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supposed to be shipped to Salt Lake, but they were held up to be displayed in front of the prisoners at Fort Utah as a warning. The prisoners, including those who sought shelter in the fort before the war, were left in the cold under the fort's cannon, some of whom were dying from exposure. William Potter, who was upset at the condition, petitioned for blankets for the prisoners, which were eventually given. More than forty prisoners, mostly women and children, were taken and placed with Mormon families "as servants" in Salt Lake City "for the purpose of weaning them from their savage pursuits, and bringing them up in the habits of civilized and
Christian life". It did not go as planned, as many died and most escaped to live with other Ute bands, especially in the spring. News of the enslavement reached the US Government, and became one of the first priorities of Edward Cooper after he was appointed as Indian Agent of Utah later that year.
736:
Grant's command, followed the trail of some
Timpanogos who had fled up Rock Canyon; Black Hawk helped the militia to track the fleeing Timpanogos. They set up camp at the mouth of the canyon, where they took 23 prisoners and found about a dozen dead bodies, including the body of Pareyarts. Further up the canyon, they found more tepees and killed more Timpanogos and took more prisoners. Some of the prisoners were later executed. Ope-carry, Patsowet, and their families: six women and seven children, managed to flee over the mountains using snowshoes they made in the canyon. According to Edward Tullidge, Pareyarts's young, beautiful, and intelligent wife was found dead in Rock Canyon. One account says that one of the Timpanogos women killed herself by falling from a precipice. It is possible that the woman was Pareyarts's wife, and local legends say that Squaw Peak was named for her.
838:, and Soweitte, in an effort to force the Indians to relinquish any right to the land and relocate them away from Latter-day Saint settlements. Brigham Young told them, "If you do not sell your land to the Government, they will take it, whether you are willing to sell it or not ... And it won't make one particle of difference whether you say they may have the land or not, because we shall increase, and we shall occupy this valley and the next, and the next, and so on til' we occupy the whole of them." All the leaders except San Pitch eventually signed the treaty. The United States Congress did not ratify the treaty however, leading to death and starvation when promised provisions did not arrive as Utes were forced to winter in Strawberry Valley in 1867 while en-route to what would become the
628:
the men hunting deer, expressed his displeasure, and the men killed him. They filled his body with rocks and threw it in the Provo River. The men went back to Fort Utah and openly bragged about the murder. The
Timpanogos found the body and discovered that Richard Ivie was involved in the murder. The Timpanogos were angry, and demanded that the murderers be handed over, to which the settlers refused. The Timpanogos asked for material compensation for Old Bishop's death according to Timpanogos custom, which the settlers also refused, which enraged the Timpanogos, given how they were sharing prime pasture and fishing land. Some Timpanogos shot at cattle that were trespassing on their land or took the settlers' corn in response.
744:. Wells wrote a letter to Brigham Young asking what he should do. On February 14, Brigham Young wrote a letter instructing Wells to kill them if they did not surrender. Lieutenant Gunnison of the Stansbury Expedition reported that the Mormons promised to be friendly to the Timpanogos men. They held them prisoner overnight; but then in the morning lined up the Timpanogos men to be executed in front of their families. Some attempted to flee across the frozen lake, but the Mormons ran after them on horseback and shot them. At least eleven Timpanogos men were killed; one account reports as many as twenty. The family members were then taken captive.
535:
775:
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to move into the valley, they were actively blocked by a group of
Timpanogos led by An-kar-tewets with warnings that trespassing would be met with death. D. Robert Carter suggests that An-kar-tewets was probably demanding a tribute for the travels of the caravan through their territory. Later, a Timpanogos chief met with Huntington, possibly Black Elk. Huntington said that the settlement would be beneficial for the Timpanogos and reported that the leader consented to the Mormons settling there after Huntington swore they would not drive the Timpanogos off their lands or take away their rights.
563:. Scott's men surrounded the camp of several men and their families. The surrounded group refused to talk and opened fire on the company, even though they were considerably weaker. Scott's men threw rocks at those fleeing in the creek, which caused the women and children to surrender. Pareyarts and Opecarry (aka Stick-in-the-Head), both leaders of local Timpanogos tribes, watched the settlers "relentlessly shoot down" the remaining Timpanogos. This contributed to their later mistrust of the settlers during the events preceding the Provo River Massacre.
