236:
there are about 4,000 transgender sex workers in
Istanbul and a total of 8,000 to 10,000 trans-women in all major cities in Turkey. According to a study done by NIH in 2021, there are about 30,447 female sex workers and 15,780 transgender sex workers in Istanbul, Turkey. The Global Network of Sex Work Projects found that between 2008 and 2012, thirty-one transgender sex workers were killed in Turkey. According to another study, between 2009 and 2015, thirty-seven transgender homicides were committed. Turkey is known to have the highest transgender homicide rates in all of Europe. However, women who are trans and sex workers, are subjected to the most physical and sexual violence from both clients and police officers.
165:
be subjected to a medical examination if caught by law enforcement. Although laws and policies regarding prostitution in Turkey aim to benefit public health, they fail to take into account the rights of sex workers. Despite strict regulations on health checks, the men who pay for sex are not subjected to any medical examination for STDs. This is likely due to the government's efforts to keep brothels open for “men's sexual needs.” The tolerance of male sexuality and the lack of medical examination, punishment, or any penalty for clients who buy sex fuel the growth of the sex business in Turkey.
181:), are state-run, with bodyguards appointed by the police. As of 2011, there were about 56 state-licensed brothels. It is estimated that the Turkish sex market includes about 100,000 (legal and illegal). While the sex trade takes many forms, those who work as indoor prostitutes have more advantages than those who engage in street prostitution. This may be attributed to the fact that those who work outdoors are prone to be robbed, harassed, and sexually abused. While indoor prostitution poses a better option, to work indoors, women must be registered, unmarried, and over the age of eighteen.
201:. And as a result of its geographical location, many citizens of neighboring countries are able to travel to Turkey. They can stay from thirty to ninety days, which in turn provides economic benefits to the country. According to the World Tourism Organization, Turkey ranked 7th in 2009 as a destination country for international tourism. However, the Turkish Passport Law “forbids individuals from entering the country solely for the purpose of prostitution” and it is illegal for unregistered workers and foreigners to perform any type of sex work.
24:
209:
across national borders. Migrant and queer sex workers became associated with sexual objects/bodies that caused HIV/AIDS to spread to Turkey. This type of media caused a greater panic in
Turkish citizens and the government, eventually leading to police raids of migrant workers' homes, mandatory STD tests, and deportation. Migrant workers to this day are both feared and hated. They are seen as individuals who came to Turkey to steal loyal Turkish husbands and employment.
1631:
1641:
185:
women register as sex workers, they are required to register their home address, allowing the police to raid their homes at any moment. Not only do they give up their privacy, but registered sex workers also live in a constant fear of their neighbors and family members finding out their profession, due to the stigma surrounding sex work in Turkey.
366:. In 2003 it was estimated that 100,000 women have been sold by family or ex spouses (because of imagined or real transgressions of traditions) into sex work. Syrian females have been exploited by criminals and have been force to engage in sex in the town of Şanlıurfa. Widows have also been targeted. There have been reports according to
164:
Though laws were enacted to regulate prostitution and the spread of venereal diseases, these laws harm sex workers more than benefit them. Sex workers must be tested for STDs twice a week at hospitals designated for registered sex workers. While no law incriminates illegal sex workers, they can still
145:
is mandatory. The police are allowed to check the authenticity of registered prostitutes to determine whether they have been examined properly and to ensure they see the health authorities if they do not. However, men cannot register under this regulation. Most prostitutes, however, are unregistered,
244:
Illegal prostitution is classified as operating a brothel without being licensed, being a prostitute without having health checkups, being a prostitute without having a license, or being a prostitute without being registered. Operating of illegal prostitution is punishable with a maximum of 1 year's
204:
Data from 2001 to 2009 reveal that 24,750 voluntary sex workers were deported; of these deportees, 27% were diagnosed with STDs. Many of these migrant and foreign women who are in the sex industry are considered by law to be criminal offenders. Foreign women usually leave their countries in hopes of
248:
Indoor prostitution in Turkey is regulated and legal, while escort services are both illegal and unregulated. Clients can go on websites that offer sexual services because these web pages have no age requirement to use them.This enables both clients and sex workers of all ages to use the website as
