Tyrosine kinase - Knowledge (XXG)

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are occupied, or activated, by one of these ligands. Although more research indicates that receptors remain active within endosomes, it was once thought that endocytosis caused by ligands was the event responsible for the process in which receptors are inactivated. Activated receptor tyrosine kinase receptors are internalized (recycled back into the system) in short time and are ultimately delivered to lysosomes, where they become work-adjacent to the catabolic acid hydrolases that partake in digestion. Internalized signaling complexes are involved in different roles in different receptor tyrosine kinase systems, the specifics of which were researched. In addition, ligands participate in reversible binding, with inhibitors binding non-covalently (inhibition of different types are effected depending on whether these inhibitors bind the enzyme, the enzyme-substrate complex, or both). Multivalency, which is an attribute that bears particular interest to some people involved in related scientific research, is a phenomenon characterized by the concurrent binding of several ligands positioned on one unit to several coinciding receptors on another. In any case, the binding of the ligand to its partner is apparent owing to the effects that it can have on the functionality of many proteins. Ligand-activated receptor tyrosine kinases, as they are sometimes referred to, demonstrate a unique attribute. Once a tyrosine receptor kinase is bonded to its ligand, it is able to bind to tyrosine kinase residing in the cytosol of the cell.

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epidermal growth factor receptor showed a rapid response to the inhibitor, as demonstrated by the improvement of the cancer symptoms. In each group, improvements were noted after a single week of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment. Gefitinib application once per day caused “rapid” symptom improvement and tumor regressions in non-small cell lung cancer patients. In the field of medical research, this is an especially significant example of the use of an inhibitor to treat tyrosine kinase-associated cancer. Chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy were the only major options available prior to the discoveries made in this trial. The side-effects of Gefitinib oral treatment once per day were considered significant. Diarrhea was reported in 57% of patients in the 250 mg group and in 75% of the 500 mg group. One patient had diarrhea more severe than Grade 2, with up to six bowel movements in only one day. Also, a death occurred possibly due to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment; however, the correlation is not exactly clear. In addition, skin toxicity was observed in 62% of patients in the 250 mg group. Nevertheless, the side-effects of Gefitinib were only “generally mild, manageable, noncumulative, and reversible.” Unfortunately, ceasing to take the inhibitor may be the only reversal strategy of the unfavorable symptoms. Gefitinib still represents a reasonably safe and effective treatment compared to other cancer therapies.

877:, inducing favorable outcomes in patients with non-small cell lung cancers. A common, widespread cancer, non-small cell lung cancer is the cause of death in more people than breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer together. This is strong motivation to perform research on tyrosine kinase inhibitors as potential targets in cancer treatment. Gefitinib, functioning as an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, improved symptoms related to non-small cell lung cancer and resulted in radiographic tumor regressions. This is an example of the efficacy of such an inhibitor. The process of inhibition shows how the cancer sustains. Mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor activate signalling pathways that promote cell survival. Non-small cell lung cancer cells become dependent on these survival signals. Gefitinib's inhibition of the survival signals may be a contributing factor to its efficacy as a drug for non-small cell cancer treatment. 845:

This is evidenced by the observation that cells affected by the Rous sarcoma virus display obvious structural modifications and a total lack of normal cell growth regulation. Rous sarcoma virus-encoded oncoproteins are protein tyrosine kinases that are the cause of, and are required for, this cellular transformation. Tyrosine phosphorylation activity also increases or decreases in conjunction with changes in cell composition and growth regulation. In this way, a certain transformation exhibited by cells is dependent on a role that tyrosine kinase demonstrates. Protein tyrosine kinases, have a major role in the activation of

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kinase inhibitor STI571 was found to significantly reduce the physical size of tumors; they decreased roughly 65% in size in 4 months of trialing, and continued to diminish. New lesions did not appear, and a number of the liver metastases completely reduced to non-existence. The single patient in the study remained healthy following treatment. There are no effective means of treatment for advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors, but that STI571 represents an effective treatment in early stage cancer associated with constitutively active c-kit, by inhibiting unfavourable tyrosine kinase activity.

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related to local inflammation such as atherosclerosis and psoriasis, or systemic inflammation such as sepsis and septic shock. A number of viruses target tyrosine kinase function during infection. The polyoma virus affects tyrosine kinase activity inside the nuclear matrix. Fibroblasts are cells involved in wound healing and cell structure formation in mammalian cells. When these cells are transformed by the polyoma virus, higher tyrosine activity is observed in the cellular matrix, which is also correlated to cellular proliferation. Another virus that targets tyrosine kinase is the

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can be contained in the nucleus of differentiating, calcium-provoked kertinocytes. Lyn, in the nuclear matrix, among the nuclear envelope and the “fibrous web” that physically stabilizes DNA, was found functioning in association with the matrix. Also, it appeared to be conditional to cell cycle. The contribution of the Lyn protein to the total tyrosine kinase activity within the nuclear matrix is unknown, however; because the Lyn was extracted only partially, an accurate measurement of its activity could not be managed. Indications, as such, are that, according to Vegesna

841:, a retrovirus that causes sarcoma in chickens. Infected cells display obvious structure modifications and cell growth regulation that is extremely unusual. Protein tyrosine kinases that are encoded by the Rous sarcoma virus cause cellular transformation, and are termed oncoproteins. In addition, tyrosine kinase can sometimes function incorrectly in such a way that leads to non-small cell lung cancer. A common, widespread cancer, non-small cell lung cancer is the cause of death in more people than the total number in breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer together. 503:

kinases mediate some gene responses and more. The process is also responsible for mediating the production of blood cells. In this case, erythropoietin binds to the corresponding plasma membrane receptor, dimerizing the receptor. The dimer is responsible for activating the kinase JAK via binding. Tyrosine residues located in the cytoplasmic domain of the erythropoietin receptor are consequently phosphorylated by the activated protein kinase JAK. Overall, this is also how a receptor tyrosine kinase might be activated by a ligand to regulate erythrocyte formation.

944:(imatinib) is effective in the treatment of patients with metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors consist of a cluster of mesenchymal neoplasms that are formed from precursors to cells that make up the connective-tissue in the gastrointestinal tract. Most of these tumors are found in the stomach, though they can also be located in the small intestine or elsewhere in the intestinal tract. The cells of these tumors have a growth factor receptor associated with tyrosine kinase activity. This growth factor receptor is called 419:. Src family tyrosine kinases are closely related but demonstrate a wide variety of functionality. Roles or expressions of Src family tyrosine kinases vary significantly according to cell type, as well as during cell growth and differentiation. Lyn and Src family tyrosine kinases in general have been known to function in signal transduction pathways. There is evidence that Lyn is localized at the cell membrane; Lyn is associated both physically and functionally with a variety of receptor molecules. 498:, is erythropoietin in this case. (Cytokines are key regulators of hematopoietic cell proliferation and differentiation.) Erythropoietin's activity is initiated when hematopoietic cytokine receptors become activated. In erythrocyte regulation, erythropoietin is a protein containing 165 amino acids that plays a role in activating the cytoplasmic protein kinase JAK. The results of some newer research have also indicated that the aforementioned cytokine receptors function with members of the 730:, metabolism, adhesion, motility, and death. RTKs are composed of an extracellular domain, which is able to bind a specific ligand, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular catalytic domain, which is able to bind and phosphorylate selected substrates. Binding of a ligand to the extracellular region causes a series of structural rearrangements in the RTK that lead to its enzymatic activation. In particular, movement of some parts of the kinase domain gives free access to 40: 589: 561: 473:(2009), relies heavily on interactions, for example, mediated by the SH2 protein domain; it has been determined via experimentation that the SH2 protein domain selectivity is functional in mediating cellular processes involving tyrosine kinase. Receptor tyrosine kinases may, by this method, influence growth factor receptor signaling. This is one of the more fundamental cellular communication functions metazoans. 575: 966: 8049: 326: 952:). Mutation of c-kit causes the constitutive activity of tyrosine kinase, which results in cancerous gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Results of c-kit mutation include unrestricted tyrosine kinase activity and cell proliferation, unregulated phosphorylation of c-kit, and disruption of some communication pathways. Therapy with 836:

Tyrosine kinase activity is also significantly involved in other events that are sometimes considered highly unfavorable. For instance, enhanced activity of the enzyme has been implicated in the derangement of the function of certain systems, such as cell division. Also included are numerous diseases

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domain usually comprising 6 alpha helices (helices D, E, F, G, H, and I). Two loops in the center of the kinase domain control catalysis. The catalytic loop contains the HRD motif (usually with sequence His-Arg-Asp). The aspartic acid of this motif forms a hydrogen bond with the substrate OH group on

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Major changes are sometimes induced when the tyrosine kinase enzyme is affected by other factors. One of the factors is a molecule that is bound reversibly by a protein, called a ligand. A number of receptor tyrosine kinases, though certainly not all, do not perform protein-kinase activity until they

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Blanke CD, Demetri GD, von Mehren M, Heinrich MC, Eisenberg B, Fletcher JA, et al. (February 2008). "Long-term results from a randomized phase II trial of standard- versus higher-dose imatinib mesylate for patients with unresectable or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors expressing KIT".

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family. The cytokine receptors activate the JAK kinases. This then results in the phosphorylation of several signaling proteins located in the cell membrane. This subsequently affects both the stimulation of ligand-mediated receptors and intracellular signaling pathway activation. Substrates for JAK

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BCR-ABL is a constitutively activated tyrosine kinase that is associated with chronic myeloid leukemia. It is formed from a fusion gene when pieces of chromosomes 9 and 22 break off and trade places. The ABL gene from chromosome 9 joins to the BCR gene on chromosome 22, to form the BCR-ABL fusion

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Cellular proliferation, as explained in some detail above, may rely in some part on tyrosine kinase. Tyrosine kinase function has been observed in the nuclear matrix. Lyn, the type of kinase that was the first to be discovered in the nuclear matrix, is part of Src family of tyrosine kinases, which

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A tyrosine kinase can become an unregulated enzyme within an organism due to influences discussed, such as mutations and more. This behavior causes havoc; essential processes become disorganized. Systems on which the organism relies malfunction, resulting often in cancers. Preventing this type of

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Research has shown that protein phosphorylation occurs on residues of tyrosine by both transmembrane receptor- and membrane-associated protein tyrosine kinases in normal cells. Phosphorylation plays a significant role in cellular signalling that regulates the number and variety of growth factors.

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can inhibit the non-normal cell signaling mechanisms in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. This results in significant responses in patients and sustained disease control. By 2001 it was no longer doubted that this inhibitor can be effective and safe in humans. In similar manner, protein tyrosine

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Gefitinib is well endured by humans, and treatment resulted in a symptom improvement rate of 43% (with 95% confidence in a 33%–53% interval) for patients that received 250 mg of Gefitinib and 35% (with 95% confidence in a 26%–45% interval) for those that received 500 mg. In the trial,

449:, also referred to as focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is likely at hand in the influence of cellular focal adhesions, as indicated by an immunofluorescent localization of FAK. Focal adhesions are macromolecular structures that function in the transmission of mechanical force and regulatory signals. 381:

Tyrosine kinases function in a variety of processes, pathways, and actions, and are responsible for key events in the body. The receptor tyrosine kinases function in transmembrane signaling, whereas tyrosine kinases within the cell function in signal transduction to the nucleus. Tyrosine kinase

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Kinase is a large family of enzymes that are responsible for catalyzing the transfer of a phosphoryl group from a nucleoside triphosphate donor, such as ATP, to an acceptor molecule. Tyrosine kinases catalyze the phosphorylation of tyrosine residues in proteins. The phosphorylation of tyrosine

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are molecules that function in signaling by regulating the effects of insulin. Many receptor enzymes have closely related structure and receptor tyrosine kinase activity, and it has been determined that the foundational or prototypical receptor enzyme is insulin. Insulin receptor substrates

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in a cell; proteins in the cytosol and proteins in the nucleus are phosphorylated at tyrosine residues during this process. Cellular growth and reproduction may rely to some degree on tyrosine kinase. Tyrosine kinase function has been observed in the

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To reduce enzyme activity, inhibitor molecules bind to enzymes. Reducing enzyme activity can disable a pathogen or correct an incorrectly function system; as such, many enzyme inhibitors are developed to be used as drugs by the general public.

