599:, no such rule currently exists—Quebec's seat allotment in the House of Commons is in fact governed by the same adjustment clauses as all other provinces, and not by any provisions unique to Quebec alone. However, such provisions have existed at various times in the past. From 1867 to 1946 Quebec was allocated 65 seats, with the other provinces allocated seats based on their size relative to Quebec. The "amalgam formula" of 1976 set the number of Quebec seats to 75, which was to be increased by 4 after each decennial census. Other "large" provinces (over 2.5 million) would be assigned seats based on their relative population to Quebec. The amalgam formula was applied only once, based on the 1971 census. After the 1981 census it was realized that adding an additional four seats to Quebec every ten years would rapidly inflate the size of the House of Commons, so that formula was abandoned in favour of the 1985
31:
470:. Depending on the significance of a boundary change, an electoral district's name may change as well. Any adjustment of electoral district boundaries is official as of the date the changes are legislated, but is not put into actual effect until the first subsequent election. Thus, an electoral district may officially cease to exist, but will continue to be represented
618:
Alberta; Harper later proposed an alternative plan which included
Ontario. However, opposition then emerged in Quebec, where politicians expressed concern about the province losing clout in Ottawa if its proportion of seats in the House of Commons were reduced; finally, three new seats were allotted to Quebec as well. The measure did not pass before the
488:), a riding's name may be changed without a boundary adjustment. This usually happens when it is determined at a later date that the existing name is not sufficiently representative of the district's geographic boundaries. This is the only circumstance in which a sitting MP's riding name may change between elections.
704:
stated that "An electoral district must be more than a mere conglomeration of arbitrary and random groups of individuals. Districts should, as much as possible, be cohesive units with common interests related to representation. This makes a representative's job of articulating the interests of his or
617:
to the process which would have given
Alberta, British Columbia and Ontario, the three provinces whose electoral districts have an average size larger than those in Quebec, a total of 32 additional seats by applying Quebec's average of 105,000. The measure initially included only British Columbia and
828:
was divided into two. After 1966, however, the electoral district boundaries again remained unchanged until 1996, when the province adopted new single-member districts. Under the new model, electoral districts are now adjusted every ten years, although most adjustments are geographically modest and
688:
Due to the region's economic and transportation patterns, however, "Timiskaming—Greater
Sudbury" was particularly opposed by its potential residents — voters in Sudbury were concerned about the weakening of their representation if the city were divided into one city-based riding and two large
810:
region, however, because the region's slower growth would result in the gradual loss of seats compared to the more rapidly growing south, most districts still retain the same boundaries as the federal districts that were in place as of 2003, and are not readjusted to correspond to current federal
797:
passed legislation which mandated that seats in the provincial legislature would follow federal electoral district boundaries, both reducing the size of the legislature and eliminating the cost of the province conducting its own boundary adjustment process. After each federal boundary adjustment,
522:
The present formula for adjusting electoral boundaries was adopted in 2022. It starts by calculating an "electoral quotient", based on the average of the growth rate of the provinces since the time of the last redistribution, the previous redistribution's electoral quotient is then multiplied by
908:
Further, a rural politician who represents dozens of geographically dispersed small towns must normally incur much greater travel expenses, being forced to drive for several hours, or even to travel by air, in order to visit parts of their own district—and may even need to maintain more than one
776:
rather than by
Elections Canada, and legislated by the provincial legislature rather than the federal parliament. Each province is free to decide its own number of legislative assembly seats, and is not required to comply with the federal quotas that govern its number of parliamentary districts.
665:
When the province's final seat allotment is determined, an independent election boundaries commission in each province reviews the existing boundaries and proposes adjustments. Public input is then sought, which may then lead to changes in the final boundary proposal. For instance, the proposed
501:
on the principle of representation by population. The Act provided Quebec a minimum of 65 seats and seat allotment for the remainder of the country was based by dividing the average population of Quebec's 65 electoral districts to determine the number of seats for other provinces. The Act also
900:
may encompass tens or hundreds of thousands of square kilometres. Thus, while
Canadians who reside in major urban centres typically live within walking distance of their federal or provincial representatives' constituency offices, a rural resident may not even be able to call their federal or
823:
When Prince Edward Island joined
Confederation in 1873, it set a fixed formula in which each of the province's three counties was divided into five electoral districts per county, each of which elected two representatives to the provincial legislature. These districts were never adjusted for
868:. For example, the four federal electoral districts in Prince Edward Island have an average size of just 33,963 voters each, while federal electoral districts in Ontario, Alberta and British Columbia have an average size of over 125,000 voters each—only slightly smaller, in fact, than the
523:
this average, and then the population of each individual province is divided by this electoral quotient then rounded up to determine the number of seats to which the province is officially entitled. Additionally, one seat is automatically allocated to each of Canada's three territories.