109:
In Muslim Turkey, prostitution is seen as a way for a few women to protect others' from male lust. In the early 1900s, there were about 2000 registered prostitutes in
Istanbul. Under the Islamist Justice and Development Party (AKP), the granting of licenses have slowed and legal brothels demolished
100:
Throughout the years, an increasing amount of women began to resort to prostitution as a means of financial income. Many women who resorted to prostitution did so due to being single mothers, homelessness, poverty, and to afford childcare services. While only registered and unmarried women over the
96:
By the early 1900s, the approximated number of registered prostitutes in
Istanbul was 2,000. Within this population, a study done in 1919-1920 concluded that sixty percent of these women were non-Muslim and forty percent were Muslim; however, this number did not account for the prostitutes who were
235:
are the most vulnerable and susceptible to violence and harassment as they are forced to work outside legal institutions. Thus, they typically engage in street prostitution, and many struggle with homelessness and poverty. According to the 2011 report by the Human
Resource Development Foundation,
184:
In addition, women once registered are unable to work outside of the sex industry unless they receive approval from the police. Although the state-run brothels were initially created to regulate the spread of venereal diseases, they now pose a threat to infringing the rights of sex workers. Once
208:
Foreign and migrant sex workers have been painted in the media as the cause of the spread of venereal diseases such as HIV/AIDS. During the late 1980s and 1990s, as the HIV/AIDS crisis was at its peak, media coverage in Turkey portrayed many migrant sex workers as the reason why HIV/AIDS spread
188:
A 2010 survey of registered sex workers revealed that 66% were single, 8% married, and 26% were previously married. And on average 25% of registered women completed primary school while only 10% completed middle school. Furthermore, a lack of childcare services and low income contributed to the
189:
reasons why many sex workers resorted to sex work. While sex workers are currently being portrayed by the media as "entrepreneurs" and "seekers of happiness," these statistics reveal how the majority of prostitutes were forced into the sex market as a result of various socio-economic factors.
401:
Although some prostitutes are licensed they are tied to a debt bondage system to the brothel in which they work, most of the brothels are managed by mobsters. Some women who have attempted to flee at times were handed back to the brothels by the police.
249:
they please. Escorts can work independently from the convenience of their homes or any location of their choosing. This also enables male and transgender sex workers who are not legally allowed to sell sex, to use such platforms to find clients.
392:
120 children victims were found by the
Turkish government, Walk Free however indicated that the issue is likely not well reported. Walk Free reported that Syrian children, including boys in the border area were at risk of explotation.
101:
age of eighteen can work in state-regulated brothels, those un-registered are forced to work outside the system. Thus, non-registered women had to work in illegal brothels, as streetwalkers, and sell sexual services from their homes.
260:
are also present in current Turkey. Strip clubs must also be licensed and strippers must be registered and have regular health checkups. All persons entering strip clubs must be at least 18 years old.
114:, this leaves women at greater risk of arrest, violence and harassment. Foreign Policy attributed this policy to the AKP's wish to present a pious Islamic image of the country.
97:
working illegally. Investigation indicated that larger numbers of Muslim women were illegally or secretly engaging in prostitution, compare to their non-Muslim counterparts.
377:
205:
finding domestic labor to support themselves and their families; however, as a result of the stigmatization they face when arriving in Turkey, they resort to prostitution.
1596:
126:(Law No. 5237). Promoting prostitution is punishable by two months to four years' imprisonment. The passport law forbids entry to Turkey for the purposes of prostitution.
141:
stating the dates of their health checks. It is mandatory for registered prostitutes to undergo regular health checks for sexually transmitted diseases, and the use of
231:
Generally, most transgender individuals in Turkey who are in the sex industry experience structural violence and by law are excluded from selling sex legally.
1606:
1013:"Programmatic mapping and size estimation of female sex workers, transgender sex workers and men who have sex with men in İstanbul and Ankara, Turkey"
1140:
177:
in Turkey takes many forms, including escort prostitution, street prostitution, and prostitution conducted in brothels. More specifically, brothels (
1520:
363:
1805:
1545:
731:
1735:
1677:
1565:
1223:
572:
1270:
1067:
464:
1942:
1755:
274:
In 2008, activists and sex workers in Turkey announced they were working on a project to establish Turkey's first sex workers' union.
