48:
253:
attracting missionaries to
Jamaica. Missionaries wanted to transform slave society and improve social conditions. Protestant missionaries aimed to integrate Christianity with slavery. Planters did not want their slaves converted to Christianity. Converting slaves threatened the social order. Missionaries and slaves challenged the planter's visions of Christianity. To planters, Christianity was a sign of mastery and freedom. Protestantism was defined in legal and ethnic terms, as religion was bound to ethnic identity and freedom. Slaves becoming Christian challenged this. To slaves, Christianity was a way to access knowledge and power. Informed slaves were a threat to planters.
282:. He was a minister of the revivalist Jamaica Native Baptist Free Church from 1889 to 1921 and a religious figure who provided leadership for the oppressed. Bedward was both a religious and political figure and connected religion with nationalism. Bedward was a leader in a black-based religious movement that played an enormous historical role in attaining certain civil rights for blacks. Bedward and his followers rose up against racial discrimination, injustice, and the tyranny of colonial rule to improve the lives of the black majority.
39:. The full list is below. Most of the Caribbean is Catholic; Jamaica's Protestantism is a legacy of missionaries that came to the island in the 18th and 19th centuries. Missionaries attempted to convert slaves to varying Protestant denominations of Moravians, Baptists, Methodists, and Presbyterians to name a few. As missionaries worked to convert slaves, African traditions mixed with the religion brought over by Europeans. Protestantism was associated with
56:
244:
clashed with the plantocracy who were at the top of
Jamaican society. The planters feared missionaries because their work threatened planter's livelihood and status. If missionaries taught slaves how to read and write, they were providing slaves with tools that could help them rebel against the planter class.
314:
The church plays a large role in society and people look to the church for relief. Churches co-operate to provide services to society like school and health services. Some of these programs are sex education or marriage guidance. Baptists are a denomination that focus on social services. Baptists are
261:
Religion and protest were closely intertwined in resistance and liberation among colonial people. Evangelical religion became a channel of protest, rebellion, and reform in
Jamaica. Rebellions were seen as watershed moments for modern Jamaica. Two major rebellions were the slave rebellion in 1831 led
206:
was a former slave from
Georgia who made his way to Jamaica. He was recognized as the first successful venture of Christianity among the enslaved in Jamaica. He began Baptist work on the island in the mid-eighteenth century, meaning he was in Jamaica before English and Anglo-American missionaries. At
201:
Prior to white missionaries, George Liele was the first successful venture that spread
Christianity to the enslaved in Jamaica. White missionaries from Europe or North America were not the only attempts to provide religion to the slave population of Jamaica. African Americans also played a role in
243:
There was not necessarily a positive response to missionaries in
Jamaica. Missionaries tried to transform society and help slaves, but they ultimately failed because they did not attempt to understand African culture and were intolerant to the local culture they came into contact with. They also
252:
By the end of the 19th century more than half of the slave population adopted
Christianity. There was a need for Africans who were enslaved to form a cohesive worldview and culture to help make sense of their lives on plantations, and religion allowed them to do this. Slavery was a main factor
214:
Europeans began to bring their religion to the enslaved in
Jamaica starting in the 18th century. Europeans were galvanized to come to the Caribbean by political and religious motives. The English wanted to challenge the Spanish monopoly and influence of Catholicism in the Caribbean. Northern
223:
In the 18th and 19th centuries white missionaries arrived in
Jamaica and brought about conflicting world-views. European Protestant missionaries brought an evangelical Christianity to Jamaica. They emphasized preaching, instruction and observable response in word, moral behavior, and church
211:. As Liele and his Baptist followers were spreading out across Jamaica, laws were passed to restrict Black Baptist leaders from preaching, teaching slaves how to read and write, as well as from having gatherings because authorities believed these kinds of activities could lead to revolts.
270:
in 1865. The Morant Bay
Rebellion aimed to get better wages and land for freed people. These rebellions were part of Baptist resistance that was present from the 1780s until the 1860s. Each rebellion led to significant changes in Jamaican politics and were led by leaders of the
215:
Europeans such as the English and Dutch wanted to break through the political and economic stronghold of Spain and open new territories to spread their faith. The English believed they had a moral responsibility to spread their religion in their colonies.
310:
being the five largest. Competition exists among churches to gain or retain membership. This competition is part of the legacy of missionaries in Jamaica. Missionaries created competition and distrust because they competed for followers.
175:
The Seventh-day Adventist Church is the largest denomination on the island with a membership of approximately 290,000 members followed by the New Testament Church of God with a membership of approximately 120,000 members.
240:. Missionaries were identified with slaves and helped serve their needs. They were a catalyst in transforming slave societies. They taught slaves how to read and write and worked to attract slaves to the word of God.
315:
not as strict in correct belief and behavior as other denominations. Instead, Baptists in Jamaica tend to focus on the church in everyday life like health issues, material resources, and social relationships.
43:
in Jamaica, aiming to improve the lives of blacks who were governed by a white minority during colonial times. Today, Protestantism plays an important role in society by providing services to people in need.
19:
is the dominant religion in Jamaica. Protestants make up about 65% percent of the population. The five largest denominations in Jamaica are: The New Testament Church of God which is a part
546:
Satchell, Veront (January 1, 2004). "Early Stirrings of Black Nationalism in Colonial Jamaica: Alexander Bedward of the Jamaica Native Baptist Free Church 1889--1921".
817:
126:
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adherence. Missionaries also brought ideas about abolition of slavery. Some of the missionary churches that led the struggle for the abolition of slavery were the
850:
665:
47:
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911:
797:
156:
20:
807:
812:
1096:
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Today Jamaica has more churches per square kilometer than anywhere else in the world. There are many different denominations, with the
207:
the time Liele was working with slave communities, he was met with opposition from established groups such as the state church and the
981:
777:
1122:
1117:
843:
658:
1091:
1021:
588:
Watson, Roxanne (July 1, 2008). "The Native Baptist Church's Political Role in Jamaica: Alexander Bedward's Trial for Sedition".
