2823:, born to an absent Spanish father and a Criolla mother. Not only was she highly intelligent, but also self-educated, having studied in her wealthy grandfather's library. Sor Juana as a woman was barred from entering formal education. She pleaded with her mother to let her masculinize her appearance and attend university under a male guise. After the Vicereine Leonor Carreto took Sor Juana under her wing, the Viceroy, the Marquis de Mancera, provided Sor Juana with the chance to prove her intelligence. She exceeded all expectations, and legitimized by the vice-regal court, established a reputation for herself as an intellectual.
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Moreover, not men alone, but women too, have a natural inclination toward virtue and the capacity for acquiring it, and it is the nature of women no less than men to be pleased by good and just acts and to reject the opposite of these. If this is true, by what reasoning would it ever be appropriate for men to search out and consider how they may lead good lives, which is exactly the study of philosophy, but inappropriate for women?"
2048:
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indicted for encouraging an attack on a prison at
Maidstone in Kent, and another was responsible for robbing a multitude of mansions, which left servants too scared to return afterwards. Although there were only a small number of female leaders involved in the Peasants' Revolt, there were surprising numbers of women among the rebels, including 70 in
3110:. However, women received mixed messages, for there was also a strident backlash and even self-deprecation by some women writers in response. They were also subjected to conflicting social pressures: fewer opportunities for work outside the home, and education that sometimes reinforced the social order as much as inspired independent thinking.
3102:(1651–1695), advanced the education of women in her essay "Reply to Sor Philotea". By the end of the 17th century women's voices were becoming increasingly heard at least by educated women. Literature in the last decades of the century was sometimes referred to as the "Battle of the Sexes", and was often surprisingly polemic, such as
2453:, Katherina is seen as unmarriageable for her headstrong, outspoken nature, unlike her mild sister Bianca. She is seen as a wayward shrew who needs taming into submission. Once tamed, she readily goes when Petruchio summons her. Her submission is applauded; she is accepted as a proper woman, now "conformable to other household Kates."
2483:, Renaissance Europe saw the publication of numerous treatises on witches: their essence, their features, and ways to spot, prosecute and punish them. This helped to reinforce and perpetuate the view of women as dangerous, morally corrupt sinners who sought to corrupt men, and to retain the restrictions placed on them.
2218:. This was especially the case for learned and scholarly families, who wanted to ensure the highest possible education for both their sons and daughters. However, some men did not approve of this practice, such as Muhammad ibn al-Hajj (died 1336), who was appalled by women speaking in loud voices and exposing their
2381:. The women involved had valid reasons for desiring to be so and on occasions taking a leading role. The 1380 poll tax was tougher on married women, so it is unsurprising that some women were as violent as men in their involvement. Their acts of violence signified mounting hatred for the government.
2273:
In
Christian Medieval Europe, the dominant view was that women were intellectually and morally weaker than men, having been tainted by the original sin of Eve as described in biblical tradition. This was used to justify many limits placed on women, such as not being allowed to own property, or being
2150:
Are dogs divided into hes and shes, or do they both share equally in hunting and in keeping watch and in the other duties of dogs? Or do we entrust to the males the entire and exclusive care of the flocks, while we leave the females at home, under the idea that the bearing and suckling their puppies
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wrote, "While you live in these times when learning has so far decayed that it is regarded as positively miraculous to meet a learned man, let alone a woman." Bruni himself thought women had no need of education because they were not engaged in social forums for which such discourse was needed. In
2249:(The Distinguished Jurist's Primer) he added that such duties could include participation in warfare and expressed discontent with the fact that women in his society were typically limited to being mothers and wives. Several women are said to have taken part in battles or helped in them during the
2826:
For reasons still debated, Sor Juana became a nun. While in the convent, she became a controversial figure, advocating recognition of women theologians, criticizing the patriarchal and colonial structures of the Church, and publishing her own writing, in which she set herself as an authority. Sor
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that are still anthologized. She was seen as having talent without a woman's weakness, industry with a man's perseverance, and the body of a weak and feeble woman, but the heart and stomach of a king. The only way she could be seen as a good ruler was through manly qualities. Being a powerful and
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argues that women often had the strongest desire to participate in revolts, including the
Peasants' Revolt. They did all that men did, and were just as violent in rebelling against the government, if not more so. Ferrour was not the only female leader of the Peasants' Revolt; one Englishwoman was
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For why should the subtleties of... a thousand... rhetorical conundra consume the powers of a woman, who never sees the forum? The contests of the forum, like those of warfare and battle, are the sphere of men. Hers is not the task of learning to speak for and against witnesses, for and against
2169:
entitled one of his 21 Discourses "That Women Too Should Study
Philosophy", in which he argues for equal education of women in philosophy: "If you ask me what doctrine produces such an education, I shall reply that as without philosophy no man would be properly educated, so no woman would be.
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Since her rediscovery in the 1600s by Conrad Celtis, Hrotsvitha has become a source of particular interest and study for feminists, who have begun to place her work in a feminist context, some arguing that while
Hrotsvitha was not a feminist, that she is important to the history of feminism.
2392:, a German secular canoness, was born about 935 and died about 973. Her work is still seen as important, as she was the first female writer from the German lands, the first female historian, and apparently the first person since antiquity to write dramas in the Latin West.
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defined a woman: she was whom she married. Till marriage she remained her father's property. Each had few rights beyond privileges granted by a husband or father. She was expected to be chaste, obedient, pleasant, gentle, submissive, and unless sweet-spoken, silent. In
2931:
3000:– cultural gathering places of the upper-class intelligentsia – which were run by women and in which they took part as artists. But while women gained salon membership, they stayed in the background, writing "but not for ". Despite their limited role in the salons,
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together laid the groundwork for feminist theory in the 17th century. No woman would speak out as strongly again for another century. In historical accounts, Astell is often overshadowed by her younger and more colourful friend and correspondent
3044:, one of the first English women to earn her living as a writer, who was influential as a novelist, playwright and political propagandist. Although successful in her lifetime, Behn was often vilified as "unwomanly" by 18th-century writers like
3052:. Likewise, the 19th-century critic Julia Kavanagh said that "instead of raising man to woman's moral standards sank to the level of man's courseness." Not until the 20th century would Behn gain a wider readership and critical acceptance.
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were among some of the first women to adopt male rhetoric styles to rectify the inferior social context for women. Men at the time also recognised that certain women intellectuals had possibilities, and began writing their biographies, as
2158:
states that women in Plato's ideal state should work alongside men, receive equal education, and share equally in all aspects of the state. The sole exception involved women working in capacities which required less physical strength.
