2173:. New Zealand is second to Italy in the total volume of kiwifruit exports making an annual revenue of $ NZ 1 billion, making it the most economically valuable export in the country. In 2014 the loss of exports alone was as high as NZ$ 930 million. Growers had to pay for treatments, and removal of infected vines along with suffering the loss of capital value in their orchards. For some, the orchard values went from NZ$ 450,000/ha to $ 70,000/ha after the outbreak, which is the price of bare land. The total loss of equity for the country of New Zealand was as high as NZ$ 2 billion.
187:
44:
65:
563:
555:
2020:, is triggered when intracellular (Nucleotide-binding site, Leucine-rich repeat) NB-LRR proteins bind to an effector, a molecule specific to a particular pathogen. ETI is generally more severe than PTI, and when a threshold of defense activation is reached, it can trigger a hypersensitive response
909:
molecules, which allows it to sense the presence of other bacterial cells nearby. If these molecules pass a threshold level, the bacteria change their pattern of gene expression to form a biofilm and begin expression of virulence-related genes. The bacteria secrete highly viscous compounds such as
583:
by grinding up infected leaves each season, then applying the powder to test corn for the following season to track the disease. A surprise frost occurred that year, leaving peculiar results. Only plants infected with the diseased powder incurred frost damage, leaving healthy plants unfrozen. This
200:
655:(sap oozing from wounds on the tree) but can also overwinter in healthy looking plant tissues. In the spring, water from rain or other sources will wash the bacteria onto leaves/blossoms where it will grow and survive throughout the summer. This is the epiphyte phase of
1653:
have played an integral role in the Plant-Associated
Microbe Gene Ontology working group, aimed at developing gene ontology terms that capture biological processes occurring during the interactions between organisms, and using the terms for annotation of gene products.
679:
tend to be favoured by wet, cool conditions—optimum temperatures for disease tend to be around 12–25 °C (54–77 °F), although this can vary according to the pathovar involved. The bacteria tend to be seed-borne, and are dispersed between plants by rain splash.
3515:
González-Hernández, Ana Isabel; Fernández-Crespo, Emma; Scalschi, Loredana; Hajirezaei, Mohammad-Reza; von Wirén, Nicolaus; García-Agustín, Pilar; Camañes, Gemma (August 2019). "Ammonium mediated changes in carbon and nitrogen metabolisms induce resistance against
1648:
effectors has been adopted by researchers characterizing effector repertoires in other bacteria, and methods used for bioinformatic effector identification have been adapted for other organisms. In addition, researchers working with
1571:
A combination of the pathogen's effector genes and the plant's resistance genes is thought to determine which species a particular pathovar can infect. Plants can develop resistance to a pathovar by recognising
941:
at lower temperatures (down to −8 °C (18 °F)) are more common. The freezing causes injuries in the epithelia and makes the nutrients in the underlying plant tissues available to the bacteria.
628:
does not form a monophyletic species in the strict sense, but a wider evolutionary group (34 genomes in total, organized into 3 subgroups) that includes other species as well. The core proteome of the
731:
to swim towards a target host. It enters the plant via wounds of natural opening sites, as it is not able to breach the plant cell wall. An example of this is the partnership with the leaf-mining fly
1576:(PAMPs) and launching an immune response. These PAMPs are necessary for the microbe to function, so cannot be lost, but the pathogen may find ways to suppress this immune response, leading to an
596:, found that when this particular bacterium was introduced to plants where it is originally absent, the plants became very vulnerable to frost damage. He went on to identify the bacterium as
3735:
2258:
5472:
362:
663:
or necrotic spots on either leaves or woody tissue then the disease will start. The pathogen will then exploit and grow in intercellular space causing the leaf spots and cankers.
1644:
experimental system has been a source of pioneering evidence for the important role of pathogen gene products in suppressing plant defense. The nomenclature system developed for
667:
can also survive in temperatures slightly below freezing. These below freezing temperatures increase the severity of infection within trees like sour cherry, apricot, and peach.
4467:
Ben Khaled, Sara; Postma, Jelle; Robatzek, Silke (4 August 2015). "A Moving View: Subcellular
Trafficking Processes in Pattern Recognition Receptor–Triggered Plant Immunity".
1684:, and approximately 40 Hop (Hrp Outer Protein) effectors - pathogenic proteins that attenuate the host cell - have been identified. These 40 effectors are not recognized by
2054:
DC3000∆∆, ETI to the pathogen is not triggered due to the absence of the main effectors recognized by the Pto/Prf complex. In the lab this is highly valuable, as using
2219:
776:. These proteins primarily function to cause disease symptoms and manipulate the host's immune response to facilitate infection. The major family of T3SS effectors in
4907:"Transcriptomics-based screen for genes induced by flagellin and repressed by pathogen effectors identifies a cell wall-associated kinase involved in plant immunity"
3856:
5538:
5446:
3950:"From bacterial avirulence genes to effector functions via thehrpdelivery system: an overview of 25 years of progress in our understanding of plant innate immunity"
2812:
5485:
986:
with copper compounds or other heavy metals that can be combined with fungicides or other pest control chemicals. Chemical treatments with fixed copper such as
3825:
3757:
Di Lallo G, Evangelisti M, Mancuso F, Ferrante P, Marcelletti S, Tinari A, Superti F, Migliore L, D'Addabbo P, Frezza D, Scortichini M, Thaller MC (2014).
3563:
5177:
Donati, Irene; Cellini, Antonio; Sangiorgio, Daniela; Vanneste, Joel L.; Scortichini, Marco; Balestra, Giorgio M.; Spinelli, Francesco (3 January 2020).
469:
which cause water (in plants) to freeze at fairly high temperatures (−1.8 to −3.8 °C (28.8 to 25.2 °F)), resulting in injury. Since the 1970s,
3309:
Hirano, Susan S.; Upper, Christen D. (1995). "Ecology of Ice
Nucleation – Active Bacteria". In Lee, Richard E.; Warren, Gareth J.; Gusta, L. V. (eds.).
4247:(9 January 1996). "Identification of a new Arabidopsis disease resistance locus, RPs4, and cloning of the corresponding avirulence gene, avrRps4, from
4581:"The tomato kinase Pti1 contributes to production of reactive oxygen species in response to two flagellin-derived peptides and promotes resistance to
2004:
Like other plants, the tomato has a two-tier pathogen defense system. The first and more universal line of plant defense, pattern-triggered immunity
5420:
3593:
Ni, Peien; Wang, Lei; Deng, Bohan; Jiu, Songtao; Ma, Chao; Zhang, Caixi; Almeida, Adelaide; Wang, Dapeng; Xu, Wenping; Wang, Shiping (2 June 2020).
1490:
However, many of the strains for which new species groupings were proposed continue to be referred to in the scientific literature as pathovars of
5459:
4580:
576:
2120:
has led to the characterization of key components of the tomato immune system and continues to be used to further the field of tomato pathology.
5510:
5130:
Vanneste, Joel L. (4 August 2017). "The
Scientific, Economic, and Social Impacts of the New Zealand Outbreak of Bacterial Canker of Kiwifruit (
1058:, but so far, no other species are 100% resistant to this pathogen. Resistance breeding is a slow process, especially in trees. Unfortunately,
4172:
Petnicki-Ocwieja T, Schneider DJ, Tam VC, Chancey ST, Shan L, Jamir Y, Schechter LM, Janes MD, Buell CR, Tang X, Collmer A, Alfano JR (2002).
749:
has not been well-studied, but the bacteria are thought to use chemical signals released by the plant to find their host and cause infection.
3500:
3407:
3322:
2013:
1573:
4056:
Torto-Alalibo, T.; Collmer, C. W.; Gwinn-Giglio, M.; Lindeberg, M.; Meng, S.; Chibucos, M. C.; Tseng, T.-T.; Lomax, J.; et al. (2010).
3898:
Baltrus, David; Nishimura, Marc; Dougherty, Kevin; Biswas, Surojit; Mukhtar, M. Shahid; Vicente, Joana; Holub, Eric; Jeffery, Dangl (2012).
2085:, whose fragments serve as main PAMPs required for tomato PTI. By comparing plants within the same line that have been infected with either
4794:
4257:
3911:
402:
does not form a monophyletic species in the strict sense, but a wider evolutionary group that also included other species as well, such as
585:
3999:"An extensive repertoire of type III secretion effectors in Escherichia coli O157 and the role of lambdoid phages in their dissemination"
2325:
Anzai, Y; Kim, H; Park, JY; Wakabayashi, H; Oyaizu, H (2000). "Phylogenetic affiliation of the pseudomonads based on 16S rRNA sequence".