1528:
A message was received informing the
Commons that on June 23, 2022, at 10:28 p.m., Her Excellency the Governor General signified royal assent by written declaration to the following bills: Bill C-14, An Act to amend the Constitution Act, 1867 (electoral representation) — Chapter No.
921:, the province's two largest and northernmost electoral districts; both must spend far more on travel to and from Toronto, travel within their own ridings and additional support staff in multiple communities within their ridings than any other legislator in the province.
588:, traditionally the country's three fastest-growing provinces, had ever gained seats in a redistribution. All other provinces still held the same number of seats that they held in 1985, and were thus already protected from losing even one seat by the other clauses. The
476:
in the House of
Commons until the next election is called. This, for example, gives new riding associations time to organize, and prevents the confusion that would result from changing elected MPs' electoral district assignments in the middle of a Parliament.
115:
Since 2015, there have been 338 federal electoral districts in Canada. In provincial and territorial legislatures, the provinces and territories each set their own number of electoral districts independently of their federal representation. The province of
875:
Conversely, pure representation by population creates distinct disadvantages for some
Canadians, giving rise to frequent debate about how to balance the population size of electoral districts against their geographic size. Whereas urban districts, such as
666:
boundaries may not accurately reflect a community's historical, political or economic relationship with its surrounding region; the community would thus advise the boundary commission that it wished to be included in a different electoral district.
426:
Electoral district names are usually geographic in nature, and chosen to represent the community or region within the electoral district boundaries. Some electoral districts in Quebec are named for historical figures rather than geography, e.g.,
815:, further, two new uniquely provincial districts were added to increase representation for the far north of the province. As a result, the province currently has 121 seats in the House of Commons, but 124 seats in the provincial legislature.
771:
The boundary adjustment processes for electoral districts in provincial or territorial legislative assemblies follow provincial or territorial, rather than federal, law; they are overseen by each province's or territory's own
417:
was used in all BC districts including the multi-member districts, in 1952 and 1953. This voting system ensured that the winner had the support of a majority of votes in each contest but did nothing to create proportionality.
1338:
743:
Once the final report is produced, it is then submitted to
Parliament, MPs may offer objections to the boundaries, but the boundary commissions are not compelled to make any changes as a result of the objections.
801:
Although most electoral districts in the province still conform to federal boundaries, later amendments to the 1999 legislation have reauthorized the introduction of some differences from the federal map. In the
713:. Despite the opposition that arose to the 2003 process, however, virtually the same tripartite division of the city was proposed in the boundary adjustment of 2012, although due to concerns around balancing the
538:(2019–2021). Under the "representation rule", no province that had a higher share of seats than its population share in the last redistribution can have its share of seats drop below its population share.
634:
213:
constituencies therefore became geographically larger through the 20th century and generally encompassed one or more counties each, and the word "riding" became used to refer to any electoral division.
158:, which created the electoral map for Ontario for the first federal and provincial general elections, used the term "ridings" to describe districts which were sub-divisions of counties. The word "
592:, which added three new seats in Quebec under the newly added representation rule, was the first and so far only time since 1985 that any of the other seven provinces had ever gained new seats.
120:
currently defines most of its provincial electoral districts to align with federal boundaries; no other province does so, and even Ontario maintains a few variances from federal boundaries. The
1371:
629:
On March 24, 2022, the Liberal Trudeau government tabled legislation to prevent Quebec (or any other province) from losing any seats relative to the number of seats it was apportioned in
572:
In practice, the process results in most provinces maintaining the same number of seats from one redistribution to the next, due to the senatorial and grandfather clauses—prior to the
549:
was only entitled to 71 seats by the electoral quotient alone, but through the grandfather clause the province gained seven seats to equal the 78 seats it had in the 43rd Parliament.
