152:
48:
164:
262:
forming the supporting layer of the acinus. In prostate cancer, the abnormal cells spread beyond the boundaries of the acinus and form clusters without basal cells. In HGPIN, the basal cell layer is disrupted but present. PIN is primarily found in the peripheral zone of the prostate (75-80%), rarely
400:
PIN was historically subdivided into different stages, based on the level of cell atypia. PIN was formerly classified as PIN 1, 2 or 3, in order of increasing cell irregularities. Nowadays, PIN 1 is referred to as low grade PIN, and PIN 2 and PIN 3 are grouped together as high grade PIN. Only high
277:
Several architectural variants of PIN have been described, and many cases have multiple patterns. The main ones are tufting, micropapillary, cribriform, and flat. Although these different appearances may cause confusion with other conditions, they have not been found to be of clinical importance.
138:
specimens, nearby or even in connection with prostate cancer. It tends to occur in the peripheral zone of the prostate. With age, it becomes increasingly multifocal, like prostate cancer. Molecular analysis has shown that high grade PIN and prostate cancer share many genetic abnormalities.
901:
886:
733:
Herawi, M.; Kahane, H.; Cavallo, C.; Epstein, JI. (Jan 2006). "Risk of prostate cancer on first re-biopsy within 1 year following a diagnosis of high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia is related to the number of cores sampled".
527:
Montironi R, Mazzucchelli R, Lopez-Beltran A, Cheng L, Scarpelli M (June 2007). "Mechanisms of disease: high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and other proposed preneoplastic lesions in the prostate".
434:
Montironi R, Mazzucchelli R, Lopez-Beltran A, Cheng L, Scarpelli M (June 2007). "Mechanisms of disease: high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and other proposed preneoplastic lesions in the prostate".
142:
The risk for men with high grade PIN of being diagnosed with prostate cancer after repeat biopsy has decreased since the introduction of biopsies at more than six locations (traditional sextant biopsies).
369:
HGPIN in isolation does not require treatment. In prostate biopsies it is not predictive of prostate cancer in one year if the prostate was well-sampled, i.e. if there were 8 or more cores.
401:
grade PIN has been shown to be a risk factor for prostate cancer. Because low grade PIN has no significance and does not require repeat biopsies or treatment, it is not mentioned in
372:
The exact timing of repeat biopsies remains an area of controversy, as the time required for, and probability of HGPIN transformations to prostate cancer are not well understood.
134:
There are several reasons why PIN is the most likely prostate cancer precursor. PIN is more common in men with prostate cancer. High grade PIN can be found in 85 to 100% of
151:
944:
683:
263:
in the transition zone (10-15%) and very rarely in the central zone (5%), a distribution that parallels the zonal distribution for prostate carcinoma.
250:(the berry-shaped termination of a gland, where the secretion is produced) or duct. The latter can be demonstrated with special staining techniques (
311:
274:(localized cancer) in other organs. However, PIN differs from carcinoma in situ in that it may remain unchanged or even spontaneously regress.
937:
978:
1125:
414:
47:
163:
1201:
1158:
930:
988:
278:
Rarer types are signet-ring-cell, small-cell-neuroendocrine, mucinous, foamy, inverted, and with squamous differentiation.
771:"Prostate cancer detection at rebiopsy after an initial benign diagnosis: results using sextant extended prostate biopsy"
315:
1135:
1037:
342:
243:
242:. The architecture of the glands and ducts remains normal. The epithelial cells proliferate and crowding results in a
354:
338:
1180:
334:
1175:
1206:
88:
1062:
820:"Morphological identification of the patterns of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and their importance"
346:
321:
135:
122:
HGPIN in isolation is asymptomatic. It is typically discovered in prostate biopsies taken to rule-out
1130:
251:
1057:
1032:
993:
905:
17:
1170:
998:
553:
460:
180:
1165:
155:
Histopathology of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) with typical features,
969:
959:
849:
800:
751:
715:
677:
643:
594:
545:
504:
452:
271:
107:
67:
665:
573:"Contemporary clinical management of isolated high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia"
839:
831:
790:
782:
743:
707:
633:
625:
584:
537:
494:
444:
1100:
1077:
1049:
1019:
1010:
350:
123:
92:
922:
698:
Ayala, AG; Ro, JY (August 2007). "Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia: recent advances".