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and others who preceded her. She was certainly among the earliest feminist writers in
English, whose analyses remain relevant today, and who moved beyond earlier writers by instituting educational institutions for women. Astell and
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and forced to move to their settlements to serve them and bear children. Juliana poisoned her
Spaniard master and boasted of her actions to her peers, ending up executed as a warning to other indigenous women not to do the same.
2748:. The figure of the India Juliana has been reclaimed as a foremother by Paraguayan academics and activists as part of a process of "recovery of feminist and women's genealogies" in South America, intended to move away from the
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fought to belie such literary misogyny through defenses of women in biographical work and the exoneration of Eve. She made a space for women's voice in this time period, being regarded as a female intellectual. Similarly,
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obliged to obey fathers or husbands at all times. This view and curbs derived from it were disputed even in medieval times. Medieval
European protofeminists recognized as important to the development of feminism include
2188:
While in the pre-modern period there was no formal feminist movement in
Islamic nations, there were a number of important figures who spoke for improving women's rights and autonomy. The medieval mystic and philosopher
235:
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salons that held intelligent debate and lectures did not allow women. This exclusion from public forums led to problems for educated women. Despite these constraints, many women were capable voices of new ideas.
147:
2602:. She and her sisters were educated to male standards, and four out of five became professional painters. Sofonisba was the most successful of all, crowning her career as court painter to the Spanish king
2789:
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simultaneously." Several feminist groups, schools, libraries and centers for the promotion of women in
Paraguay are named after her, and she is "carried as a banner" in the annual demonstrations of
2435:
because she bore him sons, in the same way as one tolerated the noise of geese because they produce eggs and chicks. This analogy perpetuated the claim that a woman's sole role was reproduction.
2954:, carried over into gender equality and so had political implications. Leveller women mounted demonstrations and petitions for equal rights, although dismissed by the authorities of the day.
2136:, according to Elaine Hoffman Baruch, " for the total political and sexual equality of women, advocating that they be members of his highest class... those who rule and fight." Book five of
2623:
re-imagined the role of women in society and argued that education is a right for all humans and going so far as to say that women were at fault for not seizing their educational rights.
230:
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and prayer books suddenly became necessary to all, including women and girls. Protestant communities started to set up schools where ordinary boys and girls were taught basic literacy.
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Aristocratic women had greater chances of receiving an education, but it was not impossible for lower-class women to become literate. A woman named Margherita, living during the
152:
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Discours Execrable Des Sorciers: Ensemble leur Procez, faits depuis 2. ans en çà , en diuers endroicts de la France. Avec une instruction pour un Juge, en faict de Sorcelerie..
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became known protofeminists. However, they encountered hostility, as shown by the experiences of Cavendish and of Wroth, whose work was unpublished until the 20th century.
269:
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2574:, learned to read and write at the age of about 30, so there would be no mediator for the letters exchanged between her and her husband. Although Margherita defied
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in eras when the feminist concept as such was still unknown. This refers particularly to times before the 20th century, although the precise usage is disputed, as
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was the first to join a humanist gentleman's club, declaring that womanhood was a point of pride and equality of the sexes was essential. Other women including
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praised her: "All women together ought to let flowers fall upon the grave of Aphra Behn... for it was she who earned them the right to speak their minds."
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Women who received an education often reached high standards of learning and wrote in defence of women and their rights. An example is the 16th-century
2578:, she became literate not to become a more enlightened person, but to be a better wife by gaining the ability to communicate with her husband directly.
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provided new chances for women in the arts, which they used to advance their cause. Yet female playwrights encountered similar hostility, including
906:
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In general, though, women who preached or expressed opinions on religion were in danger of being suspected of lunacy or witchcraft, and many, like
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Today, the India Juliana is regarded as an early feminist and a symbol of women's liberation, and her figure is of special interest for Paraguayan
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arguing that women had a right to education, and encouraged and popularized education for women in England in her time as Henry VIII's wife.
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on equality between the sexes, concluded that while men were stronger, it was still possible for women to perform the same duties as men. In
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Some Protestants no longer saw women as weak and evil sinners, but as worthy companions of men needing education to become capable wives.
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The invention of the Renaissance woman: the challenge of female independence in the literature and thought of Italy and England
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Juana also advocated for universal education and language rights. Not only did she contribute to the historic discourse of the
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Butler, Colleen (2016). "Queering The Classics: Gender, Genre, and Reception In The Works of Hrotsvit of Gandersheim".
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torture, for and against reputation.... She will, in a word, leave the rough-and-tumble of the forum entirely to men."
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Mary Astell is often described as the first feminist writer, although this ignores the intellectual debt she owed to
2773:
2927:, who was burned at the stake for heresy, died "for their implicit or explicit challenge to the patriarchal order".
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Eileen H. Botting and Sarah L. Houser, "Drawing the Line of Equality: Hannah Mather Crocker on Women's Rights".
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argued against the idea that women should stay silent. The previous year saw publication of an anonymous tract,
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1989:
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Lerner, Gerda. "Religion and the creation of feminist consciousness". Harvard Divinity Bulletin November 2002
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Hakim, Souad (2002), "Ibn 'ArabĂ®'s Twofold Perception of Woman: Woman as Human Being and Cosmic Principle",
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did. The modern scholar Diana Robin outlined the history of intellectual women as a long and noble lineage.
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Belo, Catarina (2009). "Some Considerations on Averroes' Views Regarding Women and Their Role in Society".
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Evelyn Gordon Bodek, "Salonnières and Bluestockings: Educated Obsolescence and Germinating Feminism",
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At the beginning of the renaissance, women's sole role and social value was held to be reproduction.
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4769:""Die Rose der Freyheit": eine radikal-feministische Streitschrift von "Camilla" aus dem Jahre 1693"
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and the Cooke sisters gained recognition as scholars by making important translating contributions.
4687:
Angeline Goreau, "Aphra Behn: A scandal to modesty (c. 1640–1689)", in Spender, op. cit., pp. 8–27.
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Elaine Hoffman Baruch, "Women in Men's Utopias", in Ruby Rohrlich and Elaine Hoffman Baruch, eds.,
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Allatson, Paul (2004). "A Shadowy Sequence: Chicana Textual/Sexual Reinventions of Sor Juana".
2366:, was beheaded by rebels after Katherine Gamen untied the boat he planned on escaping them in.
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Frankforter, A. Daniel (February 1979). "Hroswitha of Gandersheim and the Destiny of Women".