1403:
526:
Finally, a few special rules are applied. Under the "Senate floor", a province's number of seats in the House of Commons can never be lower than the province's representation in the
250:
647:
on June 23, 2022. The Chief Electoral Officer announced the new allocation of seats on July 8, 2022, which would result in an increase to 343 seats. The act was introduced after a
1718:
861:
member of the governing party a "safe" seat to run in, while the original report would have forced some of the party's MLAs to compete against each other in nomination contests.
1170:
545:
would have been entitled to only two seats according to the electoral quotient, but through the senatorial clause the province gained two more seats to equal its four senators.
1693:
889:
595:
Some sources incorrectly state that a special provision guaranteeing a certain number of seats to Quebec is also applied. While such a provision was proposed in the failed
1553:
1328:
485:
1271:
1055:
973:
897:
589:
630:
893:
909:
constituency office in order to properly represent all of their constituents. In Ontario, for example, the highest annual expense budgets among members of the
849:
was accused of gerrymandering after it rejected the independent boundary commission's report and instead proposed a new map that would have seen the cities of
968:
428:
298:
280:
279:(STV) to elect 10 MLAs in a single city-wide district. And then the city was made into three four-member districts, again with the seats filled through STV.
877:
798:
seats in the legislative assembly would henceforth be automatically realigned to match the federal boundaries at the first subsequent provincial election.
733:
109:
1607:
372:
705:
her constituency much easier." Instead, in the final report that was passed by the House of Commons, the Sudbury area's existing ridings of Sudbury and
1741:
502:
specified that distribution and boundary reviews should occur after each 10 year census. The boundaries for Quebec's seats were based on the 65 seats
643:, commonly known as the "Grandfather Clause". The Bill passed the House of Commons on June 15, 2022, passed the Senate on June 21, 2022, and received
105:
755:. Boundaries for one or more electoral districts were updated in 1872, 1882, 1892, 1903, 1914, 1924, 1933, and 1947. Subsequent changes are known as
706:
294:
1864:
978:
368:
290:
1361:
209:
population grew—and more importantly, most city dwellers gained the franchise after property ownership was no longer required to gain the vote.
1297:
983:
717:
region's population against its geographic size, the commission announced in 2013 that it would retain the existing electoral districts again.
432:
354:
350:
338:
183:
1966:
1947:
1917:
864:
The unequal size of electoral districts across Canada has sometimes given rise to discussion of whether all Canadians enjoy equal democratic
660:
187:
1639:
1583:
674:
507:
246:
1665:
154:. However, it became common, especially in Ontario, to divide counties with sufficient population into multiple electoral divisions. The
1715:
93:
1889:
1393:
201:
Although the term "riding" is no longer used officially to indicate an electoral district, it has passed into common usage. Soon after
1178:
97:
1904:
1837:
1690:
1224:
400:
With just a few exceptions, voters in multiple-member districts were able to cast as many votes as there were seats in the district (
397:
was used to ensure mixed representation and voter satisfaction. From 1908 to 1914, the four Toronto districts elected two MLAs each.
1199:
1626:
854:
682:
623:
1541:
1251:
1971:
910:
681:
to form the new riding of Greater Sudbury—Manitoulin, and those east and north of the central city would have been merged with
253:
elected two members from 1872 to 1903. As well, eight other federal ridings elected multiple (two) members at different times.
134:, while each province and territory has its own separate elections agency to oversee the provincial and territorial elections.
382:, between 1935 and 1974, some ridings were multi member districts, electing more than one MLA in a district at each election.
1435:
710:
619:
573:
492:
328:
541:
A province may be allocated extra seats over its base entitlement to ensure that these rules are met. In 2022, for example,
1811:
857:
each gain one additional seat, with two fewer seats allocated to rural areas of the province. The alternate map gave every
885:
812:
790:
786:
690:
669:
For example, in the 2003 boundary adjustment, the boundary commission in Ontario originally proposed dividing the city of
361:
was used. In the case of multi-member districts, separate contests were used to elect separate MLAs in the same district.
