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The
Provincial Marine paid lower wages than private enterprises operating on the Great Lakes. Sailors could earn extra money working in the organization's shipyards. However, the more competent sailors were retained aboard the ships and the less competent were sent to work in the yards. Therefore the
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it was decided to incorporate all the naval forces and establishments on the lake into the Royal Navy. Commanded by
Commodore Sir James Yeo, the Royal Navy took over operations on the Great Lakes from the Provincial Marine in 1813–1815. Sir Edward W. C. Owen commanded the Lakes Service for a short
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After
Commodore Andrews was drowned in the Ontario, Commodore Rene Hypolite Pepin de Laforce, a naval officer, was appointed to command the Provincial Marine on Point Frederick, Lake Ontario on November 15, 1780 and retained the position until 1786. Commodore David Betton commanded the Provincial
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The Royal Navy was responsible for all other bodies of waters off Canada. In 1812, the
Provincial Marine operated only four vessels armed with 20 short-barreled guns, and seven vessels in total. The force comprised 9 officers, 101 seamen and 5 artificers at the opening of the
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and on other vessels. Commodore Yeo replaced most of the provincial officers with Royal Navy officers. Frederick became the permanent Lake
Ontario base of the British naval establishment and the headquarters of the senior naval officer on all the Great Lakes.
451:
period in 1815. Sir Robert Hall, who was ordered to establish a “respectable naval force”, took command of the Lakes
Service in October 1815. Commodore Sir Robert Hall took command of the Kingston skow listed as 56 guns in April 1817. In 1817, the
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following the war. The
Provincial Marine was controlled by the army and manned by personnel borrowed from the navy, by soldiers, and by direct recruitment of Great Lakes sailors. The Provincial Marine used mostly lightly-armed topsail
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to sell off the old warships of 1812 and to prepare to close down the dockyard fit. He remained there until June 1834, when the inland naval establishment was abolished. In 1834, he was ordered to strike his broad pennant and pay off
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began commanding the facility after May 1813; the dockyard on Point
Frederick grew rapidly. By the end of 1814, the dockyard produced the largest naval squadron on the Great Lakes with 1,600 personnel serving on the flagship
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in the Navy Bay or "in frame" on the stocks on Point
Frederick. The naval stores were sold, or sent down to Quebec City for carriage to England. Barrie, a popular figure in Kingston, left for England.
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commanded the
Provincial Marine from 1802 to 1804. Commodore John Steel commanded the Provincial Marine 1804–12; he retired at 75 years of age. Commodore Hugh Earle, a son-in-law of
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During the War of 1812, the Royal Navy also assumed direct control of the Provincial Marine's vessels in 1813, after the Provincial Marine performed poorly in 1812 against Commodore
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in Upper Canada and was used from this location from 1789 until 1813. Merchants who were originally on Carleton Island and moved to Kingston used Provincial Marine vessels for
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was a privately built and owned vessel launched in 1759 on behalf of the government. It was used to transport settlers and provide coastal protection during
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While the treaty banned naval activity in the Great Lakes, the Provincial Marine was reassigned under the waterborne or marine units of the arm of the
234:
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352:. Following the war, the unit diminished in size, slowly becoming known as the Provincial Marine. The unit was transferred to the department of the
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at Kingston. The Lake Erie division was in disrepair by 1812, with one serviceable ship, one falling into disrepair and one incapable of sailing.
324:
partially manned by members of the coastal force defeated an American force on Lake Champlain. In 1777, the unit transported supplies for General
374:. When the Provincial Marine was not in use by the military, the ships and personnel were occasionally loaned out to merchants in the fur trade.
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1125:
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in Kingston Dockyard. Captain Barrie expedited the repair of the vessels at the bases in case of any emergency. In August 1827, the schooner
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and St. Lawrence River. The Provincial Marine followed the practices and rank structure of the Royal Navy, but with some flexibility.
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commanded the Lakes Service from 1819–20. To house the gear of the warships of 1812 laid up in Navy Bay, Captain Barrie built the
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began a Provincial Marine in 1750s but the unit's history is limited. What is known is the acquisition of a private vessel,
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The Provincial Marine's main base was Carleton Island, on Lake Ontario from 1785–1789. The headquarters was moved to
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Since a change of command was insufficient to revitalize the whole lake service, and to counter the activity of the
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better sailors were prevented from making better money and led to the service being short of qualified sailors.