5548:
4410:
Wang, Yan; Tyler, Brett M.; Wang, Yuanchao (8 September 2019). "Defense and
Counterdefense During Plant-Pathogenic Oomycete Infection".
3423:
Cazorla, Francisco M.; Arrebola, Eva; Sesma, Ane; Pérez-García, Alejandro; Codina, Juan C.; Murillo, Jesús; de
Vicente, Antonio (2002).
1032:
Strict hygiene practices used in orchards along with pruning in early spring and summer were proven to make the trees more resistant to
3394:
Fall, Ray; Wolber, Paul K. (1995). "Biochemistry of
Bacterial Ice Nuclei". In Lee, Richard E.; Warren, Gareth J.; Gusta, L. V. (eds.).
3399:
3314:
3126:
Groen, Simon C.; Humphrey, Parris T.; Chevasco, Daniela; Ausubel, Frederick M.; Pierce, Naomi E.; Whiteman, Noah K. (1 January 2016).
2733:
1525:
593:
4844:
3869:
2162:
1210:
3042:
636:
of the strains of this group ranged between 4973 and 6026 (average: 5465) and between 58 and 59.3% (average: 58.6%), respectively.
1551:
1538:
1029:
This "ammonium syndrome" causes nutrient imbalances in the plant and therefore triggers a defense response against the pathogen.
1524:, although as a result of DNA-relatedness studies, it has been instated as a new species. It has three host-specific pathovars:
4469:
4353:
4295:
Weigel, Detlef; Nordborg, Magnus (23 November 2015). "Population
Genomics for Understanding Adaptation in Wild Plant Species".
2148:
2058:
DC3000∆∆ allows researchers to study the function of PTI-candidate genes in RG-PtoR, which would otherwise be masked by ETI.
5464:
1062:
bacteria can adapt genetically to infect resistant plants, and the process for resistance breeding has to start over again.
3997:
Tobe, T.; Beatson, S. A.; Taniguchi, H.; Abe, H.; Bailey, C. M.; Fivian, A.; Younis, R.; Matthews, S.; et al. (2006).
2188:
or were killed to contain the disease. The financial consequences for growers and their suppliers were severe, as were the
4412:
1914:
929:, frost damage usually occurs between −4 and −12 °C (25 and 10 °F) as the water in plant tissue can remain in a
3873:
2009:
2827:
1620:
strain 1448A, together with the ability of selected strains to cause disease on well-characterized host plants such as
2657:
2017:
1295:
770:
2093:
DC3000∆∆∆, researchers can determine if genes of interest are important to the flagellin recognition pathway of PTI.
659:
life cycle where it will multiply and spread but will not cause a disease. Once it enters the plant through a leaf's
64:
970:
has been found in the center of hailstones, suggesting the bacterium may play a role in Earth's hydrological cycle.
5033:
4478:
4421:
4362:
4306:
3833:
3263:
1726:
548:
5543:
5024:
4297:
3254:
3197:
3193:"Pathogens pulling the strings: Effectors manipulating salicylic acid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in plants"
1766:
1637:
1111:
1002:
by killing the bacteria while it is in the epiphyte stage on leaves, or woody parts of trees - however resistant
508:
478:
5490:
1933:
5533:
5359:
2855:
Kennelly, Megan M.; Cazorla, Francisco M.; de
Vicente, Antonio; Ramos, Cayo; Sundin, George W. (January 2007).
1636:
has come to represent an important model system for experimental characterization of the molecular dynamics of
1043:
953:
547:
has come to represent an important model system for experimental characterization of the molecular dynamics of
520:
474:
3758:
2439:
Synthetase Genes Encode Twenty-Two
Modules Involved in the Nonribosomal Peptide Synthesis of Syringopeptin by
1036:
Cauterizing cankers found on orchard trees can save the tree's life by stopping the infection from spreading.
183:
2024:, which is purposeful death of host tissue to prevent the spread of infection. Two key effectors secreted by
2211:
2021:
1946:
1141:
883:
178:
5321:
1719:
1577:
1508:
1205:
956:
on the surface of the bacteria, where the proteins act as nuclei for ice formation. Artificial strains of
937:
can cause water to freeze at temperatures as high as −1.8 °C (28.8 °F), but strains causing ice
527:
strains and the ability of selected strains to cause disease on well-characterized host plants, including
4058:"Unifying Themes in Microbial Associations with Animal and Plant Hosts Described Using the Gene Ontology"
1628:
1135:
1123:
1117:
887:
535:
149:
2077:
DC3000∆∆, this strain does not express AvrPto and AvrPtoB, but it also has an additional knock-out for
707:
pathogenicity can be separated into several categories: ability to invade a plant, ability to overcome
5500:
5394:
4682:
4533:
4197:
4126:
4010:
3899:
3252:
Yang, Meng; Ismayil, Asigul; Liu, Yule (29 September 2020). "Autophagy in Plant-Virus Interactions".
3087:
Ichinose, Yuki; Taguchi, Fumiko; Mukaihara, Takafumi (2013). "Pathogenicity and virulence factors of
2507:
1978:
1919:
1806:
1685:
1622:
1269:
1099:
529:
481:. Recent evidence has suggested the species plays a larger role than previously thought in producing
433:
2813:"Biotechnology in agriculture: an analysis of selected technologies and policy in the United States"
2380:
Nikolaidis, Marios; Mossialos, Dimitris; Oliver, Stephen G.; Amoutzias, Grigorios D. (August 2020).
3829:
2097:
1413:
1185:
926:
96:
5302:
5232:
5071:
4762:
4706:
4449:
4392:
3807:
3545:
3291:
3108:
2653:
2206:
1560:
1129:
1105:
961:
773:
620:
Based on a comparative genomic and phylogenomic analysis of 494 complete genomes from the entire
605:
425:
59:
17:
821:
after production, reducing concentrations and thus reducing the immunity it provides the plant.
43:
5451:
357:, all of which are available to researchers from international culture collections such as the
5381:
5291:
5224:
5206:
5159:
5151:
5063:
5045:
5000:
4938:
4887:
4840:
4813:
4754:
4698:
4652:
4635:
DC3000: A Model Pathogen for Probing Disease Susceptibility and Hormone Signaling in Plants".
4609:
4561:
4498:
4490:
4441:
4433:
4384:
4376:
4326:
4318:
4274:
4225:
4154:
4087:
4038:
3979:
3930:
3799:
3698:
3642:
3624:
3537:
3496:
3458:
3450:
3403:
3373:
3318:
3283:
3275:
3234:
3216:
3173:
3155:
3023:
2939:
2890:
2882:
2793:
2775:
2714:
2586:
2533:
2468:
2342:
2307:
1681:
1249:
798:
2028:
DC3000 are AvrPto and AvrPtoB, which initiate ETI by binding the Pto/Prf receptor complex in
1906:
1801:
DC3000 with effectors from other pathogens have led to the identification of many R-genes in
507:
pathogenesis is dependent on effector proteins secreted into the plant cell by the bacterial
5281:
5271:
5214:
5198:
5143:
5110:
5053:
5037:
4990:
4980:
4928:
4918:
4877:
4803:
4744:
4690:
4644:
4599:
4551:
4541:
4482:
4425:
4366:
4310:
4266:
4244:
4215:
4205:
4144:
4134:
4077:
4069:
4028:
4018:
3969:
3961:
3920:
3789:
3781:
3688:
3632:
3614:
3529:
3488:
3440:
3363:
3355:
3267:
3224:
3206:
3163:
3147:
3100:
3058:
3013:
3005:
2970:
2929:
2872:
2783:
2767:
2751:
2704:
2696:
2576:
2568:
2523:
2515:
2458:
2405:
2334:
2297:
2201:
2189:
2001:
DC3000 and its pathovars is a powerful system for understanding plant-microbe interactions.
1372:
991:
987:
766:
733:
589:
494:
387:
116:
3271:
2737:
1937:
1785:
recognition identified using this model can be attributed to recognition of the introduced
588:
with D.C. Arny and C. Upper found a bacterium in the dried leaf powder in the early 1970s.
358:
4579:
Schwizer S, Kraus CM, Dunham DM, Zheng Y, Fernandez-Pozo N, Pombo MA, et al. (2017).
2608:
1314:
708:
519:. Type III effectors contribute to pathogenesis chiefly through their role in suppressing
350:
106:
5254:
Lavín, José L; Kiil, Kristoffer; Resano, Ohiana; Ussery, David W; Oguiza, José A (2007).