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Nevius, Jim (2002). "In the Spirit-A Review of Four Books on Religion in Jamaica during Pre to Post Emancipation Era".
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Lawes, Marvia (2008). "A Historical Evaluation of Jamaica Baptists: A Spirituality of Resistance".
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275:(234). These rebellions took place during periods of intensified revivalist church movements.
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40:
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Christian Slavery: Protestant Missions and Slave Conversion in the Atlantic World, 1660-1760
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One of the first major figures in Black Nationalism in Jamaica was the preacher
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690:
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116:
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36:
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There are also several church-operated educational systems including a
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There are also several church-operated educational systems including a
28:
643:
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54:
46:
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570:
Tongues of Fire: The Explosion of Protestantism in Latin America
832:
647:
607:
Olsen, Ted (1999). "The Island of Too Many Churches".
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Jay, E.H. (1962). "The Christian Church in Jamaica".
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442:Religion and Society in Post-Emancipation Jamaica
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8:
421:Caribbean Religious History: An Introduction
202:spreading the Protestant faith in Jamaica.
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532:(PhD dissertation). Harvard University.
417:Edmonds and Gonzalez, E &M (2010).
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803:Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee)
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21:Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee)
257:Protestantism and Black Nationalism
51:Hampden Church (Church of Scotland)
472:10.1111/j.1758-6631.1962.tb03557.x
14:
783:Church of God (Anderson, Indiana)
972:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
590:The Journal of Caribbean History
548:The Journal of Caribbean History
526:Gerbner, Katharine Reid (2013).
460:International Review of Missions
425:. New York: NYU Press. pp.
859:Protestantism in North America
1128:Protestantism in the Caribbean
502:10.1080/00086495.2002.11672162
1:
624:"Jamaica Religion | Caribya!"
324:Northern Caribbean University
186:Northern Caribbean University
1097:United States Virgin Islands
100:New Testament Church of God
1144:
1072:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
763:
745:
681:
361:"Jamaican Census Figures"
344:"Adventist Atlas Jamaica"
320:Seventh-day Adventist one
248:Slavery and Protestantism
182:Seventh-day Adventist one
1123:Protestantism by country
1118:Protestantism in Jamaica
1092:Turks and Caicos Islands
391:10.1558/blth2008v6i3.366
60:Phillippo Baptist Church
609:Christianity Today, Inc
1022:British Virgin Islands
568:Martin, David (1993).
62:
52:
962:Saint Kitts and Nevis
813:Seventh-day Adventist
296:Seventh-day Adventist
273:Native Baptist Church
84:Seventh-day Adventist
58:
50:
25:Seventh-day Adventist
572:. Oxford: Blackwell.
268:Morant Bay Rebellion
977:Trinidad and Tobago
872:Antigua and Barbuda
675:Religion in Jamaica
490:Caribbean Quarterly
322:which incorporates
286:Protestantism Today
184:which incorporates
76:Other Church of God
912:Dominican Republic
63:
53:
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994:other territories
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788:Jehovah's Witness
440:Stewart, Robert.
280:Alexander Bedward
209:Church of England
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147:Plymouth Brethren
137:Jehovah's Witness
41:black nationalism
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1062:Saint Barthélemy
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1027:Cayman Islands
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466:(204): 471–8.
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379:Black Theology
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982:United States
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818:United Church
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755:Protestantism
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385:(3): 366–92.
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292:Church of God
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127:United Church
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67:
66:
61:
57:
49:
45:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
18:
17:Protestantism
1087:Sint Maarten
1067:Saint Martin
941:
754:
696:Christianity
631:. Retrieved
627:
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608:
602:
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496:(4): 71–81.
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441:
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420:
382:
378:
338:
317:
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289:
277:
260:
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219:Missionaries
213:
204:George Liele
200:
178:
174:
68:Denomination
15:
1057:Puerto Rico
967:Saint Lucia
917:El Salvador
808:Pentecostal
750:Catholicism
698:(see below)
628:caribya.com
304:Pentecostal
33:Pentecostal
1112:Categories
1052:Montserrat
1047:Martinique
1042:Guadeloupe
897:Costa Rica
691:Bedwardism
633:2017-04-07
330:References
264:Sam Sharpe
234:Methodists
1037:Greenland
952:Nicaragua
927:Guatemala
793:Methodist
737:Rastafari
510:147284729
399:144946912
226:Moravians
117:Methodist
1002:Anguilla
937:Honduras
907:Dominica
882:Barbados
798:Moravian
778:Brethren
768:Anglican
707:Hinduism
702:Convince
622:IIWINC.
308:Anglican
266:and the
230:Baptists
157:Moravian
108:Anglican
37:Anglican
1032:Curaçao
1017:Bonaire
1012:Bermuda
942:Jamaica
922:Grenada
877:Bahamas
773:Baptist
717:Judaism
300:Baptist
197:Origins
192:History
92:Baptist
29:Baptist
957:Panama
947:Mexico
892:Canada
887:Belize
722:Kumina
686:Bahá'Ă
508:
397:
306:, and
236:, and
169:61.3%
79:21.2%
1007:Aruba
932:Haiti
732:Obeah
712:Islam
506:S2CID
429:–222.
395:S2CID
166:Total
161:1.1%
151:1.2%
141:1.6%
131:2.7%
121:2.7%
111:5.5%
103:8.8%
95:7.6%
87:9.0%
71:Size
1077:Saba
902:Cuba
727:Myal
35:and
498:doi
468:doi
387:doi
262:by
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