580:
728:
were probably joined by warriors from villages on the
Spanish Fork river and Peteetneet Creek. The next day, the soldiers mounted shields on sledges and the defending Timpanogos suffered about ten casualties and Chief Opecarry was wounded. Joseph Higbee, son of Isaac Higbee, was the only casualty of the Mormons. The Timpanogos fled during the night after the second day of fighting. They split into two groups. Pareyarts took a small group of wounded and sick and fled to
650:
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700:. Stansbury had also been a victim of cattle theft and supported Young's decision to go to war by providing supplies and the services of his physician. On February 2, Brigham Young announced his decision to the general assembly, and General Wells called for volunteers. On February 4, Captain Grant headed towards Fort Utah, followed shortly by Major Andrew Lytle.
685:
against the
Timpanogos, with orders to kill all the Timpanogos men, but to spare the women and children if they behaved. General Wells drafted the extermination order as Special Order No. 2 and sent them to Captain George D. Grant. In his letter, he told Grant "Take no hostile Indians as prisoners" and "let none escape but do the work up clean".
42:
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that the situation was getting dangerous. They wanted a military party to attack the
Timpanogos. Not knowing the story of Old Bishop's murder, Brigham Young noted that a white man wouldn't be murdered over stealing an item like a shirt or ox, and said that the Timpanogos shouldn't be killed over theft either.
735:
After having received a letter about the poor attitude of the settlers in working with Wells's troops, Brigham Young sent Wells to lead the army with the expanded mission "not to leave the valley until every Indian was out." On
February 11, Wells split the army into two. One contingent, under Captain
719:
The
Timpanogos had fortified their village with barricades made from stacked logs and fallen timber. The fortifications housed seventy warriors and their families. The Timpanogos were headed by Pareyarts, who was sick from the measles. Some Timpanogos who were friends with some of the settlers sought
610:
The fort was built on the sacred grounds for the annual fish festival and very close to the main
Timpanogos village on the Provo River. The settlers fenced off pastures. Their cattle would eat and trample the seeds and berries that were an important part of the Timpanogos diet. They used gill nets to
575:
and Isaac Higbee as counselors. They headed towards Timpanogos territory with 30 families or 150 people. It is likely that the settlers arrived on April 1 and began construction of the fort on April 3. The Timpanogos viewed this as an invasion of their territory and sacred land. As the settlers tried
627:
In August, a Timpanog named Old Bishop was murdered by Rufus Stoddard, Richard Ivie, and Gerome Zabrisky over a shirt they wanted from him. Another account from Thomas Orr states that the Timpanogos agreed not to take the settlers' cattle if they would not kill their wild game. Old Bishop discovered
558:
The next month on March 3, Scott's men made their way down the Provo River and asked Little Chief and his camp about where the men accused of stealing cattle were. Little Chief's tribe was understandably worried about the fifty armed White men, and Little Chief agreed to show Scott where the accused
727:
was sent from Salt Lake City and on February 8, they engaged the Timpanogos in battle. Their initial strategy was to encircle the Timpanogos village and kill all hostile Timpanogos. The Timpanogos fortified themselves in an abandoned cabin, and the first day ended in a stalemate. Pareyarts's braves
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The other contingent, led by Wells, divided into smaller parties and searched the southern valley for Timpanogos to kill. They first attacked a village along the Spanish Fork River, and then a village on Peteetneet Creek. On February 13, 15–20 Timpanogos families surrendered to Captain Grant in
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traded with Timpanogos groups, giving them more guns and ammunition. Williams kicked Pareyarts out of Mrs. Hunt's house after he asked for some medicine for measles, and later, three of Mrs. Hunt's cattle went missing. By January 1850, settlers of Fort Utah reported to officials in Salt Lake City
606:
Relations between the two groups seemed to warm, with Mormons and Timpanogos fishing and gambling together. Brigham Young disapproved of their familiarity with one another and advised Huntington and Alexander Williams to be the sole traders. Parley P. Pratt visited and made rules against gambling
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The settlers in Utah Ft. then made a law to keep all Indians out of the fort. Pareyarts who was sick with the measles came in for some medicine went to Sister Hunt's house where Alexander Williams saw him and took him by the nape of the neck and kicked him out of the fort. That same evening the
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A government surgeon, James Blake, went to the execution site and cut off the Timpanogos' heads for later examination. Captain Howard Stansbury wanted the heads for "future scientific study" and planned to take them to Washington. Around 50 decapitated Timpanogos heads were gathered. They were