2985:, who depicted women's changing roles and pleaded for their education. In Sweden, women like
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4030:"Relatos sobre la India Juliana. Entre la construcciĂłn de la memoria y la ficciĂłn histĂłrica"
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between 1538 and 1542. She was one of the many indigenous women who were handed over to the
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Marie de France has an entry in Virginia Blain, Patricia Clements and Isobel Grundy, eds,
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argued that while men were favored over women as prophets, women were just as capable of
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2567:, meant in some ways being male – a perception that limited women's potential as women.
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2509:, at the turn of the 15th century. An notable male advocate of women's superiority was
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states, "The first time we see a woman take up her pen in defense of her sex" was when
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3196:, pp. 209, n1, and 211. Plato supporting "child care" so that women could be soldiers.
2354:, for his involvement with the taxes. Ferrour also participated in the looting of the
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2780:. According to the researcher Silvia Tieffemberg, her revenge "crossed ethnic and
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Yet not all agreed with this negative view of women and the restrictions on them.
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3382:
Banking on Baghdad: Inside Iraq's 7,000 Year History of War, Profit, and Conflict
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2982:
2950:, rather than orthodoxy. Religious egalitarianism, such as that embraced by the
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Unsurprisingly, therefore, most women were barely educated. In a letter to Lady
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558:
404:
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A. H. Upman, "English femmes savantes at the end of the seventeenth century",
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3091:(Rose of Freedom), whose author denounced male dominance and abuse of women.
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377:
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Persecution and Pluralism: Calvinists and Religious Minorities in Early....
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Bridenthal, Renate; Koonz, Claudia; Mosher Stuard, Susan (1 January 1987).
3635:
Bridenthal, Renate; Koonz, Claudia; Mosher Stuard, Susan (1 January 1987).
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Bridenthal, Renate; Koonz, Claudia; Mosher Stuard, Susan (1 January 1987).
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The birth of feminism: woman as intellect in renaissance Italy and England
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give women greater freedom of expression. Noted feminist writers included
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rested on believers' direct interaction with God, the ability to read the
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2725:
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Pensar América desde sus colonias: Textos e imágenes de América colonial
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The Cooke sisters: Education, piety and politics in early modern England
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was a milestone in the development of women's rights and education. As
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Routledge research companion to the works of Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz
2423:
This gender role defined a woman's main identity and purpose in life.
4369:
4154:
2210:
4650:
Joan Kinnaird, "Mary Astell: Inspired by ideas" in D. Spender, ed.,
4127:
2912:. This gave prominence to some female ministers and writers such as
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and beheaded by the rebels. Leading the group that executed him was
2322:
in which English women played prominent roles. On 14 June 1381, the
3473:"Hrotsvitha of Gandersheim – The Most Remarkable Women of her Time"
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in the presence of men while listening to the recitation of books.
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2695:
2671:
2408:
2262:
2220:
2201:
2137:
2133:
4590:, ed. Josephine A. Roberts, ed. Louisiana State University, 1983.
3079:, the first printed publication by a woman appeared in 1694: in
2233:
2194:
4438:
Delis, Maria (2007). "De la Cruz, Sor Juana Inés (1648–1695)".
2957:
The 17th century also saw more women writers emerging, such as
2790:
International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women
2104:
are often subsumed into "feminism". The usefulness of the term
3095:
4475:
The weaker vessel: Women's lot in seventeenth century England
2108:
has been questioned by some modern scholars, as has the term
4236:
Kennett, Frances (May 2003). "Sor Juana and the Guadalupe".
2540:
argued that aristocratic women at least required education.
3075:, who attacked misogyny and promoted women's education. In
2342:, who ordered his execution in response to Sudbury's harsh
4486:
Sherrin Marshall-Wyatt, "Women in the Reformation Era" in
3004:
saw them as a "threat to the 'natural' dominance of men".
4321:"The Political Aesthetics of Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz",
2938:
In France and England, feminist ideas were attributes of
4128:"Martina Chapanay y los elementos de feminismo práctico"
3680:
3678:
2831:, but she has also been recognized as a protofeminist,
4204:(eBook) (in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Editorial Biblos.
4099:"India Juliana protagoniza nuevo libro de historietas"
3028:
Relaxation of social values and secularization in the
2598:(c. 1532–1625) was born into an enlightened family in
4619:, Syracuse: State University of New York, 1985, p. 4.
4391:
Bergmann, Emilie L.; Schlau, Stacey (28 April 2017).
4323:
The Politics and Poetics of Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz
2869:
after his death. She also wrote two feminist essays:
4563:"British Women's Emancipation Since the Renaissance"
4201:
Nuevo diccionario de estudios de género y feminismos
3445:"Peasants' Revolt: The time when women took up arms"
4727:
4725:
4170:"Heroica: Remeras con historia y valentĂa femenina"
4285:
3168:European Feminisms, 1700–1950: A Political History
4773:Jahrbuch der Historischen Gesellschaft GraubĂĽnden
3804:Spencer, Anna Garlin and Mitchell Kennerly, eds.
2431:humanists, said that he tolerated his first wife
2427:, a well-known exemplar of the love of wisdom to
4060:"La india Juliana: el enemigo dentro de la casa"
3438:
3436:
3434:
3749:
3747:
3426:The Feminist Companion to Literature in English
4066:(in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Editorial Biblos.
3946:"The protestant education in the 16th century"
2752:vision. The same has happened in Ecuador with
2214:in order to transmit religious texts like the
4325:, Routledge, 3 March 2016, pp. 103–109,
2819:in the 17th century. She was an illegitimate
2358:by the rebels, stealing a chest of gold. The
2070:
8:
4719:. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers UP, 1997, p. 4.
4503:K. Thomas, "Women and the Civil War Sects",
3994:Colmán Gutiérrez, Andrés (5 December 2020).
3170:, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2000.
4488:Becoming visible: Women in European history
4440:Encyclopedia of Activism and Social Justice
4198:Gamba, Susana B.; Diz, Tania, eds. (2021).
4028:Schvartzman, Gabriela (19 September 2020).
3860:(1 ed.). Manchester University Press.
3781:Becoming Visible: Women in European History
3756:Feminism: The Essential Historical Writings
3638:Becoming Visible: Women in European History
3605:Becoming Visible: Women in European History
3533:"Hrotsvitha - Name's Meaning of Hrotsvitha"
3260:Journal of the Muhyiddin Ibn 'Arabi Society
2996:Seventeenth-century France saw the rise of
2852:Nonconformism, protectorate and restoration
4662:
4660:
4423:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2077:
2063:
1890:
1262:
1192:
962:African-American women's suffrage movement
294:
52:
18:
4800:Journal of English and Germanic Philology
4053:
4051:
2515:The Superior Excellence of Women Over Men
4519:by Richard Bonney and David J. B. Trim.
