1770:) in the 1980s, which provided welfare service and basic needs to the community. The faction, led by Alexandre Ho, gained popularity and political support, becoming the biggest challenge to the pro-Beijing traditional associations after winning three out of six directly-elected seats in 1988. However, as the associations started doing the same and allocated many resources to citizens, younger supporters questioned the pro-livelihood belief, citing the lack of competitivity for providing welfare when compared to the traditional associations. In
1555:
1543:
1531:
1567:
2327:
22:
2127:
2113:
2105:
2073:
2065:
2033:
2025:
2006:
1992:
1984:
1952:
1944:
2087:
2047:
1966:
1916:
1908:
1830:
Civil organizations, individual social activists, political parties, political groups and lawmakers who share a similar belief in democracy are all considered members of this camp (the number of
Legislative Deputies is shown in brackets).
1778:, who represented the advocates of monitoring and overseeing the administration, was elected as lawmaker, while Ho lost his re-election bid, marking the shift of the mainstream ideology in the pro-democracy camp. Some still used "
1234:
2176:
1814:", since their concerns in regards to freedom of speech, freedom of press, and self-determination contradict the political stance of the PRC government. In some cases, pan-democracy activists have even been accused of
2448:
757:
2443:
2488:
2315:
2453:
1597:
980:
1739:
1670:
792:
2572:
353:
2493:
838:
2293:
1799:
32:
1086:
1071:
2308:
1035:
1658:
who support increased democracy and may work together in areas of common interest or by not fielding candidates against one another in elections.
1010:
2384:
2473:
1030:
2523:
1751:
Members of the camp include workers and social activists who are concerned about the question of Macau sovereignty and took part in Macau's
2582:
2546:
1329:
1015:
1004:
1559:
2483:
2301:
358:
90:
2331:
2150:
2097:
2057:
2017:
1976:
1936:
1900:
1771:
229:
62:
2354:
2284:
1718:
2279:
Jensen, Lionel M. Weston, Timothy B. (2006). China's
Transformations: The Stories Beyond the Headlines. Rowman & Littlefield.
368:
2518:
2503:
2348:
889:
348:
2259:
69:
2458:
1239:
1091:
1058:
866:
373:
2155:
1783:
1763:
1615:
1445:
1167:
1118:
992:
112:
47:
1803:
1666:
1187:
1146:
1040:
950:
921:
207:
76:
2234:
2372:
1583:
1501:
1141:
807:
777:
343:
249:
175:
1590:
2463:
2438:
2378:
1421:
1372:
1219:
1101:
871:
734:
694:
955:
58:
2577:
2468:
1096:
970:
787:
275:
999:
916:
2587:
2339:
2145:
1701:
1547:
1438:
1399:
1249:
1224:
1136:
985:
797:
782:
405:
388:
1491:
1394:
1379:
1053:
945:
939:
400:
363:
295:
1752:
1479:
1426:
1360:
851:
649:
2508:
2366:
2360:
1838:
1735:
1496:
1486:
1416:
1404:
1367:
899:
83:
2513:
1278:
802:
415:
300:
1807:
1662:
1623:
1384:
1025:
861:
619:
410:
315:
305:
258:
2196:
1728:
1723:
1682:
1474:
1355:
1322:
772:
762:
234:
2551:
2498:
2280:
1535:
1389:
1254:
820:
310:
224:
184:
39:
2421:
2404:
2188:
1855:
1571:
1285:
894:
290:
285:
2541:
1651:
1315:
395:
1834:
The following entities are routinely referred to as members of the Pan-democracy camp:
1510:
876:
518:
383:
378:
325:
2566:
2215:
2200:
2192:
1693:
1433:
1194:
1081:
1020:
719:
714:
709:
594:
458:
2528:
1815:
1697:
1689:
1469:
1463:
1244:
1229:
1182:
767:
674:
644:
578:
483:
448:
1530:
2177:"The Political Opposition and Democracy in Macao: Revolutionaries or Loyalists?"