85:
481:
337:
provincially had a mix of multiple-member districts and single-member districts at the provincial level from 1871 to the
1755:
195:
408:
multi-member districts from 1920s to 1950s. STV almost always produced mixed representation with no one-party sweep.
101:
1470:
306:
191:
131:
89:
35:
1484:
914:
785:
Prior to 1999, provincial electoral districts were defined independently of federal districts; at the time of the
865:
760:
737:
566:
404:). Usually, under block voting, one single party took all the seats in the district. STV was used in Alberta and
1604:
759:, and occurred in 1952, 1966, 1976, 1987, 1996, 2003, 2013 and 2023. Such changes come into force "on the first
697:, to which it has a direct highway link, than to Sudbury. In a deputation to the boundary commission, Sudbury's
600:
535:
452:
276:
54:
1511:
264:
at one time or another used multi-seat districts. The use of multi-member districts usually led to the use of
1769:
789:, the province had 103 seats in the Canadian House of Commons but 130 in its provincial legislature. For the
435:. Similarly in Alberta, provincial districts mix geographic names with those of historical personages (e.g.,
752:
748:
639:
497:
346:
302:
265:
234:
202:
155:
678:
1868:
902:
414:
358:
261:
238:
1457:
888:, may be as small as 15 square kilometres (5.8 sq mi) or less, more rural districts, such as
1430:
846:
838:
725:
651:' motion calling for government action to protect the number of Quebec's seat after redistribution.
648:
596:
542:
364:
320:
121:
1305:
1132:
829:
the district's name is sometimes, but not always, the only substantive change that actually occurs.
740:. In the final report, the northern boundary of Toronto Centre was shifted north to Charles Street.
622:
was called, but was put forward again after the election. It was passed on December 16, 2011 as the
1329:"Liberals table bill to protect number of Quebec seats in Parliament, a condition of deal with NDP"
342:
289:
had three provincial districts that at various times returned two, five, six or seven members: see
958:
934:
709:
were retained with only minor boundary adjustments, while the Timiskaming riding was merged with
694:
531:
218:
1575:
198:
listed their electoral district as their "county" of residence instead of their actual county.
1943:
1913:
1777:
1749:
988:
724:
during the 2012 redistribution process, especially to a proposal which would have divided the
534:", the province's number of seats can also never fall below the number of seats it had in the
159:
96:
electoral district returns one representative—called, depending on the province or territory,
74:
1146:
1113:
1006:
17:
1549:
1497:
1398:
1256:
942:
930:
881:
807:
803:
714:
585:
527:
444:
334:
127:
30:
845:
is not generally seen as an issue in Canada. However, in 2006 the provincial government of
1722:
1697:
1611:
773:
670:
440:
436:
147:
58:
763:
that occurs at least seven months after the day on which that proclamation was issued".
233:
While electoral districts at both the federal and provincial levels are now exclusively
1936:
842:
806:
region, provincial districts remain in precise alignment with the federal ones; in the
610:
607:
448:
394:
510:, prior to Confederation, while the boundaries for Ontario's 82 seats were set by the
411:
As mentioned, limited voting was used in Toronto when it was a multi-member district.
1960:
1744:. House of Commons Procedure and Practice Second Edition, 2009: Parliament of Canada.
1333:
850:
825:
558:
379:
1797:
463:
Electoral district boundaries are adjusted to reflect population changes after each
1366:
963:
918:
698:
644:
550:
401:
312:
175:, literally "one-fourth"), is an English term denoting a sub-division of a county.
78:
46:
1425:
794:
729:
562:
503:
268:
but occasionally other forms of voting were used in the multi-seat districts.
163:
945:
have the largest number of ridings where visible minorities form the majority.
929:
A 2017 study found, that 41 of the 338 federal ridings, have populations where
455:). This practice is no longer employed in the other provinces and territories.