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argued for the killing of the Timpanogos, since losing Fort Utah would cut off communication to the southern Utah colonies. Young was also concerned that losing Fort Utah would disrupt his plans to settle other fertile valleys and have a route to California. He ordered an extermination campaign
554:
Around February 1849, Dimick B. Huntington spoke with Timpanogos leader Little Chief about some of the settlers' missing cattle. Little Chief said that Roman Nose and Blue Shirt were great thieves who had decided to live off of the settlers' cattle all winter. Little Chief said that the Mormons
476:
men and one woman with guns and a cannon during the attack as well as during the pursuit and capture of the two groups that fled the last night. One militiaman died and eighteen were wounded from return fire during the siege. Of the Timpanogos people who fled in the night, one group escaped
814:
Utah Lake had been a meeting place central to Ute culture, but after the battle, permanent Indian occupation of Utah valley was prevented. Resentment by the Indians over the incident towards the Latter-day Saints became intense in the years following and was a factor contributing to
732:. Opecarry took the rest of the Timpanogos towards the Spanish Fork River. Black Hawk reported to the settlers that the village was deserted the next morning; about eight bodies were found in the camp, killed possibly by exposure to the cold or shots from Nauvoo Legion.
611:
catch fish, which left little for the Timpanogos to eat. With traditional sources of food gone, they soon experienced massive starvation. The new presence of settlers also exposed the longtime residents of Utah Valley to measles, and they began dying in large numbers.
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in the past year from the main settlement in the Salt Lake Valley. The two groups enjoyed some moments of mutual friendship. However, after a Timpanogos man (called Old Bishop) stole an item of clothing from an LDS settler, three LDS men retaliated by murdering him.
525:
to lead the army. After the Timpanogos defended themselves from within their village and an abandoned cabin, they fled their camp. The Mormons pursued the Timpanogos people from Chief Old Elk's tribe and killed any other Timpanogos people they found in the valley.
1849:
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negotiated a peace treaty, and Brigham Young again advised Fort Utah not to hold the Timpanogos as equals, but to "have dominion" over them. Winter was especially hard and Timpanogos took 50–60 cattle for food. California-bound
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discovered the decapitated bodies and asked Fort Utah about the bodies. Patsowet returned to the Salt Lake area and killed livestock belonging to Mormons in retaliation for the violence done to his tribe and threatened to kill
489:
and sold as slaves to church members there. The bodies of up to 50 Timpanogos men were beheaded by some of the settlers and their heads put on display at the fort as a warning to the mostly women and children prisoners inside.
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I say go kill them. . . . Tell Dimick Huntington to go and kill them—also Barney Ward—let the women and children live if they behave themselves. . . . We have no peace until the men killed off—never treat the Indian as your
1906:
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Later in the day on February 14, the Nauvoo Legion spotted five more Timpanogos men on horseback, and killed three of them. On February 15, they killed three more Timpanogos men on the Peteetneet river, probably members of
1842:
555:
should kill these renegades, perhaps out of fear that his tribe would be blamed and killed for the missing cattle. Captain John Scott took fifty men into Utah Valley to put a "final end" to the "depredations.".
1744:
If the Indians sue for peace, grant it to them, according to your discretion and judgment in the case. If they continue hostile pursue them until you use them up – Let it be peace with them or extermination."
538:
January 26, 1850 meeting minutes of Brigham Young and his council deciding whether to attack the Utah Valley Indians. The last line is Brigham Young's motion, "I say go and kill them," which was unanimously
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330 by 165 feet , with gates in the east and west ends, and an elevated middle deck for the cannon. The surrounding land was divided into 58, 5-acre (2 ha) lots.
210:
1513:"Historian's Office general Church minutes, 1839-1877; 1846-1850; 1850 January-March; Salt Lake City, 1850 January 3, 1850 February 10; Church History Library"
494:
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752:'s tribe. On February 17, they killed another Timpanogos person in Rock Canyon. In total, one militia man and an estimated 102 Timpanogos were killed.
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to exterminate any Timpanogos hostile to the Mormon settlement. Young sent the Nauvoo Legion down with Captain George D. Grant and later sent General
481:. Both groups were captured, however, and the men were executed. Over 40 Timpanogos children, women, and a few men were taken as prisoners to nearby
2109:
1810:
Nielson, Parker M. The dispossessed: Cultural genocide of the mixed-blood utes: An Advocate’s chronicle. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1998.