1336:
1307:
1300:
975:
724:
689:
664:
639:
629:
624:
609:
584:
453:
320:
280:
21:
1844:
1775:
1647:
1409:
825:
729:
659:
654:
604:
589:
568:
558:
553:
528:
498:
468:
463:
180:
2478:
1704:, whose members are perceived to be supportive of the central government of
1678:
1076:
704:
699:
599:
548:
533:
503:
478:
433:
1674:
856:
684:
679:
669:
634:
573:
543:
473:
438:
1819:
1199:
614:
523:
493:
443:
1515:
563:
513:
508:
194:
2449:
Association for
Helping the Community and Engagement with the People
2326:
1705:
1655:
538:
488:
1688:
Members of the camp represent a very broad social and political
198:
2297:
15:
1758:
History of the pro-democracy camp can be traced back to the "
1700:
and professionals. Opposite to the pan-democracy camp is the
1661:
Democratic activists are usually critical of the post-1999
2444:
Association for
Democracy and Social Well-Being of Macau
1798:
The movement is criticized by numerous groups including
2151:
List of political parties and political groups in Macau
43:
1806:
mainland
Chinese government authorities and post-1999
2489:
2431:
2414:
2394:
2338:
206:
190:
174:
156:
144:
132:
123:
1790:) to show the close relationship between the two.
1673:, which they say does not properly represent the
1677:. Its supporters also advocate a faster pace of
1641:
148:
2454:Association for the Defense of Macau Interests
2309:
1635:
1591:
136:
8:
48:introducing citations to additional sources
2494:Labor Union of Games and Gambling in Macau
2316:
2302:
2294:
1740:human rights in People's Republic of China
1598:
1584:
1059:Yuen Long Tin Shui Wai Democratic Alliance
839:Hong Kong and Kowloon Trades Union Council
244:
120:
1087:Team Chu Hoi-dick of New Territories West
793:Neighbourhood and Worker's Service Centre
1870:
38:Relevant discussion may be found on the
2167:
1850:Prosperous Democratic Macau Association
1011:Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions
256:
2474:Employees and Wage-Earners Association
1031:Revolutionary Communist Party of China
2332:Political civic associations in Macau
1560:People's Republic of China portal
7:
2385:Women's General Association of Macau
1847:has quit the association as of 2016)
1016:Hong Kong Socialist Democratic Party
1005:Hong Kong Chinese Reform Association
951:Labor Party of the Republic of China
2484:General Union for the Good of Macau
359:2011 Chinese pro-democracy protests
2573:Political party alliances in China
1843:New Democratic Macau Association (
14:
2355:Macau United Citizens Association
1780:pro-democracy and livelihood camp
1719:Tiananmen Square Protests of 1989
1636:
137:
2524:Plural Voices – Peoples of Macau
2519:New Democratic Macau Association
2504:Macau Federation of Trade Unions
2349:Macau Federation of Trade Unions
2325:
2193:10.1111/j.1477-7053.2011.01356.x
2175:Yu, Eilo; Chin, Natalie (2012).
2126:
2125:
2112:
2111:
2104:
2103:
2085:
2072:
2071:
2064:
2063:
2045:
2032:
2031:
2024:
2023:
2005:
2004:
1991:
1990:
1983:
1982:
1964:
1951:
1950:
1943:
1942:
1914:
1906:
1565:
1553:
1541:
1529:
1373:Criticism of neoauthoritarianism
1113:(groups of pro-Chinese identity)
981:Democratic Self-Government Party
911:(groups of pro-Chinese identity)
890:New Democratic Macau Association
349:1970s Hong Kong student protests
31:relies largely or entirely on a
20:
1240:Hong Kong Democratic Foundation
1092:Tsz Wan Shan Constructive Power
867:Proletariat Political Institute
374:2022 COVID-19 protests in China
59:"Pro-democracy camp" Macau
2156:Pro-democracy camp (Hong Kong)
2086:
2046:
1965:
1915:
1907:
1787:
1767:
1646:) is a political alignment of
1619:
1511:Republic of China independence
1446:Three Principles of the People
354:1989 Tiananmen Square protests
113:Pro-democracy camp (Hong Kong)
1:
1867:Legislative Council elections
1147:Union of Chinese Nationalists
922:Non-Partisan Solidarity Union
208:Legislative Assembly of Macau
2459:Citizens' Rights Association
2373:Union for Promoting Progress
2233:Reis, Arsenio (2017-09-22).