554:. This variety of function may be a means to create ligand-specific signals. This supports the notion that trafficking, a term for the modification of proteins subsequent to mRNA translation, may be vital to the function of receptor signaling. 627:

Tyr during catalysis. The other loop is the activation loop, whose position and conformation determine in part whether the kinase is active or inactive. The activation loop begins with the DFG motif (usually with sequence Asp-Phe-Gly).

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are involved with protein tyrosine kinase. Signals in the surroundings received by receptors in the membranes of cells are transmitted into the cell cytoplasm. Transmembrane signaling due to receptor tyrosine kinases, according to Bae

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July 12, 2013 FDA approved afatinib "multiple receptor, irreversible TKI" for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumors have epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation

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Phosphorylation at tyrosine residues controls a wide range of properties in proteins such as enzyme activity, subcellular localization, and interaction between molecules. Furthermore, tyrosine kinases function in many

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The transmission of mechanical force and regulatory signals are quite fundamental in the normal survival of a living organism. Protein tyrosine kinase plays a role in this task, too. A protein tyrosine kinase called

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Protein kinases can become mutated, stuck in the "on" position, and cause unregulated growth of the cell, which is a necessary step for the development of cancer. Therefore, kinase inhibitors, such as

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circumstance is highly desirable. Much research has already noted the significant effect that inhibitors of the radically functioning protein tyrosine kinase enzymes have on related ailments. (See

676:). Including these four genes, there are 82 human genes that contain a catalytically active tyrosine kinase domain They are divided into two classes, receptor and non-receptor tyrosine kinases. 341:

in a protein substrate side-chain, resulting in a conformational change affecting protein function. The enzymes fall into two broad classes, characterised with respect to substrate specificity:

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Yet another possible and probable role of protein tyrosine kinase is that in the event of circulatory failure and organ dysfunction caused by endotoxin in rats, where the effects of inhibitors

441:. It has also been demonstrated that phosphorylation of a middle-T antigen on tyrosine is also associated with cell transformation, a change that is similar to cellular growth or reproduction. 5115: 2617:"Nilotinib (formerly AMN107), a highly selective BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is active in patients with imatinib-resistant or -intolerant accelerated-phase chronic myelogenous leukemia" 3653: 3648: 694:(RTKs) were known, grouped into 20 subfamilies. Eight of these membrane proteins which contain tyrosine protein kinase domains are actually pseudokinases, without catalytic activity ( 531:

each have unique characteristic tissue function and distribution that serves to enhance signaling capabilities in pathways that are initiated by receptor tyrosine kinases. Activated

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system, as such, has been used as an intermediate example. Some signals are produced from the actual cell surface in this case but other signals seem to emanate from within the

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Silvennoinen O, Saharinen P, Paukku K, Takaluoma K, Kovanen P (July 1997). "Cytokine receptor signal transduction through Jak tyrosine kinases and Stat transcription factors".

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Gunby RH, Sala E, Tartari CJ, Puttini M, Gambacorti-Passerini C, Mologni L (November 2007). "Oncogenic fusion tyrosine kinases as molecular targets for anti-cancer therapy".

799:) genes. SRC family members have been found to regulate many cellular processes. For example, the T-cell antigen receptor leads to intracellular signalling by activation of 3768: 3746: 457:(1996), Lyn polypeptides are associated with tyrosine kinase activity in the nuclear matrix. The extracted Lyn was enzymatically active, offering support for this notion. 2264:"Efficacy of gefitinib, an inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase, in symptomatic patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a randomized trial" 742:

of intracellular proteins that ultimately transmit ("transduce") the extracellular signal to the nucleus, causing changes in gene expression. Many RTKs are involved in

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will bind to phosphate-tyrosine residues under the influence of receptor protein kinases. This mechanism is an ordinary one that provokes protein-protein interactions.

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There are 90 human genes that contain a total of 94 protein tyrosine kinase domains (PTKs). Four genes contain both a catalytically active kinase domain and a

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is regulated. Mammals possess this system, which begins in the kidneys where the developmental signal is manufactured. The developmental signal, also called a

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gene. Tyrosine kinase activity is crucial for the transformation of BCR-ABL. Therefore, inhibiting it improves cancer symptoms. Among currently available

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can cause some tyrosine kinases to become constitutively active, a nonstop functional state that may contribute to initiation or progression of cancer.

2668:"Phosphorylated epidermal growth factor receptor on tumor-associated endothelial cells is a primary target for therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors" 6469: 3569: 96: 7331: 7021: 4547: 3736: 1392: 342: 284: 6626: 3973: 2306:

Sordella R, Bell DW, Haber DA, Settleman J (August 2004). "Gefitinib-sensitizing EGFR mutations in lung cancer activate anti-apoptotic pathways".

1075: 1104:(EGFR), and can be used to treat lung and pancreatic cancer where there is often over-expression of this cell-surface receptor tyrosine kinase. 5611: 5294: 4288: 849:. In addition, they are functional in mediating communication pathways in cell types such as adrenal chromaffin, platelets, and neural cells. 8009: 7959: 7930: 7877: 6364: 6231: 3930: 3375: 2221: 1670: 120: 7688: 7684: 7680: 7676: 5229: 5213: 3958: 1717:"Association of Lyn tyrosine kinase with the nuclear matrix and cell-cycle-dependent changes in matrix-associated tyrosine kinase activity" 1083: 1585:

Hanks SK, Quinn AM, Hunter T (July 1988). "The protein kinase family: conserved features and deduced phylogeny of the catalytic domains".

5957: 5876: 5743: 5660: 4326: 4317: 4017: 4012: 4007: 4002: 1480: 888:, which is the production of a new tumor. By 2010 Two monoclonal antibodies and another small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor called 719: 437:

possess higher tyrosine activity in the cellular matrix. Furthermore, tyrosine kinase activity has been determined to be correlated to

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Additional instances of factor-influenced protein tyrosine kinase activity, similar to this one, exist. An adapter protein such as

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Tyrosine Kinases on KinCore: the Kinase Conformation Resource: A web resource for protein kinase sequence, structure and phylogeny

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Furthermore, to illustrate an extra circumstance, insulin-associated factors have been determined to influence tyrosine kinase.

7883: 937: 726:). Receptor tyrosine kinases play pivotal roles in diverse cellular activities including growth (by signaling neurotrophins), 7970: 7946: 7086: 6642: 6505: 3828: 1016: 791:, the Rous sarcoma virus mentioned above, was found to carry mutated versions of the normal cellular Src gene. The mutated v- 4980: 240: 333:

Protein kinases are a group of enzymes that possess a catalytic subunit that transfers the gamma (terminal) phosphate from

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García-Gutiérrez, Valentin; Breccia, Massimo; Jabbour, Elias; Mauro, Michael; Cortes, Jorge E. (11 July 2022).

820: 765: 735: 727: 685: 5491: 2522:"Effect of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571 in a patient with a metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor" 228: 2520:

Joensuu H, Roberts PJ, Sarlomo-Rikala M, Andersson LC, Tervahartiala P, Tuveson D, et al. (April 2001).

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gene has lost the normal built-in inhibition of enzyme activity that is characteristic of cellular SRC (c-

731: 594: 265: 8015: 6212: 5856: 5496: 5135: 4898: 4817: 4542: 4226: 3410: 3365: 3067: 3052: 2988: 2968: 2866: 2403:"Efficacy and safety of a specific inhibitor of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase in chronic myeloid leukemia" 1184: 788: 607: 4970: 224: 2851: 101: 7955: 7341: 6273: 6222: 3324: 3319: 3199: 3062: 3042: 2951: 2362:"Epidermal growth factor receptor in relation to tumor development: EGFR-targeted anticancer therapy" 2315: 1832: 1594: 1108: 865:

Cancer's response to an inhibitor of tyrosine kinase was assessed in a clinical trial. In this case,

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Tyrosine kinases are particularly important today because of their implications in the treatment of

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mediates the response to epidermal growth factor receptor kinase inhibitors. Paracrine activates

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le Coutre P, Ottmann OG, Giles F, Kim DW, Cortes J, Gattermann N, et al. (February 2008).

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residues in turn causes a change in the function of the protein that they are contained in.

6343: 4182: 2783: 2460:"A clinician perspective on the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia in the chronic phase" 1440: 207: 7431: 4960: 4944: 4857: 4523: 4192: 4177: 4167: 4162: 4142: 4137: 4132: 4127: 4122: 4113: 3533: 3504: 3130: 3037: 3022: 2262:

Kris MG, Natale RB, Herbst RS, Lynch TJ, Prager D, Belani CP, et al. (October 2003).

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of proteins by kinases is an important mechanism for communicating signals within a cell (

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Druker BJ, Talpaz M, Resta DJ, Peng B, Buchdunger E, Ford JM, et al. (April 2001).

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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

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that affect the gastrointestinal tract. Treatment options have been limited. However

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An example of this trigger-system in action is the process by which the formation of

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is the inhibitor of tyrosine kinase. Incorrect tyrosine kinase function can lead to

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the signal created by insulin. The insulin receptor system, in contrast, appears to

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Kuwai T, Nakamura T, Sasaki T, Kim SJ, Fan D, Villares GJ, et al. (May 2008).

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inside a cell. It functions as an "on" or "off" switch in many cellular functions.

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Schaller MD, Borgman CA, Cobb BS, Vines RR, Reynolds AB, Parsons JT (June 1992).

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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

2074:"Defining a new nomenclature for the structures of active and inactive kinases" 1825:

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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and a “fibrous web” that serves to physically stabilize DNA. To be specific,

7829: 7799: 7794: 7789: 7784: 7779: 7759: 7749: 7739: 7729: 7421: 7381: 7277: 7252: 7011: 7006: 7001: 6991: 6986: 6981: 6971: 6892: 6830: 6764: 6744: 6739: 6734: 6719: 6714: 6704: 6699: 6593: 6568: 6333: 6253: 6172: 6117: 6007: 5946: 5936: 5841: 5728: 5526: 5521: 5511: 5419: 5409: 5394: 5369: 5364: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5050: 5024: 3694: 3607: 3144: 2910: 2327: 2090: 1845: 1606: 1130: 1122: 1097: 1093: 1067: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 926: 922: 918: 914: 889: 866: 580: 465: 400: 367: 261: 2752: 2701: 2652: 2598: 2547: 2495: 2429: 2387: 2335: 2289: 2175: 2140: 2109: 2010: 1992: 1953: 1928:"Regulation of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling by endocytic trafficking" 1903: 1778: 2050: 1864: 1796: 1742: 1614: 644:, the crystal structure of the tyrosine kinase domain of the human 129: 8000: 7719: 7376: 6976: 6966: 6946: 6881: 6850: 6819: 6783: 6689: 6679: 6026: 5506: 5449: 5359: 5319: 4494: 3901: 3541: 3121: 1880:"Receptor tyrosine kinase signaling: a view from quantitative proteomics" 1024: 953: 910: 830: 780: 566: 551: 495: 430: 415:

family that was identified in the nuclear matrix, appears to control the

303: 269: 84: 2643: 768: 7975: 7396: 6861: 6263: 5224: 3492: 3477: 3093: 2845: 2835: 2824: 2814: 2803: 2793: 630:

There are over 1800 3D structures of tyrosine kinases available in the

391: 273: 113: 108: 2683: 884:

Furthermore, epidermal growth factor receptor plays a crucial role in

640: 382:

activity in the nucleus involves cell-cycle control and properties of

7888: 7552: 7441: 7366: 7071: 7066: 6490: 6485: 6439: 6435: 6431: 6427: 6423: 6419: 6415: 6067: 5606: 5284: 5063: 4833: 4783: 4046: 3982: 3977: 3470: 2905: 1895: 1524: 1436: 1432: 1232: 941: 826: 747: 695: 433:

and is involved in wound healing – that have been transformed by the

257: 235: 2125:"Role of protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors in cancer therapeutics" 1879: 362:

cascades wherein extracellular signals are transmitted through the

7920: 7916: 7912: 7908: 7904: 7900: 7896: 7892: 7607: 7506: 7181: 7121: 6935: 6658: 6654: 6650: 6646: 6137: 6001: 5920: 5916: 5815: 5811: 5807: 5803: 5712: 5708: 5559: 5037: 4571: 4449: 4414: 4409: 4385: 4187: 4172: 4157: 4152: 4147: 4099: 4094: 4070: 4065: 4056: 3968: 3963: 3940: 3911: 3906: 3487: 3482: 3334: 1565: 1544: 1536: 1508: 1492: 1452: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1408: 1400: 1396: 1380: 1376: 1364: 1340: 1336: 1324: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1180: 1027:, as an inhibitor to the malfunctioning enzyme, can be effective. 945: 723: 703: 699: 532: 375: 324: 51: 3644:

CDP-diacylglycerol—glycerol-3-phosphate 3-phosphatidyltransferase

7391: 5997: 5993: 5989: 5985: 5981: 5977: 5912: 5908: 5904: 5900: 5896: 5799: 5795: 5787: 5783: 5779: 5775: 5771: 5767: 5763: 5704: 5700: 5696: 5692: 5688: 5684: 5680: 5632: 5628: 5624: 5590: 5555: 5536: 4689: 4619: 4566: 4557: 4518: 4509: 4499: 4380: 4371: 4361: 4307: 4298: 4283: 4274: 4264: 4259: 4235: 4036: 3888: 3398: 3393: 3289: 3284: 2983: 2978: 2973: 1540: 1532: 1520: 1512: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1460: 1456: 1448: 1444: 1416: 1368: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1332: 1316: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1188: 1156: 1148: 715: 711: 707: 673: 669: 665: 661: 524: 512: 446: 386:. In this way, in fact, tyrosine kinase activity is involved in 197: 72: 5097: 4806: 4470: 3864: 3817: 2855: 4720: 4715: 4710: 4684: 1496: 1388: 1372: 1328: 1320: 1312: 959: 783:

protein. Most animal cells contain one or more members of the

764:

In humans, there are 32 cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinases (

738:

to the active site. This triggers a cascade of events through

408: 279:

Tyrosine kinases belong to a larger class of enzymes known as

2830:

Overview of all the structural information available in the

2809:

Overview of all the structural information available in the

2788:

Overview of all the structural information available in the

873:. Gefitinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets the 4802: 774:

The first non-receptor tyrosine kinase identified was the

283:

which also attach phosphates to other amino acids such as

345:, and tyrosine-specific (the subject of this article). 7991:

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP)

1129:

tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is effective both as a

8037: 3654:

CDP-diacylglycerol—inositol 3-phosphatidyltransferase

1975:

Rinker S, Ke Y, Liu Y, Chhabra R, Yan H (July 2008).

1878:

Dengjel J, Kratchmarova I, Blagoev B (October 2009).

3659:

CDP-diacylglycerol—choline O-phosphatidyltransferase

1070:

is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor that acts upon

7858: 7645: 7540: 7309: 7049: 7040: 7020: 6934: 6911: 6880: 6849: 6818: 6782: 6773: 6625: 6468: 6401: 6363: 6230: 6221: 6039: 6016: 5956: 5875: 5742: 5659: 5650: 5589: 5535: 5448: 5252: 5243: 5212: 5134: 4989: 4953: 4922: 4891: 4840: 4768: 4729: 4698: 4667: 4633: 4604: 4580: 4556: 4532: 4508: 4484: 4442: 4423: 4394: 4370: 4354: 4335: 4316: 4297: 4273: 4249: 4225: 4201: 4112: 4079: 4055: 4026: 3992: 3949: 3920: 3887: 3878: 3778: 3756: 3731: 3706: 3687: 3667: 3649:

CDP-diacylglycerol—serine O-phosphatidyltransferase

3636: 3626: 3596: 3578: 3555: 3527: 3426: 3266: 3257: 3234: 3194: 3139: 3116: 3088: 2922: 2898: 2024: 2022: 2020: 234: 214: 196: 191: 175: 163: 151: 139: 119: 107: 95: 83: 71: 63: 58: 32: 7937:Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI; PGI, PHI, AMF) 6795:Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) 6448:Cleavage products/derivatives with unknown target: 2191:"How a Chicken Helped Solve the Mystery of Cancer" 2123:Bhise SB, Nalawade AD, Wadhawa H (December 2004). 1035:If imatinib does not work, patients with advanced 374:, where gene expression may be modified. Finally 2610: 2608: 1656: 1654: 1652: 1650: 1648: 1646: 1644: 7971:Macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP; HLP, HGFLP) 2301: 2299: 1642: 1640: 1638: 1636: 1634: 1632: 1630: 1628: 1626: 1624: 807:, two proteins that are structurally similar to 5612:Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) 5295:Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) 2515: 2513: 2511: 2509: 2507: 2505: 2355: 2353: 2129:Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics 1814: 1812: 1810: 1808: 1806: 1145:Human proteins containing this domain include: 1756: 1754: 1752: 1715:Radha V, Nambirajan S, Swarup G (March 1996). 8023:Additional growth factor receptor modulators: 5109: 4818: 3829: 2867: 2561: 2559: 2557: 2257: 2255: 2253: 1710: 1708: 1706: 1704: 1702: 660:(a kinase domain with no catalytic activity: 8: 6377:Insulin-like growth factor-2 (somatomedin A) 6259:Insulin-like growth factor-2 (somatomedin A) 6249:Insulin-like growth factor-1 (somatomedin C) 2251: 2249: 2247: 2245: 2243: 2241: 2239: 2237: 2235: 2233: 1921: 1919: 1917: 1915: 1913: 1700: 1698: 1696: 1694: 1692: 1690: 1688: 1686: 1684: 1682: 295:) and regulating cellular activity, such as 3675:N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase 3565:UTP—glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase 1761:Ruetten H, Thiemermann C (September 1997). 1072:vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 606:Protein tyrosine kinase proteins contain a 7046: 6779: 6227: 5656: 5249: 5116: 5102: 5094: 4825: 4811: 4803: 4481: 4467: 3884: 3875: 3861: 3836: 3822: 3814: 3703: 3633: 3263: 3254: 2919: 2874: 2860: 2852: 1031:Chronic myelogenous leukemia and nilotinib 188: 38: 3769:serine/threonine-specific protein kinases 3747:serine/threonine-specific protein kinases 3570:Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase 2742: 2732: 2691: 2642: 2632: 2580: 2537: 2485: 2475: 2377: 2279: 2156:Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 2099: 2089: 2000: 1943: 1854: 1844: 1786: 1732: 892:had also been developed to treat cancer. 313:Most tyrosine kinases have an associated 310:, are often effective cancer treatments. 7981:Migration-stimulating factor (MSF; PRG4) 2193:. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center 1665:(fifth ed.). W H Freeman & Co. 1107:Kinase inhibitors can also be mediated. 8044: 5310:Transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα) 2189:Tontonoz, Matthew (December 27, 2017). 1577: 1076:platelet-derived growth factor receptor 556: 7884:Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) 2844:(Tyrosine-protein kinase JAK2) at the 2823:(Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1) at the 1100:inhibit the tyrosine kinase domain of 425:– a type of cell that synthesizes the 29: 7947:Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) 2802:(Tyrosine-protein kinase HCK) at the 1663:Lehninger: Principles of Biochemistry 948:and is produced by a proto-oncogene ( 543:the efficacy of endosomal signaling. 317:, which removes the phosphate group. 7: 2715:Rivera-Torres J, San José E (2019). 2464:Journal of Hematology & Oncology 1084:colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor 2526:The New England Journal of Medicine 2410:The New England Journal of Medicine 1926:Wiley HS, Burke PM (January 2001). 2072:Modi V, Dunbrack RL (April 2019). 2043:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1997.tb05047.x 1561:Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitors 329:Diagram of the activation process. 25: 3080:Glucose-1,6-bisphosphate synthase 1945:10.1034/j.1600-0854.2001.020103.x 1057:Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor 8047: 7966:Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) 3221:Ribose-phosphate diphosphokinase 2770:Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource 2379:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07449.x 1734:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.00352.x 1721:European Journal of Biochemistry 1113:epidermal growth factor receptor 1102:epidermal growth factor receptor 964: 875:epidermal growth factor receptor 587: 573: 559: 548:epidermal growth factor receptor 7134:Negative allosteric modulators: 1767:British Journal of Pharmacology 1017:Gastrointestinal stromal tumors 938:Gastrointestinal stromal tumors 933:Gastrointestinal stromal tumors 7452:Gossypetin (3,5,7,8,3',4'-HHF) 6643:Platelet-derived growth factor 787:family of tyrosine kinases. A 1: 7658:Placental growth factor (PGF) 4473:Non-receptor tyrosine kinases 3794:Protein-histidine tele-kinase 3789:Protein-histidine pros-kinase 3668:Glycosyl-1-phosphotransferase 192:Available protein structures: 7942:Glia maturation factor (GMF) 6451:Glypromate (GPE, (1-3)IGF-1) 3500:RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 2634:10.1182/blood-2007-04-083196 2569:Journal of Clinical Oncology 1135:chronic myelogenous leukemia 1037:chronic myelogenous leukemia 760:Non-receptor tyrosine kinase 315:protein tyrosine phosphatase 3407:RNA-directed DNA polymerase 3275:DNA-directed DNA polymerase 2539:10.1056/NEJM200104053441404 2422:10.1056/NEJM200104053441401 520:Insulin receptor substrates 337:(often ATP) to one or more 8091: 7874:Colony-stimulating factors 7866:Additional growth factors: 3760:: protein-dual-specificity 2477:10.1186/s13045-022-01309-0 2360:Okamoto I (January 2010). 2168:10.2174/187152007784111340 1000: 871:non-small cell lung cancer 861:Non-small cell lung cancer 818: 757: 683: 622:called the C-helix, and a 411:, a type of kinase in the 399:, which comprises not the 7222:SNA-120 (pegylated K252a) 6394:(against IGF-1 and IGF-2) 6356:(against IGF-1 and IGF-2) 4981:Michaelis–Menten kinetics 4480: 4466: 3874: 3867:Receptor tyrosine kinases 3860: 2784:The Tyrosine Kinase group 2721:Frontiers in Pharmacology 1661:Cox M, Nelson DR (2008). 1119:of the tumor to do this. 1080:stem cell factor receptor 1003:Tyrosine kinase inhibitor 973:This section needs to be 855:Tyrosine-kinase inhibitor 692:receptor tyrosine kinases 343:serine/threonine-specific 187: 37: 6058:Hepatocyte growth factor 5617:Neuregulins (heregulins) 5548:Neuregulins (heregulins) 5492:Trastuzumab duocarmazine 5205:(against angiopoietin 2) 5199:(against angiopoietin 3) 4873:Diffusion-limited enzyme 3737:protein-serine/threonine 3637:Phosphatidyltransferases 3226:Thiamine diphosphokinase 2734:10.3389/fphar.2019.01011 2591:10.1200/JCO.2007.13.4403 2281:10.1001/jama.290.16.2149 900:Chronic myeloid leukemia 821:Protein kinase inhibitor 754:Cytoplasmic/non-receptor 686:Receptor tyrosine kinase 335:nucleoside triphosphates 5405:Depatuxizumab mafodotin 3880:Growth factor receptors 2328:10.1126/science.1101637 2091:10.1073/pnas.1814279116 1846:10.1073/pnas.89.11.5192 1607:10.1126/science.3291115 610:, which consists of an 439:cellular transformation 33:Protein tyrosine kinase 18:Protein tyrosine kinase 8028:(neurotrophin mixture) 8016:Wnt signaling proteins 7697:Allosteric modulators: 7417:Norwogonin (5,7,8-THF) 5637:5 (tomoregulin, TMEFF) 5487:Trastuzumab deruxtecan 5125:Growth factor receptor 3557:Nucleotidyltransferase 3240:nucleotidyltransferase 3167:Nucleoside-diphosphate 1993:10.1038/nnano.2008.164 1779:10.1038/sj.bjp.0701345 732:adenosine triphosphate 390:, or the induction of 330: 7956:T-cell growth factors 6213:Telisotuzumab vedotin 5497:Trastuzumab emtansine 4966:Eadie–Hofstee diagram 4899:Allosteric regulation 3411:Reverse transcriptase 2214:The Biology of Cancer 1981:Nature Nanotechnology 815:Clinical significance 789:chicken sarcoma virus 758:Further information: 684:Further information: 608:Protein kinase domain 384:transcription factors 328: 272:residues of specific 6541:EVT-901 (SAR-127963) 6274:Mecasermin rinfabate 4976:Lineweaver–Burk plot 3951:PDGF receptor family 3200:diphosphotransferase 3182:Thiamine-diphosphate 2889:-containing groups ( 2212:Weinberg RA (2007). 1884:Molecular BioSystems 1109:Paracrine signalling 427:extracellular matrix 285:serine and threonine 260:that can transfer a 4355:ROS receptor family 3889:EGF receptor family 3782:: protein-histidine 3700:; protein acceptor) 3588:mRNA capping enzyme 3580:Guanylyltransferase 2320:2004Sci...305.1163S 2314:(5687): 1163–1167. 1837:1992PNAS...89.5192S 1599:1988Sci...241...42H 1133:and as therapy for 658:pseudokinase domain 500:JAK tyrosine kinase 360:signal transduction 339:amino acid residues 293:signal transduction 7707:Kinase inhibitors: 7570:Kinase inhibitors: 7469:Kinase inhibitors: 7144:Kinase inhibitors: 6959:Kinase inhibitors: 6919:Kinase inhibitors: 6900:Kinase inhibitors: 6869:Kinase inhibitors: 6838:Kinase inhibitors: 6807:Kinase inhibitors: 6667:Kinase inhibitors: 6281:Kinase inhibitors: 6075:Kinase inhibitors: 5864:Kinase inhibitors: 5857:Aprutumab ixadotin 5504:Kinase inhibitors: 5317:Kinase inhibitors: 5174:Kinase inhibitors: 4935:Enzyme superfamily 4868:Enzyme promiscuity 3058:Phosphoinositide 3 2902:phosphotransferase 1021:mesenchymal tumors 839:Rous sarcoma virus 690:By 2004, 58 human 614:lobe comprising 5 331: 8035: 8034: 7641: 7640: 7402:N-Acetylserotonin 7301:ReN-1820 (TrkAd5) 6930: 6929: 6464: 6463: 6409:Binding proteins: 6068:Dihexa (PNB-0408) 6035: 6034: 5646: 5645: 5560:6 (neuroglycan C) 5280:EGF (urogastrone) 5258: 5091: 5090: 4800: 4799: 4796: 4795: 4792: 4791: 4462: 4461: 4458: 4457: 4108: 4107: 3811: 3810: 3807: 3806: 3683: 3682: 3622: 3621: 3523: 3522: 3436:Template-directed 3190: 3189: 3157:Phosphomevalonate 2684:10.1593/neo.08200 2532:(14): 1052–1056. 2416:(14): 1031–1037. 2274:(16): 2149–2158. 2223:978-0-8153-4076-8 2084:(14): 6818–6827. 1890:(10): 1112–1121. 1831:(11): 5192–5196. 1672:978-1-4292-2416-1 1117:endothelial cells 1012:GIST and Imatinib 994: 993: 909:to treat CML are 632:Protein Data Bank 370:and often to the 250: 249: 246: 245: 241:structure summary 16:(Redirected from 8082: 8075:Tyrosine kinases 8052: 8051: 8043: 7847:Decoy receptors: 7820:Alacizumab pegol 7298:Decoy receptors: 7047: 6952:Stem cell factor 6893:Persephin (PSPN) 6831:Neurturin (NRTN) 6780: 6617:LEVI-04 (p75-Fc) 6614:Decoy receptors: 6228: 5657: 5256: 5250: 5118: 5111: 5104: 5095: 4971:Hanes–Woolf plot 4914:Enzyme activator 4909:Enzyme inhibitor 4883:Enzyme catalysis 4827: 4820: 4813: 4804: 4482: 4468: 3922:Insulin receptor 3885: 3876: 3862: 3849:tyrosine kinases 3838: 3831: 3824: 3815: 3799:Histidine kinase 3722:tyrosine kinases 3712:protein-tyrosine 3704: 3634: 3441:RNA polymerase I 3264: 3255: 3108:Aspartate kinase 3103:Phosphoglycerate 2920: 2876: 2869: 2862: 2853: 2757: 2756: 2746: 2736: 2712: 2706: 2705: 2695: 2663: 2657: 2656: 2646: 2636: 2627:(4): 1834–1839. 