4193:
4191:
3989:
3987:
3985:
3983:
3314:Daily Life in the Medieval Islamic World
3280:Daily Life in the Medieval Islamic World
2859:(1565–1645) edited the third edition of
2346:. She also ordered the beheading of the
907:Discrimination against transgender women
4107:(in Spanish). AsunciĂłn. 31 October 2020
3883:. Pennsylvania State University Press.
3662:Shakespeare, William (1 January 1898).
3179:Margaret Ferguson, "Feminism in time".
3130:
2017:
1893:
1330:
437:
354:
170:
133:
100:
30:
4494:, eds., Houghton-Mifflin, Boston 1977.
4416:
3816:
3814:
3641:. Houghton Mifflin. pp. 159–160.
3514:
3503:
2208:wrote that women could study and earn
4351:
4349:
4279:
4277:
4275:
4168:Santos, Natalia (25 September 2021).
4138:(34). Buenos Aires: Arkho Ediciones.
4023:
4021:
4019:
3597:
3595:
3593:
3557:
3555:
3553:
3495:
3493:
2720:woman who lived in the newly-founded
2548:, who read Latin and Greek and wrote
2460:of Montefeltro in 1424, the humanist
2092:is a concept that anticipates modern
7:
4775:: 85–174 – via e-periodica.ch.
2885:(On the equality of the two sexes).
2582:Learned women in Early Modern Europe
4668:Feminism: A Very Short Introduction
4617:French Feminism in the 19th Century
4550:French Feminism in the 19th Century
4288:The library: an illustrated history
3443:Hogenboom, Melissa (14 June 2012).
3384:, John Wiley and Sons, p. 34,
3157:. New Haven: Yale University Press.
2658:Women in the Protestant Reformation
2162:In the first century CE, the Roman
3576:10.1111/j.1540-6563.1979.tb00548.x
3040:. The most influential of all was
2900:, Katherine Evans, Sarah Chevers,
14:
4787:Sor. Respuesta a Sor Filotea 1691
4757:. NY: Penguin Books, 1989, p. 71.
3784:. Houghton Mifflin. p. 160.
3608:. Houghton Mifflin. p. 167.
3428:(London: Batsford, 1990), p. 741.
3139:American Political Science Review
2503:(Epistle to the God of Love) and
2360:Chief Justice of the King's Bench
2241:, commenting on Plato's views in
3967:"Women in the Protestant reform"
3823:Feminism and Renaissance studies
3471:Sack, Harald (6 February 2019).
3214:. Translated by Jowett, Benjamin
3155:The Grounding of Modern Feminism
2046:
1578:Democratic Republic of the Congo
917:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
38:
3808:. NY: Forum Publications, 1912.
4632:3, Spring–Summer 1976, p. 185.
4292:. New York, NY: Skyhorse Pub.
4036:(in Spanish). AsunciĂłn: Atycom
3996:"En busca de la India Juliana"
3879:Joseph Benson, Pamela (1992).
3806:The Drama of a Woman of Genius
3758:, Vintage Books, p. xiv,
3234:"Musonius: The Roman Socrates"
3094:In the New World, the Mexican
2920:in Quakerism's early decades.
2888:The 17th century saw many new
2506:The Book of the City of Ladies
2010:Women's suffrage organizations
1:
4717:The Secret Life of Aphra Behn
2969:, Duchess of Newcastle, Lady
2879:François Poullain de la Barre
2871:The Equality of Men and Women
2708:Juliana, better known as the
2306:Women in the Peasants' Revolt
2146:discusses the role of women:
4641:Claire Moses Goldberg, p. 4.
4058:Tieffemberg, Silvia (2020).
3916:. Harvard University Press.
3912:Ross, Sarah Gwyneth (2009).
3721:de Beauvoir, Simone (1989),
2416:lecturing to a group of men.
1995:Suffragists and suffragettes
1925:American feminist literature
4813:The Gentlewoman's Companion
4670:. Oxford University, 2005 (
4588:The poems of Lady Mary Roth
3825:. Oxford University Press.
3405:"Women in medieval society"
3108:The Gentlewoman's Companion
2883:De l'Ėgalité des deux sexes
2487:Advocating women's learning
2151:is labour enough for them?
1235:Views on transgender topics
1225:Views on sexual orientation
4857:
4448:10.4135/9781412956215.n245
4442:. SAGE Publications, Inc.
4250:10.1177/096673500301100305
3727:, Vintage Books, pp.
3706:Guazzo, Francesco (1608).
3347:Journal of Islamic Studies
3319:Greenwood Publishing Group
3311:Lindsay, James E. (2005),
3285:Greenwood Publishing Group
3277:Lindsay, James E. (2005),
3059:Major feminist writers in
3034:Catherine Trotter Cockburn
2689:
2655:
2511:Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa
2177:
2121:
3194:Women in Search of Utopia
3181:Modern Language Quarterly
3141:(2006), 100, pp. 265–278.
3023:Lady Mary Wortley Montagu
2813:Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz
2806:Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz
2796:Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz
2786:International Women's Day
2592:Modesta di Pozzo di Forzi
2523:, commissioned a book by
2465:the same letter he wrote,
2269:Christian Medieval Europe
2227:In the 12th century, the
2200:In the 12th century, the
2026:Women's rights by country
937:Female genital mutilation
16:Anticipations of feminism
4742:English Women of Letters
4490:, Renate Bridenthal and
4176:. AsunciĂłn: Editorial RD
4126:Rivara, Lautaro (2019).
3670:The Taming of the Shrew.
2839:, and is connected with
2774:MarĂa Remedios del Valle
2772:; and in Argentina with
2700:Modern depiction of the
2681:Spanish colonial America
2559:successful woman in the
2486:
2328:Archbishop of Canterbury
2031:Feminists by nationality
2005:Women's studies journals
2000:Women's rights activists
728:Movements and ideologies
4785:Juana Inés de la Cruz,
4767:Färber, Silvio (2011).
4615:Claire Moses Goldberg,
4606:, London: Penguin 1999.
4548:Claire Goldberg Moses,
4477:. Phoenix, London 1984.
4331:10.4324/9781315554433-6
4284:Murray, Stuart (2009).
3754:Schneir, Miram (1994),
3691:Boguet, Heneri (1603).
3073:Anna Maria van Schurman
3009:Anna Maria van Schurman
2987:Sophia Elisabet Brenner
2646:Jacopo Filippo Tomasini
2555:On Monsieur's Departure
2450:The Taming of the Shrew
2334:, was dragged from the
2129:Ancient Greece and Rome
1419:International relations
290:Intersectional variants
4744:. London, 1863, p. 22.
4004:(in Spanish). AsunciĂłn
3821:Hutson, Lorna (1999).