1872:
1683:universal and equal suffrage
1548:Republic of China portal
1142:New Democracy Party of China
1072:Democratic Progressive Party
1036:Revolutionary Marxist League
369:2019–2020 Hong Kong protests
118:Political party in Macau
2583:Chinese democracy movements
2464:Convergence for Development
2379:New Macau Development Union
1802:which is controlled by the
1220:Alliance for True Democracy
1102:Victoria Social Association
872:Tsuen Wan Community Network
162:; 34 years ago
2604:
2469:Democratic Centre of Macau
2260:""澳門選舉與政治文化的變遷與發展方向"座談會紀要"
1734:Improve human rights (See
1724:Democratic reform in China
1667:People's Republic of China
1109:Republic of China (Taiwan)
1097:Tuen Mun Community Network
907:Republic of China (Taiwan)
788:League of Social Democrats
276:Civil and political rights
110:
2547:List of political parties
2537:
2181:Government and Opposition
1794:Criticism of the movement
1772:1996 legislative election
1195:Localist camp (Hong Kong)
1000:Hong Kong Affairs Society
965:Hong Kong (pro-democracy)
752:Hong Kong (pro-democracy)
220:
2241:(in Traditional Chinese)
2146:Pro-Beijing camp (Macau)
1671:authoritarian government
1400:Local ethnic nationalism
1250:Reform Club of Hong Kong
1225:Civil Human Rights Front
1137:Democracy Party of China
406:Hundred Flowers Campaign
389:Hong Kong 1 July marches
248:This article is part of
111:Not to be confused with
1492:Progressivism in Taiwan
1470:Critics of Confucianism
1395:Liberalism in Hong Kong
1054:123 Democratic Alliance
946:Democratic Party (1912)
940:China Democratic League
401:Chinese economic reform
364:2014 Hong Kong protests
296:Equality before the law
1702:pro-establishment camp
1681:and implementation of
1642:
1627:
917:Chinese People's Party
852:Deliberation Tsuen Wan
149:
2509:New Macau Association
2367:Union for Development
2361:Macau-Guangdong Union
1862:Electoral performance
1839:New Macau Association
1736:human rights in Macau
1643:campo pan-democrático
1536:Liberalism portal
1497:Taiwanese nationalism
1487:Human rights in China
1464:Conservatism in China
1417:Localism in Hong Kong
1368:Anti-authoritarianism
1119:China Democracy Party
900:New Macau Association
2514:New Vigour for Macau
1755:in the early 1990s.
1628:campo pró-democracia
1572:Hong Kong portal
1279:Hong Kong Free Press
1179:Pro-Kuomintang camp
1066:Hong Kong (localist)
846:Hong Kong (localist)
815:Hong Kong (centrist)
803:Professional Commons
416:New Culture Movement
301:Freedom of the press
150:campo pró-democracia
44:improve this article
2439:Alliance for Change
1826:Members of the camp
1808:Government of Macau
1717:Vindication of the
1663:Macanese government
1164:Pro-democracy camp
1048:Hong Kong (pro-ROC)
1026:Power for Democracy
862:Land Justice League
833:Hong Kong (pro-ROC)
411:May Fourth Movement
344:Democracy movements
316:Popular sovereignty
306:Freedom of religion
260:Liberalism in China
1760:livelihood faction
1729:Universal suffrage
1675:will of the people
1632:pan-democracy camp
1612:pro-democracy camp
1475:Democracy in China
1350:Related ideologies
1323:Free China Journal
934:Historical parties
773:Community Alliance
763:April Fifth Action
126:Pro-democracy camp
2578:Politics of Macau
2560:
2559:
2552:Politics of Macau
2499:Macao Civic Power
2214:Yu, Eilo (2019).
2137:
2136:
1822:to Han Chinese".