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demilitarized the Great Lakes and limited future naval forces in commission on each lake to a single 100-ton
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manner than as a full-fledged navy. Most ships of the Provincial Marine were built on the Great Lakes.
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who had been commissioned in the lake service in 1792, commanded the Provincial Marine from 1812–13.
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348:. By 1780, the coastal force had thirteen vessels in service; five vessels Lake Ontario and nine on
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Preston, Richard A. (1958) "Broad Pennants On Point Frederick." Royal Military College. pp. 198–211
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476:, was commissioned as the first of the Rush-Bagot treaty gunboats. In 1831, he was ordered by the
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After Hall laid up the wartime fleet in reserve in Kingston, he left Canada in July 1818.
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List of bases that existed prior to 1796 and ones that continued to operate until 1850s.
1239:"Not Very Much Celebrated": The Evolution and Nature of the Provincial Marine, 1755–1813
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composed of 300 sailors maintained supply routes and supported military actions in the
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768:– American merchant schooner commandeered at Kingston, 26 June 1812. Sunk by guns of
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Through Water, Ice & Fire: Schooner Nancy of the War of 1812
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1207:"USQUE AD MARE – The Provincial Marine – Canadian Coast Guard"
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control. While ships of the Provincial Marine were designated
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was established and foraging patrols were sent to operate on
1163:
U.S. Presidents and Foreign Policy: From 1789 to the Present
1116:
Gimblett, Richard H. & Hadley, Michael L., eds. (2010).
401:
of ships each, for Lake Ontario and Lake Erie respectively.
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regulars, provincial regiments and volunteer militia units
1182:
Lords of the Lake: The Naval War on Lake Ontario 1812–1814
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was sold, for $ 9,925, the other old warships remained as
16:
North American inland coastal protection service 1796–1910
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Canadian military units and formations of the War of 1812
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for transportation purposes, with the exception of the
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Citizen Sailors: Chronicles of Canada's Naval Reserve
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504:. In 1910, the Provincial Marine was replaced by the
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Military units and formations disestablished in 1910
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1184:(Paperback ed.). Toronto: Robin Brass Studio.
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81:
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42:
21:
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293:detachment operated vessels against the French on
1037:Point Frederick War of 1812 Commemorative Plaque
459:armed with one gun for a total of four vessels.
1234:Provincial Marine Amherstburg Re-Enactment Unit
285:A British coastal force was created during the
1229:The Provincial Marine at Amherstburg 1796–1813
1161:Hodge, Carl C. & Nolan, Cathal J. (2007).
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8:
847:– schooner 1827; paid off 1834 and sold 1837
760:, blown up by own crew 1814 to avoid capture
389:of goods. Further bases were established at
397:. Kingston and Amherstburg each housed one
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428:The Royal Navy units under Commodore Sir
1335:Unification of the Canadian Armed Forces
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1325:History of the Royal Canadian Air Force
1165:. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO.
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253:service in charge of the waters in the
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7:
555:Naval Shipyards, York (Upper Canada)
523:Marine from 1786 to 1802. Commodore
1556:Military history of the Great Lakes
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1455:French Marines in Canada, 1683-1715
1274:Evolution of the Military of Canada
518:Commodores of the Provincial Marine
425:'s American Lake Ontario squadron.
354:Quartermaster-General to the Forces
1330:History of the Royal Canadian Navy
320:On 11 October 1776, a flotilla of
273:, they were operated in more of a
14:
1101:. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing.
936:Canadian units of the War of 1812
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1490:
1479:
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1460:Compagnies Franches de la Marine
1390:Royal Canadian Naval Air Service
1099:American Loyalist Troops 1775–84
916:. It was sunk in December 1760.
586:Navy Island Royal Naval Shipyard
580:Amherstburg Royal Naval Dockyard
29:
235:Ships at North American Station
1313:History of the Canadian Forces
1:
894:Nova Scotia Provincial Marine
549:Kingston Royal Naval Dockyard
485:(and later sold 1837). After
332:. In 1779, the naval base at
1373:Non-Permanent Active Militia
1351:Canadian Expeditionary Force
1320:History of the Canadian Army
442:Creation of Great Lakes Navy
46:1755–1910; succeeded by the
1344:Canadian military formation
1180:Malcomson, Robert (2001) .