3708:Compendium maleficarum
3513:Cite journal requires
3081:Glaubens-Rechenschafft
2935:
2815:was a nun in colonial
2809:
2728:, known for killing a
2705:
2501:Épître au Dieu d'Amour
2472:
2417:
2153:
1945:Conservative feminisms
1200:Bicycling and feminism
1176:Women in the workforce
1144:Violence against women
1119:Sexual objectification
1079:Opposition to feminism
346:Vegetarian ecofeminism
4836:Feminism and the arts
3854:Allen, Gemma (2013).
3380:Black, Edwin (2004),
3183:2004/65(1), pp. 7–27.
3100:Juana Ines de la Cruz
3065:Marguerite de Navarre
3002:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
2933:
2904:(a founding Quaker),
2875:The Ladies' Grievance
2803:
2699:
2467:
2412:
2405:Restrictions on women
2305:
2148:
2102:19th-century feminism
2098:18th-century feminism
1975:Feminist rhetoricians
1965:Feminist philosophers
1517:Revisionist mythology
1220:Views on prostitution
1205:Criticism of marriage
900:Children's literature
4831:Feminism and history
3668:. American Book Co.
2724:, in early-colonial
2596:Sofonisba Anguissola
2535:Renaissance humanist
2400:European Renaissance
2280:Eleanor of Aquitaine
2167:Gaius Musonius Rufus
1955:Feminist art critics
1930:Feminist comic books
1887:Lists and categories
1566:By continent/country
1397:Pathways perspective
1280:Gender mainstreaming
1215:Views on pornography
1124:Substantive equality
1104:Reproductive justice
1054:Matriarchal religion
912:Diversity (politics)
853:Political lesbianism
163:Other women's rights
4755:A Room of One's Own
4701:A Room of One's Own
4666:Walters, Margaret.
3665:Taming of the shrew
3120:History of feminism
3030:English Restoration
2861:Michel de Montaigne
2829:Querelle des Femmes
2746:feminist historians
2521:Catherine of Aragon
2481:Malleus Maleficarum
2445:William Shakespeare
2348:Lord High Treasurer
2259:Nusaybah bint Ka'ab
2247:Bidayat al-mujtahid
2229:Islamic philosopher
2124:History of feminism
2053:Feminism portal
1960:Feminist economists
1950:Ecofeminist authors
1755:Trinidad and Tobago
1695:Republic of Ireland
1387:Composition studies
1154:Women's empowerment
1109:Sex workers' rights
1034:Feminist capitalism
1014:Internalized sexism
952:Feminism in culture
65:History of feminism
4536:2008-05-06 at the
3359:10.1093/jis/etn061
3085:Hortensia von Moos
3061:continental Europe
3036:, Mary Manley and
2967:Margaret Cavendish
2936:
2934:Burning of witches
2892:sects such as the
2833:religious feminist
2810:
2808:portrayed in 1772.
2706:
2641:Lucrezia Marinella
2497:Christine de Pizan
2493:Simone de Beauvoir
2479:Starting with the
2475:"Witch literature"
2458:Baptista Maletesta
2418:
2414:Christine de Pizan
2364:Sir John Cavendish
2292:Christine de Pizan
2284:Bettisia Gozzadini
1365:Literary criticism
1230:Views on sexuality
922:Effects on society
890:Complementarianism
870:Women's liberation
625:Religious variants
599:trans-exclusionary
317:Radical lesbianism
4731:Janet Todd, p. 2.
4652:Feminist Theories
4457:978-1-4129-1812-1
4402:978-1-317-04164-1
4340:978-1-315-55443-3
4299:978-1-60239-706-4
4238:Feminist Theology
4211:978-987-691-980-7
4073:978-987-691-787-2
3923:978-0-674-03454-9
3450:BBC News Magazine
3089:Rose der Freyheit
3050:Samuel Richardson
2918:Barbara Blaugdone
2877:(1626). In 1673,
2760:; in the central
2758:Tránsito Amaguaña
2734:Spanish colonists
2565:Queen Elizabeth I
2546:Queen Elizabeth I
2316:peasant rebellion
2296:Jadwiga of Poland
2288:Nicola de la Haye
2164:Stoic philosopher
2087:
2086:
2038:
2037:
1557:
1556:
1547:womanist theology
1490:Political ecology
1321:Écriture féminine
1248:
1247:
1139:Triple oppression
1129:Toxic masculinity
1114:Sexual harassment
979:Feminist stripper
957:Feminist movement
518:
517:
449:Africana womanism
280:
279:
4848:
4816:
4811:Hannah Woolley,
4809:
4803:
4796:
4790:
4783:
4777:
4776:
4764:
4758:
4753:Virginia Woolf,
4751:
4745:
4740:Julia Kavanagh,
4738:
4732:
4729:
4720:
4710:
4704:
4694:
4688:
4685:
4679:
4664:
4655:
4648:
4642:
4639:
4633:
4630:Feminist Studies
4626:
4620:
4613:
4607:
4604:Slip-shod Sybils
4597:
4591:
4585:
4579:
4578:
4576:
4574:
4569:on 26 April 2013
4565:. Archived from
4559:
4553:
4546:
4540:
4528:
4522:
4514:
4508:
4505:Past and Present
4501:
4495:
4484:
4478:
4468:
4462:
4461:
4435:
4429:
4428:
4422:
4414:
4388:
4382:
4381:
4370:10.2307/29741841
4353:
4344:
4343:
4318:
4312:
4311:
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4165:
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4123:
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4095:
4089:
4088:
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4055:
4046:
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4025:
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3440:
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3335:
3308:
3302:
3301:
3274:
3268:
3267:
3255:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3238:Classical Wisdom
3230:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3219:
3212:classics.mit.edu
3203:
3197:
3190:
3184:
3177:
3171:
3166:Karen M. Offen,
3164:
3158:
3148:
3142:
3135:
3069:Marie de Gournay
2973:, the anonymous
2910:Sarah Blackborow
2857:Marie de Gournay
2841:lesbian feminism
2770:Micaela Bastidas
2754:Dolores Cacuango
2730:Spanish colonist
2625:Cassandra Fedele
2550:occasional poems
2438:Marriage in the
2352:Sir Robert Hales
2312:Peasants' Revolt
2251:Muslim conquests
2180:Islamic feminism
2079:
2072:
2065:
2051:
2050:
2049:
1990:Feminist parties
1985:Muslim feminists
1980:Jewish feminists
1891:
1872:History of women
1495:Political theory
1263:
1193:
1166:
1159:Women-only space
1044:Likeability trap
932:Female education
746:Anti-pornography
601:
600:
596:
312:Lesbian of color
295:
172:Women's suffrage
148:Muslim countries
143:Women's suffrage
60:Feminist history
53:
42:
19:
4856:
4855:
4851:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4846:
4845:
4821:
4820:
4819:
4815:, London, 1675.