1608:
1607:
1422:Autonomy Movement
1255:Tiananmen Mothers
821:Path of Democracy
311:Freedom of speech
243:
242:
230:Political parties
225:Politics of Macau
185:Liberal democracy
109:
108:
94:
2595:
2422:Synergy of Macao
2330:
2329:
2318:
2311:
2304:
2295:
2288:
2277:
2271:
2270:
2264:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2239:Plataforma Media
2230:
2224:
2223:
2216:"論澳門一國兩制模式的可持續性"
2211:
2205:
2204:
2172:
2129:
2128:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2107:
2106:
2089:
2088:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2067:
2066:
2049:
2048:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2027:
2026:
2008:
2007:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1986:
1985:
1968:
1967:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1946:
1945:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1910:
1909:
1871:
1789:
1769:
1652:social activists
1645:
1639:
1638:
1621:
1600:
1593:
1586:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1546:
1545:
1544:
1534:
1533:
1286:Yanhuang Chunqiu
1041:United Democrats
996:
959:
808:Socialist Action
778:Democratic Party
291:Environmentalism
286:Economic freedom
261:
245:
215:
170:
168:
163:
152:
140:
139:
121:
104:
101:
95:
93:
52:
24:
16:
2603:
2602:
2598:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2593:
2592:
2588:Liberal parties
2563:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2542:Portal:Politics
2533:
2427:
2410:
2390:
2334:
2324:
2322:
2292:
2291:
2278:
2274:
2262:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2244:
2242:
2232:
2231:
2227:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2174:
2173:
2169:
2164:
2142:
2122:
2119:
2082:
2079:
2042:
2039:
2001:
1998:
1961:
1958:
1925:
1922:
1885:
1880:
1869:
1864:
1828:
1812:opposition camp
1796:
1749:
1714:
1679:democratization
1604:
1566:
1564:
1554:
1552:
1542:
1540:
1528:
1521:
1520:
1459:
1451:
1450:
1351:
1343:
1342:
1316:Endeavor Weekly
1291:
1268:
1260:
1259:
1215:
1207:
1206:
1160:
1152:
1151:
1132:
1124:
1123:
1111:
1106:
1063:
1045:
991:
962:
953:
935:
927:
926:
909:
904:
881:
843:
830:
812:
748:
740:
739:
720:Zhang (Weiying)
715:Zhang (Qianfan)
710:Zhang (Dongsun)
429:
421:
420:
396:1911 Revolution
339:
331:
330:
271:
259:
239:
216:
213:
201:
183:
166:
164:
161:
145:Portuguese name
128:
127:
119:
116:
105:
99:
96:
53:
51:
37:
25:
12:
11:
5:
2601:
2599:
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2590:
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2580:
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2526:
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2272:
2251:
2225:
2206:
2166:
2165:
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2160:
2159:
2158:
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2148:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2131:
2123:
2118:
2116:
2108:
2100:
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2090:
2083:
2078:
2076:
2068:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2050:
2043:
2038:
2036:
2028:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2010:
2002:
1997:
1995:
1987:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1962:
1957:
1955:
1947:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1921:
1919:
1911:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1886:popular votes
1882:
1881:popular votes
1877:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1852:
1851:
1848:
1827:
1824:
1795:
1792:
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1732:
1726:
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1580:
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1508:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1504:
1489:
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1472:
1467:
1460:
1458:Related topics
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1431:
1430:
1429:
1424:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1380:Anti-communism
1377:
1376:
1375:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1341:
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1222:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1203:
1202:
1192:
1191:
1190:
1188:mainland China
1185:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1133:
1131:Banned parties
1130:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1105:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1062:
1061:
1056:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1002:
997:
989:
983:
978:
973:
971:Citizens Party
961:
960:
948:
943:
936:
933:
932:
929:
928:
925:
924:
919:
903:
902:
897:
892:
880:
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877:Youngspiration
874:
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854:
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841:
829:
828:
823:
811:
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805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
749:
747:Extant parties
746:
745:
742:
741:
738:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
645:Wang (Ruoshui)
642:
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466:
461:
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451:
449:Chang (Carsun)
446:
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398:
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384:Democracy Wall
381:
379:Beijing Spring
376:
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329:
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326:Social justice
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61: –
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55:Find sources:
49:
45:
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35:
34:
33:single source
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
2529:Vision Macau
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2243:. Retrieved
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2209:
2184:
2180:
2170:
1889:Total seats
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1829:
1816:high treason
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1698:middle class
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1502:Independence
1439:Confucianism
1427:Independence
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1245:Next Digital
1230:Group of 190
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1047:
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993:The Frontier
986:The Frontier
964:
963:
910:
906:
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883:
882:
845:
844:
832:
831:
814:
813:
798:People Power
783:Labour Party
768:Civic Act-up
751:
750:
660:Wu (Chi-wai)
590:Liu (Xiaobo)
569:Li (Shenzhi)
529:Hu (Yaobang)
257:
133:Chinese name
97:
87:
80:
73:
66:
54:
30:
2340:Pro-Beijing
1818:or being "
1692:, from the
1690:demographic
1648:politicians
1337:Sharp Daily
1308:China Times
1301:Apple Daily
976:Civic Party
954: [
650:Wang (Yang)
504:Ho (Albert)
321:Rule of law
281:Due process
202:(customary)
2567:Categories
2245:2022-06-14
2235:"澳門民主派的傳承"
2162:References
1845:Au Kam San
1776:Antonio Ng
1624:Portuguese
1466:(opposing)
1410:Indigenism
1385:Federalism
826:Third Side
685:Xu (Youyu)
680:Xu (Jilin)
670:Wu (K. C.)