96:Engagements on Lake Ontario
1577:
1450:Carignan-Salières Regiment
1146:. Toronto: Dundurn Press.
1120:. Toronto: Dundurn Press.
1070:Gimblett & Hadley 2010
307:American Revolutionary War
1473:
1380:Royal Flying Corps Canada
603:Pentanguishene Naval Yard
281:Creation and organization
106:Engagements on Lake Huron
28:
1368:Permanent Active Militia
1302:Royal Canadian Air Force
1224:Canadian Lake Navigation
1097:Chartrand, René (2008).
561:Carleton Island Dockyard
1385:Naval Service of Canada
1356:Canadian Aviation Corps
1280:Current Canadian Forces
865:– passenger vessel 1864
574:Grand River Naval Depot
525:Jean-Baptiste Bouchette
506:Naval Service of Canada
116:Rebellions of 1837–1838
48:Naval Service of Canada
1445:Military of New France
1435:Military formation in
1401:Military formation in
1082:Hodge & Nolan 2007
898:The British colony of
576:(proposed/never built)
151:North American Station
1561:Naval ships of Canada
1403:British North America
1287:Canadian Armed Forces
111:Battle of Plattsburgh
1465:Troupes de la marine
1211:Canadian Coast Guard
926:Canadian Coast Guard
500:and later under the
138:facilities in Canada
1297:Royal Canadian Navy
931:Royal Canadian Navy
859:– steam vessel 1841
853:– steam vessel 1843
101:Battle of Lake Erie
1520:History portal
1042:2014-03-03 at the
777:Sir George Prevost
772:, 21 November 1812
674:Princess Charlotte
643:Duke of Gloucester
502:Militia Department
448:United States Navy
299:St. Lawrence River
259:St. Lawrence River
251:coastal protection
62:Province of Canada
1528:
1527:
1509:Canada portal
1411:Provincial Marine
1172:978-1-85109-790-6
1127:978-1-55488-867-2
908:in May 1759. The
841:– unfinished 1815
833:– unfinished 1815
802:steam vessel 1838
511:Naval Service Act
453:Rush–Bagot Treaty
330:Saratoga campaign
247:Provincial Marine
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120:Fenian raids
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1496:WikiProject
900:Nova Scotia
752:– formerly
714:St Lawrence
605:(1813–1856)
588:(1763–1822)
582:(1796–1813)
563:(1779–1789)
551:(1788–1853)
529:Molly Brant
508:(under the
487:St Lawrence
435:St Lawrence
417:War of 1812
411:War of 1812
395:Quebec City
391:Amherstburg
315:Great Lakes
275:coast guard
255:Great Lakes
214:Navy Island
189:Grand River
179:Amherstburg
86:War of 1812
82:Engagements
58:The Canadas
1535:Categories
1437:New France
1416:Royal Navy
1216:2010-02-28
1058:Gough 2006
1022:Gough 2006
1010:Gough 2006
910:brigantine
597:Lake Huron
338:Lake Huron
291:Royal Navy
172:and depots
136:Royal Navy
942:Citations
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725:Catherine
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633:HMS
627:Confiance
625:HMS
619:Caledonia
617:HMS
568:Lake Erie
478:Admiralty
363:schooners
350:Lake Erie
289:, when a
184:Esquimalt
170:Dockyards
1511:•
1484:Category
1138:(2006).
1040:Archived
920:See also
905:Montague
870:Montreal
857:Cherokee
845:Cockburn
819:Beckwith
799:Kingston
792:Crystler
483:Cockburn
473:Cockburn
399:squadron
383:Kingston
340:between
322:gunboats
311:flotilla
204:Kingston
144:Stations
1091:Sources
877:Toronto
807:Niagara
720:Buffalo
635:Detroit
457:gunboat
356:of the
346:Detroit
267:British
194:Halifax
76:Militia
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851:Mohawk
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257:, the
249:was a
66:Canada
43:Active
36:Ensign
838:Wolfe
825:Brock
735:Swift
658:Nancy
610:Fleet
535:Bases
491:hulks
228:Ships
1186:ISBN
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688:HMS
393:and
367:brig
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219:York
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271:HMS
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