4810:
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4780:
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4748:
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4697:Woolf, Virginia
4695:
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4547:
4543:
4538:Wayback Machine
4529:
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3537:Name-Doctor.com
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3149:
3145:
3136:
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3128:
3116:
2991:Beata Rosenhane
2959:Anne Bradstreet
2854:
2849:
2798:
2782:gender barriers
2694:
2688:
2683:
2660:
2654:
2652:The Reformation
2616:Isotta Nogarola
2584:
2525:Juan Luis Vives
2489:
2477:
2407:
2402:
2387:
2374:Sylvia Federico
2340:Johanna Ferrour
2336:Tower of London
2324:Lord Chancellor
2308:
2276:Marie de France
2271:
2186:
2176:
2131:
2126:
2120:
2083:
2047:
2045:
2040:
2039:
1941:
1888:
1880:
1879:
1878:
1787:Northern Cyprus
1567:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1375:Science fiction
1326:
1305:Women's studies
1270:Feminist method
1260:
1250:
1249:
1244:
1190:
1182:
1181:
1180:
1164:
1074:Oedipus complex
1064:Men in feminism
1029:Language reform
1009:Ideal womanhood
989:Gender equality
984:Formal equality
947:Feminationalism
884:
876:
875:
874:
831:Post-structural
730:
720:
719:
718:
627:
617:
616:
615:
598:
595:Gender-critical
594:
593:
544:Femonationalism
528:
520:
519:
514:
493:Native American
433:
388:Critical theory
350:
292:
282:
281:
276:
231:Second Republic
159:
129:
96:
70:Women's history
50:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4854:
4852:
4844:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4823:
4822:
4818:
4817:
4804:
4791:
4789:. Madrid, 1700
4778:
4759:
4746:
4733:
4721:
4705:
4703:. 1928, p. 65.
4689:
4680:
4656:
4643:
4634:
4621:
4608:
4600:Germaine Greer
4592:
4580:
4554:
4541:
4523:
4509:
4496:
4479:
4471:Antonia Fraser
4463:
4456:
4430:
4401:
4383:
4345:
4339:
4313:
4298:
4271:
4244:(3): 307–324.
4228:
4210:
4187:
4160:
4134:(in Spanish).
4118:
4090:
4072:
4047:
4015:
3979:
3958:
3937:
3922:
3904:
3889:
3871:
3846:
3831:
3810:
3797:
3790:
3770:
3764:
3743:
3737:
3724:The Second Sex
3713:
3698:
3683:
3674:
3654:
3647:
3627:
3621:
3614:
3589:
3570:(2): 295–314.
3549:
3524:
3515:|journal=
3489:
3463:
3430:
3417:
3396:
3390:
3372:
3337:
3331:
3303:
3297:
3269:
3250:
3225:
3208:"The Republic"
3198:
3185:
3172:
3159:
3143:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3115:
3112:
3104:Hannah Woolley
3054:Virginia Woolf
3046:Henry Fielding
2979:Mary Chudleigh
2942:, such as the
2914:Mary Mollineux
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2804:Protofeminist
2797:
2794:
2766:Bartolina Sisa
2714:Christian name
2690:Main article:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2653:
2650:
2637:Moderata Fonte
2629:Margaret Roper
2594:. The painter
2583:
2580:
2488:
2485:
2476:
2473:
2462:Leonardo Bruni
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2386:
2383:
2307:
2304:
2270:
2267:
2184:Women in Islam
2175:
2172:
2130:
2127:
2119:
2116:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2074:
2067:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2042:
2041:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2033:
2028:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1970:Feminist poets
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1940:
1939:
1937:Feminist songs
1934:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1917:
1916:
1915:
1913:by nationality
1905:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1876:
1875:
1874:
1864:
1862:United Kingdom
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1758:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1616:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1569:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1551:
1550:
1549:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1486:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1473:Existentialism
1470:
1469:
1468:
1466:Justice ethics
1458:
1453:
1448:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1424:Constructivism
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1400:
1399:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1331:Areas of study
1328:
1327:
1325:
1324:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1275:Gender studies
1272:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1240:SCUM Manifesto
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1196:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1178:
1173:
1171:Women's rights
1168:
1165:Women's health
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1049:Male privilege
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1018:International
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
975:
974:
969:
964:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
903:
902:
892:
886:
885:
882:
881:
878:
877:
873:
872:
867:
865:Technofeminism
862:
861:
860:
855:
850:
840:
839:
838:
828:
823:
822:
821:
820:
819:
809:
804:
794:
793:
792:
791:
790:
775:
770:
765:
764:
763:
758:
748:
743:
738:
732:
731:
726:
725:
722:
721:
717:
716:
711:
710:
709:
699:
694:
689:
688:
687:
682:
677:
667:
666:
665:
660:
655:
650:
640:
635:
629:
628:
623:
622:
619:
618:
614:
613:
608:
603:
590:
589:
588:
583:
578:
568:
563:
562:
561:
551:
546:
541:
536:
530:
529:
527:Other variants
526:
525:
522:
521:
516:
515:
513:
512:
507:
502:
497:
496:
495:
485:
484:
483:
473:
472:
471:
466:
461:
451:
445:
442:
441:
435:
434:
432:
431:
426:
425:
424:
419:
409:
408:
407:
397:
396:
395:
390:
380:
375:
374:
373:
362:
359:
358:
352:
351:
349:
348:
343:
342:
341:
331:
326:
325:
324:
319:
314:
304:
298:
293:
288:
287:
284:
283:
278:
277:
275:
274:
273:
272:
262:
261:
260:
255:
253:Cayman Islands
248:United Kingdom
245:
240:
239:
238:
233:
225:
220:
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
179:
176:
175:
168:
167:
166:
165:
158:
157:
156:
155:
150:
139:
136:
135:
131:
130:
128:
127:
122:
117:
112:
106:
103:
102:
98:
97:
95:
94:
93:
92:
87:
82:
77:
67:
62:
56:
51:
48:
47:
44:
43:
35:
34:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4853:
4842:
4841:Protofeminism
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4828:
4826:
4814:
4808:
4805:
4801:
4795:
4792:
4788:
4782:
4779:
4774:
4770:
4763:
4760:
4756:
4750:
4747:
4743:
4737:
4734:
4728:
4726:
4722:
4718:
4714:
4709:
4706:
4702:
4698:
4693:
4690:
4684:
4681:
4677:
4676:0-19-280510-X
4673:
4669:
4663:
4661:
4657:
4653:
4647:
4644:
4638:
4635:
4631:
4625:
4622:
4618:
4612:
4609:
4605:
4601:
4596:
4593:
4589:
4584:
4581:
4568:
4564:
4558:
4555:
4552:, 1984, p. 7.