620:Qin (1953)
615:Qin (1091)
574:Li (Yinhe)
270:Principles
181:Liberalism
70:newspapers
2479:For Macau
2267:澳門學者同盟秘書處
2201:145507276
2133:Minority
2092:Minority
2052:Minority
2012:Minority
1971:Minority
1931:Minority
1879:Number of
1753:elections
1480:Hong Kong
1405:Hong Kong
1361:Hong Kong
1356:Anarchism
1183:Hong Kong
1168:Hong Kong
1159:Alliances
1077:Demosisto
735:Zimmerman
524:Hu (Shih)
494:Gu (Zhun)
235:Elections
100:July 2017
40:talk page
2405:New Hope
2140:See also
1875:Election
1856:New Hope
1820:traitors
1731:in Macau
1665:and the
1390:Feminism
1235:HKASPDMC
895:New Hope
857:HK First
564:Li (Rui)
514:Ho (Kai)
509:Ho (Cyd)
250:a series
176:Ideology
2220:二十一世紀評論
1895:Status
1810:as an "
1784:Chinese
1764:Chinese
1747:History
1696:to the
1616:Chinese
1311:(early)
1272:Current
1200:ALLinHK
1007:(early)
942:(early)
581:(early)
489:Gu (Su)
338:History
191:Colours
165: (
157:Founded
84:scholar
2283:
2199:
2120:2 / 14
2102:18,232
2080:4 / 14
2062:46,442
2040:4 / 14
2022:39,727
1999:4 / 12
1981:47,987
1959:3 / 12
1941:35,896
1923:3 / 12
1905:22,212
1786::
1766::
1618::
1516:Taoism
1294:Former
995:(2010)
988:(1996)
459:Chiang
428:People
214:2 / 33
195:Yellow
86:
79:
72:
65:
57:
2263:(PDF)
2197:S2CID
2110:13.81
2070:26.90
2030:27.13
1989:33.83
1949:28.75
1913:27.43
1800:media
1788:民主民生派
1706:China
1656:Macau
1630:) or
1267:Media
1173:Macau
958:]
884:Macau
700:Yeung
675:Xiang
579:Liang
539:Laozi
91:JSTOR
77:books
2342:(30)
2281:ISBN
2098:2021
2058:2017
2018:2013
1977:2009
1937:2005
1901:2001
1892:+/−
1884:% of
1738:and
1650:and
1637:泛民主派
1610:The
758:ADPL
725:Zhao
695:Yang
640:Wong
479:Fang
464:Chow
199:blue
197:and
167:1990
160:1990
63:news
2424:(1)
2407:(2)
2398:(2)
2387:(2)
2381:(1)
2375:(2)
2369:(2)
2363:(2)
2357:(3)
2351:(4)
2189:doi
1804:PRC
1782:" (
1768:民生派
1762:" (
1669:'s
1654:in
1620:民主派
730:Zhu
705:Yen
655:Wen
630:Tao
625:Sun
610:Mok
600:Mao
595:Luo
559:Lee
554:Law
549:Lau
544:Lei
534:Lai
519:Hsu
484:Fei
474:Fan
469:Chu
439:Bao
138:民主派
46:by
2569::
2265:.
2237:.
2218:.
2195:.
2185:47
2183:.
2179:.
2130:2
2009:1
1928:—
1774:,
1708:.
1685:.
1640:;
1626::
1622:;
956:zh
635:To
605:Mo
499:He
444:Bo
434:Ai
252:on
2317:e
2310:t
2303:v
2287:.
2248:.
2222:.
2203:.
2191::
1742:)
1634:(
1614:(
1599:e
1592:t
1585:v
169:)
115:.
102:)
98:(
88:·
81:·
74:·
67:·
50:.
36:.
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