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247:, purple in color (or pale, transparent pink), are arranged in rows on each arm. Most horned sea stars found are a roughly rigid five-pointed star-shape with tapering arms to the end, although there are anomalies like four or six-armed specimens; they may grow up to 30 cm (12 in) in diameter. The sea stars are usually colored in shades of red or brown, but can be light tan, resembling the color of cookie dough. This coloration, combined with the small horns on its dorsal side, give the sea star an appearance similar to a
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319:. They do not withstand rapid changes well, and usually keep themselves underwater. Many individuals of this species can be seen gathering on soft ocean bottoms. While the cause is mostly unknown, it is thought to likely to increase the chance of fertilization when spawning, or is simply a suitable feeding ground.
242:
possess rows of spines or "horns"; black conical points arranged in a single row, radially on the dorsal side, which may erode and become blunt. These dark protrusions can intimidate possible predators by looking frightening or dangerous. On the ventral side,
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meadows or on blank stretches of coral sand. Field studies suggest the species could be restricted to the western
Pacific Ocean (Thailand to Samoa and Japan to New Caledonia). In shallow water, this species can be seen
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390:, commonly known as Bahama Sea Star, is similarly a once-abundant species reduced in number due to continuous harvesting by both industry and tourists alike.
518:"How to assess the absence of a species? A revision of the geographical range of the horned sea star, Protoreaster nodosus (Echinodermata; Asteroidea)"
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can be found on the surface of a horned sea star. This may be attributed to its protective nature, as the horned sea star has few predators.
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in an aquarium. In this same environment, they will hunt down snails for food. An individual horned sea star has been observed eating a
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19:"Chocolate chip sea star" redirects here. For the related East Pacific species known by this name, see
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has a severe impact on the population of the echinoderms. A related species, the
Atlantic
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In many tropical Asian and
Pacific countries, where horned sea stars are collected for
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Arthur R. Bos; Girley S. Gumanao; Joan C.E. Alipoyo; Lemuel T. Cardona (2008-10-08).
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Horned sea stars are opportunistic carnivores; adults are known to prey on most
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493:"Chocolate Chip Starfish: Care Guide For The Spotted Species"
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Insight Guides
Underwater: Marine Life In the South China Sea
482:, page 159. APA Publications GmbH & Co. Verlag KG., 1993
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193:found in the warm, shallow waters of the
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232:Dried sea stars for touristic trade in
197:region. They are sometimes seen in the
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294:Horned sea stars prefer sheltered,
201:trade or dried and sold as curios.
302:bottoms to hard substrata such as
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550:Wild Fact Sheet's fact sheet for
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221:A group of knobby sea stars in
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438:(Echinodermata; Asteroidea)"
892:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
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897:Fauna of the Pacific Ocean
516:Ducarme, Frédéric (2022).
338:in their natural habitat.
326:life forms including hard
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887:Animals described in 1758
522:Frontiers of Biogeography
455:10.1007/s00227-008-1064-2
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46:Scientific classification
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181:, commonly known as the
341:As with other tropical
187:chocolate chip sea star
478:Gremli MS, Newman HE,
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561:on Sealife Collection
249:chocolate chip cookie
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623:Protoreaster_nodosus
609:Protoreaster nodosus
579:Protoreaster nodosus
559:Protoreaster nodosus
552:Protoreaster nodosus
436:Protoreaster nodosus
387:Oreaster reticulatus
290:Habitat and behavior
178:Protoreaster nodosus
155:Protoreaster nodosus
535:10.21425/F5FBG56187
16:Species of starfish
361:and even juvenile
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189:, is a species of
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571:Taxon identifiers
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21:Nidorellia armata
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410:. Archived from
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31:Horned sea star
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510:Bibliography
496:. Retrieved
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416:. Retrieved
412:the original
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355:Periclimenes
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313:intertidally
298:or slightly
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195:Indo-Pacific
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124:Protoreaster
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113:Oreasteridae
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748:SeaLifeBase
670:iNaturalist
603:Wikispecies
343:echinoderms
234:Philippines
205:Description
876:Categories
793:Q105395412
557:Photos of
498:2024-09-01
465:2066/72067
418:2007-11-10
394:References
353:(of genus
336:sea urchin
304:coral reef
240:P. nodosus
93:Asteroidea
448:: 55–63.
375:sea shell
347:commensal
308:sea grass
284:Oral face
245:tube feet
131:Species:
103:Valvatida
69:Kingdom:
63:Eukaryota
833:11178731
787:Wikidata
688:11453873
594:Q1777525
588:Wikidata
363:filefish
357:), tiny
317:low tide
223:Malaysia
191:sea star
163:Linnaeus
109:Family:
79:Phylum:
73:Animalia
59:Domain:
820:5187260
662:5187269
351:shrimps
332:sponges
324:sessile
119:Genus:
99:Order:
89:Class:
859:379527
846:991176
766:213285
740:213285
727:534688
714:572528
701:990852
636:187626
328:corals
854:WoRMS
828:IRMNG
761:WoRMS
753:86714
683:IRMNG
675:50412
649:4N6V8
528:(3).
378:trade
300:muddy
296:sandy
841:ITIS
815:GBIF
807:HRKZ
735:OBIS
709:NCBI
696:ITIS
657:GBIF
631:BOLD
330:and
167:1758
802:CoL
644:CoL
618:AFD
530:doi
460:hdl
450:doi
446:156
185:or
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