2094:
2063:
81:
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Exploration and survey of the valley of the Great Salt Lake of Utah, including a reconnoissance of a new route through the Rocky Mountains
1206:
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was then arrested and put on trial for the murder of the Mormon militiaman killed at Fort Utah. Patsowet was convicted and executed.
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Jones, Sondra. Being and becoming ute: The story of an American Indian people. Salt Lake City: The University of Utah Press, 2019.
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Illustration of the inside of Fort Utah in 1850 showing the cannon platform that would be used to shelter the surviving prisoners
2144:
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to petition Young for a war order. He stated that all the occupants of Fort Utah were in agreement that they should go to war.
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A group of Timpanogos people responded to the murder by stealing around 50 cattle. Settlers in Fort Utah petitioned leaders in
1927:
653:
General Wells Special Order Number 1, instructing "exterminating such as do not separate themselves from their hostile clans".
1872:
1461:
571:
On March 10, 1849, Brigham Young assigned 30 families to settle Utah Valley, with John S. Higbee as president and translator
1483:
Indians stole three cows out of Mrs. Hunt's yard and continued stealing, which was the commencement of Indian difficulties.
715:'s former name of Squaw Peak was reportedly derived from Big Elk's wife who died there trying to escape the Mormon militia.
2164:
1512:
666:
326:
254:
196:
2159:
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926:
74:
2129:
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1756:
Stansbury, Howard; Spencer Fullerton Baird; Charles Girard; Samuel Stehman Haldeman; John Torrey; James Hall (1852).
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59:
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Previous to the massacre the Timpanogos people initially tolerated the new presence of the settlers from the
1994:
1371:
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to intimidate the Timpanogos. They also built several log houses, surrounded by a tall 14-foot (4.3 m)
285:
280:
1827:
2114:
1565:
579:
295:
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244:
1540:
Utah Historical Quarterly Volume XLVI Open Hand and Mailed Fist: Mormon-Indian Relations in Utah, 1847–52
1963:
1889:
856:
769:
549:
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1978:
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861:
835:
827:
637:
572:
380:
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1947:
1721:
1625:
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596:
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shelter in Fort Utah before the battle, including Antonga, whom the Mormons called "Black Hawk."
560:
387:
1622:"Indians Vs. Settlers in Battle of Provo River: Utes' amazing escape through the 'House of God'"
1496:
1784:
1667:
1471:
1440:
1366:
1290:
1163:
1117:
1083:
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919:
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A White artist's caricatured depiction of the prisoners at Fort Utah under the cannon platform
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918:
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741:
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514:
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510:
375:
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1937:
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273:
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one winter morning, and laid siege for two days, eventually shooting between 40 and 100
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2025:
1973:
1021:
866:
851:
708:
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239:
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1113:
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Take no hostile Indians as prisoners...let none escape but do the work up clean.
1331:"The Rest of the Story: Latter-day Saint Relations with Utah's Native Americans"
1203:"The History of Utah American Indians: Chapter Five – The Northern Utes of Utah"
823:
498:
469:
67:
55:
1717:
999:
A Historical Study of the Exploration of Utah Valley and the Story of Fort Utah
465:
302:
124:
96:
83:
1942:
1877:
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693:
592:
482:
432:
427:
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406:
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266:
63:
2015:
1932:
1882:
1659:
Blood of the Prophets: Brigham Young and the Massacre at Mountain Meadows
600:
588:
457:
220:
1109:
The Other Slavery: The Uncovered Story of Indian Enslavement in America
799:
1776:
Violence over the Land: Indians and Empires in the Early American West
1156:
Kerry Ross Boren; Lisa Lee Boren; Randy W. Lewis (February 14, 2023).
661:
of Fort Utah, met with Governor Brigham Young, militia leader General
41:
831:
461:
172:
149:
1407:"Open Hand and Mailed Fist: Mormon-Indian Relations in Utah 1847-52"
1159:
The Utah Gold Rush: The Lost Rhoades Mine and the Hathenbruck Legacy
1737:
1584:
1558:
Fred A. Conetah (1982). Kathryn L. MacKay; Floyd A. O'Neil (eds.).