2612: 2603: 2602: 2584: 2563: 2552: 2551: 2541: 2517: 2500: 2499: 2489: 2479: 2455: 2449: 2448: 2446: 2440:. Archived from 2407: 2398: 2392: 2391: 2381: 2366:The FEBS Journal 2357: 2348: 2347: 2303: 2294: 2293: 2283: 2259: 2228: 2227: 2209: 2203: 2202: 2200: 2198: 2186: 2180: 2179: 2151: 2145: 2144: 2120: 2114: 2113: 2103: 2093: 2069: 2063: 2062: 2026: 2015: 2014: 2004: 1972: 1966: 1965: 1947: 1923: 1908: 1907: 1896:10.1039/b909534a 1875: 1869: 1868: 1858: 1848: 1816: 1801: 1800: 1790: 1758: 1747: 1746: 1736: 1712: 1677: 1676: 1658: 1619: 1618: 1582: 1187:; 989: 986: 980: 968: 967: 960: 646:insulin receptor 643: 634:. An example is 591: 577: 563: 405:nuclear envelope 189: 42: 30: 21: 8090: 8089: 8085: 8084: 8083: 8081: 8080: 8079: 8060: 8059: 8058: 8046: 8038: 8036: 8031: 7976:Midkine (NEGF2) 7854: 7637: 7536: 7305: 7243:ABT-110 (PG110) 7036: 7016: 6926: 6907: 6876: 6845: 6814: 6769: 6621: 6559:ABT-110 (PG110) 6460: 6397: 6359: 6217: 6031: 6012: 5952: 5949:(against FGF23) 5871: 5738: 5642: 5585: 5531: 5444: 5255: 5239: 5208: 5130: 5122: 5092: 5087: 4999:Oxidoreductases 4985: 4961:Enzyme kinetics 4949: 4945:List of enzymes 4918: 4887: 4858:Catalytic triad 4836: 4831: 4801: 4788: 4764: 4725: 4694: 4663: 4629: 4600: 4576: 4552: 4528: 4504: 4476: 4454: 4438: 4419: 4390: 4366: 4350: 4331: 4312: 4293: 4269: 4245: 4221: 4197: 4104: 4075: 4051: 4022: 3988: 3945: 3916: 3870: 3856: 3845:Protein kinases 3842: 3812: 3803: 3774: 3752: 3727: 3698: 3692: 3688:2.7.10-2.7.13: 3679: 3663: 3630:: miscellaneous 3618: 3592: 3574: 3551: 3534:exoribonuclease 3531: 3519: 3505:Polyadenylation 3422: 3248: 3242: 3230: 3212: 3208: 3202: 3186: 3148: 3135: 3112: 3084: 2914: 2908: 2900: 2894: 2880: 2766: 2761: 2760: 2714: 2713: 2709: 2665: 2664: 2660: 2614: 2613: 2606: 2582:10.1.1.690.6356 2565: 2564: 2555: 2519: 2518: 2503: 2457: 2456: 2452: 2444: 2405: 2400: 2399: 2395: 2359: 2358: 2351: 2305: 2304: 2297: 2261: 2260: 2231: 2224: 2211: 2210: 2206: 2196: 2194: 2188: 2187: 2183: 2153: 2152: 2148: 2122: 2121: 2117: 2071: 2070: 2066: 2028: 2027: 2018: 1974: 1973: 1969: 1925: 1924: 1911: 1877: 1876: 1872: 1818: 1817: 1804: 1760: 1759: 1750: 1714: 1713: 1680: 1673: 1660: 1659: 1622: 1593:(4861): 42–52. 1584: 1583: 1579: 1574: 1552: 1143: 1065: 1033: 1014: 1005: 999: 990: 984: 981: 978: 969: 965: 935: 902: 863: 823: 817: 762: 756: 740:phosphorylation 728:differentiation 688: 682: 654: 635: 618:strands and an 604: 597: 592: 583: 578: 569: 564: 509: 488: 479: 403:but rather the 351: 323: 289:Phosphorylation 281:protein kinases 254:tyrosine kinase 141:OPM superfamily 54: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8088: 8086: 8078: 8077: 8072: 8062: 8061: 8057: 8056: 8033: 8032: 8030: 8029: 8019: 8018: 8013: 8006:Thrombopoietin 8003: 7998: 7993: 7988: 7983: 7978: 7973: 7968: 7963: 7949: 7944: 7939: 7934: 7927:Erythropoietin 7924: 7886: 7881: 7871: 7869:Adrenomedullin 7862: 7860: 7856: 7855: 7853: 7852: 7843: 7842: 7837: 7832: 7827: 7822: 7813: 7812: 7807: 7802: 7797: 7792: 7787: 7782: 7777: 7772: 7767: 7762: 7757: 7752: 7747: 7742: 7737: 7732: 7727: 7722: 7717: 7712: 7703: 7702: 7693: 7692: 7670: 7665: 7660: 7651: 7649: 7643: 7642: 7639: 7638: 7636: 7635: 7630: 7625: 7620: 7615: 7610: 7605: 7600: 7595: 7590: 7585: 7580: 7575: 7566: 7565: 7560: 7555: 7546: 7544: 7538: 7537: 7535: 7534: 7529: 7524: 7519: 7514: 7509: 7504: 7499: 7494: 7489: 7484: 7479: 7474: 7465: 7464: 7455: 7454: 7449: 7444: 7435: 7434: 7429: 7424: 7419: 7414: 7409: 7404: 7399: 7394: 7389: 7384: 7379: 7374: 7369: 7364: 7359: 7354: 7349: 7344: 7339: 7334: 7332:4'-DMA-7,8-DHF 7329: 7324: 7315: 7313: 7307: 7306: 7304: 7303: 7294: 7293: 7281: 7280: 7275: 7270: 7265: 7260: 7255: 7250: 7245: 7226: 7225: 7219: 7214: 7209: 7204: 7199: 7194: 7189: 7184: 7179: 7174: 7169: 7164: 7159: 7154: 7149: 7140: 7139: 7130: 7129: 7124: 7119: 7114: 7105: 7104: 7099: 7094: 7092:Gambogic amide 7089: 7084: 7079: 7074: 7069: 7064: 7055: 7053: 7044: 7038: 7037: 7035: 7034: 7026: 7024: 7018: 7017: 7015: 7014: 7009: 7004: 6999: 6994: 6989: 6984: 6979: 6974: 6969: 6964: 6955: 6954: 6949: 6940: 6938: 6932: 6931: 6928: 6927: 6925: 6924: 6915: 6913: 6909: 6908: 6906: 6905: 6896: 6895: 6886: 6884: 6878: 6877: 6875: 6874: 6865: 6864: 6862:Artemin (ARTN) 6855: 6853: 6847: 6846: 6844: 6843: 6834: 6833: 6824: 6822: 6816: 6815: 6813: 6812: 6803: 6802: 6797: 6788: 6786: 6777: 6771: 6770: 6768: 6767: 6762: 6757: 6748: 6747: 6742: 6737: 6732: 6727: 6722: 6717: 6712: 6707: 6702: 6697: 6692: 6687: 6682: 6677: 6672: 6663: 6662: 6640: 6631: 6629: 6623: 6622: 6620: 6619: 6610: 6609: 6597: 6596: 6591: 6586: 6581: 6576: 6571: 6566: 6561: 6549: 6548: 6543: 6538: 6533: 6524: 6523: 6518: 6513: 6508: 6503: 6498: 6493: 6488: 6483: 6474: 6472: 6466: 6465: 6462: 6461: 6459: 6458: 6453: 6444: 6443: 6405: 6403: 6399: 6398: 6396: 6395: 6389: 6380: 6379: 6369: 6367: 6361: 6360: 6358: 6357: 6351: 6346: 6341: 6336: 6331: 6326: 6321: 6316: 6307: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6277: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6251: 6246: 6236: 6234: 6225: 6219: 6218: 6216: 6215: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6190: 6185: 6176: 6175: 6170: 6165: 6160: 6155: 6150: 6145: 6140: 6135: 6130: 6125: 6120: 6115: 6110: 6105: 6100: 6095: 6090: 6085: 6080: 6071: 6070: 6061: 6060: 6055: 6045: 6043: 6037: 6036: 6033: 6032: 6030: 6029: 6020: 6018: 6014: 6013: 6011: 6010: 6005: 5971: 5962: 5960: 5954: 5953: 5951: 5950: 5940: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5890: 5881: 5879: 5873: 5872: 5870: 5869: 5860: 5859: 5854: 5845: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5757: 5748: 5746: 5740: 5739: 5737: 5736: 5731: 5726: 5721: 5716: 5674: 5665: 5663: 5654: 5648: 5647: 5644: 5643: 5641: 5640: 5614: 5609: 5604: 5595: 5593: 5587: 5586: 5584: 5583: 5578: 5573: 5564: 5563: 5541: 5539: 5533: 5532: 5530: 5529: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5509: 5500: 5499: 5494: 5489: 5484: 5479: 5474: 5465: 5464: 5454: 5452: 5446: 5445: 5443: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5388: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5332: 5327: 5322: 5313: 5312: 5307: 5302: 5297: 5292: 5287: 5282: 5277: 5272: 5262: 5260: 5247: 5241: 5240: 5238: 5237: 5232: 5227: 5218: 5216: 5210: 5209: 5207: 5206: 5200: 5190: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5170: 5169: 5167:Angiopoietin 3 5164: 5162:Angiopoietin 2 5155: 5154: 5152:Angiopoietin 4 5149: 5147:Angiopoietin 1 5140: 5138: 5132: 5131: 5123: 5121: 5120: 5113: 5106: 5098: 5089: 5088: 5086: 5085: 5072: 5059: 5046: 5033: 5020: 5007: 4993: 4991: 4987: 4986: 4984: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4957: 4955: 4951: 4950: 4948: 4947: 4942: 4937: 4932: 4926: 4924: 4923:Classification 4920: 4919: 4917: 4916: 4911: 4906: 4901: 4895: 4893: 4889: 4888: 4886: 4885: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4844: 4842: 4838: 4837: 4832: 4830: 4829: 4822: 4815: 4807: 4798: 4797: 4794: 4793: 4790: 4789: 4787: 4786: 4781: 4775: 4773: 4766: 4765: 4763: 4762: 4757: 4752: 4747: 4742: 4736: 4734: 4727: 4726: 4724: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4702: 4700: 4696: 4695: 4693: 4692: 4687: 4682: 4677: 4671: 4669: 4665: 4664: 4662: 4661: 4656: 4651: 4646: 4640: 4638: 4631: 4630: 4628: 4627: 4622: 4617: 4611: 4609: 4602: 4601: 4599: 4598: 4593: 4587: 4585: 4578: 4577: 4575: 4574: 4569: 4563: 4561: 4554: 4553: 4551: 4550: 4545: 4539: 4537: 4530: 4529: 4527: 4526: 4521: 4515: 4513: 4506: 4505: 4503: 4502: 4497: 4491: 4489: 4478: 4477: 4471: 4464: 4463: 4460: 4459: 4456: 4455: 4453: 4452: 4446: 4444: 4440: 4439: 4437: 4436: 4430: 4428: 4421: 4420: 4418: 4417: 4412: 4407: 4401: 4399: 4392: 4391: 4389: 4388: 4383: 4377: 4375: 4372:AATYK receptor 4368: 4367: 4365: 4364: 4358: 4356: 4352: 4351: 4349: 4348: 4342: 4340: 4333: 4332: 4330: 4329: 4323: 4321: 4314: 4313: 4311: 4310: 4304: 4302: 4295: 4294: 4292: 4291: 4286: 4280: 4278: 4271: 4270: 4268: 4267: 4262: 4256: 4254: 4247: 4246: 4244: 4243: 4238: 4232: 4230: 4223: 4222: 4220: 4219: 4214: 4208: 4206: 4199: 4198: 4196: 4195: 4190: 4185: 4180: 4175: 4170: 4165: 4160: 4155: 4150: 4145: 4140: 4135: 4130: 4125: 4119: 4117: 4110: 4109: 4106: 4105: 4103: 4102: 4097: 4092: 4086: 4084: 4077: 4076: 4074: 4073: 4068: 4062: 4060: 4053: 4052: 4050: 4049: 4044: 4039: 4033: 4031: 4028:VEGF receptors 4024: 4023: 4021: 4020: 4015: 4010: 4005: 3999: 3997: 3990: 3989: 3987: 3986: 3980: 3971: 3966: 3961: 3955: 3953: 3947: 3946: 3944: 3943: 3938: 3933: 3927: 3925: 3918: 3917: 3915: 3914: 3909: 3904: 3899: 3893: 3891: 3882: 3872: 3871: 3865: 3858: 3857: 3843: 3841: 3840: 3833: 3826: 3818: 3809: 3808: 3805: 3804: 3802: 3801: 3796: 3791: 3785: 3783: 3776: 3775: 3773: 3772: 3763: 3761: 3754: 3753: 3751: 3750: 3741: 3739: 3729: 3728: 3726: 3725: 3716: 3714: 3701: 3696: 3690:protein kinase 3685: 3684: 3681: 3680: 3678: 3677: 3671: 3669: 3665: 3664: 3662: 3661: 3656: 3651: 3646: 3640: 3638: 3631: 3624: 3623: 3620: 3619: 3617: 3616: 3611: 3600: 3598: 3594: 3593: 3591: 3590: 3584: 3582: 3576: 3575: 3573: 3572: 3567: 3561: 3559: 3553: 3552: 3550: 3549: 3544: 3538: 3536: 3529:Phosphorolytic 3525: 3524: 3521: 3520: 3518: 3517: 3512: 3507: 3502: 3497: 3496: 3495: 3490: 3485: 3475: 3474: 3473: 3463: 3458: 3453: 3448: 3443: 3438: 3432: 3430: 3428:RNA polymerase 3424: 3423: 3421: 3420: 3419: 3418: 3408: 3404: 3403: 3402: 3401: 3396: 3391: 3380: 3379: 3378: 3373: 3368: 3363: 3352: 3346: 3345: 3344: 3337: 3332: 3327: 3322: 3311: 3310: 3309: 3302: 3297: 3292: 3287: 3276: 3272: 3270: 3268:DNA polymerase 3261: 3252: 3246: 3232: 3231: 3229: 3228: 3223: 3217: 3215: 3210: 3206: 3192: 3191: 3188: 3187: 3185: 3184: 3179: 3174: 3169: 3164: 3159: 3153: 3151: 3146: 3137: 3136: 3134: 3133: 3127: 3125: 3114: 3113: 3111: 3110: 3105: 3099: 3097: 3086: 3085: 3083: 3082: 3077: 3072: 3071: 3070: 3065: 3055: 3053:Diacylglycerol 3050: 3045: 3040: 3035: 3030: 3025: 3020: 3015: 3014: 3013: 3003: 2998: 2993: 2992: 2991: 2986: 2981: 2976: 2971: 2964:Phosphofructo- 2961: 2956: 2955: 2954: 2944: 2939: 2933: 2931: 2917: 2912: 2896: 2895: 2881: 2879: 2878: 2871: 2864: 2856: 2850: 2849: 2828: 2807: 2786: 2781: 2776: 2765: 2764:External links 2762: 2759: 2758: 2707: 2678:(5): 489–500. 2658: 2604: 2575:(4): 620–625. 2553: 2501: 2450: 2447:on 2019-02-19. 2393: 2372:(2): 309–315. 2349: 2295: 2229: 2222: 2204: 2181: 2162:(6): 594–611. 2146: 2135:(6): 273–280. 2115: 2064: 2037:(7): 497–509. 2016: 1987:(7): 418–422. 1967: 1909: 1870: 1802: 1748: 1727:(2): 352–359. 