2008:
1780:
1355:
620:
534:
374:
752:
1113:
1601:
635:[General Regulations regarding Brothels and Prostitution and the Fight Against Venereal Disease No: 30/03/1961 – 5/984].
2054:
2023:
1975:
1867:
1862:
1560:
1465:
704:
632:
134:
633:"Genel Kadinlar Ve Genelevleri̇n Tabi̇ Olacaklari Hükümler Ve Fuhuş Yüzünden Bulaşan Zührevi̇ Hastaliklarla Mücadele Tüzüğü"
1980:
1827:
1570:
963:"Border panic over the pandemic: mediated anxieties about migrant sex workers and queers during the AIDS crises in Turkey"
381:
1985:
1947:
1515:
1480:
1435:
1147:
1927:
1405:
1400:
1295:
353:
1011:
Gokengin, Deniz; Aybek, Georgetta; Aral, Sevgi O; Blanchard, James; Serter, Demir; Emmanuel, Faran (29 March 2021).
69:
which must receive permits from the government to operate. In turn, the regulatory agencies issue identity cards to
2059:
1897:
1857:
1837:
1817:
1720:
1670:
1525:
1500:
1415:
1395:
1345:
1315:
1305:
81:. However, many local governments now have a policy of not issuing new registrations, and in some cities, such as
2013:
1832:
1611:
1490:
1485:
1365:
93:. In 2012, it was estimated there are 100,000 unliscenced prostitutes in Turkey, half of whom are foreign born.
2033:
2018:
1965:
1912:
1907:
1882:
1740:
1555:
1505:
1460:
1440:
1430:
1330:
1287:
1263:
2003:
1937:
1887:
1847:
1800:
1795:
1785:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1745:
1730:
1725:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1530:
1445:
1425:
1310:
1300:
1114:"Barely illegal: The changing face of Turkey's pleasure industry - Al-Monitor: The Pulse of the Middle East"
153:
Law, Article 32. However, the application of this law has been quite controversial. In some cities, such as
2028:
1970:
1922:
1902:
1892:
1877:
1872:
1852:
1822:
1790:
1775:
1750:
1686:
1575:
1475:
1410:
1390:
1380:
1340:
1325:
1320:
370:
that Yazidi women who were enslaved by ISIS are still held captive in the Mid east, including in Turkey.
269:
232:
1205:
1917:
1842:
1812:
1663:
1616:
1535:
1495:
1470:
1450:
1385:
1360:
1350:
1335:
198:
813:"Migration, Agency, and the Sex Industry: Practitioners' Perspectives on Foreign Sex Workers in Turkey"
61:
allowed prostitution to achieve legal status during the early 20th century. Known as "general houses" (
1455:
1420:
1375:
1370:
1279:
655:
58:
1585:
1256:
1231:
1640:
1048:
990:
936:
848:
123:
1040:
1032:
982:
928:
889:
840:
832:
785:
578:
568:
530:
438:
359:
138:
679:
1091:
1024:
974:
920:
879:
824:
781:
772:
Coşkun, Emel (2015-07-28). "Curbing sex trafficking in Turkey: The policy–practice divide".
522:
708:
411:
78:
690:
37:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
111:
2048:
1634:
1052:
994:
940:
220:
852:
197:
Turkey is considered a top 10 destination country for foreigners due to its lenient
962:
868:"Media Salience and the Process of Framing: Coverage of the Professor Prostitution"
174:
35:. The reason given is: Old data does not reflect contemporary status of the issues.
1012:
978:
701:
640:
1028:
1644:
150:
90:
74:
739:
514:
908:
812:
582:
526:
384:' country. The Turkish government identified 201 sex traffic victims in 2021.
257:
70:
1036:
986:
932:
924:
893:
836:
828:
609:
719:
367:
1044:
844:
1655:
1168:
884:
867:
146:
as local governments have made it policy not to issue new registrations.