657:
On January 31, 1850, Isaac Higbee, who had replaced John Higbee as
619:
1420:
773:
707:
648:
618:
578:
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group was. Little Chief's two sons led Scott's men to a camp near
533:
1028:
Charles Redd Center for Western Studies. Intermountain Histories.
1185:"The Black Hawk War; Fort Utah & Battle Creek – Gottfredson"
145:
1831:
1463:
The Whites Want Every Thing: Indian-Mormon Relations, 1847–1877
192:
623:
Drawing of Timpanogos leader Pareyarts (Old Elk) and his wife.
1282:
On Zion's Mount: Mormons, Indians, and the American Landscape
692:
of the U.S. Topographical engineers who was in Utah mapping
497:(LDS Church) who had only recently begun moving south into
188:
27:
1850 killing of over 40 Native Americans by Mormon settlers
822:
In June 1865 Brigham Young and the Indian superintendent,
1859:
Native American people and the Latter Day Saint movement
1739:
Becoming a "Messenger of Peace": Jacob Hamblin in Tooele
1586:
Becoming a "Messenger of Peace": Jacob Hamblin in Tooele
842:. By 1869, all Indians in Utah Valley had been removed.
607:
with the Timpanogos and against shooting near the fort.
2120:
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Utah
1310:
1308:
1306:
544:
Mormon settlers massacre Timpanogos men at Battle Creek
2135:
Wars between the United States and Native Americans
2008:
1987:
1956:
1920:
1865:
179:
163:
155:
141:
131:
120:
112:
73:
51:
34:
1348:"Mormons and Native Americans historical Overview"
1101:
1099:
917:Hafen, LeRoy Reuben; Woodbury Hafen, Ann (1993).
762:Act for the relief of Indian Slaves and Prisoners
1806:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1642:The History of Salt Lake City and Its Founders
1400:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1388:
688:On February 1, Brigham Young met with Captain
1843:
1436:Manuscript History of Brigham Young 1847–1850
204:
159:40–100 men and 1–2 woman; 1 militiaman killed
8:
958:Great Basin Indians: An Encyclopedic History
509:to go to war with the group. Isaac Higbee,
495:Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
1850:
1836:
1828:
1439:. Collier's Publishing. pp. 261–262.
1362:"Murdered Ute's Ghost Haunts Utah History"
1274:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1260:
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1151:
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1141:
1139:
1137:
1015:
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921:Old Spanish Trail: Santa Fe to Los Angeles
211:
197:
189:
40:
31:
1242:
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1238:
1236:
1234:
1232:
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1228:
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1224:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
883:
881:
485:. They were later taken northward to the
2170:Massacres committed by Latter Day Saints
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1716:Anna Maria Alberghetti (June 6, 1962).
877:
464:militiamen surrounded an encampment of
46:Artist's depiction of Fort Utah in 1849
991:
989:
987:
477:southward, and the other ran east to
7:
1561:A History of the Northern Ute People
1316:"Fort Utah and Battle Creek 1849–50"
894:. Uintah-Ouray Ute Tribe. p. 38
891:A History of the Northern Ute People
840:Uintah and Ouray Indian Reservation
2074:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
1370:, November 5, 2000, archived from
1106:Andrés Reséndez (April 12, 2016).
25:
1656:Will Bagley (September 6, 2012).
1639:Tullidge, Edward William (1850).
1460:Bagley, Will (October 17, 2019).
2068:
2059:
2058:
1020:Bernhard, Joshua (May 9, 2017).
819:that took place from 1853-1854.
2110:Native American history of Utah
1517:catalog.churchofjesuschrist.org
2095:Anti-Indigenous racism in Utah
1873:Mormon teachings on skin color
1762:. Lippincott, Grambo & Co.
1718:"Fort Utah on the Provo River"
830:with the leaders of the Utes,
1:
671:Quorum of the Twelve Apostles
1689:"'Squaw' still Utah moniker"
1664:University of Oklahoma Press
1468:University of Oklahoma Press
1189:www.blackhawkproductions.com
1002:(Master of History thesis).
927:University of Nebraska Press
183:Retaliation for cattle theft
2150:Slavery of Native Americans
1687:Dana, Jens (May 12, 2008).
1405:Christy, Howard A. (1978).
456:) was a violent attack and
2186:
2155:History of slavery in Utah
2000:Salt Creek Canyon massacre
1928:Black Hawk War (1865–1872)
1895:History of slavery in Utah
1606:History of Utah, 1540–1886
1082:. Provo City Corporation.
