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meetings and the distribution of suitable literature to make known and advocate its principles, and (2) the holding of great annual or biennial meetings of the whole association, at which its objects and principles are expounded and applied to the circumstances of the Church at the moment. The theses accepted by the general meetings of the association as the result of the discussions on the papers read indicate the theological position of its members.
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159:. Attempts more or less successful have been made from the first to exclude clergymen and professors identified with it from the pulpits and chairs of Berlin and elsewhere, though membership in it involves no legal disqualification for either. One of the objects of the association was to some extent obtained by their organisation of the
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and to autocratic interference with the Church on the part of either political or ecclesiastical authorities, efforts to induce the laity to claim and exercise their privileges as members of the Church, the assertion of the right of the clergy, laity and both lay and clerical professors to search for
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was
Prussian cultus minister, on the basis of parochial and synodal representation, which came into full operation in 1879. But the election for the general synod turned out very unfavourable to the liberal party, and the large orthodox majority endeavoured to use their power against the principles
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Membership in the association is open to all
Germans who are Protestants and declare their willingness to co-operate in promoting its objects. The means used to promote these objects are mainly (I) the formation of local branch associations throughout the country, the duty of which is by lectures,
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both within and without the
Protestant Churches; the promotion of Christian toleration and mutual respect amongst the various confessions; the rousing and nurture of the Christian life and of all Christian works necessary for the moral strength and prosperity of the nation. These objects include
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are not prescribed by the letter of
Scripture, but a fundamental requirement of Protestantism is free inquiry in and about the Scriptures. The attempt to limit the freedom of theological inquiry and teaching in the universities is a violation of the vital principle of Protestantism. Only such
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can satisfy the religious necessities of this age as fully recognise the idea of his humanity and place in history. The higher reason only has unconditional authority, and the Bible must justify itself before its tribunal; we find the history of divine
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The following may serve as illustrations: The creeds of the
Protestant Church shut the doors on the past only, but open them for advance in the future; it is immoral and contrary to true Protestantism to require subscription to them. The limits of the
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and other members of it in favour of a people's church on purely dissenting and extremely advanced theological principles. This difficulty has continued, and the extreme
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258:(church party), which in German Protestantism is a group nominating candidates in a list for church council and synodal elections and compares roughly to
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and its fulfilment in the Bible alone, and reason bids us regard the Bible as the only authority and canon in matters of religious belief.
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The more special objects of the association are the following: the development of the
Churches on the basis of a representative
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In 1882 the position of the association was rendered still more difficult by the agitation in Berlin of Dr
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in which the laity shall enjoy their full rights; the promotion of a federation of all the
Churches in one
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The formation of the association at once provoked fierce and determined opposition on the part of the
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Der deutsche
Protestantenverein in seinen Statuten und den Thesen seiner Hauptversammiungen 1865-1882
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and proclaim freely the truth in independence of the creeds and the letter of
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242:. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 472–473.
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of the country in harmony with the advance of culture and on the basis of
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but of those who were prepared to go some distance in the direction of a
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200:
Herzog-Haucks
Realencyklopädie für protestantische Theologie und Kirche
187:. There are now about 25,000 members in the 20 branches of the Verein.
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taken up by some leaders has alienated the sympathy not only of the
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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of the various German states, amongst whom were the statesmen
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in 1863 by a number of distinguished clergymen and laymen of
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the general object of which was to promote the union (
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278:Non-profit organisations based in Germany
58:, representing the freer parties of the
22:Allgemeiner Deutscher Protestantenverein
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168:and the members of the association.
283:History of Protestantism in Germany
161:Evangelical State Church in Prussia
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293:1945 disestablishments in Germany
194:(Wiesbaden, 1868, 2nd ed. 1871);
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198:(Berlin, 1883); P. Wehlhorn in
155:of the Church, particularly in
36:) and progress of the various
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139:conceptions of the person of
117:opposition to the claims of
26:Deutscher Protestantenverein
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262:in the Church of Sweden.
254:The liberal party was a
28:; DPV) was a society in
239:Encyclopædia Britannica
114:hierarchical tendencies
177:rationalist position
112:; resistance to all
106:system of government
41:established Churches
136:freedom of teaching
74:and the professors
234:Protestantenverein
56:liberal tendencies
50:It was founded at
18:Protestantenverein
260:nominating groups
190:See D. Schenkel,
153:orthodox sections
64:Reformed Churches
52:Frankfurt am Main
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185:liberal theology
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206:(July 1909).
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84:D. Schenkel
272:Categories
210:References
146:revelation
68:Bluntschli
38:Protestant
124:Scripture
99:parochial
92:F. Hitzig
173:Kalthoff
60:Lutheran
227::
165:Dr Falk
103:synodal
30:Germany
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157:Berlin
34:Verein
163:when
141:Jesus
119:Rome
101:and
90:and
70:and
62:and
16:The
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24:or
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20:(
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