186:
1108:
1067:
844:
819:
795:
770:
638:
613:
389:
259:
239:
232:
225:
910:
747:
324:- complete removal of prostate and seminal vesicles (a treatment for prostate cancer).
1195:
1153:
1145:
786:
557:
464:
267:
203:
87:) is an abnormality of prostatic glands and believed to precede the development of
769:
Leite KR, Camara-Lopes LH, Cury J, Dall'oglio MF, Sañudo A, Srougi M (June 2008).
156:
59:
711:
287:
255:
192:
895:
499:
482:
330:
236:
172:
55:
629:
589:
572:
402:
385:
853:
804:
755:
719:
647:
598:
549:
508:
456:
878:
1082:
1072:
1027:
955:
835:
818:
Montironi R, Mazzucchelli R, Algaba F, Lopez-Beltran A (September 2000).
314:- removal of extra prostate tissue to improve urination (a treatment for
270:
state, PIN is often considered the prostate equivalent of what is called
218:
211:
541:
448:
305:
72:
890:
381:
299:
295:
247:
126:
and very frequently seen in prostates removed for prostate cancer.
162:
111:
405:
reports. As such, PIN has become synonymous with high grade PIN.
926:
612:
Hughes C, Murphy A, Martin C, Sheils O, O'Leary J (July 2005).
246:
appearance. They remain fully contained within a prostate
666:"High grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN)"
58:
showing high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia.
660:
Image by Mikael Häggström, MD. Reference for features:
868:
664:
Margaret
Sanders, M.B.B.Ch., Murali Varma, M.B.B.S.
1144:
1099:
1048:
1018:
1009:
977:
968:
872:
66:
37:
32:
343:ultrasound scanning of the prostate via the rectum
483:"High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia"
700:Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine
206:features are that of prostatic adenocarcinoma:
167:High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia.
106:). It is considered to be a pre-malignancy, or
1114:High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia
522:
520:
518:
81:High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia
33:High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia
938:
235:, PIN is a collection of irregular, atypical
8:
682:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1015:
974:
945:
931:
923:
869:
476:
474:
171:HGPIN typically has one of four different
46:
29:
843:
794:
637:
588:
498:
614:"Molecular pathology of prostate cancer"
150:
426:
312:transurethral resection of the prostate
675:
7:
688:Last author update: 23 February 2021
286:HGPIN is diagnosed from tissue by a
1126:List of people with prostate cancer
415:Atypical small acinar proliferation
100:prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia
41:Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia
18:Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia
481:Bostwick DG, Qian J (March 2004).
388:, the chance of finding prostatic
25:
98:It may be referred to simply as
787:10.1590/S1807-59322008000300009
266:Because it is thought to be a
1:
748:10.1016/S0022-5347(05)00064-9
577:Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis
384:, given a history of a HGPIN
361:useful for diagnosing HGPIN.
1159:Extramammary Paget's disease
316:benign prostatic hyperplasia
308:removal of prostate tissue:
219:nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio
1136:Transitional-cell carcinoma
1038:Germ cell neoplasia in situ
712:10.5858/2007-131-1257-PINRA
571:Godoy G, Taneja SS (2008).
130:Relation to prostate cancer
1223:
989:Sertoli–Leydig cell tumour
355:magnetic resonance imaging
339:digital rectal examination
1181:Hirsuties coronae glandis
500:10.1038/modpathol.3800053
335:prostate specific antigen
91:(the most common form of
54:
45:
1176:Erythroplasia of Queyrat
630:10.1136/jcp.2002.003954
590:10.1038/sj.pcan.4501014
290:, which may come from:
89:prostate adenocarcinoma
1202:Male genital neoplasia
1063:Endodermal sinus tumor
392:is approximately 30%.