1076:Carter, D. Robert (2003).
964:University of Nevada Press
766:History of slavery in Utah
759:
547:
2054:
1568:. p. 38 – via
1412:Utah Historical Quarterly
954:Hittman, Michael (2013).
888:Conetah, Fred A. (1982).
567:Initial Mormon settlement
228:
39:
1912:Indian Placement Program
1781:Harvard University Press
1329:Elder Marlin K. Jensen.
1287:Harvard University Press
1183:Gottfredson, Phillip B.
1026:Brigham Young University
1022:"The Provo River Battle"
1004:Brigham Young University
826:met at the mouth of the
1995:Fountain Green massacre
996:Colton, Ray C. (1946).
2145:Mormonism and violence
2125:1850 in Utah Territory
2105:19th-century Mormonism
1773:Ned Blackhawk (2009).
1603:Hubert Howe Bancroft.
1566:University of Michigan
1279:Farmer, Jared (2008).
779:
716:
654:
624:
614:
584:
540:
1964:Battle Creek massacre
1890:Mormonism and slavery
925:. Lincoln, Nebraska:
857:Battle Creek massacre
777:
770:Mormonism and slavery
711:
652:
622:
587:The settlers built a
582:
550:Battle Creek massacre
537:
2165:February 1850 events
1979:Circleville Massacre
1969:Provo River massacre
1907:Interracial marriage
1783:. pp. 239–240.
1495:Eugene E. Campbell.
1374:on December 16, 2016
862:Circleville massacre
631:In October, apostle
595:and armed it with a
573:Dimick B. Huntington
460:in 1850 in which 90
450:Provo River Massacre
18:Provo River Massacre
2160:Wars fought in Utah
2140:Religion-based wars
1988:Massacre of Mormons
1957:Massacre by Mormons
1948:Bear River Massacre
1620:Carter, D. Robert.
1537:Howard A. Christy.
645:Planning the attack
615:Old Bishop's murder
597:twelve-pound cannon
561:Battle Creek Canyon
448:(also known as the
446:Battle at Fort Utah
291:Gunnison Expedition
262:Battle at Fort Utah
255:Ojo Caliente Canyon
137:Punitive Expedition
116:February 8–17, 1850
93: /
35:Battle of Fort Utah
2130:Ute (ethnic group)
1900:Indian Slavery Act
1079:Founding Fort Utah
904:University of Utah
828:Spanish Fork River
780:
717:
655:
625:
585:
541:
454:Fort Utah Massacre
388:Pinhook Draw fight
97:40.255°N 111.666°W
2100:Conflicts in 1850
2082:
2081:
1736:Todd M. Compton.
1583:Todd M. Compton.
1498:Establishing Zion
1367:Salt Lake Tribune
441:
440:
296:Gunnison Massacre
187:
186:
16:(Redirected from
2177:
2072:
2062:
2061:
1852:
1845:
1838:
1829:
1820:
1817:
1811:
1808:
1795:
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1734:See footnote in
1732:
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1492:
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1424:
1419:(6) – via
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1335:
1326:
1320:
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1301:
1300:
1276:
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1218:
1216:
1214:
1205:. Archived from
1199:
1193:
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1180:
1174:
1173:
1153:
1132:
1131:
1103:
1094:
1093:
1073:
1030:
1029:
1017:
1008:
1007:
993:
982:
981:
962:. Reno, Nevada:
961:
951:
945:
944:
924:
914:
908:
907:
901:
899:
885:
787:Chief Peteetneet
750:Chief Peteetneet
742:Lake Shore, Utah
690:Howard Stansbury
682:Willard Richards
667:First Presidency
515:Willard Richards
487:Salt Lake Valley
474:Native American
468:families on the
407:Cottonwood Gulch
310:Black Hawk's War
223:
213:
206:
199:
190:
108:
107:
105:
104:
103:
102:40.255; -111.666
98:
94:
91:
90:
89:
86:
44:
32:
21:
2185:
2184:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2174:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2050:
2046:Larry Echo Hawk
2004:
1983:
1952:
1916:
1861:
1856:
1825:
1823:
1818:
1814:
1809:
1798:
1791:
1772:
1771:
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1619:
1618:
1614:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1557:
1556:
1552:
1543:. p. 224.
