:Autonomy
4830:See also
4771:Religion
4761:Property
4746:Movement
4661:Assembly
4654:By right
4635:Internet
4625:Economic
4615:Academic
4567:Libertas
4545:Concepts
4466:Abortion
4304:Suffrage
4028:Schengen
3958:Eurozone
3798:Property
3793:Religion
3684:Frankish
3674:Germanic
3654:Paganism
3575:Religion
3563:European
3475:Humanism
3378:Religion
3337:Painting
3303:Internet
3254:Folklore
3225:Clothing
3196:Calendar
3172:Cyrillic
3157:Alphabet
3120:Cold War
2832:Property
2725:The Gift
2624:key work
2619:Scholars
2603:property
2560:spousal
2526:Poaching
2462:Eviction
2406:riparian
2367:Littoral
2275:easement
2253:executor
2224:literary
2149:usufruct
2097:Georgism
1977:Tangible
1972:Personal
1879:Communal
1862:By owner
1855:Property
1785:(2008).
1773:AA Berle
1761:GC Means
1757:AA Berle
1730:(1999).
1203:(2006).
1061:See also
1013:and the
1005:Locke's
982:'s 1689
875:property
832:and the
804:Second,
738:and the
675:pensions
588:Americas
373:Property
363:Movement
303:Assembly
267:Students
242:Peasants
237:Patients
188:Intersex
153:Disabled
133:Children
5593:Commons
5510:Indices
5392:Parties
5191:Closing
5135:Sectors
4806:Thought
4796:Silence
4766:Protest
4756:Privacy
4721:Housing
4608:By type
4538:Liberty
4214:Liberty
3873:Benelux
3778:Thought
3728:Atheism
3669:Finnish
3645:Culture
3640:Judaism
3602:Eastern
3598:Western
3593:Culture
3527:Paradox
3393:Decline
3354:Science
3230:History
3218:Studies
3201:Cuisine
3189:Periods
3149:Culture
2978:History
2944:Eastern
2939:Western
2890:culture
2640:The Law
2546:Slavery
2372:Mineral
2340:Hunting
2333:pannage
2328:Grazing
2313:Fishing
2199:Acequia
2166:Rivalry
2154:women's
2012:Digital
1994:Commons
1929:Unowned
1904:Private
1161:1120512
939:Diggers
792:History
558:justice
539:or the
353:Housing
323:Digital
282:Workers
272:Victims
230:Mothers
225:Fathers
220:Parents
173:Fetuses
168:Farmers
128:Animals
123:Accused
5598:
5585:
5572:
5530:People
5464:Tenant
5290:Zoning
5011:Russia
5001:Panama
4986:Turkey
4966:Canada
4801:Speech
4781:Resist
4776:Repair
4716:Health
4676:Choice
4671:Asylum
4584:Rights
4453:Sexual
3893:CANZUK
3783:Speech
3711:Slavic
3689:Gothic
3664:Celtic
3659:Baltic
3558:Values
3359:Values
2919:Greece
2521:Piracy
2473:Farhud
2301:Rights
2242:Huerta
2214:Estate
2036:Theory
2017:Global
1919:Social
1909:Public
1874:Common
1803:
1793:
1748:
1738:
1682:
1624:
1597:
1213:
1179:un.org
1159:
645:Europe
564:Africa
483:(i.e.
408:Speech
378:Repair
348:Health
313:Asylum
262:States
257:Robots
247:Plants
178:Humans
163:Family
158:Elders
41:Rights
5473:Other
5246:Lease
5035:Types
4991:Kenya
4981:Italy
4971:China
4816:Truth
4751:Press
4681:Death
4620:Civil
4048:USMCA
3903:CEFTA
3858:AUKUS
3848:ANZUS
3843:ANZUK
3788:Press
3706:Roman
3371:Sport
3315:Chant
3310:Music
3298:Media
3291:Canon
3237:Dance
3167:Latin
3162:Greek
3008:early
2610:Theft
2396:Water
2290:title
2219:legal
2207:Ejido
1945:Croft
1924:State
1889:Crown
1157:JSTOR
1123:Notes
693:India
579:laws.
524:taxes
459:(cf.
287:Youth
277:Women
193:Kings
5211:Deed
4736:Life
4706:Food
4008:OSCE
3988:NATO
3933:EFTA
3898:CBSS
3883:BSEC
3773:Life
3325:Folk
3206:Diet
3018:late
3013:high
2929:Rome
2888:and
2593:poll
2576:wage
2345:Land
2229:real
1982:real
1914:Self
1791:ISBN
1759:and
1736:ISBN
1680:ISBN
1650:2011
1622:ISBN
1595:ISBN
1266:2016
1211:ISBN
1021:and
909:and
877:and
780:and
626:The
596:and
467:for
451:The
338:Food
198:LGBT
148:Deaf
5172:Law
4711:Gun
4455:and
3998:OAS
3943:ESA
3938:EPC
3928:EEA
3833:AER
3738:Law
3716:Neo
3264:Law
3184:Art
2583:Tax
2308:Air
1149:doi
929:or
873:on
820:by
816:as
526:."
210:Men
5624::
3973:G7
3948:EU
1801:OL
1799:.
1763:,
1746:OL
1744:.
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1548:^
1489:.
1471:.
1455:^
1434:.
1319:^
1274:^
1190:^
1181:.
1177:.
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1145:65
1143:.
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495:.
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1151::
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