2623:
5147:
5041:
4686:
4648:
4537:
4486:
4429:
4371:
4348:
4314:
4201:
4130:
4105:
Buell CR, Joardar V, Lindeberg M, Selengut J, Paulsen IT, Gwinn ML, et al. (2003).
4014:
2974:
2511:
1025:) nutrition to tomato plants can cause a metabolic change leading to resistance against
196:
5286:
5255:
5219:
5178:
5058:
5019:
4995:
4960:
4933:
4906:
4349:"RPS5-Mediated Disease Resistance: Fundamental Insights and Translational Applications"
4082:
4057:
4033:
3998:
3974:
3949:
3663:
Gardan, L.; Shafik, H.; Belouin, S.; Broch, R.; Grimont, F.; Grimont, P. A. D. (1999).
3637:
3594:
3487:, Developments in Plant Pathology, vol. 9, Springer Netherlands, pp. 575–83,
3229:
3192:
3168:
3127:
2788:
2755:
2709:
2684:
2005:
1039:
995:
906:
902:
833:
which injure the plant and can suppress the host immune system. One such phytotoxin is
86:
4862:"Natural variation for unusual host responses and flagellin mediated immunity against
4749:
4728:
4220:
4173:
4149:
4106:
3476:
Bashan, Yoav (1997), "Alternative Strategies for Controlling Plant Diseases Caused by
3368:
3339:
2581:
2552:
2528:
2487:
1773:
genes from other bacterial pathogens, and furthermore, because none of the endogenous
5527:
5236:
5075:
4556:
4517:
4453:
4396:
3965:
3549:
3295:
3018:
2989:
2700:
1741:. The gene-for-gene relationship describes the recognition of pathogenic avirulence (
1432:
1229:
1066:
339:
204:
5477:
4959:
Kvitko BH, Park DH, Velasquez AC, Wei CF, Russell A, Martin GB, et al. (2009).
4766:
3811:
3112:
5386:
4969:
DC3000 type III secretion effector genes reveal functional overlap among effectors"
4710:
3151:
3009:
1993:
DC3000, making it resistant to the bacteria. Studying the interactions between the
1162:
1007:
930:
688:
562:
445:
429:
3619:
3492:
3359:
2572:
2519:
554:
4985:
3855:
Bennett, J. Michael; Hicks, Dale R.; Naeve, Seth L.; Bennett, Nancy Bush (2014).
3142:. plant-reprogramming insects: from effector molecules to ecosystem engineering.
2050:
DC3000∆∆), which expresses neither AvrPto nor AvrPtoB. By infecting RG-PtoR with
5433:
5353:
3865:
3533:
3445:
3424:
3043:"Control of Storage Rots on Various Pear Cultivars with a Saprophytic Strain of
983:
830:
803:
738:
711:, biofilm formation, and production of proteins with ice-nucleating properties.
453:
373:
171:
126:
5202:
4923:
2463:
2426:
2338:
2165:
has suffered catastrophic losses since their first known outbreak in 2007 from
191:
4905:
Rosli HG, Zheng Y, Pombo MA, Zhong S, Bombarely A, Fei Z, et al. (2013).
4860:
Roberts R, Mainiero S, Powell AF, Liu AE, Shi K, Hind SR, et al. (2019).
4790:
DC3000 Does Not Elicit Pto-Mediated Resistance and Is Less Virulent on Tomato"
4604:
3693:
3664:
3104:
2908:
Jeong, R.-D.; Chu, E.-H.; Lee, G.W.; Park, J.M.; Park, H.-J. (24 March 2016).
1090:
952:(ice nucleation-active) genes that make INA proteins which translocate to the
938:
834:
684:
633:
498:
466:
5344:
5210:
5155:
5049:
4494:
4437:
4380:
4322:
3628:
3454:
3279:
3220:
3159:
2943:
2886:
2779:
2488:"Characterization of Pyoverdin(pss), the Fluorescent Siderophore Produced by
910:
polysaccharides and DNA to create a protective environment in which to grow.
691:
when conditions are not favourable for disease. Some saprotrophic strains of
584:
phenomenon baffled scientists until graduate student Steven E. Lindow of the
5407:
5276:
4139:
4023:
3925:
2082:
1464:
1391:
1181:
1070:
875:
724:
490:
456:
342:
214:
5295:
5228:
5163:
5067:
5004:
4942:
4891:
4817:
4758:
4733:
effector proteins interact with the Pto kinase and activate plant immunity"
4702:
4656:
4613:
4546:
4502:
4445:
4388:
4330:
4229:
4210:
4158:
4091:
4042:
3983:
3934:
3803:
3785:
3702:
3646:
3541:
3462:
3287:
3238:
3177:
3027:
2934:
2909:
2894:
2797:
2718:
2537:
2472:
2346:
2311:
5099: : chemical control, resistance mechanisms and possible alternatives"
4565:
4522:
resistance gene in tomato by using random primers and near-isogenic lines"
4278:
4073:
3377:
3191:
Bauters, Lander; Stojilković, Boris; Gheysen, Godelieve (19 August 2021).
2590:
2425:
Scholz-Schroeder, Brenda K.; Soule, Jonathan D.; Gross, Dennis C. (2003).
2131:
has impacted many crop and orchard industries with its various pathovars.
444:. Many, but not all, strains secrete the lipodepsinonapeptide plant toxin
5338:
4808:
4781:
2771:
2661:
2302:
2281:
1982:). However, the tomato cultivar Rio Grande-PtoR (RG-PtoR), harboring the
1699:
1547:
1534:
1074:
1018:
905:
which allow it to adhere to the surface of plant cells. It also releases
879:
818:
652:
648:
378:
354:
353:, it can infect a wide range of species, and exists as over 50 different
346:
76:
4694:
4270:
3595:"Combined Application of Bacteriophages and Carvacrol in the Control of
2957:
Hirano, S S; Upper, C D (1990). "Population Biology and Epidemiology of
1945:
is not directly an immunity gene, but by helping move external material
921:—more than any mineral or other organism—is responsible for the surface
5425:
5373:
5368:
3062:
2877:
2856:
1452:
1352:
1288:
1078:
982:
from a field. The most common way to control this pathogen is to spray
660:
437:
209:
5438:
5256:"Comparative genomic analysis of two-component regulatory proteins in
5115:
5090:
4882:
4861:
4837:
Effectors AvrPto and AvrPtoB". Effectors in Plant–Microbe Interactions
3794:
3211:
2410:
2381:
4107:"The complete genome sequence of the Arabidopsis and tomato pathogen
2152:
1983:
1746:
1483:
1458:
860:
809:
580:
540:
5315:
5020:"Transposon Insertion Sequencing, a Global Measure of Gene Function"
4722:
4720:
3759:"Isolation and partial characterization of bacteriophages infecting
3480:", in Rudolph, K.; Burr, T. J.; Mansfield, J. W.; Stead, D. (eds.),
5412:
4954:
4952:
3719:
2861:
Diseases of Fruit Trees: Progress Toward Understanding and Control"
2641:
2386:
Major Evolutionary Groups Reveals Species-Specific Adaptations for
2012:
on the cell surface bind to pathogen-associated molecular patterns
2242:
2177:
2016:. The other branch of plant immunity, effector-triggered immunity
1395:
922:
742:
728:
561:
553:
3900:"The Molecular Basis of Host Specialization in Bean Pathovars of
2327:
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
1949:
is indirectly related, and some mutants increase susceptibility.
5399:
2100:-induced tomato knockout mutants (in a RG-PtoR background) with
882:. Liu et al. 2005 finds this to be the only alternative to mass
866:
486:
482:
441:
394:
A phylogenomic analysis of 494 complete genomes from the entire
5319:
3132:
enhances herbivory by suppressing the reactive oxygen burst in
2685:"Top 10 plant pathogenic bacteria in molecular plant pathology"
608:. He was later successful at producing the ice-minus strain of
523:. Owing to early availability of the genome sequence for three
2756:"Bacterial Ice Nucleation: A Factor in Frost Injury to Plants"
695:
have been used as biocontrol agents against postharvest rots.
448:, and it owes its yellow fluorescent appearance when cultured
2766:(4). American Society of Plant Biologists (ASPB): 1084–1089.
632:
group comprised 2944 proteins, whereas the protein count and
3338:
Maki, LR; Galyan, EL; Chang-Chien, MM; Caldwell, DR (1974).