1248:
66:
562:
519:
Selling Sex in the City: A Global
History of Prostitution, 1600s-2000s
817:
International
Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology
656:"Framing Prostitution in Turkey: News Media Coverage of Prostitution"
154:
142:
82:
1068:"Ezgi Güler: Trans Sex Workers' Collective Struggle in Urban Turkey"
691:
Turkey's sex trade entraps Slavic women. New York Times June 27 2005
362:
in relation to the sex trade, according to a report produced by the
720:
Yolda bekleyenin amacı fuhuş mu, kim bilecek? NTVMSNBC July 1 2007
158:
86:
1659:
1252:
909:"Curbing sex trafficking in Turkey: The policy–practice divide"
149:
Other regulations affecting prostitutes in Turkey include the
17:
122:
Prostitution in Turkey is regulated under article 227 of the
661:. International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences (IJCJS)
1141:"The legal regime of prostitution on the Muslim countries"
133:) are legal and licensed under health laws dealing with
600:
The rough guide to Turkey, Rosie
Ayliffe, 2003, page 80
753:
Kamulaştırılan genelevlerde yıkım. Posta Sept 24 2010
680:
US State
Department Human Rights Reports: Turkey 2002
465:"Turkey's Growing Sex Trade Snares Many Slavic Women"
1994:
1956:
1693:
1584:
1544:
1286:
378:
Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons
306:
Prostitutes are registered in 56 brothels operating
161:, brothels have been demolished by court order.
702:Kabahatler Kanunu No 5326. Ministry of Justice
284:Ankara Chamber of Commerce (ATO) report (2004)
1671:
1264:
637:Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Turkey
137:. Women need to be registered and acquire an
8:
1224:"Turkey 2018 Trafficking in Persons Report"
1092:"The Needs and Rights of Trans Sex Workers"
811:Kaya, Omur; Erez, Edna (5 September 2017).
358:Turkey is a top destination for victims of
1678:
1664:
1656:
1271:
1257:
1249:
281:
883:
654:Özaşçılar, Mine; Ziyalar, Neylan (2015).
110:or moved from city centers, according to
621:Passport Law, No. 5682 (Pasaport Kanunu)
422:
314:Prostitutes registered with the police
65:) in the country, these are state run
1200:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1006:
1004:
961:Bayramoğlu, Yener (3 February 2021).
956:
954:
952:
950:
806:
804:
802:
800:
798:
796:
794:
768:
766:
764:
762:
760:
610:Turkish Penal Code (Türk Ceza Kanunu)
508:
506:
504:
502:
500:
498:
7:
596:
594:
592:
556:
554:
552:
513:Wyers, Mark David (23 August 2017),
496:
494:
492:
490:
488:
486:
484:
482:
480:
478:
437:Sussman, Anna Louie (24 July 2024).
432:
430:
428:
426:
1096:Global Network of Sex Work Projects
913:Asian and Pacific Migration Journal
774:Asian and Pacific Migration Journal
738:. 24 September 2010. Archived from
89:, brothels have been demolished by
73:that give them rights to some free
732:"Ankara genelevinde yıkım sürüyor"
14:
1169:"UN highlights human trafficking"
375:United States Department of State
59:secularization of Turkish society
1639:
1630:
1629:
1139:Zaharie, Cristian Giuseppe PhD.
564:Transgender Sex Work And Society
22:
1017:Sexually Transmitted Infections
463:Craig S. Smith (26 June 2005).
288:
135:Sexually transmitted infections
1597:British Indian Ocean Territory
219:There are an estimated 11,656
1:
1066:focaal_admin (27 July 2020).
979:10.1080/01419870.2021.1881141
907:Coşkun, Emel (28 July 2015).
567:. Harrington Park Press Inc.
322:Women waiting to get licenses
1148:Romanian-American University
1029:10.1136/sextrans-2020-054894
639:(in Turkish). Archived from
57:is legal and regulated. The
1206:"Modern Slavery in Türkiye"
784::10.1177/0117196815595326.
521:, BRILL, pp. 278–305,
354:Human trafficking in Turkey
2076:
866:Li, Li (9 February 2009).
351:
337:
329:
321:
313:
305:
297:
267:
1625:
967:Ethnic and Racial Studies
561:Larry, Nuttbrock (2019).