4551:
4545:
4542:
4539:
4535:
4532:
4527:
4524:
4521:
4518:
4513:
4510:
4506:
4500:
4497:
4493:
4492:Claudia Koonz
4489:
4483:
4480:
4476:
4472:
4467:
4464:
4459:
4453:
4449:
4445:
4441:
4434:
4431:
4426:
4420:
4412:
4408:
4404:
4398:
4394:
4387:
4384:
4379:
4375:
4371:
4367:
4363:
4359:
4352:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4336:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4317:
4314:
4309:
4305:
4301:
4295:
4290:
4289:
4280:
4278:
4276:
4272:
4267:
4263:
4259:
4255:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4239:
4232:
4229:
4224:
4213:
4207:
4203:
4202:
4194:
4192:
4188:
4175:
4171:
4164:
4161:
4156:
4145:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4122:
4119:
4106:
4105:
4100:
4094:
4091:
4086:
4075:
4069:
4065:
4061:
4054:
4052:
4048:
4035:
4034:PeriĂłdico E'a
4031:
4024:
4022:
4020:
4016:
4003:
4002:
3997:
3990:
3988:
3986:
3984:
3980:
3968:
3962:
3959:
3947:
3941:
3938:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3919:
3915:
3908:
3905:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3890:0-271-00812-1
3886:
3882:
3875:
3872:
3867:
3863:
3859:
3858:
3850:
3847:
3842:
3838:
3834:
3832:0-19-878244-6
3828:
3824:
3817:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3801:
3798:
3793:
3791:9780395419502
3787:
3783:
3782:
3774:
3771:
3767:
3765:0-679-75381-8
3761:
3757:
3750:
3748:
3744:
3740:
3738:0-679-72451-6
3734:
3730:
3726:
3725:
3717:
3714:
3709:
3702:
3699:
3694:
3687:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3666:
3658:
3655:
3650:
3648:9780395419502
3644:
3640:
3639:
3631:
3628:
3625:
3622:
3617:
3615:9780395419502
3611:
3607:
3606:
3598:
3596:
3594:
3590:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3564:The Historian
3558:
3556:
3554:
3550:
3538:
3534:
3528:
3525:
3520:
3507:
3496:
3494:
3490:
3478:
3474:
3467:
3464:
3452:
3451:
3446:
3439:
3437:
3435:
3431:
3427:
3421:
3418:
3406:
3400:
3397:
3393:
3391:0-471-70895-X
3387:
3383:
3376:
3373:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3341:
3338:
3334:
3332:0-313-32270-8
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3315:
3307:
3304:
3300:
3298:0-313-32270-8
3294:
3290:
3289:196 & 198
3286:
3282:
3281:
3273:
3270:
3265:
3261:
3254:
3251:
3239:
3235:
3229:
3226:
3213:
3209:
3202:
3199:
3195:
3189:
3186:
3182:
3176:
3173:
3169:
3163:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3151:Nancy F. Cott
3147:
3144:
3140:
3134:
3131:
3125:
3121:
3118:
3117:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3092:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3057:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3026:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3013:Bathsua Makin
3010:
3005:
3003:
2999:
2994:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2963:Bathsua Makin
2960:
2955:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2932:
2928:
2926:
2921:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2902:Margaret Fell
2899:
2898:Rachel Speght
2895:
2891:
2890:nonconformist
2886:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2867:
2862:
2858:
2851:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2824:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2807:
2802:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2778:Juana Azurduy
2775:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2738:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2710:India Juliana
2703:
2702:India Juliana
2698:
2693:
2692:India Juliana
2686:India Juliana
2685:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2669:
2668:Protestantism
2665:
2659:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2581:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2568:
2566:
2562:
2557:
2556:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2507:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2484:
2482:
2474:
2471:
2466:
2463:
2459:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2447:'s 1593 play
2446:
2441:
2436:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2421:
2415:
2411:
2404:
2399:
2397:
2393:
2391:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2375:
2371:
2370:Bates College
2367:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2332:Simon Sudbury
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2213:
2212:
2207:
2203:
2198:
2196:
2192:
2185:
2181:
2174:Islamic world
2173:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2160:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2145:
2144:
2139:
2135:
2128:
2125:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2106:protofeminist
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2090:Protofeminism
2080:
2075:
2073:
2068:
2066:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2054:
2044:
2043:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1921:
1918:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1897:
1892:
1884:
1883:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1868:
1867:United States
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1716:
1715:Latin America
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1563:
1562:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1537:Technoscience
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
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1310:Men's studies
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1094:Purplewashing
1092:
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1089:Protofeminism
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439:Multicultural
436:
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337:
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334:Transfeminism
332:
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2995:
2956:
2937:
2922:
2906:Mary Forster
2887:
2882:
2874:
2870:
2864:
2855:
2847:17th century
2825:
2811:
2764:region with
2739:
2707:
2676:
2661:
2621:Laura Cereta
2608:
2585:
2576:gender roles
2569:
2553:
2542:Roger Ascham
2529:
2519:
2514:
2504:
2500:
2490:
2478:
2468:
2455:
2448:
2437:
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2388:
2368:
2356:Savoy Palace
2309:
2300:Laura Cereta
2272:
2257:, including
2246:
2243:The Republic
2242:
2232:
2226:
2219:
2209:
2199:
2187:
2161:
2156:The Republic
2155:
2154:
2149:
2143:The Republic
2141:
2132:
2111:postfeminist
2110:
2105:
2089:
2088:
1817:Saudi Arabia
1613:South Africa
1456:Epistemology
1431:Legal theory
1350:Architecture
1340:Anthropology
1319:
1285:Gynocentrism
1149:War on women
1088:
1084:Pro-feminism
1039:Gender-blind
994:Gender quota
967:Art movement
741:Anti-fascist
675:Dianic Wicca
554:Postfeminism
429:Xenofeminism
412:Postcolonial
329:Sex-positive
4507:, 1958, 13.
4364:(1): 3–27.
4174:El Nacional
4111:12 December
4079:12 December
4040:12 December
4008:12 December
4001:Ăšltima Hora
3972:27 November
3951:27 November
3866:j.ctvnb7jkv
3410:27 November
3353:(1): 6–15.
3287:, pp.