511:. Nearly 60 different type III effector families encoded by
2176:
Between 2010 and 2012 over 2,000 hectares (4,900 acres) of
4833:"Suppression and Activation of the Plant Immune System by
4668:
4666:
3429:
Strains Isolated from Mango Is Encoded Mainly by Plasmids"
1145:). According to this schema, the remaining pathovars are:
2624:"From Trees and Grass, Bacteria That Cause Snow and Rain"
2609:"Bacteria-rich hailstones add to 'bioprecipitation' idea"
1014:
but is less common than the methods listed above.
978:
Currently there is not a 100% effective way to eradicate
647:
overwinters on infected plant tissues such as regions of
301:(Prunier, Luisetti &. Gardan) Young, Dye & Wilkie
3736:
European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization
2259:
European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization
2008:, is activated when plant pattern recognition receptors
1807:
further advance knowledge of plant pathogen interactions
5187:: Ecology, Infection Dynamics and Disease Epidemiology"
4347:
Pottinger, Sarah E.; Innes, Roger W. (25 August 2020).
4342:
4340:
4290:
4288:
4174:"Genomewide identification of proteins secreted by the
2754:; Arny, Deane C.; Upper, Christen D. (1 October 1982).
683:
Although it is a plant pathogen, it can also live as a
5197:(1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 81–102.
5018:
van Opijnen, Tim; Levin, Henry L. (23 November 2020).
2382:"Comparative Analysis of the Core Proteomes among the
784:
gene cluster, coding for the Hrp secretion apparatus.
4673:
Jones JD, Dangl J (2006). "The plant immune system".
2038:
DC3000 has been modified to create the mutant strain
741:
that the pathogen can take advantage of. The role of
2147:
Mesarich et al. 2017 provides several libraries for
1729:
have been identified using the two model organisms,
1591:
Owing to early availability of genome sequences for
1516:, and in many places continues to be referred to as
1050:
It has been successful in the cherry rootstock with
5328:
2364:. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins. pp. 141–99.
1960:
strain DC3000, its derivatives, and its tomato host
1010:and organic bactericides is another way to control
2990:"Bacteria in the Leaf Ecosystem with Emphasis on
3681:International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology
2220:National Collection of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria
1512:was once considered a pathovar or subspecies of
4003:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
3082:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3072:
1006:strains do exist. Spraying antibiotics such as
925:exposed to the environment. For plants without
566:Tomato plant leaf infected with bacterial speck
3396:Biological Ice Nucleation and Its Applications
3311:Biological Ice Nucleation and Its Applications
2602:
2600:
2286:: enterprising epiphyte and stealthy parasite"
2237:
2235:
4518:"Rapid identification of markers linked to a
3767:, causal agent of kiwifruit bacterial canker"
3658:
3656:
612:through recombinant DNA technology, as well.
558:Bacterial speck on tomato in Upstate New York
497:. These INA proteins are also used in making
8:
4516:Martin GB, Williams JG, Tanksley SD (1991).
604:in ice nucleation and in 1977, discover the
489:. They have also been found in the cores of
5089:Cameron, A.; Sarojini, V. (February 2014).
3714:
3712:
3572:Pacific Northwest Pest Management Handbooks
3389:
3387:
1046:is another somewhat effective way to avoid
5316:
4062:Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews
2998:Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews
964:have been created to reduce frost damage.
42:
31:
5285:
5275:
5218:
5114:
5057:
4994:
4984:
4932:
4922:
4881:
4866:in genetically diverse tomato accessions"
4807:
4748:
4603:
4555:
4545:
4370:
4219:
4209:
4148:
4138:
4081:
4032:
4022:
3973:
3924:
3793:
3692:
3636:
3618:
3444:
3367:
3228:
3210:
3167:
3017:
2994:---a Pathogen, Ice Nucleus, and Epiphyte"
2933:
2876:
2787:
2708:
2580:
2527:
2462:
2409:
2301:
2180:kiwifruit orchards either were killed by
385:group. It is named after the lilac tree (
3665:"DNA relatedness among the pathovars of
2360:Kreig, N. R.; Holt, J. G., eds. (1984).
1811:
1093:, incorporation of several pathovars of
452:on King's B medium to production of the
2231:
2032:-expressing tomato lines like RG-PtoR.
1989:, recognizes key effectors secreted by
737:, which creates holes in leaves during
5539:Bacterial plant pathogens and diseases
5311:– the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
3272:10.1146/annurev-virology-010220-054709
2500:Applied and Environmental Microbiology
1574:pathogen-associated molecular patterns
473:has been implicated as an atmospheric
4178:type III protein secretion system of
2850:
2848:
2362:Bergey's Manual of Systematic Biology
1757:DC3000 is a useful tool for studying
1097:into other species was proposed (see
1073:shows promise in control of both the
391:), from which it was first isolated.
7:
5501:caa46401-76ac-468c-86b6-1d5a030bb666
4795:Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions
4592:Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions
4258:Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions
3912:Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions
3677:sp. nov. (ex Sutic and Dowson 1959)"
3439:(8). Scientific Societies: 909–916.
2988:Hirano, S. S.; Upper, C. D. (2000).
2820:Reproductive and Genetic Engineering
2451:Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions
2375:
2373:
2371:
2061:Another useful DC3000 derivative is
1915:RESISTANCE TO PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGAE 5
477:, with airborne bacteria serving as
467:ice nucleation active (INA) proteins
381:analysis, it has been placed in the
5148:10.1146/annurev-phyto-080516-035530
5132:Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae
5042:10.1146/annurev-genet-112618-043838
4649:10.1146/annurev-phyto-082712-102321
4487:10.1146/annurev-phyto-080614-120347
4430:10.1146/annurev-micro-020518-120022
4372:10.1146/annurev-phyto-010820-012733
4315:10.1146/annurev-genet-120213-092110
3826:"Bleeding Canker of Horse Chestnut"
2975:10.1146/annurev.py.28.090190.001103
1580:between the pathogen and the host.
1017:New research has shown that adding
807:2-hydroxyisoflavanone dehydratase (
4727:Kim YJ, Lin NC, Martin GB (2002).
3400:American Phytopathological Society
3315:American Phytopathological Society
2734:"Recombinant DNA to Protect Crops"
1672:As mentioned above, the genome of
723:is able to enter plants using its
594:University of California, Berkeley
25:
3870:University of Minnesota Extension
3041:Janisiewicz WJ, Marchi A (1992).
2163:kiwifruit industry in New Zealand
592:, now a plant pathologist at the
18:Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae
4961:"Deletions in the repertoire of
3966:10.1111/j.1364-3703.2009.00576.x
3858:The Minnesota Soybean Field Book
2910:"Effect of gamma irradiation on
2701:10.1111/j.1364-3703.2012.00804.x
2280:Arnold, DL; Preston, GM (2019).
1567:Determinants of host specificity
771:type III secretion system (T3SS)
432:activity, and forms the polymer
63:
5136:Annual Review of Phytopathology
4470:Annual Review of Phytopathology
4354:Annual Review of Phytopathology
3485:Pathovars and Related Pathogens
2963:Annual Review of Phytopathology
2149:transposon insertion sequencing
1976:DC3000) is virulent to tomato (
998:are used to stop the spread of
586:University of Wisconsin–Madison
3152:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2015.07.011
3010:10.1128/MMBR.64.3.624-653.2000
2551:Maki, Leroy (September 1974).
1947:into the intracellular network
577:U.S. Department of Agriculture
515:genes have been identified in
1:
4782:"An avrPto/avrPtoB Mutant of
4750:10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00743-2
4413:Annual Review of Microbiology
3620:10.3390/microorganisms8060837
3603:Planktonic and Biofilm Forms"
3493:10.1007/978-94-011-5472-7_105
3360:10.1128/AEM.28.3.456-459.1974
2918:DC3000 – short communication"
2607:Palmer, Jason (25 May 2011).
2573:10.1128/AEM.28.3.456-459.1974
2520:10.1128/AEM.53.5.928-934.1987
1997:-expressing tomato lines and
4986:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000388
4190:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
4119:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
3872:. p. 84. Archived from
3140:Journal of Insect Physiology
2732:Parrott, Carolyn C. (1993).
2622:Robbins, Jim (24 May 2010).
2486:Cody, YS; Gross, DC (1987).
4627:Xiu-Fang X, He SY (2013). "
3948:Mansfield, John W. (2009).
3728:(PSDMAK)[Overview]"
3534:10.1016/j.jplph.2019.05.009
3522:Journal of Plant Physiology
3446:10.1094/phyto.2002.92.8.909
3340:"Ice nucleation induced by
2811:Hynes, H. Patricia (1989).