1678: 1671: 1620: 1576: 1575: 1573: 1570: 1569: 1568: 1563: 1558: 1551: 1548: 1142: 1139: 1064: 1061: 1032: 1029: 1013: 1010: 1001:Main article: 998: 995: 992: 991: 972: 970: 963: 934: 931: 901: 898: 862: 859: 819:Main article: 816: 813: 755: 752: 734:(ATP) and the 681: 678: 653: 650: 603: 600: 599: 598: 593: 586: 584: 579: 572: 570: 565: 558: 508: 507:Other examples 505: 487: 484: 478: 475: 397:nuclear matrix 350: 347: 322: 319: 248: 247: 244: 243: 238: 232: 231: 218: 212: 211: 201: 194: 193: 185: 184: 179: 173: 172: 167: 161: 160: 155: 149: 148: 143: 137: 136: 123: 117: 116: 111: 105: 104: 99: 93: 92: 87: 81: 80: 75: 69: 68: 65: 61: 60: 56: 55: 50:, rendered in 43: 35: 34: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8087: 8076: 8073: 8071: 8068: 8067: 8065: 8055: 8050: 8045: 8041: 8027: 8024: 8021: 8020: 8017: 8014: 8011: 8007: 8004: 8002: 7999: 7997: 7994: 7992: 7989: 7987: 7984: 7982: 7979: 7977: 7974: 7972: 7969: 7967: 7964: 7961: 7957: 7953: 7950: 7948: 7945: 7943: 7940: 7938: 7935: 7932: 7928: 7925: 7922: 7918: 7914: 7910: 7906: 7902: 7898: 7894: 7890: 7887: 7885: 7882: 7879: 7875: 7872: 7870: 7867: 7864: 7863: 7861: 7857: 7851: 7848: 7845: 7844: 7841: 7838: 7836: 7833: 7831: 7828: 7826: 7823: 7821: 7818: 7815: 7814: 7811: 7808: 7806: 7803: 7801: 7798: 7796: 7793: 7791: 7788: 7786: 7783: 7781: 7778: 7776: 7773: 7771: 7768: 7766: 7763: 7761: 7758: 7756: 7753: 7751: 7748: 7746: 7743: 7741: 7738: 7736: 7733: 7731: 7728: 7726: 7723: 7721: 7718: 7716: 7713: 7711: 7708: 7705: 7704: 7701: 7700:Cyclotraxin B 7698: 7695: 7694: 7690: 7686: 7682: 7678: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7664: 7661: 7659: 7656: 7653: 7652: 7650: 7648: 7644: 7634: 7631: 7629: 7626: 7624: 7621: 7619: 7616: 7614: 7613:Larotrectinib 7611: 7609: 7606: 7604: 7601: 7599: 7596: 7594: 7591: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7581: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7568: 7567: 7564: 7561: 7559: 7556: 7554: 7551: 7548: 7547: 7545: 7543: 7539: 7533: 7530: 7528: 7525: 7523: 7520: 7518: 7515: 7513: 7512:Larotrectinib 7510: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7495: 7493: 7490: 7488: 7485: 7483: 7480: 7478: 7475: 7473: 7470: 7467: 7466: 7463: 7460: 7457: 7456: 7453: 7450: 7448: 7447:Cyclotraxin B 7445: 7443: 7440: 7437: 7436: 7433: 7430: 7428: 7425: 7423: 7420: 7418: 7415: 7413: 7410: 7408: 7405: 7403: 7400: 7398: 7395: 7393: 7390: 7388: 7385: 7383: 7380: 7378: 7375: 7373: 7370: 7368: 7365: 7363: 7360: 7358: 7357:Amitriptyline 7355: 7353: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7340: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7330: 7328: 7325: 7323: 7320: 7317: 7316: 7314: 7312: 7308: 7302: 7299: 7296: 7295: 7292: 7289: 7286: 7283: 7282: 7279: 7276: 7274: 7271: 7269: 7266: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7256: 7254: 7251: 7249: 7246: 7244: 7241: 7237: 7234: 7233:Against TrkA: 7231: 7228: 7227: 7223: 7220: 7218: 7215: 7213: 7210: 7208: 7205: 7203: 7200: 7198: 7195: 7193: 7190: 7188: 7187:Larotrectinib 7185: 7183: 7180: 7178: 7175: 7173: 7170: 7168: 7165: 7163: 7160: 7158: 7155: 7153: 7150: 7148: 7145: 7142: 7141: 7138: 7135: 7132: 7131: 7128: 7125: 7123: 7120: 7118: 7117:Dexamethasone 7115: 7113: 7110: 7107: 7106: 7103: 7100: 7098: 7095: 7093: 7090: 7088: 7085: 7083: 7080: 7078: 7075: 7073: 7070: 7068: 7065: 7063: 7062:Amitriptyline 7060: 7057: 7056: 7054: 7052: 7048: 7045: 7043: 7039: 7032: 7028: 7027: 7025: 7023: 7019: 7013: 7010: 7008: 7005: 7003: 7000: 6998: 6995: 6993: 6990: 6988: 6985: 6983: 6980: 6978: 6975: 6973: 6970: 6968: 6965: 6963: 6960: 6957: 6956: 6953: 6950: 6948: 6945: 6942: 6941: 6939: 6937: 6933: 6923: 6920: 6917: 6916: 6914: 6910: 6904: 6901: 6898: 6897: 6894: 6891: 6888: 6887: 6885: 6883: 6879: 6873: 6870: 6867: 6866: 6863: 6860: 6857: 6856: 6854: 6852: 6848: 6842: 6839: 6836: 6835: 6832: 6829: 6826: 6825: 6823: 6821: 6817: 6811: 6808: 6805: 6804: 6801: 6798: 6796: 6793: 6790: 6789: 6787: 6785: 6781: 6778: 6776: 6772: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6753: 6750: 6749: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6738: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6721: 6718: 6716: 6713: 6711: 6708: 6706: 6703: 6701: 6698: 6696: 6693: 6691: 6688: 6686: 6683: 6681: 6678: 6676: 6673: 6671: 6668: 6665: 6664: 6660: 6656: 6652: 6648: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6633: 6632: 6630: 6628: 6624: 6618: 6615: 6612: 6611: 6608: 6605: 6602: 6599: 6598: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6554: 6551: 6550: 6547: 6544: 6542: 6539: 6537: 6536:Dexamethasone 6534: 6532: 6529: 6526: 6525: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6504: 6502: 6499: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6479: 6476: 6475: 6473: 6471: 6467: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6446: 6445: 6441: 6437: 6433: 6429: 6425: 6421: 6417: 6413: 6410: 6407: 6406: 6404: 6400: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6382: 6381: 6378: 6374: 6371: 6370: 6368: 6366: 6362: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6309: 6308: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6279: 6278: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6244:des(1-3)IGF-1 6241: 6238: 6237: 6235: 6233: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6220: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6208:Telisotuzumab 6206: 6204: 6201: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6189: 6186: 6184: 6181: 6178: 6177: 6174: 6171: 6169: 6166: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6109: 6106: 6104: 6101: 6099: 6096: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6086: 6084: 6081: 6079: 6076: 6073: 6072: 6069: 6066: 6065:Potentiators: 6063: 6062: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6050: 6047: 6046: 6044: 6042: 6038: 6028: 6025: 6022: 6021: 6019: 6015: 6009: 6006: 6003: 5999: 5995: 5991: 5987: 5983: 5979: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5967: 5964: 5963: 5961: 5959: 5955: 5948: 5945: 5942: 5941: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5927:Selpercatinib 5925: 5922: 5918: 5914: 5910: 5906: 5902: 5898: 5894: 5891: 5889: 5886: 5883: 5882: 5880: 5878: 5874: 5868: 5865: 5862: 5861: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5847: 5846: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5832:Selpercatinib 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5817: 5813: 5809: 5805: 5801: 5797: 5793: 5789: 5785: 5781: 5777: 5773: 5769: 5765: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5750: 5749: 5747: 5745: 5741: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5724:Selpercatinib 5722: 5720: 5717: 5714: 5710: 5706: 5702: 5698: 5694: 5690: 5686: 5682: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5667: 5666: 5664: 5662: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5649: 5638: 5634: 5630: 5626: 5622: 5618: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5597: 5596: 5594: 5592: 5588: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5566: 5565: 5561: 5557: 5553: 5549: 5546: 5543: 5542: 5540: 5538: 5534: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5502: 5501: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5467: 5466: 5463: 5459: 5456: 5455: 5453: 5451: 5447: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5400:Depatuxizumab 5398: 5396: 5393: 5390: 5389: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5315: 5314: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5278: 5276: 5273: 5271: 5267: 5264: 5263: 5261: 5259: 5251: 5248: 5246: 5242: 5236: 5233: 5231: 5228: 5226: 5223: 5220: 5219: 5217: 5215: 5211: 5204: 5201: 5198: 5195: 5192: 5191: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5172: 5171: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5157: 5156: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5142: 5141: 5139: 5137: 5133: 5129: 5126: 5119: 5114: 5112: 5107: 5105: 5100: 5099: 5096: 5083: 5079: 5078: 5073: 5070: 5066: 5065: 5060: 5057: 5053: 5052: 5047: 5044: 5040: 5039: 5034: 5031: 5027: 5026: 5021: 5018: 5014: 5013: 5008: 5005: 5001: 5000: 4995: 4994: 4992: 4988: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4958: 4956: 4952: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4940:Enzyme family 4938: 4936: 4933: 4931: 4928: 4927: 4925: 4921: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4907: 4905: 4904:Cooperativity 4902: 4900: 4897: 4896: 4894: 4890: 4884: 4881: 4879: 4876: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4863:Oxyanion hole 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4846: 4845: 4843: 4839: 4835: 4828: 4823: 4821: 4816: 4814: 4809: 4808: 4805: 4785: 4782: 4780: 4777: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4767: 4761: 4758: 4756: 4753: 4751: 4748: 4746: 4743: 4741: 4738: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4728: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4703: 4701: 4697: 4691: 4688: 4686: 4683: 4681: 4678: 4676: 4673: 4672: 4670: 4666: 4660: 4657: 4655: 4652: 4650: 4647: 4645: 4642: 4641: 4639: 4636: 4632: 4626: 4623: 4621: 4618: 4616: 4613: 4612: 4610: 4607: 4603: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4588: 4586: 4583: 4579: 4573: 4570: 4568: 4565: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4555: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4541: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4531: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4517: 4516: 4514: 4511: 4507: 4501: 4498: 4496: 4493: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4483: 4479: 4475:(EC 2.7.10.2) 4474: 4469: 4465: 4451: 4448: 4447: 4445: 4443:uncategorised 4441: 4435: 4432: 4431: 4429: 4426: 4422: 4416: 4413: 4411: 4408: 4406: 4403: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4393: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4378: 4376: 4373: 4369: 4363: 4360: 4359: 4357: 4353: 4347: 4344: 4343: 4341: 4338: 4337:MuSK receptor 4334: 4328: 4325: 4324: 4322: 4319: 4315: 4309: 4306: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4299:PTK7 receptor 4296: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4281: 4279: 4276: 4272: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4248: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4233: 4231: 4228: 4224: 4218: 4215: 4213: 4210: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4200: 4194: 4191: 4189: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4179: 4176: 4174: 4171: 4169: 4166: 4164: 4161: 4159: 4156: 4154: 4151: 4149: 4146: 4144: 4141: 4139: 4136: 4134: 4131: 4129: 4126: 4124: 4121: 4120: 4118: 4115: 4111: 4101: 4098: 4096: 4093: 4091: 4088: 4087: 4085: 4082: 4078: 4072: 4069: 4067: 4064: 4063: 4061: 4058: 4054: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4035: 4034: 4032: 4029: 4025: 4019: 4016: 4014: 4011: 4009: 4006: 4004: 4001: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3991: 