1536:
1535:
1531:
1521:
1519:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1478:
1470:. p. 137.
1459:
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1404:
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1386:
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1135:
1124:
1105:
1104:
1097:
1090:
1075:
1074:
1033:
1019:
1018:
1011:
995:
994:
985:
974:
953:
952:
948:
937:
929:. p. 100.
916:
915:
911:
897:
895:
887:
886:
879:
875:
848:
812:
791:Tabby-To-Kwanah
772:
758:
706:
698:Great Salt Lake
678:Parley P. Pratt
663:Daniel H. Wells
647:
633:Charles C. Rich
617:
569:
552:
546:
532:
523:Daniel H. Wells
511:Parley P. Pratt
442:
437:
376:Meeker Massacre
369:White River War
224:
219:
217:
134:
101:
99:
95:
92:
87:
84:
82:
80:
79:
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2183:
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2173:
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2167:
2162:
2157:
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2147:
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2137:
2132:
2127:
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2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
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2086:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2066:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2043:
2041:Tony Tillohash
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2016:Chief Sagwitch
2012:
2010:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1974:Nephi massacre
1971:
1966:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1917:
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1854:
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1822:
1821:
1812:
1796:
1789:
1765:
1748:
1727:
1708:
1679:
1672:
1666:. p. 30.
1648:
1631:
1612:
1595:
1589:. p. 12.
1575:
1550:
1529:
1504:
1487:
1476:
1452:
1445:
1426:
1384:
1353:
1339:
1321:
1302:
1295:
1220:
1209:on May 8, 2016
1194:
1175:
1168:
1162:. Cedar Fort.
1133:
1122:
1095:
1088:
1031:
1009:
983:
972:
966:. p. 53.
946:
935:
909:
876:
874:
871:
870:
869:
867:Nephi massacre
864:
859:
854:
852:Aiken massacre
847:
844:
811:
808:
757:
754:
705:
702:
646:
643:
616:
613:
568:
565:
548:Main article:
545:
542:
531:
528:
507:Salt Lake City
439:
438:
436:
435:
430:
424:
423:
417:
416:
414:Bluff Skirmish
410:
409:
404:
398:
397:
391:
390:
384:
383:
378:
372:
371:
365:
364:
359:
354:
352:Thistle Valley
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
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313:
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306:
305:
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298:
293:
288:
283:
281:Fountain Green
277:
276:
270:
269:
264:
258:
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240:Point of Rocks
236:
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193:
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53:
49:
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37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2182:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
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2148:
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2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2115:Nauvoo Legion
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2065:
2057:
2056:
2053:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2031:George P. Lee
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
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1986:
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1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
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1962:
1961:
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1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
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1797:
1792:
1790:9780674020993
1786:
1782:
1778:
1777:
1769:
1766:
1761:
1760:
1752:
1749:
1745:
1742:. p. 3.
1741:
1740:
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1723:
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1712:
1709:
1696:
1695:
1690:
1683:
1680:
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1673:9780806186849
1669:
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1652:
1649:
1645:. p. 70.
1644:
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1296:9780674027671
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1169:9781555176143
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1125:
1123:9780544602670
1119:
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1114:HarperCollins
1111:
1110:
1102:
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1096:
1091:
1089:1-57636-151-9
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973:9780874179101
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947:
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938:
936:9780803272613
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910:
905:
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892:
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776:
771:
767:
763:
755:
753:
751:
745:
743:
737:
733:
731:
726:
725:Nauvoo Legion
721:
714:
710:
703:
701:
699:
695:
691:
686:
683:
679:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
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581:
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566:
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562:
556:
551:
543:
536:
529:
527:
524:
520:
519:Brigham Young
516:
512:
508:
503:
500:
496:
491:
488:
484:
480:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
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355:
353:
350:
348:
347:Gravelly Ford
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
317:Salina Canyon
315:
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294:
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289:
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265:
263:
260:
259:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
237:
234:
233:Jicarilla War
231:
230:
227:
222:
214:
209:
207:
202:
200:
195:
194:
191:
182:
178:
174:
170:
169:Brigham Young
166:
162:
158:
154:
151:
147:
144:
140:
136:
130:
126:
123:
119:
115:
111:
106:
78:
76:
72:
69:
65:
61:
57:
54:
50:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2026:Chief Kanosh
1968:
1938:Wakara's War
1824:
1815:
1775:
1768:
1758:
1751:
1743:
1738:
1730:
1724:. p. 8.