2658:National Science Foundation
2650:Genome Resources Home Page"
2553:"Ice Nucleation Induced by
2251:(PSDMPE)[Overview]"
1828:R-genes that recognize them
1727:gene-for-gene relationships
1638:plant-pathogen interactions
1296:bacterial blight of soybean
1065:A combination treatment of
829:The pathogens also produce
699:Mechanisms of pathogenicity
575:In 1961, Paul Hoppe of the
549:plant-pathogen interactions
5565:
5549:Bacteria described in 1904
5203:10.1007/s00248-019-01459-8
4924:10.1186/gb-2013-14-12-r139
2826:(1): 39–49. Archived from
2464:10.1094/MPMI.2003.16.4.271
2339:10.1099/00207713-50-4-1563
1934:Dynamin-related protein 2b
1267:attacks the kohekohe tree
765:isolates carry a range of
753:Overcoming host resistance
600:, investigate the role of
5025:Annual Review of Genetics
4780:Lin N, Martin GB (2005).
4605:10.1094/MPMI-03-17-0056-R
4298:Annual Review of Genetics
3954:Molecular Plant Pathology
3694:10.1099/00207713-49-2-469
3255:Annual Review of Virology
3198:Molecular Plant Pathology
3105:10.1007/s10327-013-0452-8
2689:Molecular Plant Pathology
1761:: R-gene interactions in
1710:DC3000 is able to infect
914:Ice-nucleating properties
801:which interfere with the
509:type III secretion system
479:cloud condensation nuclei
371:is a member of the genus
227:
222:
177:
170:
155:
148:
60:Scientific classification
58:
50:
41:
34:
2922:Plant Protection Science
2683:Mansfield, John (2012).
2392:Pseudomonas chlororaphis
1793:. The transformation of
954:outer bacterial membrane
715:Ability to invade plants
475:biological ice nucleator
5277:10.1186/1471-2164-8-397
4140:10.1073/pnas.1731982100
4024:10.1073/pnas.0604891103
3926:10.1094/mpmi-08-11-0218
3398:. St. Paul, Minnesota:
3313:. St. Paul, Minnesota:
1777:genes is recognized by
1203:attacks horse chestnut
878:upon detection of this
606:mutant ice-minus strain
4637:Annu. Rev. Phytopathol
4547:10.1073/pnas.88.6.2336
4211:10.1073/pnas.112183899
3786:10.1002/jobm.201300951
3425:"Copper Resistance in
2388:Pseudomonas aeruginosa
1964:As its name suggests,
1702:against it - that is,
1578:evolutionary arms race
1509:Pseudomonas savastanoi
1494:, including pathovars
1206:Aesculus hippocastanum
923:frost damage in plants
567:
559:
4526:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci
4074:10.1128/MMBR.00017-10
3675:Pseudomonas cannabina
2740:on 18 September 2012.
2646:-Plant Interaction –
2190:economic consequences
1629:Nicotiana benthamiana
1027:Pseudomonas syringae.
888:programmed cell death
874:. Hosts respond with
837:, found in pathovars
565:
557:
536:Nicotiana benthamiana
5511:pseudomonas-syringae
5478:pseudomonas-syringae
5360:Pseudomonas syringae
5330:Pseudomonas syringae
5305:Pseudomonas syringae
5258:Pseudomonas syringae
5181:Pseudomonas syringae
5093:Pseudomonas syringae
4963:Pseudomonas syringae
4864:Pseudomonas syringae
4835:Pseudomonas syringae
4809:10.1094/MPMI-18-0043
4784:Pseudomonas syringae
4629:Pseudomonas syringae
4583:Pseudomonas syringae
4249:Pseudomonas syringae
4180:Pseudomonas syringae
4109:Pseudomonas syringae
3902:Pseudomonas syringae
3879:on 30 September 2013
3761:Pseudomonas syringae
3722:Pseudomonas syringae
3667:Pseudomonas syringae
3597:Pseudomonas syringae
3564:"Diseases Caused by
3518:Pseudomonas syringae
3483:Pseudomonas Syringae
3478:Pseudomonas syringae
3427:Pseudomonas syringae
3348:Applied Microbiology
3342:Pseudomonas syringae
3130:Pseudomonas syringae
3089:Pseudomonas syringae
3045:Pseudomonas syringae
2992:Pseudomonas syringae
2959:Pseudomonas Syringae
2935:10.17221/68/2015-pps
2912:Pseudomonas syringae
2859:Pseudomonas syringae
2772:10.1104/pp.70.4.1084
2648:Pseudomonas syringae
2561:Applied Microbiology
2555:Pseudomonas syringae
2490:Pseudomonas syringae
2441:Pseudomonas syringae
2303:10.1099/mic.0.000715
2284:Pseudomonas syringae
2245:Pseudomonas syringae
2129:Pseudomonas syringae
2118:∆avrPto∆avrPtoB∆fliC
2081:, the gene encoding
2067:∆avrPto∆avrPtoB∆fliC
1979:Solanum lycopersicum
1954:Pseudomonas syringae
1921:Arabidopsis thaliana
1667:Arabidopsis thaliana
1659:Pseudomonas syringae
1623:Arabidopsis thaliana
1585:Pseudomonas syringae
1414:halo blight of beans
1270:Dysoxylum spectabile
1052:Pseudomonas syringae
968:Pseudomonas syringae
946:Pseudomonas syringae
919:Pseudomonas syringae
899:Pseudomonas syringae
763:Pseudomonas syringae
645:Pseudomonas syringae
530:Arabidopsis thaliana
505:Pseudomonas syringae
463:Pseudomonas syringae
426:arginine dihydrolase
422:Pseudomonas syringae
369:Pseudomonas syringae
335:Pseudomonas syringae
159:Pseudomonas syringae
53:Pseudomonas syringae
36:Pseudomonas syringae
27:Species of bacterium
4839:. pp. 123–54.
4695:10.1038/nature05281
4687:2006Natur.444..391Y
4538:1991PNAS...88.2336M
4271:10.1094/mpmi-9-0055
4202:2002PNAS...99.7652P
4131:2003PNAS..10010181B
4015:2006PNAS..10314941T
3836:on 17 December 2010
3830:Forestry Commission
3669:and description of
3613:(6). MDPI AG: 837.
3574:. 10 September 2015
3566:Pseudomonas syringe
3520:in tomato plants".
2512:1987ApEnM..53..928C
1186:Actinidia deliciosa
927:antifreeze proteins
675:Diseases caused by
424:tests negative for
97:Gammaproteobacteria
4831:Martin GB (2011).
3774:J. Basic Microbiol
3738:). 7 February 2008
3671:Pseudomonas tremae
3402:. pp. 63–83.
3317:. pp. 41–61.
3093:J Gen Plant Pathol
3063:10.1094/pd-76-0555
2878:10.1094/PD-91-0004
2833:on 4 December 2014
2664:. 3 September 2010
2654:Cornell University
2628:The New York Times
2261:). 28 January 2001
2207:Ice-minus bacteria
1765:because it can be
1737:strain DC3000 and
1722:to this pathogen.
1665:strain DC3000 and
1612:strain B728a, and
1370:attacks crabapple
962:ice-minus bacteria
858:DC3000 produces a
799:type III effectors
703:The mechanisms of
568:
560:
398:genus showed that
5521:
5520:
5322:Taxon identifiers
5191:Microbial Ecology
5116:10.1111/ppa.12066
4883:10.1111/nph.15788
3502:978-94-010-6301-2
3409:978-0-89054-172-2
3324:978-0-89054-172-2
3212:10.1111/mpp.13123
3205:(11): 1436–1448.
2752:Lindow, Steven E.
2411:10.3390/d12080289
2073:DC3000∆∆∆). Like
1929:
1928:
1587:as a model system
1334:Triticum aestivum
1250:Triticum aestivum
1091:ribotype analysis
894:Biofilm formation
774:effector proteins
767:virulence factors
338:is a rod-shaped,
331:
330:
302:
16:(Redirected from
5556:
5544:Soybean diseases
5514:
5513:
5504:
5503:
5494:
5493:
5481:
5480:
5468:
5467:
5455:
5454:
5442:
5441:
5429:
5428:
5416:
5415:
5403:
5402:
5390:
5389:
5377:
5376:
5364:
5363:
5362:
5349:
5348:
5347:
5317:
5299:
5289:
5279:
5241:
5240:
5222:
5174:
5168:
5167:
5127:
5121:
5120:
5118:
5086:
5080:
5079:
5061:
5015:
5009:
5008:
4998:
4988:
4956:
4947:
4946:
4936:
4926:
4902:
4896:
4895:
4885:
4857:
4851:
4850:
4828:
4822:
4821:
4811:
4777:
4771:
4770:
4752:
4724:
4715:
4714:
4681:(7117): 323–29.