824:
demographic changes, except in 1966 when the district for the capital city of
701:
673:
into three districts. The urban core would have remained largely unchanged as
472:
210:
206:
1426:"C-14: An Act to amend the Constitution Act, 1867 (electoral representation)"
858:
614:
464:
324:
316:
171:
73:). In Canadian English it is also colloquially and more commonly known as a
1627:"City Urges Commission to Maintain Existing Federal Electoral Boundaries"
1545:
1056:"Alberta happily bucks national trend in naming riding after Ralph Klein"
677:, while communities west of the central city would have been merged with
554:
405:
272:
1492:
1465:
938:
721:
581:
577:
390:
386:
286:
117:
767:
Boundary adjustment for provincial and territorial electoral districts
1035:
Knowledge: List of post-confederation New Brunswick general elections
946:
546:
467:
242:
179:
143:
70:
50:
901:
provincial representative's constituency offices without incurring
249:
elected two members from the 1800s to 1966. The federal riding of
1938:
Commissioned ridings : designing Canada's electoral districts
1727:
1702:
257:
1200:"The House of Commons and Its Members - Composition of the House"
1090:
1088:
217:
A political party's local organization is generally known as a
34:
Map of the 338 Canadian electoral districts represented in the
1798:"Electoral Boundaries Readjustment Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. E-3)"
626:(Bill C-20), and resulted in the 2012 redistribution process.
1272:"Conservatives seek 'fairness' in reallocating Commons seats"
1171:"History of Representation in the House of Commons of Canada"
245:
elected two members from 1872 to 1933. The federal riding of
371:
districts at the provincial level from Confederation to the
142:
Originally, most electoral districts were equivalent to the
1716:"Village preserved in final riding-redistribution proposal"
949:
has the most ridings with less than 5% visible minorities.
1666:"10 Northern Ont. ridings stay, electoral commission says"
1640:"Electoral boundary changes could affect northern Ontario"
1298:"Crowded House: Parliament gets cozier as 30 seats added"
1252:"Riding size inequalities rob us of our democratic voice"
837:
Because electoral district boundaries are proposed by an
689:
rural ones rather than two city-based ridings, while the
393:
in 1886 and 1890 was a multi-member provincial district.
841:, rather than directly by political parties themselves,
130:
is the independent body set up by Parliament to oversee
1691:"Proposed riding redistribution splits Village in half"
1362:"Liberal-NDP deal might change which riding you are in"
736:
and a new riding of Mount Pleasant along the length of
569:
gained seats under the grandfather and senate clauses.
1912:(Third ed.). Gatineau, Quebec: Elections Canada.
1614:. Federal Electoral Boundaries Commission for Ontario.
685:
to create the riding of Timiskaming—Greater Sudbury.
327:, from 1920 to 1967. These seats were filled through
1605:
Proposed Electoral Boundaries Readjustment Act, 2003
693:
is much more strongly aligned with and connected to
305:
but from 1924 to 1956 the seats were filled through
112:(MHA)—to the provincial or territorial legislature.
459:
Boundary adjustment for federal electoral districts
182:, in fact, some citizens in the Ontario ridings of
1935:
913:are consistently filed by the representatives for
518:Formula for adjusting federal electoral boundaries
241:have been used in the past. The federal riding of
27:Federal or provincial electoral district in Canada
1094:
1079:
974:Historical federal electoral districts of Canada
557:also gained seats under the grandfather clause,
301:. Prior to 1924 these seats were filled through
256:As well, every province plus the territories of
283:elected two MLAs in 1949 and 1953 through STV.
1107:
1105:
1103:
655:Boundary review of federal electoral districts
631:2012 Canadian federal electoral redistribution
561:gained seats under the senatorial clause, and
1942:. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press.
1112:Department of Justice (Canada) (2022-03-22).
8:
1629:. City of Greater Sudbury, October 29, 2002.
969:List of Canadian federal electoral districts
84:Each federal electoral district returns one
1518:. House of Commons of Canada. June 23, 2022
637:amended Rule 2 of subsection 51(1) of the
341:. Members were elected through plurality (
315:used multi-member provincial districts in
1622:
1620:
1838:"Electoral map a distraction: Constable"
1247:
1245:
1026:A Report on Alberta Elections, 1905-1982
29:
1586:from the original on September 20, 2022
1044:A Report on Alberta Elections 1905-1982
1007:Constitution Act, 1867, First Schedule.
999:
979:Canadian provincial electoral districts
1747:
1542:"New House of Commons Seat Allocation"
984:Population of Canadian federal ridings
491:The number of electoral districts for
1406:from the original on 10 February 2022
1296:Thandi Fletcher (December 16, 2011).