527:10.1163/9789004346253_012
515:"Selling Sex in Istanbul"
298:The number of prostitutes
31:This article needs to be
1346:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
1228:U.S. Department of State
925:10.1177/0117196815595326
829:10.1177/0306624x17726514
707:24 February 2011 at the
1687:Prostitution in Europe
1607:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
439:"The Brothel Next Door"
233:Transgender sex workers
2055:Prostitution in Turkey
1736:Bosnia and Herzegovina
55:Prostitution in Turkey
1280:Prostitution in Asia
742:on 12 September 2012.
268:Further information:
263:
223:in Istanbul, Turkey.
1521:United Arab Emirates
885:10.5539/ass.v4n10p35
872:Asian Social Science
240:Illegal prostitution
227:Transgender sex work
1957:States with limited
1548:limited recognition
1120:. 28 September 2016
397:Police and mobsters
380:ranks Turkey as a '
341:$ 3–4 billion
330:Age of prostitution
286:
270:Sex workers' rights
264:Sex workers' rights
1118:www.al-monitor.com
1072:www.focaalblog.com
469:The New York Times
333:Between 18 and 40
282:
124:Turkish Penal Code
2060:Society of Turkey
2042:
2041:
1653:
1652:
1590:other territories
823:(10): 2954–2981.
574:978-1-939594-40-2
360:human trafficking
345:
344:
52:
51:
2067:
1995:Dependencies and
1694:Sovereign states
1680:
1673:
1666:
1657:
1643:
1633:
1632:
1602:Christmas Island
1288:Sovereign states
1273:
1266:
1259:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1234:on 1 August 2018
1230:. Archived from
1220:
1214:
1213:
1202:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1145:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1110:
1099:
1089:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1008:
999:
998:
973:(9): 1589–1606.
958:
945:
944:
904:
898:
897:
887:
863:
857:
856:
808:
789:
770:
755:
750:
744:
743:
728:
722:
717:
711:
699:
693:
688:
682:
677:
671:
670:
668:
666:
660:
651:
645:
644:
643:on 1 March 2011.
629:
623:
618:
612:
607:
601:
598:
587:
586:
558:
547:
546:
545:
543:
510:
473:
472:
460:
454:
453:
451:
449:
434:
287:
221:male sex workers
193:Foreign sex work
47:
44:
38:
26:
25:
18:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2065:
2064:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2038:
1996:
1990:
1976:Northern Cyprus
1958:
1952:
1868:North Macedonia
1689:
1684:
1654:
1649:
1621:
1589:
1580:
1561:Northern Cyprus
1547:
1540:
1282:
1277:
1247:
1237:
1235:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1204:
1203:
1188:
1178:
1176:
1175:. 26 March 2007
1167:
1166:
1162:
1152:
1150:
1143:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1123:
1121:
1112:
1111:
1102:
1090:
1086:
1076:
1074:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1010:
1009:
1002:
960:
959:
948:
906:
905:
901:
865:
864:
860:
810:
809:
792:
771:
758:
751:
747:
730:
729:
725:
718:
714:
709:Wayback Machine
700:
696:
689:
685:
678:
674:
664:
662:
658:
653:
652:
648:
631:
630:
626:
619:
615:
608:
604:
599:
590:
575:
560:
559:
550:
541:
539:
537:
512:
511:
476:
462:
461:
457:
447:
445:
436:
435:
424:
420:
412:Matild Manukyan
408:
399:
390:
356:
350:
348:Sex trafficking
338:Annual turnover
280:
272:
266:
255:
242:
229:
215:
195:
171:
120:
107:
79:social services
48:
42:
39:
36:
27:
23:
12:
11:
5:
2073:
2071:
2063:
2062:
2057:
2047:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2000:
1998:
1997:other entities
1992:
1991:
1989:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1962:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1950:
1945:
1943:United Kingdom
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1756:Czech Republic
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1697:
1695:
1691:
1690:
1685:
1683:
1682:
1675:
1668:
1660:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1647:
1637:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1593:
1591:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1552:
1550:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1292:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1276:
1275:
1268:
1261:
1253:
1246:
1245:
1215:
1186:
1160:
1131:
1100:
1084:
1058:
1023:(8): 590–595.
1000:
946:
919:(3): 327–352.
899:
858:
790:
780:(3): 327–352.