3984: 3981: 3979: 3975: 3972: 3970: 3967: 3965: 3962: 3960: 3957: 3956: 3954: 3952: 3948: 3942: 3939: 3937: 3934: 3932: 3929: 3928: 3926: 3923: 3919: 3913: 3910: 3908: 3905: 3903: 3900: 3898: 3895: 3894: 3892: 3890: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3877: 3873: 3869:(EC 2.7.10.1) 3868: 3863: 3859: 3854: 3850: 3846: 3839: 3834: 3832: 3827: 3825: 3820: 3819: 3816: 3800: 3797: 3795: 3792: 3790: 3787: 3786: 3784: 3781: 3777: 3771: 3770: 3765: 3764: 3762: 3759: 3755: 3749: 3748: 3743: 3742: 3740: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3724: 3723: 3718: 3717: 3715: 3713: 3709: 3705: 3702: 3699: 3691: 3686: 3676: 3673: 3672: 3670: 3666: 3660: 3657: 3655: 3652: 3650: 3647: 3645: 3642: 3641: 3639: 3635: 3632: 3629: 3625: 3615: 3612: 3609: 3605: 3602: 3601: 3599: 3595: 3589: 3586: 3585: 3583: 3581: 3577: 3571: 3568: 3566: 3563: 3562: 3560: 3558: 3554: 3548: 3545: 3543: 3540: 3539: 3537: 3535: 3530: 3526: 3516: 3513: 3511: 3508: 3506: 3503: 3501: 3498: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3486: 3484: 3481: 3480: 3479: 3476: 3472: 3469: 3468: 3467: 3464: 3462: 3459: 3457: 3454: 3452: 3449: 3447: 3444: 3442: 3439: 3437: 3434: 3433: 3431: 3429: 3425: 3417: 3414: 3413: 3412: 3409: 3406: 3405: 3400: 3397: 3395: 3392: 3390: 3387: 3386: 3384: 3381: 3377: 3374: 3372: 3369: 3367: 3364: 3362: 3359: 3358: 3356: 3353: 3350: 3347: 3343: 3342: 3338: 3336: 3333: 3331: 3328: 3326: 3323: 3321: 3318: 3317: 3315: 3312: 3308: 3307: 3303: 3301: 3298: 3296: 3293: 3291: 3288: 3286: 3283: 3282: 3280: 3277: 3274: 3273: 3271: 3269: 3265: 3262: 3260: 3256: 3253: 3250: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3227: 3224: 3222: 3219: 3218: 3216: 3213: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3183: 3180: 3178: 3175: 3173: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3163: 3160: 3158: 3155: 3154: 3152: 3149: 3142: 3138: 3132: 3129: 3128: 3126: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3109: 3106: 3104: 3101: 3100: 3098: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3081: 3078: 3076: 3073: 3069: 3068:Class II PI 3 3066: 3064: 3061: 3060: 3059: 3056: 3054: 3051: 3049: 3046: 3044: 3043:Deoxycytidine 3041: 3039: 3036: 3034: 3031: 3029: 3026: 3024: 3021: 3019: 3016: 3012: 3011:ADP-thymidine 3009: 3008: 3007: 3004: 3002: 2999: 2997: 2994: 2990: 2987: 2985: 2982: 2980: 2977: 2975: 2972: 2970: 2967: 2966: 2965: 2962: 2960: 2957: 2953: 2950: 2949: 2948: 2945: 2943: 2940: 2938: 2935: 2934: 2932: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2918: 2915: 2907: 2903: 2897: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2877: 2872: 2870: 2865: 2863: 2858: 2857: 2854: 2847: 2843: 2842: 2837: 2833: 2829: 2826: 2822: 2821: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2805: 2801: 2800: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2785: 2782: 2780: 2777: 2775: 2771: 2768: 2767: 2763: 2754: 2750: 2745: 2740: 2735: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2711: 2708: 2703: 2699: 2694: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2662: 2659: 2654: 2650: 2645: 2640: 2635: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2611: 2609: 2605: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2583: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2562: 2560: 2558: 2554: 2549: 2545: 2540: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2516: 2514: 2512: 2510: 2508: 2506: 2502: 2497: 2493: 2488: 2483: 2478: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2454: 2451: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2404: 2397: 2394: 2389: 2385: 2380: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2356: 2354: 2350: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2302: 2300: 2296: 2291: 2287: 2282: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2258: 2256: 2254: 2252: 2250: 2248: 2246: 2244: 2242: 2240: 2238: 2236: 2234: 2230: 2225: 2219: 2215: 2208: 2205: 2192: 2185: 2182: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2150: 2147: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2119: 2116: 2111: 2107: 2102: 2097: 2092: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2068: 2065: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2025: 2023: 2021: 2017: 2012: 2008: 2003: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1971: 1968: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1946: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1922: 1920: 1918: 1916: 1914: 1910: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1874: 1871: 1866: 1862: 1857: 1852: 1847: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1815: 1813: 1811: 1809: 1807: 1803: 1798: 1794: 1789: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1757: 1755: 1753: 1749: 1744: 1740: 1735: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1711: 1709: 1707: 1705: 1703: 1701: 1699: 1697: 1695: 1693: 1691: 1689: 1687: 1685: 1683: 1679: 1674: 1668: 1664: 1657: 1655: 1653: 1651: 1649: 1647: 1645: 1643: 1641: 1639: 1637: 1635: 1633: 1631: 1629: 1627: 1625: 1621: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1581: 1578: 1571: 1567: 1564: 1562: 1559: 1557: 1554: 1553: 1549: 1547: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1179:; 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1140: 1138: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1105: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1062: 1060: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1030: 1028: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1011: 1009: 1004: 996: 988: 985:February 2016 976: 971: 962: 961: 958: 955: 951: 947: 943: 939: 932: 930: 928: 924: 920: 916: 912: 908: 899: 897: 893: 891: 887: 886:tumorigenesis 882: 878: 876: 872: 868: 860: 858: 856: 850: 848: 842: 840: 834: 832: 828: 822: 814: 812: 810: 806: 802: 798: 794: 790: 786: 782: 779: 778: 772: 770: 767: 761: 753: 751: 749: 745: 741: 737: 733: 729: 725: 721: 717: 713: 709: 705: 701: 697: 693: 687: 679: 677: 675: 671: 667: 663: 659: 651: 649: 647: 642: 638: 633: 628: 625: 621: 617: 613: 609: 601: 596: 590: 585: 582: 576: 571: 568: 562: 557: 555: 553: 549: 544: 542: 538: 534: 530: 526: 521: 516: 514: 506: 504: 501: 497: 493: 485: 483: 476: 474: 472: 467: 463: 458: 456: 450: 448: 442: 440: 436: 432: 428: 424: 420: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 398: 393: 389: 385: 379: 377: 373: 369: 365: 364:cell membrane 361: 355: 348: 346: 344: 340: 336: 327: 320: 318: 316: 311: 309: 305: 300: 298: 297:cell division 294: 290: 286: 282: 277: 275: 271: 267: 263: 259: 255: 242: 239: 237: 233: 230: 226: 222: 219: 217: 213: 209: 205: 202: 199: 195: 190: 186: 183: 180: 178: 174: 171: 168: 166: 162: 159: 156: 154: 150: 147: 144: 142: 138: 135: 131: 127: 124: 122: 118: 115: 112: 110: 106: 103: 100: 98: 94: 91: 88: 86: 82: 79: 76: 74: 70: 66: 62: 57: 53: 49: 46: 41: 36: 31: 19: 8026:Cerebrolysin 8022: 7996:Pleiotrophin 7952:Interleukins 7865: 7846: 7816: 7735:Fruquintinib 7725:Cabozantinib 7706: 7696: 7654: 7618:Lestaurtinib 7569: 7549: 7517:Lestaurtinib 7468: 7458: 7439:Antagonists: 7438: 7372:Deoxygedunin 7327:3,7,8,2'-THF 7318: 7297: 7288:Against NGF: 7287: 7284: 7240:Against NGF: 7239: 7232: 7229: 7192:Lestaurtinib 7143: 7133: 7127:Testosterone 7109:Antagonists: 7108: 7058: 6958: 6943: 6918: 6899: 6889: 6868: 6858: 6837: 6827: 6806: 6791: 6751: 6666: 6634: 6613: 6604:Against NGF: 6603: 6600: 6556:Against NGF: 6555: 6552: 6546:Testosterone 6528:Antagonists: 6527: 6477: 6447: 6408: 6383: 6372: 6349:Teprotumumab 6310: 6280: 6239: 6188:Ficlatuzumab 6183:Emibetuzumab 6179: 6133:JNJ-38877605 6103:Cabozantinib 6074: 6064: 6053:Fosgonimeton 6048: 6023: 5965: 5943: 5884: 5867:Infigratinib 5863: 5848: 5751: 5668: 5602:Betacellulin 5598: 5581:Seribantumab 5567: 5544: 5503: 5468: 5462:Unknown/none 5461: 5457: 5391: 5316: 5275:Betacellulin 5270:Amphiregulin 5265: 5257:(ErbB1/HER1) 5221: 5193: 5173: 5159:Antagonists: 5158: 5143: 5136:Angiopoietin 5077:Translocases 5074: 5061: 5048: 5035: 5022: 5012:Transferases 5009: 4996: 4853:Binding site 4699:SRC-B family 4668:SRC-A family 4425:RET receptor 4396:AXL receptor 4318:RYK receptor 4275:DDR receptor 4251:ROR receptor 4227:TIE receptor 4203:LTK receptor 4114:EPH receptor 4081:Trk receptor 4057:HGF receptor 3994:FGF receptor 3848: 3766: 3744: 3721: 3719: 3711: 3340: 3305: 3063:Class I PI 3 3028:Pantothenate 2899:2.7.1-2.7.4: 2883:Transferases 2839: 2818: 2797: 2772:motif class 2724: 2720: 2710: 2675: 2671: 2661: 2644:11567/225870 2624: 2620: 2572: 2568: 2529: 2525: 2467: 2463: 2453: 2442:the original 2413: 2409: 2396: 2369: 2365: 2311: 2307: 2271: 2267: 2213: 2207: 2195:. Retrieved 2184: 2159: 2155: 2149: 2132: 2128: 2118: 2081: 2077: 2067: 2034: 2030: 1984: 1980: 1970: 1938:(1): 12–18. 1935: 1931: 1887: 1883: 1873: 1828: 1824: 1773:(1): 59–70. 1770: 1766: 1724: 1720: 1662: 1590: 1586: 1580: 1483:; 1347:; 1295:; 1147: 1144: 1121: 1106: 1092: 1087: 1066: 1034: 1015: 1006: 982: 974: 949: 936: 903: 894: 883: 879: 864: 851: 843: 835: 824: 808: 804: 800: 796: 792: 784: 775: 773: 763: 689: 655: 629: 605: 545: 540: 536: 517: 510: 492:erythrocytes 489: 486:Erythrocytes 480: 470: 459: 454: 451: 443: 435:polyomavirus 421: 380: 356: 352: 332: 312: 301: 278: 253: 251: 7986:Oncomodulin 7850:Aflibercept 7840:Ranibizumab 7835:Ramucirumab 7825:Bevacizumab 7817:Antibodies: 7775:Regorafenib 7715:Altiratinib 7628:ONO-5390556 7598:Entrectinib 7573:Altiratinib 7527:ONO-5390556 7497:Entrectinib 7472:Altiratinib 7258:Frunevetmab 7230:Antibodies: 7207:ONO-5390556 7172:Entrectinib 7147:Altiratinib 7102:Tavilermide 6997:Quizartinib 6936:SCF (c-Kit) 6760:Ramucirumab 6752:Antibodies: 6725:Quizartinib 6675:Avapritinib 6638:Becaplermin 6574:Frunevetmab 6553:Antibodies: 6456:Trofinetide 6387:Dusigitumab 6384:Antibodies: 6339:Robatumumab 6329:Figitumumab 6324:Dalotuzumab 6319:Cixutumumab 6311:Antibodies: 6203:Rilotumumab 6198:Onartuzumab 6193:Flanvotumab 6180:Antibodies: 6148:PF-04217903 6078:Altiratinib 6041:HGF (c-Met) 5944:Antibodies: 5849:Antibodies: 5571:Duligotumab 5568:Antibodies: 5482:Trastuzumab 5472:Ertumaxomab 5469:Antibodies: 5440:Zalutumumab 5435:Panitumumab 5430:Nimotuzumab 5425:Necitumumab 5415:Imgatuzumab 5392:Antibodies: 5375:Osimertinib 5340:Dacomitinib 5235:Dapiclermin 5194:Antibodies: 5177:Altiratinib 4848:Active site 3614:Transposase 3604:Recombinase 3249:-nucleoside 3075:Sphingosine 2774:MOD_TYR_CSK 1556:Tyrphostins 1019:(GIST) are 847:lymphocytes 744:oncogenesis 620:alpha helix 423:Fibroblasts 388:mitogenesis 308:osimertinib 264:group from 153:OPM protein 67:Pkinase_Tyr 59:Identifiers 8064:Categories 7805:Vandetanib 7770:Rebastinib 7765:Pegaptanib 7755:Nintedanib 7745:Lenvatinib 7710:Agerafenib 7663:Ripretinib 7588:CH-7057288 7487:CH-7057288 7352:7,8,3'-THF 7347:7,8,2'-THF 7273:Ranevetmab 7263:Fulranumab 7217:Rebastinib 7162:CH-7057288 7077:Cenegermin 6962:Agerafenib 6922:Agerafenib 