4670:
4661:
4660:
4624:
4618:
4617:
4607:
4589:
4576:
4570:
4569:
4559:
4549:
4513:
4507:
4506:
4464:
4458:
4457:
4407:
4401:
4400:
4374:
4344:
4335:
4334:
4292:
4283:
4282:
4240:
4234:
4233:
4223:
4213:
4169:
4163:
4162:
4152:
4142:
4125:(18): 10181–86.
4102:
4096:
4095:
4085:
4053:
4047:
4046:
4036:
4026:
3994:
3988:
3987:
3977:
3945:
3939:
3938:
3928:
3908:
3895:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3884:
3878:
3863:
3852:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3841:
3832:. Archived from
3822:
3816:
3815:
3797:
3771:
3754:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3743:
3716:
3707:
3706:
3696:
3660:
3651:
3650:
3640:
3622:
3590:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3579:
3560:
3554:
3553:
3512:
3506:
3505:
3473:
3467:
3466:
3448:
3420:
3414:
3413:
3391:
3382:
3381:
3371:
3335:
3329:
3328:
3306:
3300:
3299:
3249:
3243:
3242:
3232:
3214:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3171:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3084:
3067:
3066:
3038:
3032:
3031:
3021:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2954:
2948:
2947:
2937:
2905:
2899:
2898:
2880:
2852:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2832:
2817:
2808:
2802:
2801:
2791:
2760:Plant Physiology
2748:
2742:
2741:
2736:. Archived from
2729:
2723:
2722:
2712:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2604:
2595:
2594:
2584:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2531:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2466:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2377:
2366:
2365:
2357:
2351:
2350:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2305:
2277:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2239:
2202:Bioprecipitation
1812:
1747:resistance genes
1745:) genes by host
1680:DC3000 has been
1603:
1602:
1481:
1480:
1449:
1448:
1429:
1428:
1411:
1410:
1389:
1388:
1373:Malus sylvestris
1369:
1368:
1349:
1348:
1331:
1330:
1311:
1310:
1286:
1285:
1266:
1265:
1246:
1245:
1226:
1225:
1202:
1201:
1179:
1178:
1159:
1158:
1112:P. coronafaciens
992:copper hydroxide
886:leading to mass
884:hypersensitivity
796:
795:
734:Scaptomyza flava
590:Steven E. Lindow
495:bioprecipitation
388:Syringa vulgaris
300:
161:
141:P. syringae
117:Pseudomonadaceae
68:
67:
46:
32:
21:
5564:
5563:
5559:
5558:
5557:
5555:
5554:
5553:
5534:Pseudomonadales
5524:
5523:
5522:
5517:
5509:
5507:
5499:
5497:
5489:
5484:
5476:
5471:
5463:
5458:
5450:
5445:
5437:
5432:
5424:
5419:
5411:
5406:
5398:
5393:
5385:
5380:
5372:
5367:
5358:
5357:
5352:
5343:
5342:
5337:
5324:
5303:Type strain of
5253:
5250:
5245:
5244:
5176:
5175:
5171:
5129:
5128:
5124:
5103:Plant Pathology
5088:
5087:
5083:
5017:
5016:
5012:
4979:(4): e1000388.
4958:
4957:
4950:
4904:
4903:
4899:
4870:New Phytologist
4859:
4858:
4854:
4847:
4830:
4829:
4825:
4779:
4778:
4774:
4726:
4725:
4718:
4672:
4671:
4664:
4626:
4625:
4621:
4587:
4578:
4577:
4573:
4515:
4514:
4510:
4466:
4465:
4461:
4409:
4408:
4404:
4346:
4345:
4338:
4294:
4293:
4286:
4242:
4241:
4237:
4196:(11): 7652–57.
4171:
4170:
4166:
4104:
4103:
4099:
4055:
4054:
4050:
4009:(40): 14941–6.
3996:
3995:
3991:
3947:
3946:
3942:
3906:
3897:
3896:
3892:
3882:
3880:
3876:
3861:
3854:
3853:
3849:
3839:
3837:
3824:
3823:
3819:
3780:(11): 1210–21.
3769:
3756:
3755:
3751:
3741:
3739:
3732:Global Database
3718:
3717:
3710:
3662:
3661:
3654:
3592:
3591:
3587:
3577:
3575:
3562:
3561:
3557:
3514:
3513:
3509:
3503:
3475:
3474:
3470:
3422:
3421:
3417:
3410:
3393:
3392:
3385:
3337:
3336:
3332:
3325:
3308:
3307:
3303:
3251:
3250:
3246:
3190:
3189:
3185:
3125:
3124:
3120:
3086:
3085:
3070:
3040:
3039:
3035:
2987:
2986:
2982:
2956:
2955:
2951:
2907:
2906:
2902:
2854:
2853:
2846:
2836:
2834:
2830:
2815:
2810:
2809:
2805:
2750:
2749:
2745:
2731:
2730:
2726:
2682:
2681:
2677:
2667:
2665:
2640:
2639:
2635:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2606:
2605:
2598:
2550:
2549:
2545:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2379:
2378:
2369:
2359:
2358:
2354:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2264:
2262:
2255:Global Database
2241:
2240:
2233:
2228:
2198:
2145:
2126:
2110:∆avrPto∆avrPtoB
2044:∆avrPto∆avrPtoB
1984:resistance gene
1962:
1781:, any observed
1670:
1593:
1592:
1589:
1569:
1546:(which attacks
1472:
1471:
1440:
1439:
1420:
1419:
1402:
1401:
1380:
1379:
1360:
1359:
1340:
1339:
1322:
1321:
1315:Hordeum vulgare
1312:attacks barley
1302:
1301:
1277:
1276:
1257:
1256:
1237:
1236:
1217:
1216:
1211:bleeding canker
1193:
1192:
1170:
1169:
1150:
1149:
1087:
1040:Breeding plants
1024:
976:
916:
903:polysaccharides
896:
853:
827:
793:
792:
790:
760:
755:
717:
709:host resistance
701:
673:
642:
618:
579:studied a corn
573:
499:artificial snow
377:, and based on
319:
311:
303:
292:
284:
276:
268:
260:
252:
244:
236:
213:
208:
203:
199:
195:
190:
186:
181:
166:
163:
157:
144:
107:Pseudomonadales
62:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5562:
5560:
5552:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5526:
5525:
5519:
5518:
5516:
5515:
5505:
5495:
5482:
5469:
5456:
5443:
5430:
5417:
5404:
5391:
5378:
5365:
5350:
5334:
5332:
5326:
5325:
5320:
5314:
5313:
5300:
5249:
5248:External links
5246:
5243:
5242:
5169:
5122:
5081:
5034:Annual Reviews
5010:
4973:PLOS Pathogens
4948:
4911:Genome Biology
4897:
4852:
4845:
4823:
4772:
4743:(5): 589–598.
4729:"Two distinct
4716:
4662:
4619:
4571:
4532:(6): 2336–40.
4508:
4479:Annual Reviews
4459:
4422:Annual Reviews
4402:
4363:Annual Reviews
4336:
4307:Annual Reviews
4284:
4235:
4164:
4097:
4068:(4): 479–503.
4048:
3989:
3940:
3890:
3847:
3817:
3749:
3708:
3652:
3607:Microorganisms
3585:
3555:
3507:
3501:
3468:
3433:Phytopathology
3415:
3408:
3383:
3330:
3323:
3301:
3264:Annual Reviews
3244:
3183:
3118:
3099:(5): 285–296.
3068:
3033:
2980:
2949:
2900:
2844:
2803:
2743:
2724:
2675:
2633:
2614:
2596:
2543:
2478:
2417:
2367:
2352:
2333:(4): 1563–89.
2317:
2272:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2209:
2204:
2197:
2194:
2144:
2135:
2125:
2122:
1961:
1951:
1927:
1926:
1910:
1902:
1901:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1835:
1831:
1830:
1669:
1656:
1632:, and tomato,
1588:
1582:
1568:
1565:
1559:(which causes
1533:(which causes
1488:
1487:
1469:
1437:
1417:
1399:
1377:
1357:
1356:grass species.