756:
745:
723:
712:
694:
683:
672:
646:
624:
613:
602:
588:
573:
548:
535:
474:
455:
443:Foreign Policy
421:
419:
416:
415:
414:
407:
404:
398:
395:
389:
386:
349:
346:
343:
342:
339:
335:
334:
331:
327:
326:
323:
319:
318:
315:
311:
310:
307:
303:
302:
299:
295:
294:
291:
279:
276:
265:
262:
254:
251:
245:imprisonment.
241:
238:
228:
225:
213:
194:
191:
170:
167:
119:
116:
112:Foreign Policy
106:
103:
50:
49:
30:
28:
21:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2072:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2009:Faroe Islands
2007:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1993:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1981:South Ossetia
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1955:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1828:Liechtenstein
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1681:
1676:
1674:
1669:
1667:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1636:
1628:
1627:
1624:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1587:
1583:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1571:South Ossetia
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1543:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1274:
1269:
1267:
1262:
1260:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1219:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1174:
1170:
1164:
1161:
1149:
1142:
1135:
1132:
1119:
1115:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1088:
1085:
1073:
1069:
1062:
1059:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1007:
1005:
1001:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
957:
955:
953:
951:
947:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
903:
900:
895:
891:
886:
881:
877:
873:
869:
862:
859:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
807:
805:
803:
801:
799:
797:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
769:
767:
765:
763:
761:
757:
754:
749:
746:
741:
737:
733:
727:
724:
721:
716:
713:
710:
706:
703:
698:
695:
692:
687:
684:
681:
676:
673:
657:
650:
647:
642:
638:
634:
628:
625:
622:
617:
614:
611:
606:
603:
597:
595:
593:
589:
584:
580:
576:
570:
566:
565:
557:
555:
553:
549:
538:
536:9789004346253
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
509:
507:
505:
503:
501:
499:
497:
495:
493:
491:
489:
487:
485:
483:
481:
479:
475:
470:
466:
459:
456:
444:
440:
433:
431:
429:
427:
423:
417:
413:
410:
409:
405:
403:
396:
394:
387:
385:
383:
379:
376:
371:
369:
365:
361:
355:
347:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
289:
285:
277:
275:
271:
261:
259:
252:
250:
246:
239:
237:
234:
226:
224:
222:
217:
216:
214:Male sex work
210:
206:
202:
200:
192:
190:
186:
182:
180:
176:
168:
166:
162:
160:
156:
152:
147:
144:
140:
136:
132:
127:
125:
117:
115:
113:
104:
102:
98:
94:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
46:
34:
29:
20:
19:
16:
1986:Transnistria
1948:Vatican City
1932:
1586:Dependencies
1516:Turkmenistan
1510:
1481:Saudi Arabia
1236:. Retrieved
1232:the original
1227:
1218:
1209:
1177:. Retrieved
1172:
1163:
1151:. Retrieved
1134:
1122:. Retrieved
1117:
1095:
1087:
1075:. Retrieved
1071:
1061:
1020:
1016:
970:
966:
916:
912:
902:
875:
871:
861:
820:
816:
777:
773:
748:
740:the original
735:
726:
715:
697:
686:
675:
663:. Retrieved
649:
641:the original
636:
627:
616:
605:
563:
540:, retrieved
518:
468:
458:
446:. Retrieved
442:
400:
391:
372:
357:
293:Census data
283:
278:Demographics
273:
256:
247:
243:
230:
218:
212:
211:
207:
203:
196:
187:
183:
178:
175:sex industry
172:
163:
148:
130:
128:
121:
118:Legal status
108:
99:
95:
75:medical care
62:
54:
53:
43:January 2023
40:
32:
15:
2024:Isle of Man
1959:recognition
1928:Switzerland
1863:Netherlands
1645:Asia portal
1546:States with
1466:Philippines
1406:South Korea
1401:North Korea
1296:Afghanistan
1124:15 December
1077:15 December
542:15 December
258:Strip clubs
253:Strip clubs
199:visa policy
151:Misdemeanor
91:court order
71:sex workers
2049:Categories
1898:San Marino
1858:Montenegro
1838:Luxembourg
1818:Kazakhstan
1721:Azerbaijan
1526:Uzbekistan
1501:Tajikistan
1416:Kyrgyzstan
1396:Kazakhstan
1316:Bangladesh
1306:Azerbaijan
788:0117-1968.