1225:"Ontario to gain seats in Parliament"
1164:
1162:
751:, the boundaries were defined by the
661:Electoral Boundaries Readjustment Act
146:used for local government, hence the
7:
1865:"Mowat Centre for Policy Innovation"
1500:. June 21, 2022. pp. 1773–1774.
1223:Howlett, Karen (December 17, 2008).
872:population of Prince Edward Island.
508:Parliament of the Province of Canada
124:is also elected on federal ridings.
57:is based. It is officially known in
1360:Levitz, Stephanie (24 March 2022).
1054:Wingrove, Josh (November 3, 2010).
898:Desnethé—Missinippi—Churchill River
1770:"Federal electoral district (FED)"
1512:"JOURNALS Thursday, June 23, 2022"
1438:from the original on 24 March 2022
1374:from the original on 24 March 2022
728:neighbourhood, the city's primary
98:Member of the Legislative Assembly
25:
1800:. Justice Canada. March 22, 2022.
1341:from the original on 11 June 2022
1114:"Constitution Acts, 1867 to 1982"
937:form the majority of the riding.
732:, between the existing riding of
229:Historical multi-member districts
1556:from the original on 8 July 2022
1304:. Postmedia News. Archived from
894:Abitibi—Baie-James—Nunavik—Eeyou
1906:A History of the Vote in Canada
1493:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
1466:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
911:Legislative Assembly of Ontario
720:Similarly, opposition arose in
349:). The only exception were the
110:Member of the House of Assembly
106:Member of Provincial Parliament
102:Member of the National Assembly
1812:"No Christmas election: Binns"
1473:. June 15, 2022. p. 6768.
1327:Woolf, Marie (24 March 2022).
493:first federal election in 1867
329:multiple non-transferable vote
223:electoral district association
1:
813:2018 Ontario general election
793:, however, the government of
791:1999 Ontario general election
787:1995 Ontario general election
178:In some of Canada's earliest
18:Provincial electoral district
1967:Canadian electoral districts
1394:"The representation formula"
1270:Taber, Jane (June 2, 2011).
866:representation by population
43:electoral district in Canada
1988:
1934:Courtney, John C. (2001).
1471:House of Commons of Canada
658:
606:In 2008 the government of
307:single transferable voting
132:Canadian federal elections
90:House of Commons of Canada
1903:Elections Canada (2021).
761:dissolution of Parliament
567:Newfoundland and Labrador
480:On some occasions (e.g.,
239:multiple-member districts
94:provincial or territorial
1754:: CS1 maint: location (
1485:"Constitution Act, 1867"
536:43rd Canadian Parliament
482:Timiskaming—French River
453:James Alexander Lougheed
277:single transferable vote
65:but frequently called a
55:representative democracy
925:Demographics of ridings
624:Fair Representation Act
235:single-member districts
1972:Constitution of Canada
1742:"Electoral boundaries"
1154:Constitution Act, 1915
1148:Constitution Act, 1867
1134:Constitution Act, 1867
753:Constitution Act, 1867
749:Canadian Confederation
640:Constitution Act, 1867
512:Constitution Act, 1867
498:Constitution Act, 1867
347:plurality block voting
303:plurality block voting
266:plurality block voting
156:Constitution Act, 1867
38:
1095:Elections Canada 2021
1080:Elections Canada 2021
915:Mushkegowuk—James Bay
903:long-distance calling
359:instant-runoff voting
262:Northwest Territories
169:"one-third" (compare
33:
1731:, February 26, 2013.
1580:Parliament of Canada
1431:Parliament of Canada
1152:, as enacted by the
847:Prince Edward Island
819:Prince Edward Island
811:boundaries. For the
757:Representation Order
726:Church and Wellesley
691:Timiskaming District
597:Charlottetown Accord
543:Prince Edward Island
365:Prince Edward Island
221:; the legal term is
122:Toronto City Council
86:Member of Parliament
1818:. November 16, 2006
1672:. February 27, 2013
1169:Canada, Elections.
590:2012 redistribution
343:first past the post
1721:2013-03-18 at the
1706:, August 31, 2012.