347:fine needle aspiration
168:
160:
322:radical prostatectomy
181:fascicular patterning
166:
154:
136:radical prostatectomy
1131:Small-cell carcinoma
836:10.1136/jcp.53.9.655
252:immunohistochemistry
1058:Embryonal carcinoma
1033:Spermatocytic tumor
994:Sertoli cell tumour
530:Nat Clin Pract Urol
437:Nat Clin Pract Urol
110:, of the prostatic
1171:Bowenoid papulosis
999:Leydig cell tumour
670:Pathology Outlines
542:10.1038/ncpuro0815
449:10.1038/ncpuro0815
258:) to identify the
169:
161:
118:Signs and symptoms
1189:
1188:
1095:
1094:
1091:
1090:
960:urogenital system
920:
919:
353:studies (such as
272:carcinoma in situ
244:pseudo-multilayer
108:carcinoma in situ
78:
77:
27:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
1214:
1016:
975:
947:
940:
933:
924:
870:
858:
857:
847:
815:
809:
808:
798:
766:
760:
759:
730:
724:
723:
695:
689:
687:
681:
673:
658:
652:
651:
641:
609:
603:
602:
592:
568:
562:
561:
524:
513:
512:
502:
478:
469:
468:
431:
380:On a subsequent
50:
30:
21:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1192:
1191:
1190:
1185:
1166:Bowen's disease
1140:
1087:
1078:Choriocarcinoma
1044:
1005:
981:gonadal stromal
980:
964:
951:
921:
916:
915:
881:
867:
862:
861:
824:J. Clin. Pathol
817:
816:
812:
768:
767:
763:
732:
731:
727:
697:
696:
692:
674:
663:
661:
659:
655:
618:J. Clin. Pathol
611:
610:
606:
570:
569:
565:
526:
525:
516:
480:
479:
472:
433:
432:
428:
423:
411:
398:
378:
367:
351:medical imaging
284:
233:Microscopically
149:
132:
124:prostate cancer
120:
93:prostate cancer
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1220:
1218:
1210:
1209:
1207:Histopathology
1204:
1194:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1150:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1111:
1109:Adenocarcinoma
1105:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1068:Gonadoblastoma
1065:
1060:
1054:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1024:
1022:
1013:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1003:
1002:
1001:
996:
985:
983:
972:
966:
965:
963:
962:
952:
950:
949:
942:
935:
927:
918:
917:
914:
913:
898:
882:
877:
876:
874:
873:Classification
866:
865:External links
863:
860:
859:
810:
761:
725:
706:(8): 1257–66.
690:
653:
604:
563:
514:
470:
425:
424:
422:
419:
418:
417:
410:
407:
397:
394:
390:adenocarcinoma
377:
374:
366:
363:
328:
327:
326:
325:
319:
303:
298:taken via the
283:
280:
230:
229:
222:
215:
200:
199:
196:
190:
187:micropapillary
184:
148:
145:
131:
128:
119:
116:
76:
75:
70:
64:
63:
52:
51:
43:
42:
39:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1219:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
991:
990:
987:
986:
984:
982:
976:
973:
971:
967:
961:
957:
954:
953:
948:
943:
941:
936:
934:
929:
928:
925:
912:
908:
907:
903:
899:
897:
893:
892:
888:
884:
883:
880:
875:
871:
864:
855:
851:
846:
841:
837:
833:
830:(9): 655–65.
829:
825:
821:
814:
811:
806:
802:
797:
792:
788:
784:
781:(3): 339–42.
780:
776:
772:
765:
762:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
729:
726:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
694:
691:
685:
679:
671:
667:
657:
654:
649:
645:
640:
635:
631:
627:
624:(7): 673–84.
623:
619:
615:
608:
605:
600:
596:
591:
586:
582:
578:
574:
567:
564:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
536:(6): 321–32.
535:
531:
523:
521:
519:
515:
510:
506:
501:
496:
493:(3): 360–79.