6903:Vandetanib 6872:Vandetanib 6841:Vandetanib 6810:Vandetanib 6755:Olaratumab 6730:Ripretinib 6710:Nintedanib 6695:Lenvatinib 6685:Crenolanib 6670:Agerafenib 6589:Ranevetmab 6579:Fulranumab 6496:Cenegermin 6470:LNGF (p75) 6392:Xentuzumab 6354:Xentuzumab 6299:NVP-AEW541 6294:NVP-ADW742 6289:Linsitinib 6284:BMS-754807 6269:Mecasermin 6168:Tivantinib 6158:PHA-665752 6153:PF-2341066 6123:Golvatinib 6113:Crizotinib 6108:Capmatinib 6098:BMS-777607 6093:Amuvatinib 5969:Ersofermin 5932:Sprifermin 5888:Ersofermin 5837:Sprifermin 5827:Repifermin 5822:Palifermin 5755:Ersofermin 5734:Velafermin 5719:Repifermin 5672:Ersofermin 5591:ErbB4/HER4 5576:Patritumab 5537:ErbB3/HER3 5517:Mubritinib 5477:Pertuzumab 5450:ErbB2/HER2 5380:Vandetanib 5335:Canertinib 5330:Brigatinib 5325:Agerafenib 5305:Nepidermin 5300:Murodermin 5290:Epiregulin 5245:EGF (ErbB) 5203:Nesvacumab 5197:Evinacumab 5187:Rebastinib 5128:modulators 5051:Isomerases 5025:Hydrolases 4892:Regulation 3416:Telomerase 3259:Polymerase 3033:Mevalonate 2996:Riboflavin 2887:phosphorus 2197:27 October 1572:References 1491:; 1086:(Burstein 997:Inhibitors 907:inhibitors 624:C-terminal 616:beta sheet 612:N-terminal 535:molecules 477:Regulation 462:tyrphostin 417:cell cycle 204:structures 177:Membranome 8070:EC 2.7.10 7830:Icrucumab 7810:WHI-P 154 7800:Tivozanib 7795:Toceranib 7790:Sunitinib 7785:Sorafenib 7780:Semaxanib 7760:Pazopanib 7750:Motesanib 7740:Lapatinib 7730:Cediranib 7668:Telbermin 7655:Agonists: 7603:GZ-389988 7583:CE-245677 7550:Agonists: 7502:GZ-389988 7482:CE-245677 7382:Diosmetin 7319:Agonists: 7285:Aptamers: 7278:Tanezumab 7253:Fasinumab 7197:Milciclib 7177:GZ-389988 7157:CE-245677 7059:Agonists: 7012:Toceranib 7007:Sunitinib 7002:Sorafenib 6992:Pazopanib 6987:Nilotinib 6982:Masitinib 6972:Dasatinib 6944:Agonists: 6890:Agonists: 6859:Agonists: 6828:Agonists: 6800:Liatermin 6792:Agonists: 6775:RET (GFL) 6765:Tovetumab 6745:Toceranib 6740:Sorafenib 6735:Sunitinib 6720:Radotinib 6715:Pazopanib 6705:Motesanib 6700:Masitinib 6635:Agonists: 6601:Aptamers: 6594:Tanezumab 6569:Fasinumab 6478:Agonists: 6334:Ganitumab 6254:IGF-1 LR3 6173:Volitinib 6128:INCB28060 6118:Foretinib 6024:Agonists: 6008:Trafermin 5966:Agonists: 5947:Burosumab 5937:Trafermin 5885:Agonists: 5852:Aprutumab 5842:Trafermin 5804:10 (KGF2) 5752:Agonists: 5729:Trafermin 5709:10 (KGF2) 5669:Agonists: 5599:Agonists: 5545:Agonists: 5527:Tucatinib 5522:Neratinib 5512:Lapatinib 5420:Matuzumab 5410:Futuximab 5395:Cetuximab 5385:WHI-P 154 5370:Neratinib 5365:Lapatinib 5355:Grandinin 5350:Gefitinib 5345:Erlotinib 5222:Agonists: 5182:CE-245677 5144:Agonists: 4930:EC number 3608:Integrase 3532:3' to 5' 3177:Guanylate 3172:Uridylate 3162:Adenylate 3006:Thymidine 3001:Shikimate 2672:Neoplasia 2577:CiteSeerX 2470:(1): 90. 1131:senolytic 1123:Dasatinib 1098:erlotinib 1094:Gefitinib 1078:(PDGFR), 1074:(VEGFR), 1068:Sunitinib 1053:ponatinib 1049:bosutinib 1045:dasatinib 1041:nilotinib 927:ponatinib 923:bosutinib 919:nilotinib 915:dasatinib 890:Erlotinib 867:Gefitinib 781:oncogenic 736:substrate 602:Structure 581:Phosphate 552:endosomes 466:genistein 401:chromatin 376:mutations 368:cytoplasm 262:phosphate 114:PDOC00629 90:IPR001245 8012:instead) 8001:Renalase 7962:instead) 7933:instead) 7880:instead) 7720:Axitinib 7689:D (FIGF) 7633:PLX-7486 7623:ONO-4474 7578:AZD-6918 7532:PLX-7486 7522:ONO-4474 7477:AZD-6918 7459:Ligands: 7377:Deprenyl 7337:7,3'-DHF 7268:MEDI-578 7248:ASP-6294 7212:PLX-7486 7202:ONO-4474 7152:AZD-6918 7112:ALE-0540 7033:instead. 6977:Imatinib 6967:Axitinib 6947:Ancestim 6912:Unsorted 6690:Imatinib 6680:Axitinib 6584:MEDI-578 6564:ASP-6294 6531:ALE-0540 6373:Agonists 6314:AVE-1642 6240:Agonists 6163:SU-11274 6049:Agonists 6027:FGF15/19 6017:Unsorted 5982:2 (bFGF) 5901:2 (bFGF) 5768:2 (bFGF) 5685:2 (bFGF) 5507:Afatinib 5458:Agonists 5360:Icotinib 5320:Afatinib 5266:Agonists 4954:Kinetics 4878:Cofactor 4841:Activity 3542:RNase PH 3150:acceptor 3131:Creatine 3124:acceptor 3096:acceptor 3038:Pyruvate 3023:Glycerol 2984:Platelet 2959:Galacto- 2930:acceptor 2753:31619990 2727:: 1011. 2702:18472966 2653:18048643 2599:18235121 2548:11287975 2496:35818053 2430:11287972 2388:19922468 2344:34389318 2336:15284455 2290:14570950 2176:18045055 2141:22900354 2110:30867294 2059:21902484 2011:18654566 1954:11208164 1904:19756300 1550:See also 1391:; 1363:; 1331:; 1323:; 1315:; 1141:Examples 1039:can use 1025:Imatinib 954:imatinib 911:imatinib 831:Imatinib 769:2.7.10.2 680:Receptor 652:Families 567:Tyrosine 541:diminish 496:cytokine 431:collagen 349:Function 321:Reaction 304:imatinib 274:proteins 270:tyrosine 221:RCSB PDB 85:InterPro 8054:Biology 7889:Ephrins 7593:DS-6051 7492:DS-6051 7397:LM22A-4 7387:DMAQ-B1 7342:7,8-DHF 7322:3,7-DHF 7291:RBM-004 7236:GBR-900 7167:DS-6051 7137:VM-902A 6607:RBM-004 6304:OSl-906 6264:Insulin 6143:MK-2461 6088:AMG-458 5225:Axokine 5064:Ligases 4834:Enzymes 3855:2.7.10) 3493:PrimPol 3478:Primase 2952:Hepatic 2947:Fructo- 2846:PDBe-KB 2836:UniProt 2825:PDBe-KB 2815:UniProt 2804:PDBe-KB 2794:UniProt 2744:6759511 2693:2373870 2487:9272596 2438:8399298 2316:Bibcode 2308:Science 2101:6452665 2051:9269296 2002:2556356 1962:7329602 1932:Traffic 1865:1594631 1833:Bibcode 1797:9298529 1788:1564904 1743:8612602 1615:3291115 1595:Bibcode 1587:Science 1543:; 1535:; 1523:; 1519:; 1515:; 1479:; 1475:; 1471:; 1459:; 1451:; 1447:; 1419:; 1415:; 1395:; 1371:; 1355:; 1351:; 1319:; 1303:; 1299:; 1191:; 1159:; 1155:; 1151:; 975:updated 750:cells. 537:enhance 392:mitosis 372:nucleus 366:to the 268:to the 170:cd00192 109:PROSITE 78:PF07714 8040:Portal 7859:Others 7553:BNN-20 7442:ANA-12 7367:BNN-20 7087:DHEA-S 7072:BNN-27 7067:BNN-20 6506:DHEA-S 6491:BNN-27 6486:BNN-20 6402:Others 5607:Epigen 5285:Epigen 5038:Lyases 4772:family 4733:family 4637:family 4608:family 4584:family 4560:family 4536:family 4512:family 4488:family 4427:family 4398:family 4386:AATYK2 4374:family 4339:family 4320:family 4301:family 4277:family 4253:family 4229:family 4205:family 4116:family 4083:family 4059:family 4047:VEGFR3 4042:VEGFR2 4037:VEGFR1 4030:family 3996:family 3983:PDGFRB 3978:PDGFRA 3924:family 3780:2.7.13 3758:2.7.12 3733:2.7.11 3708:2.7.10 3547:PNPase 3515:PNPase 3471:POLRMT 3466:ssRNAP 2979:Muscle 2942:Gluco- 2906:kinase 2841:O60674 2820:P00520 2799:P08631 2751: 2741: 2700: 2690: 2651: 2597: 2579: 2546: 2494: 2484: 2436: 2428: 2386: 2342: 2334: 2288: 2220: 2174: 2139: 2108: 2098: 2057: 2049: 2009: 1999: 1960: 1952: 1902: 1863: 1853: 1795: 1785: 1741: 1669: 1613: 1539:; 1525:TNNI3K 1511:; 1455:; 1437:PDGFRB 1433:PDGFRA 1431:; 1427:; 1423:; 1411:; 1399:; 1379:; 1343:; 1339:; 1327:; 1287:; 1283:; 1279:; 1263:; 1259:; 1255:; 1251:; 1247:; 1243:; 1239:; 1233:EPHA10 1231:; 1227:; 1223:; 1219:; 1215:; 1211:; 1207:; 1203:; 1090:2008) 1088:et al. 1082:, and 1063:Others 942:STI571 827:cancer 748:cancer 722:, and 696:EPHA10 672:, and 471:et al. 455:et al. 258:enzyme 256:is an 236:PDBsum 210: 200: 134:SUPFAM 64:Symbol 27:Enzyme 8008:(see 7958:(see 7929:(see 7876:(see 7608:K252a 7507:K252a 7182:K252a 7122:FX007 6882:GFRα4 6851:GFRα3 6820:GFRα2 6784:GFRα1 6412:IGFBP 6365:IGF-2 6344:R1507 6232:IGF-1 6138:K252a 5958:FGFR4 5877:FGFR3 5744:FGFR2 5661:FGFR1 4990:Types 4784:ZAP70 4450:STYK1 4415:TYRO3 4381:AATYK 4188:EPHB6 4183:EPHB5 4178:EPHB4 4173:EPHB3 4168:EPHB2 4163:EPHB1 4158:EPHA8 4153:EPHA7 4148:EPHA6 4143:EPHA5 4138:EPHA4 4133:EPHA3 4128:EPHA2 4123:EPHA1 4100:NTRK3 4095:NTRK2 4090:NTRK1 4018:FGFR4 4013:FGFR3 4008:FGFR2 4003:FGFR1 3974:PDGFR 3959:CSF1R 3941:INSRR 3931:IGF1R 3912:ERBB4 3907:ERBB3 3902:ERBB2 3628:2.7.8 3597:Other 3236:2.7.7 3196:2.7.6 3141:2.7.4 3118:2.7.3 3090:2.7.2 2974:Liver 2937:Hexo- 2924:2.7.1 2621:Blood 2445:(PDF) 2434:S2CID 2406:(PDF) 2340:S2CID 2055:S2CID 2031:APMIS 1958:S2CID 1856:49256 1566:BYKdb 1545:ZAP70 1537:TYRO3 1527:; 1509:TEX14 1493:STYK1 1453:PTK2B 1441:PKDCC 1435:; 1429:NTRK3 1425:NTRK2 1421:NTRK1 1409:MST1R 1397:MERTK 1381:LMTK3 1377:LMTK2 1341:IRAK4 1337:INSRR 1325:IGF1R 1289:FGFR4 1285:FGFR3 1281:FGFR2 1277:FGFR1 1265:ERBB4 1261:ERBB3 1257:ERBB2 1253:EPHB6 1249:EPHB4 1245:EPHB3 1241:EPHB2 1237:EPHB1 1229:EPHA8 1225:EPHA7 1221:EPHA6 1217:EPHA5 1213:EPHA4 1209:EPHA3 1205:EPHA2 1201:EPHA1 1181:CSF1R 1125:is a 950:c-kit 946:c-kit 777:v-src 724:STYK1 704:ERBB3 700:EPHB6 533:IRS-1 447:pp125 130:SCOPe 121:SCOP2 102:TyrKc 97:SMART 52:PyMOL 8010:here 7960:here 7931:here 7878:here 7673:VEGF 7647:VEGF 7563:NT-3 7558:DHEA 7542:TrkC 7462:DHEA 7432:TDP6 7412:NT-4 7407:NT-3 7392:HIOC 7362:BDNF 7311:TrkB 7082:DHEA 7051:TrkA 7031:here 7029:See 7022:TGFβ 6627:PDGF 6521:NT-4 6516:NT-3 6501:DHEA 6481:BDNF 5230:CNTF 5214:CNTF 5082:list 5075:EC7 5069:list 5062:EC6 5056:list 5049:EC5 5043:list 5036:EC4 5030:list 5023:EC3 5017:list 5010:EC2 5004:list 4997:EC1 4690:YES1 4659:TYK2 4654:JAK3 4649:JAK2 4644:JAK1 4625:SRMS 4572:PYK2 4548:MATK 4524:TNK1 4519:ACK1 4495:ABL1 4362:ROS1 4346:MUSK 4308:PTK7 4289:DDR2 4284:DDR1 4265:ROR2 4260:ROR1 4193:EPHX 3964:FLT3 3936:INSR 3897:EGFR 3767:see 3745:see 3720:see 3094:COOH 2893:2.7) 2834:for 2813:for 2792:for 2749:PMID 2698:PMID 2649:PMID 2595:PMID 2544:PMID 2492:PMID 2426:PMID 2384:PMID 2332:PMID 2286:PMID 2268:JAMA 2218:ISBN 2199:2022 2172:PMID 2137:PMID 2106:PMID 2047:PMID 2007:PMID 1950:PMID 1900:PMID 1861:PMID 1793:PMID 1739:PMID 1667:ISBN 1611:PMID 1541:YES1 1533:TYK2 1521:TNK2 1517:TNK1 1513:TIE1 1499:; 1489:SRMS 1477:ROS1 1473:ROR2 1469:ROR1 1467:; 1461:PTK7 1457:PTK6 1449:PTK2 1445:PLK4 1417:NPR1 1413:MUSK 1405:MLTK 1393:MATK 1375:; 1369:KSR1 1357:JAK3 1353:JAK2 1349:JAK1 1333:INSR 1317:GSG2 1311:; 1305:FLT4 1301:FLT3 1297:FLT1 1197:EGFR 1193:DDR2 1189:DDR1 1157:ABL2 1149:AATK 1096:and 925:and 803:and 716:ROR2 712:ROR1 708:PTK7 674:TYK2 670:JAK3 666:JAK2 662:JAK1 641:1IRK 546:The 529:IRS3 527:and 525:IRS2 513:Grb2 464:and 429:and 306:and 229:PDBj 225:PDBe 208:ECOD 198:Pfam 158:2k1k 126:1apm 73:Pfam 48:2HCK 7427:R13 7097:NGF 7042:Trk 6511:NGF 6223:IGF 6083:AM7 5974:FGF 5893:FGF 5794:), 5792:KGF 5760:FGF 5677:FGF 5652:FGF 5254:EGF 4779:SYK 4770:SYK 4760:TXK 4755:ITK 4750:BTK 4745:BMX 4740:TEC 4731:TEC 4721:LYN 4716:LCK 4711:HCK 4706:BLK 4685:FYN 4680:FGR 4675:SRC 4635:JAK 4620:BRK 4615:FRK 4606:FRK 4596:FER 4591:FES 4582:FES 4567:FAK 4558:FAK 4543:CSK 4534:CSK 4510:ACK 4500:ARG 4486:ABL 4434:RET 4410:MER 4405:AXL 4327:RYK 4241:TEK 4236:TIE 4217:ALK 4212:LTK 4071:RON 4066:MET 3969:KIT 3510:PAP 3451:III 3385:/Y 3376:TDT 3357:/X 3349:III 3341:Pfu 3316:/B 3306:Taq 3281:/A 3048:PFP 3018:NAD 2832:PDB 2811:PDB 2790:PDB 2739:PMC 2729:doi 2688:PMC 2680:doi 2639:hdl 2629:doi 2625:111 2587:doi 2534:doi 2530:344 2482:PMC 2472:doi 2418:doi 2414:344 2374:doi 2370:277 2324:doi 2312:305 2276:doi 2272:290 2164:doi 2096:PMC 2086:doi 2082:116 2039:doi 2035:105 1997:PMC 1989:doi 1940:doi 1892:doi 1851:PMC 1841:doi 1783:PMC 1775:doi 1771:122 1729:doi 1725:236 1603:doi 1591:241 1529:TXK 1507:; 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