1696:2012-10-17 at the
1610:2012-06-16 at the
1458:"Constitution Act"
1276:The Globe and Mail
1229:The Globe and Mail
1060:The Globe and Mail
959:Electoral district
931:visible minorities
601:Representation Act
532:grandfather clause
422:Naming conventions
271:From 1920 to 1949
219:riding association
45:is a geographical
39:
1949:978-0-7735-2265-7
1919:978-0-660-37056-9
1778:Statistics Canada
1774:Census Dictionary
1646:. August 28, 2012
1582:. March 2, 2022.
1544:(Press release).
1308:on March 14, 2013
1260:, March 25, 2011.
1204:www.ourcommons.ca
1017:Parliament Guides
989:Riding (division)
890:Timmins-James Bay
679:Algoma—Manitoulin
16:(Redirected from
1979:
1953:
1941:
1923:
1911:
1891:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1867:. Archived from
1860:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1834:
1828:
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1550:Elections Canada
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1498:Senate of Canada
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1399:Elections Canada
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1177:. Archived from
1175:www.elections.ca
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1024:
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1004:
943:British Columbia
882:Vancouver Centre
839:arms-length body
833:Political issues
808:Northern Ontario
804:Southern Ontario
738:Wellesley Street
715:Northern Ontario
586:British Columbia
506:had held in the
495:were set by the
486:Toronto—Danforth
445:Calgary-Lougheed
357:elections, when
335:British Columbia
150:unofficial term
128:Elections Canada
36:House of Commons
21:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1976:
1957:
1956:
1950:
1933:
1930:
1928:Further reading
1920:
1909:
1902:
1894:
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1847:
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1844:. June 15, 2006
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927:
835:
821:
783:
774:election agency
769:
671:Greater Sudbury
663:
657:
520:
461:
441:Laurence Decore
437:Edmonton-Decore
424:
385:In the case of
378:In the case of
231:
140:
63:circonscription
59:Canadian French
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1985:
1983:
1975:
1974:
1969:
1959:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1948:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1918:
1899:
1898:
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1882:
1871:on 6 July 2011
1863:Mowat Centre.
1855:
1829:
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992:
991:
986:
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926:
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878:Toronto Centre
843:gerrymandering
834:
831:
820:
817:
782:
779:
768:
765:
734:Toronto Centre
659:Main article:
656:
653:
649:Bloc Québécois
611:Stephen Harper
608:Prime Minister
519:
516:
460:
457:
449:Peter Lougheed
433:Honoré-Mercier
423:
420:
395:Limited voting
230:
227:
139:
136:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1984:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1951:
1945:
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1598:
1590:September 19,
1585:
1581:
1577:
1576:"VOTE NO. 33"
1571:
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1516:ourcommons.ca
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1334:National Post
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1181:on 2020-09-15
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1097:, p. 79.
1096:
1091:
1089:
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1082:, p. 78.
1081:
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871:
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862:
860:
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851:Charlottetown
848:
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827:
826:Charlottetown
818:
816:
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620:2011 election
616:
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604:
602:
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593:
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587:
583:
579:
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574:2015 election
570:
568:
564:
560:
559:New Brunswick
556:
552:
548:
544:
539:
537:
533:
530:. Under the "
529:
524:
517:
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513:
509:
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398:
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388:
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381:
380:New Brunswick
376:
374:
373:1996 election
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352:
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340:
339:1991 election
336:
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203:Confederation
199:
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60:
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44:
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19:
1937:
1905:
1885:
1873:. Retrieved
1869:the original
1858:
1846:. Retrieved
1841:
1832:
1820:. Retrieved
1815:
1806:
1792:
1781:. Retrieved
1773:
1764:
1736:
1726:
1711:
1701:
1686:
1674:. Retrieved
1669:
1660:
1648:. Retrieved
1643:
1634:
1600:
1588:. Retrieved
1579:
1570:
1558:. Retrieved
1536:
1527:
1520:. Retrieved
1515:
1506:
1491:
1479:
1464:
1452:
1440:. Retrieved
1429:
1420:
1408:. Retrieved
1397:
1388:
1376:. Retrieved
1367:Toronto Star
1365:
1355:
1343:. Retrieved
1332:
1322:
1312:December 19,
1310:. Retrieved
1306:the original
1301:
1291:
1279:. Retrieved
1275:
1265:
1255:
1232:. Retrieved
1228:
1218:
1207:. Retrieved
1203:
1194:
1183:. Retrieved
1179:the original
1174:
1153:
1147:
1142:
1133:
1128:
1117:. Retrieved
1075:
1063:. Retrieved
1059:
1049:
1040:
1031:
1022:
1013:
1002:
964:Constituency
928:
919:Kiiwetinoong
907:
874:
869:
863:
836:
822:
800:
784:
770:
756:
746:
742:
719:
699:deputy mayor
687:
668:
664:
645:royal assent
638:
628:
613:proposed an
605:
594:
571:
551:Saskatchewan
540:
525:
521:
511:
496:
490:
479:
471:
462:
429:Louis-HĂ©bert
425:
413:
410:
402:block voting
399:
384:
377:
363:
333:
313:Saskatchewan
311:
299:Medicine Hat
285:
281:St. Boniface
270:
255:
232:
222:
216:
200:
177:
170:
166:
151:
141:
126:
114:
88:(MP) to the
83:
79:constituency
66:
62:
47:constituency
42:
40:
1897:Works cited
1136:, s. 51(2).