583:1099881989
418:References
352:See also:
179:genelevler
129:Brothels (
77:and other
63:genelevler
2014:Gibraltar
1833:Lithuania
1612:Hong Kong
1566:Palestine
1491:Sri Lanka
1486:Singapore
1366:Indonesia
1210:Walk Free
1053:232419954
1037:1368-4973
995:234061786
987:0141-9870
941:155469358
933:0117-1968
894:1911-2025
837:0306-624X
368:Walk Free
2034:Svalbard
2019:Guernsey
1966:Abkhazia
1913:Slovenia
1908:Slovakia
1883:Portugal
1741:Bulgaria
1635:Category
1556:Abkhazia
1506:Thailand
1461:Pakistan
1441:Mongolia
1436:Maldives
1431:Malaysia
1331:Cambodia
1238:1 August
1173:BBC News
1045:33782150
853:34764821
845:28874079
705:Archived
406:See also
388:Children
301:100,000
169:Sex work
67:brothels
1938:Ukraine
1888:Romania
1848:Moldova
1806:Ireland
1801:Iceland
1796:Hungary
1786:Germany
1781:Georgia
1771:Finland
1766:Estonia
1761:Denmark
1746:Croatia
1731:Belgium
1726:Belarus
1716:Austria
1711:Armenia
1706:Andorra
1701:Albania
1531:Vietnam
1446:Myanmar
1426:Lebanon
1356:Georgia
1311:Bahrain
1301:Armenia
1153:16 July
1094:(PDF).
665:16 July
448:18 July
325:30,000
317:15,000
143:condoms
139:ID card
131:Genelev
105:History
33:updated
2029:Jersey
1971:Kosovo
1933:Turkey
1923:Sweden
1903:Serbia
1893:Russia
1878:Poland
1873:Norway
1853:Monaco
1823:Latvia
1791:Greece
1776:France
1751:Cyprus
1576:Taiwan
1511:Turkey
1476:Russia
1411:Kuwait
1391:Jordan
1381:Israel
1341:Cyprus
1326:Brunei
1321:Bhutan
1179:22 May
1051:
1043:
1035:
993:
985:
939:
931:
892:
878:(10).
851:
843:
835:
581:
571:
533:
382:Tier 2
309:3,000
155:Ankara
83:Ankara
2004:Åland
1918:Spain
1843:Malta
1813:Italy
1617:Macau
1536:Yemen
1496:Syria
1471:Qatar
1451:Nepal
1386:Japan
1361:India
1351:Egypt
1336:China
1144:(PDF)
1049:S2CID
991:S2CID
937:S2CID
849:S2CID
659:(PDF)
364:UNDOC
159:Bursa
87:Bursa
1456:Oman
1421:Laos
1376:Iraq
1371:Iran
1240:2018
1181:2010
1155:2018
1126:2021
1079:2021
1041:PMID
1033:ISSN
983:ISSN
929:ISSN
890:ISSN
841:PMID
833:ISSN
786:ISSN
667:2018
579:OCLC
569:ISBN
544:2021
531:ISBN
450:2024
373:The
290:Item
173:The
157:and
85:and
1588:and
1025:doi
975:doi
921:doi
880:doi
825:doi
782:doi
736:T24
523:doi
2051::
1226:.
1208:.
1189:^
1171:.
1146:.
1116:.
1103:^
1070:.
1047:.
1039:.
1031:.
1021:97
1019:.
1015:.
1003:^
989:.
981:.
971:44
969:.
965:.
949:^
935:.
927:.
917:24
915:.
911:.
888:.
874:.
870:.
847:.
839:.
831:.
821:62
819:.
815:.
793:^
778:24
776:.
759:^
734:.
591:^
577:.
551:^
529:,
517:,
477:^
467:.
441:.
425:^
1679:e
1672:t
1665:v
1272:e
1265:t
1258:v
1242:.
1212:.
1183:.
1157:.
1128:.
1098:.
1081:.
1055:.
1027::
997:.
977::
943:.
923::
896:.
882::
876:4
855:.
827::
669:.
585:.
525::
471:.
452:.
45:)
41:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.