1722:Daily Herald
1711:
1699:. Retrieved
1697:. LDS Church
1694:Deseret News
1692:
1682:
1658:
1651:
1641:
1634:
1626:Daily Herald
1615:
1605:
1598:
1590:
1585:
1578:
1570:Google Books
1560:
1553:
1544:
1539:
1532:
1520:. Retrieved
1516:
1507:
1497:
1490:
1481:
1462:
1455:
1435:
1429:
1416:
1410:
1376:, retrieved
1372:the original
1365:
1356:
1342:
1324:
1281:
1211:. Retrieved
1207:the original
1197:
1188:
1178:
1158:
1128:Google Books
1126:– via
1108:
1078:
998:
978:Google Books
976:– via
957:
949:
941:Google Books
939:– via
920:
912:
902:– via
896:. Retrieved
890:
821:
817:Wakara's War
813:
802:'s animals.
785:
781:
746:
738:
734:
722:
718:
687:
656:
638:forty-niners
630:
626:
609:
605:
586:
570:
557:
553:
504:
492:
453:
449:
445:
443:
402:Ute Mountain
357:Diamond Fork
261:
164:Perpetrators
29:
824:O. H. Irish
740:modern-day
730:Rock Canyon
499:Utah Valley
479:Rock Canyon
470:Provo River
337:Circleville
327:Pipe Spring
322:Squaw Fight
250:Cieneguilla
245:Wagon Mound
133:Attack type
100: /
88:111°39′58″W
75:Coordinates
68:Provo, Utah
60:Rock Canyon
56:Provo River
2089:Categories
2021:Chief Tuba
873:References
793:and Chief
760:See also:
704:The attack
517:convinced
466:Timpanogos
433:Comb Ridge
381:Milk Creek
303:Tintic War
274:Walker War
167:Orders of
125:Timpanogos
85:40°15′18″N
2036:Kahpeputz
1943:Posey War
1921:Conflicts
1878:Lamanites
1701:August 4,
1378:April 10,
1213:August 3,
836:San Pitch
756:Aftermath
713:Kyhv Peak
694:Utah Lake
593:Fort Utah
539:approved.
483:Fort Utah
421:Posey War
395:Bluff War
362:Last Raid
267:Fort Utah
64:Utah Lake
2064:Category
1933:Ute Wars
1883:Nephites
1866:Overview
846:See also
804:Patsowet
795:Grospean
789:, Chief
696:and the
675:Apostles
669:and the
665:and the
601:palisade
589:stockade
458:massacre
428:Blanding
221:Ute Wars
52:Location
1546:equal."
1522:May 17,
800:Walkara
591:called
530:Buildup
175:militia
171:to the
142:Weapons
2009:People
1787:
1670:
1474:
1443:
1293:
1166:
1120:
1086:
970:
933:
898:May 7,
832:Kanosh
810:Legacy
768:, and
659:bishop
462:Mormon
342:Scipio
180:Motive
173:Mormon
156:Deaths
150:cannon
127:people
121:Target
62:, and
1421:Issuu
1334:(PDF)
452:, or
332:Manti
286:Nephi
66:near
1785:ISBN
1703:2016
1668:ISBN
1524:2022
1472:ISBN
1441:ISBN
1380:2010
1291:ISBN
1215:2016
1164:ISBN
1118:ISBN
1084:ISBN
968:ISBN
931:ISBN
900:2023
723:The
680:and
513:and
444:The
146:Guns
113:Date
2091::
1799:^
1779:.
1720:.
1691:.
1662:.
1624:.
1564:.
1515:.
1480:.
1466:.
1417:43
1415:.
1409:.
1387:^
1364:,
1305:^
1289:.
1285:.
1223:^
1187:.
1136:^
1116:.
1112:.
1098:^
1034:^
1024:.
1012:^
986:^
880:^
834:,
764:,
148:,
58:,
1851:e
1844:t
1837:v
1793:.
1705:.
1676:.
1628:.
1609:.
1572:.
1526:.
1501:.
1449:.
1423:.
1350:.
1336:.
1318:.
1299:.
1217:.
1191:.
1172:.
1130:.
1092:.
1006:.
980:.
943:.
906:.
212:e
205:t
198:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