1337:
1332:attacks wheat
1319:
1299:
1274:
1254:
1247:attacks wheat
1234:
1227:attacks beets
1214:
1190:
1167:
1160:attacks maple
1142:P. viridiflava
1124:'P. helianthi'
1086:
1083:
1022:
996:cupric sulfate
975:
972:
933:liquid state.
915:
912:
907:quorum sensing
895:
892:
852:
849:
826:
823:
789:
786:
759:
756:
754:
751:
716:
713:
700:
697:
672:
669:
641:
638:
617:
614:
572:
569:
465:also produces
365:, and others.
351:plant pathogen
329:
328:
225:
224:
220:
219:
175:
174:
168:
167:
165:Van Hall, 1904
164:
153:
152:
146:
145:
138:
136:
132:
131:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
87:Pseudomonadota
84:
80:
79:
74:
70:
69:
56:
55:
48:
47:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5561:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5531:
5529:
5512:
5506:
5502:
5496:
5492:
5487:
5483:
5479:
5474:
5470:
5466:
5461:
5457:
5453:
5448:
5444:
5440:
5435:
5431:
5427:
5422:
5418:
5414:
5409:
5405:
5401:
5396:
5392:
5388:
5383:
5379:
5375:
5370:
5366:
5361:
5355:
5351:
5346:
5340:
5336:
5335:
5333:
5331:
5327:
5323:
5318:
5312:
5310:
5306:
5301:
5297:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5269:
5265:
5261:
5259:
5252:
5251:
5247:
5238:
5234:
5230:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5212:
5208:
5204:
5200:
5196:
5192:
5188:
5186:
5182:
5173:
5170:
5165:
5161:
5157:
5153:
5149:
5145:
5142:(1): 377–99.
5141:
5137:
5133:
5126:
5123:
5117:
5112:
5108:
5104:
5100:
5098:
5094:
5085:
5082:
5077:
5073:
5069:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5051:
5047:
5043:
5039:
5035:
5031:
5027:
5026:
5021:
5014:
5011:
5006:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4978:
4974:
4970:
4968:
4964:
4955:
4953:
4949:
4944:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4916:
4912:
4908:
4901:
4898:
4893:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4876:(1): 447–61.
4875:
4871:
4867:
4865:
4856:
4853:
4848:
4846:9781119949138
4842:
4838:
4834:
4827:
4824:
4819:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4801:
4797:
4796:
4791:
4789:
4785:
4776:
4773:
4768:
4764:
4760:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4742:
4738:
4734:
4732:
4723:
4721:
4717:
4712:
4708:
4704:
4700:
4696:
4692:
4688:
4684:
4680:
4676:
4669:
4667:
4663:
4658:
4654:
4650:
4646:
4642:
4638:
4634:
4630:
4623:
4620:
4615:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4598:(9): 725–38.
4597:
4593:
4586:
4584:
4575:
4572:
4567:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4539:
4535:
4531:
4527:
4523:
4521:
4512:
4509:
4504:
4500:
4496:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4480:
4476:
4472:
4471:
4463:
4460:
4455:
4451:
4447:
4443:
4439:
4435:
4431:
4427:
4423:
4419:
4415:
4414:
4406:
4403:
4398:
4394:
4390:
4386:
4382:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4364:
4360:
4356:
4355:
4350:
4343:
4341:
4337:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4320:
4316:
4312:
4308:
4304:
4300:
4299:
4291:
4289:
4285:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4259:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4245:Staskawicz B.
4239:
4236:
4231:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4203:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4187:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4168:
4165:
4160:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4132:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4116:
4114:
4110:
4101:
4098:
4093:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4075:
4071:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4052:
4049:
4044:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3993:
3990:
3985:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3960:(6): 721–34.
3959:
3955:
3951:
3944:
3941:
3936:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3919:(7): 877–88.
3918:
3914:
3913:
3905:
3903:
3894:
3891:
3875:
3871:
3867:
3860:
3859:
3851:
3848:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3821:
3818:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3768:
3766:
3762:
3753:
3750:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3727:
3723:
3715:
3713:
3709:
3704:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3687:(2): 469–78.
3686:
3682:
3678:
3676:
3673:sp. nov. and
3672:
3668:
3659:
3657:
3653:
3648:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3630:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3602:
3598:
3589:
3586:
3573:
3569:
3567:
3559:
3556:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3511:
3508:
3504:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3479:
3472:
3469:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3428:
3419:
3416:
3411:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3390:
3388:
3384:
3379:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3354:(3): 456–59.
3353:
3349:
3345:
3343:
3334:
3331:
3326:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3305:
3302:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3256:
3248:
3245:
3240:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3199:
3194:
3187:
3184:
3179:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3135:
3131:
3122:
3119:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3073:
3069:
3064:
3060:
3057:(6): 555–60.
3056:
3052:
3051:Plant Disease
3048:
3046:
3037:
3034:
3029:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3004:(3): 624–53.
3003:
2999:
2995:
2993:
2984:
2981:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2953:
2950:
2945:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2928:(2): 107–12.
2927:
2923:
2919:
2917:
2913:
2904:
2901:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2865:Plant Disease
2862:
2860:
2851:
2849:
2845:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2814:
2807:
2804:
2799:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2747:
2744:
2739:
2735:
2728:
2725:
2720:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2695:(6): 614–29.
2694:
2690:
2686:
2679:
2676:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2649:
2645:
2637:
2634:
2629:
2625:
2618:
2615:
2610:
2603:
2601:
2597:
2592:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2567:(3): 456–59.
2566:
2562:
2558:
2556:
2547:
2544:
2539:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2506:(5): 928–34.
2505:
2501:
2497:
2495:
2491:
2482:
2479:
2474:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2457:(4): 271–80.
2456:
2452:
2448:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2421:
2418:
2412:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2368:
2363:
2356:
2353:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2321:
2318:
2313:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2296:(3): 251–53.
2295:
2291:
2287:
2285:
2276:
2273:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2250:
2246:
2238:
2236:
2232:
2225:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2193:
2192:more widely.
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2174:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2143:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2094:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1985:
1981:
1980:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1959:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1924:
1922:
1917:
1916:
1911:
1909:
1908:
1904:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1814:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1688:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1630:
1625:
1624:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1601:strain DC3000
1600:
1596:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1575:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1554:
1549:
1545:
1544:
1541:
1536:
1532:
1531:
1528:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1510:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1485:
1479:
1475:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1460:
1455:
1454:
1447:
1443:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1433:Pisum sativum
1430:attacks peas
1427:
1423:
1418:
1415:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1397:
1393:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1347:
1343:
1338:
1335:
1329:
1325:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1309:
1305:
1300:
1297:
1293:
1290:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1264:
1260:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1244:
1240:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1230:Beta vulgaris
1224:
1220:
1215:
1212:
1208:
1207:
1200:
1196:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1143:
1138:
1137:
1132:
1131:
1126:
1125:
1120:
1119:
1114:
1113:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1101:
1096:
1092:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1067:bacteriophage
1063:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1035:
1030:
1028:
1020:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
973:
971:
969:
965:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
913:
911:
908:
904:
900:
893:
891:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
868:
863:
862:
857:
850:
848:
846:
844:
840:
836:
832:
824:
822:
820:
816:
812:
811:
806:
805:
800:
788:Hop effectors
787:
785:
783:
779:
775:
772:
768:
764:
757:
752:
750:
748:
744:
740:
736:
735:
730:
726:
722:
714:
712:
710:
706:
698:
696:
694:
690:
686:
681:
678:
670:
668:
666:
662:
658:
657:P. syringae’s
654:
650:
646:
640:Disease cycle
639:
637:
635:
631:
627:
623:
615:
613:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
582:
578:
570:
564:
556:
552:
550:
546:
542:
538:
537:
532:
531:
526:
522:
521:plant defense
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
458:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
417:
413:
409:
408:P. savastanoi
405:
401:
397:
392:
390:
389:
384:
380:
376:
375:
370:
366:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
341:
340:Gram-negative
337:
336:
327:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
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263:
259:
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231:
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218:
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211:
206:
202:
198:
193:
189:
185:
180:
176:
173:
169:
162:
160:
154:
151:
150:Binomial name
147:
143:
142:
137:
134:
133:
130:
129:
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
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101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
85:
82:
81:
78:
75:
72:
71:
66:
61:
57:
54:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
5329:
5308:
5304:
5267:
5264:BMC Genomics
5263:
5257:
5194:
5190:
5184:
5180:
5172:
5139:
5135:
5131:
5125:
5106:
5102:
5096:
5092:
5084:
5029:
5023:
5013:
4976:
4972:
4966:
4962:
4917:(12): R139.