795:Mike Harris
730:gay village
707:Nickel Belt
683:Timiskaming
563:Nova Scotia
504:Canada East
369:dual-member
164:Old English
138:Terminology
49:upon which
1961:Categories
1783:2012-03-02
1496:. Canada:
1469:. Canada:
1302:Canada.com
1209:2023-07-08
1185:2021-02-19
1119:2022-03-30
995:References
855:Summerside
702:Ron Dupuis
473:status quo
1848:March 14,
1822:March 14,
1676:March 14,
1650:March 14,
1281:March 14,
1234:March 14,
1065:March 14,
905:charges.
859:incumbent
711:Nipissing
695:North Bay
635:Bill C-14
615:amendment
465:decennial
325:Moose Jaw
317:Saskatoon
108:(MPP) or
1875:23 March
1842:CBC News
1816:CBC News
1750:cite web
1719:Archived
1694:Archived
1670:CBC News
1644:CBC News
1608:Archived
1584:Archived
1554:Archived
1546:Gatineau
1522:June 24,
1442:25 March
1436:Archived
1434:. 2022.
1410:26 March
1404:Archived
1402:. 2022.
1378:25 March
1372:Archived
1345:25 March
1339:Archived
1150:, s. 51A
953:See also
886:Papineau
555:Manitoba
406:Manitoba
295:Edmonton
273:Winnipeg
251:Victoria
225:or EDA.
188:Cardwell
184:Bothwell
180:censuses
172:farthing
167:*ĂľriĂ°ing
162:", from
144:counties
939:Ontario
781:Ontario
722:Toronto
675:Sudbury
582:Alberta
578:Ontario
576:, only
391:Toronto
387:Ontario
309:(STV).
291:Calgary
287:Alberta
247:Halifax
196:Niagara
118:Ontario
104:(MNA),
100:(MLA),
92:; each
1946:
1916:
1560:8 July
947:Quebec
935:Whites
870:entire
547:Quebec
528:Senate
468:census
447:after
439:after
321:Regina
243:Ottawa
205:, the
160:riding
148:French
75:riding
71:county
51:Canada
1910:(PDF)
1728:Xtra!
1703:Xtra!
1488:(PDF)
1461:(PDF)
933:/Non
275:used
258:Yukon
211:Rural
207:urban
192:Monck
152:comté
67:comté
61:as a
1944:ISBN
1914:ISBN
1877:2010
1850:2020
1824:2020
1756:link
1678:2020
1652:2020
1592:2022
1562:2022
1524:2022
1444:2022
1412:2022
1380:2022
1347:2022
1314:2011
1283:2020
1236:2020
1067:2020
941:and
917:and
853:and
584:and
565:and
553:and
451:and
367:had
355:1953
353:and
351:1952
323:and
297:and
260:and
194:and
896:or
884:or
747:At
415:IRV
345:or
77:or
53:'s
41:An
1963::
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1382:.
1349:.
1316:.
1285:.
1238:.
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69:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