3218:21 December
3077:Switzerland
2983:Mary Astell
2944:Waldensians
2873:(1622) and
2837:ecofeminist
2750:Eurocentric
2664:Reformation
2633:Mary Basset
2611:Renaissance
2609:The famous
2572:Renaissance
2561:Renaissance
2533:and fellow
2440:Renaissance
2429:Renaissance
1822:South Korea
1802:Philippines
1782:New Zealand
1777:Netherlands
1500:Pornography
1478:Metaphysics
1392:Criminology
1370:Film theory
1345:Archaeology
1024:Women's Day
826:Libertarian
768:Ecofeminism
685:Ecofeminist
566:Reactionary
559:Neofeminism
500:Multiracial
405:Ecofeminist
400:Materialist
243:Switzerland
223:New Zealand
4825:Categories
4802:12 (1913).
4713:Janet Todd
4395:. London.
4217:18 January
4180:16 January
4149:16 January
4132:Analéctica
3542:6 December
3482:6 December
3477:SciHi Blog
3321:, p.
3243:14 October
3126:References
3042:Aphra Behn
3018:Aphra Behn
2971:Mary Wroth
2948:Catharists
2940:heterodoxy
2925:Anne Askew
2712:, was the
2656:See also:
2390:Hrotsvitha
2385:Hrotsvitha
2372:professor
2344:poll taxes
2206:Ibn Asakir
2178:See also:
2122:See also:
2018:Categories
1920:Literature
1630:Bangladesh
1505:Psychology
1451:Empiricism
1446:Aesthetics
1441:Philosophy
1315:Patriarchy
1300:Matriarchy
1020:Girl's Day
999:Girl power
972:In hip hop
895:Literature
858:Separatist
836:Postmodern
802:Difference
736:Analytical
680:Reclaiming
488:Indigenous
393:Standpoint
322:Separatist
174:by country
4419:cite book
4411:985840432
4308:277203534
4266:144363376
4258:0966-7350
4144:2591-5894
4104:ABC Color
3932:517501929
3899:185669321
3841:476667011
3584:0018-2370
3063:included
2952:Levellers
2817:New Spain
2604:Philip II
2544:educated
2433:Xanthippe
2310:The 1381
2239:Ibn Rushd
2195:sainthood
2191:Ibn Arabi
1908:Feminists
1720:Argentina
1680:Indonesia
1670:Hong Kong
1625:Australia
1532:Sociology
1414:Geography
1404:Economics
1295:Male gaze
1290:Kyriarchy
761:Networked
643:Christian
378:Jineology
366:Anarchist
356:Socialist
236:Francoist
188:Australia
134:Timelines
4654:, p. 29.
4534:Archived
4378:29741841
3710:. Milan.
3695:. Rouen.
3367:55501376
3153:, 1987.
3114:See also
3038:Mary Pix
2788:and the
2726:Paraguay
2722:AsunciĂłn
2588:Venetian
2552:such as
2538:Agricola
2425:Socrates
2237:(judge)
2204:scholar
2197:as men.
2094:feminism
1903:Articles
1842:Thailand
1797:Pakistan
1767:Malaysia
1750:Paraguay
1740:Honduras
1588:Ethiopia
1542:Theology
1527:Sexology
1522:Sex wars
1436:Pedagogy
1189:Outlooks
1069:Misogyny
942:Femicide
927:Equality
883:Concepts
848:Cultural
807:Equality
788:Stiletto
783:Lipstick
707:Orthodox
670:Neopagan
658:Womanist
638:Buddhist
586:Embedded
581:Imperial
576:Carceral
549:Maternal
510:Womanism
198:Colombia
85:Canadian
75:American
32:Feminism
24:a series
22:Part of
4573:7 April
4358:Chasqui
3456:14 June
3206:Plato.
2975:Eugenia
2894:Quakers
2821:Criolla
2718:GuaranĂ
2600:Cremona
2590:author
2563:, like
2379:Suffolk
2320:England
2216:hadiths
2211:ijazahs
2118:History
1857:Ukraine
1852:Vietnam
1762:Lebanon
1660:Germany
1650:Finland
1645:Denmark
1620:Albania
1608:Senegal
1603:Nigeria
1510:Therapy
1483:science
1382:Biology
843:Radical
797:Liberal
773:Eugenic
697:Islamic
633:Atheist
481:Lesbian
476:Chicana
469:Ratchet
464:Lesbian
459:Hip hop
383:Marxist
307:Lesbian
183:Austria
80:British
49:History
4674:
4454:
4409:
4399:
4376:
4337:
4306:
4296:
4264:
4256:
4208:
4155:Zenodo
4142:
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3266:: 1–29
2998:salons
2981:, and
2881:wrote
2866:Essays
2835:, and
2499:wrote
2314:was a
2298:, and
2255:fitnas
1847:Turkey
1837:Taiwan
1827:Sweden
1812:Russia
1807:Poland
1792:Norway
1745:Mexico
1725:Brazil
1700:Israel
1665:Greece
1655:France
1635:Canada
1573:Africa
1461:Ethics
1258:Theory
1099:Racism
812:Social
702:Jewish
648:Mormon
606:Victim
539:Equity
505:Romani
417:Global
270:states
227:Spain
213:Kuwait
193:Canada
125:Fourth
115:Second
90:German
4374:JSTOR
4262:S2CID
3862:JSTOR
3363:S2CID
2762:Andes
2742:women
2716:of a
2672:Bible
2531:Vives
2263:Aisha
2221:'awra
2202:Sunni
2138:Plato
2134:Plato
1894:Lists
1832:Syria
1772:Nepal
1735:Haiti
1730:Chile
1710:Japan
1705:Italy
1675:India
1640:China
1593:Ghana
1583:Egypt
1059:Media
817:Labor
692:Hindu
663:Asian
611:White
571:State
454:Black
371:Queer
258:Wales
208:Japan
203:India
120:Third
110:First
101:Waves
4672:ISBN
4575:2013
4452:ISBN
4425:link
4407:OCLC
4397:ISBN
4335:ISBN
4304:OCLC
4294:ISBN
4254:ISSN
4219:2022
4206:ISBN
4182:2022
4151:2022
4140:ISSN
4113:2021
4081:2021
4068:ISBN
4042:2021
4010:2021
3974:2018
3953:2018
3928:OCLC
3918:ISBN
3895:OCLC
3885:ISBN
3837:OCLC
3827:ISBN
3786:ISBN
3760:ISBN
3733:ISBN
3643:ISBN
3610:ISBN
3580:ISSN
3544:2019
3519:help
3484:2019
3458:2021
3412:2018
3386:ISBN
3327:ISBN
3293:ISBN
3245:2019
3220:2014
3071:and
3048:and
2989:and
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1685:Iran
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1022:and
714:Sikh
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