492:
488:
484:
477:
475:
471:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
443:(6): 321–32.
442:
438:
430:
427:
420:
416:
413:
412:
408:
406:
404:
395:
393:
391:
387:
383:
375:
373:
370:
364:
362:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
323:
320:
317:
313:
310:
309:
307:
304:
301:
297:
293:
292:
291:
289:
281:
279:
275:
273:
269:
264:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
238:
234:
227:
223:
220:
216:
213:
209:
208:
207:
205:
197:
194:
191:
188:
185:
182:
178:
177:
176:
174:
165:
158:
157:H&E stain
153:
146:
144:
140:
137:
129:
127:
125:
117:
115:
113:
109:
105:
101:
96:
94:
90:
86:
82:
74:
71:
69:
65:
61:
60:H&E stain
57:
53:
49:
44:
40:
36:
31:
19:
1118:
1113:
958:of the male
900:
885:
827:
823:
813:
778:
774:
764:
742:(1): 121–4.
739:
735:
728:
703:
699:
693:
669:
656:
621:
617:
607:
583:(1): 20–31.
580:
576:
566:
533:
529:
490:
486:
440:
436:
429:
399:
379:
371:
368:
358:
329:
285:
276:
268:premalignant
265:
256:cytokeratins
231:
210:presence of
201:
170:
141:
133:
121:
103:
99:
97:
84:
80:
79:
487:Mod. Pathol
331:Blood tests
288:pathologist
260:basal cells
38:Other names
1196:Categories
421:References
237:epithelial
224:increased
217:increased
193:cribriform
175:patterns:
173:histologic
56:Micrograph
1154:Carcinoma
1011:Germ cell
979:Sex cord–
970:Testicles
403:pathology
386:diagnosis
376:Prognosis
365:Treatment
294:a needle
282:Diagnosis
204:cytologic
147:Histology
68:Specialty
1101:Prostate
1083:Embryoma
1073:Teratoma
1028:Seminoma
854:11041054
805:18568243
756:16406886
720:17683188
678:cite web
648:15976331
599:17909565
558:31478798
550:17551536
509:14739906
465:31478798
457:17551536
409:See also
306:surgical
212:nucleoli
179:tufted (
845:1731241
796:2664245
775:Clinics
639:1770715
396:History
337:(PSA),
226:nuclear
73:Urology
956:Tumors
852:
842:
803:
793:
754:
736:J Urol
718:
646:
636:
597:
556:
548:
507:
463:
455:
382:biopsy
357:) are
300:rectum
296:biopsy
248:acinus
112:glands
1146:Penis
1119:HGPIN
911:233.4
896:D07.5
554:S2CID
461:S2CID
240:cells
228:size.
198:flat.
85:HGPIN
906:9-CM
850:PMID
801:PMID
752:PMID
716:PMID
684:link
644:PMID
595:PMID
546:PMID
505:PMID
453:PMID
333:for
302:and,
254:for
221:and,
202:Its
195:and,
902:ICD
887:ICD
840:PMC
832:doi
791:PMC
783:doi
744:doi
740:175
708:doi
704:131
634:PMC
626:doi
585:doi
538:doi
495:doi
445:doi
359:not
349:or
104:PIN
95:).
1198::
1050:NG
909::
894::
891:10
848:.
838:.
828:53
826:.
822:.
799:.
789:.
779:63
777:.
773:.
750:.
738:.
714:.
702:.
680:}}
676:{{
668:.
662:-
642:.
632:.
622:58
620:.
616:.
593:.
581:11
579:.
575:.
552:.
544:.
532:.
517:^
503:.
491:17
489:.
485:.
473:^
459:.
451:.
439:.
345:,
341:,
318:),
114:.
1020:G
946:e
939:t
932:v
904:-
889:-
879:D
856:.
834::
807:.
785::
758:.
746::
722:.
710::
686:)
672:.
650:.
628::
601:.
587::
560:.
540::
534:4
511:.
497::
467:.
447::
441:4
214:,
189:,
183:)
159:.
102:(
83:(
62:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