4914:
4910:
4900:
4873:
4869:
4863:
4855:
4836:
4832:
4826:
4802:(1): 43–51.
4799:
4793:
4787:
4783:
4775:
4740:
4736:
4730:
4678:
4674:
4640:
4636:
4632:
4628:
4622:
4595:
4591:
4582:
4574:
4529:
4525:
4519:
4511:
4474:
4468:
4462:
4417:
4411:
4405:
4358:
4352:
4302:
4296:
4265:(1): 55–61.
4262:
4256:
4252:
4248:
4238:
4193:
4189:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4167:
4122:
4118:
4112:
4108:
4100:
4065:
4061:
4051:
4006:
4002:
3992:
3957:
3953:
3943:
3916:
3910:
3901:
3893:
3881:. Retrieved
3874:the original
3857:
3850:
3838:. Retrieved
3834:the original
3820:
3777:
3773:
3764:
3760:
3752:
3740:. Retrieved
3731:
3725:
3721:
3684:
3680:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3610:
3606:
3600:
3596:
3588:
3576:. Retrieved
3571:
3565:
3558:
3525:
3521:
3517:
3510:
3484:
3481:
3477:
3471:
3436:
3432:
3426:
3418:
3395:
3351:
3347:
3341:
3333:
3310:
3304:
3259:
3253:
3247:
3202:
3196:
3186:
3143:
3139:
3133:
3129:
3121:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3054:
3050:
3044:
3036:
3001:
2997:
2991:
2983:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2952:
2925:
2921:
2915:
2911:
2903:
2868:
2864:
2858:
2835:. Retrieved
2828:the original
2823:
2819:
2806:
2763:
2759:
2746:
2738:the original
2727:
2692:
2688:
2678:
2666:. Retrieved
2647:
2643:
2642:"PPI home –
2636:
2627:
2617:
2564:
2560:
2554:
2546:
2503:
2499:
2493:
2489:
2481:
2454:
2450:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2420:
2401:
2397:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2361:
2355:
2330:
2326:
2320:
2293:
2290:Microbiology
2289:
2283:
2275:
2263:. Retrieved
2254:
2248:
2244:
2212:
2185:
2181:
2175:
2170:
2166:
2160:
2156:
2146:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2128:
2127:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2096:By treating
2095:
2090:
2089:DC3000∆∆ or
2086:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2060:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2034:
2029:
2025:
2003:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1963:
1957:
1953:
1942:
1932:
1930:
1920:
1912:
1905:
1898:
1893:
1886:
1881:
1874:
1869:
1862:
1857:
1850:
1845:
1837:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1816:Examples of
1815:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1724:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1695:
1691:
1690:thus making
1686:
1677:
1673:
1671:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1650:
1645:
1641:
1633:
1627:
1621:
1618:phaseolicola
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1584:
1570:
1555:
1552:
1542:
1539:
1529:
1526:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1507:
1503:
1500:phaseolicola
1499:
1495:
1491:
1489:
1477:
1473:
1463:
1457:
1451:
1445:
1441:
1431:
1425:
1421:
1408:phaseolicola
1407:
1403:
1385:
1381:
1371:
1365:
1361:
1351:
1345:
1341:
1333:
1327:
1323:
1313:
1307:
1303:
1291:
1282:
1278:
1268:
1262:
1258:
1248:
1242:
1238:
1228:
1222:
1218:
1204:
1198:
1194:
1184:
1175:
1171:
1161:
1155:
1151:
1140:
1136:P. cannabina
1134:
1128:
1122:
1118:P. avellanae
1116:
1110:
1104:
1098:
1094:
1088:
1064:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1048:P. syringae.
1047:
1038:
1034:P. syringae.
1033:
1031:
1026:
1016:
1011:
1008:streptomycin
1003:
999:
984:bactericides
979:
977:
967:
966:
957:
949:
945:
944:
934:
918:
917:
898:
897:
871:
865:
859:
855:
854:
847:
842:
838:
828:
814:
808:
802:
791:
781:
777:
762:
761:
746:
732:
720:
718:
704:
702:
692:
689:phyllosphere
682:
676:
674:
671:Epidemiology
664:
656:
644:
643:
629:
625:
621:
619:
609:
601:
597:
574:
544:
534:
528:
524:
516:
512:
504:
503:
493:, aiding in
470:
462:
461:
449:
446:syringomycin
421:
420:
415:
411:
407:
404:P. avellanae
403:
399:
395:
393:
386:
382:
372:
368:
367:
334:
333:
332:
325:morsprunorum
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
228:
182:
158:
156:
140:
139:
127:
52:
51:Cultures of
35:
29:
5434:iNaturalist
5354:Wikispecies
5109:(1): 1–11.
5036:: 337–365.
4731:Pseudomonas
4520:Pseudomonas
4481:: 379–402.
4424:: 667–696.
4365:: 139–160.
4309:: 315–338.
4243:Hinsch, M;
3883:21 February
3866:St Paul, MN
3578:11 December
3266:: 403–419.
3134:Arabidopsis
2871:(1): 4–17.
2837:3 September
2644:Pseudomonas
2611:. BBC News.
2384:Pseudomonas
2213:Pseudomonas
2182:P. syringae
2167:P. syringae
1966:P. syringae
1943:A. thaliana
1838:A. thaliana
1826:A. thaliana
1824:DC3000 and
1822:P. syringae
1803:Arabidopsis
1795:P. syringae
1791:A. thaliana
1779:A. thaliana
1767:transformed
1763:A. thaliana
1751:P. syringae
1749:(R-genes).
1739:Arabidopsis
1731:P. syringae
1720:susceptible
1716:A. thaliana
1712:A. thaliana
1704:P. syringae
1692:P. syringae
1687:A. thaliana
1674:P. syringae
1651:P. syringae
1646:P. syringae
1642:P. syringae
1634:P. syringae
1614:P. syringae
1606:P. syringae
1595:P. syringae
1514:P. syringae
1492:P. syringae
1292:Glycine max
1243:atrofaciens
1106:'P. tomato'
1100:P. amygdali
1095:P. syringae
1060:P. syringae
1012:P. syringae
1004:P. syringae
1000:P. syringae
980:P. syringae
958:P. syringae
935:P. syringae
931:supercooled
872:P. syringae
831:phytotoxins
825:Phytotoxins
804:Glycine max
778:P. syringae
747:P. syringae
739:oviposition
721:P. syringae
719:Planktonic
705:P. syringae
693:P. syringae
677:P. syringae
665:P. syringae
630:P. syringae
626:P. syringae
622:Pseudomonas
610:P. syringae
602:P. syringae
598:P. syringae
545:P. syringae
525:P. syringae
517:P. syringae
471:P. syringae
454:siderophore
412:P. amygdali
400:P. syringae
396:Pseudomonas
383:P. syringae
374:Pseudomonas
345:with polar
250:atrofaciens
172:Type strain
128:Pseudomonas
5528:Categories
5185:actinidiae
5097:actinidiae
4643:: 473–98.
4585:infection"
3840:24 January
3795:2108/92348
3765:actinidiae
3726:actinidiae
3601:actinidiae
3146:: 90–102.
2969:: 155–77.
2404:(8): 289.
2226:References
2186:actinidiae
2171:actinidiae
2142:actinidiae
2124:Importance
1918:(see also
1561:olive knot
1522:savastanoi
1504:maculicola
1294:, causing
1209:, causing
1176:actinidiae
1089:Following
1075:planktonic
1044:resistance
974:Management
939:nucleation
835:coronatine
685:saprotroph
634:GC content
539:, and the
491:hailstones
223:Pathovars
184:CCUG 14279
179:ATCC 19310
5237:209542819
5211:0095-3628
5156:0066-4286
5076:221504442
5050:0066-4197
4495:0066-4286
4454:195259901
4438:0066-4227
4397:215757180
4381:0066-4286
4323:0066-4197
3629:2076-2607
3550:182543294
3528:: 28–37.
3455:0031-949X
3296:219621432
3280:2327-056X
3221:1464-6722
3160:0022-1910
2944:1212-2580
2887:0191-2917
2780:0032-0889
2398:Diversity
2083:flagellin
1820:genes in
1682:sequenced
1537:canker),
1465:Phaseolus
1392:nectarine
1263:dysoxylis
1182:kiwifruit
1130:P. tremae
1085:Pathovars
1071:carvacrol
960:known as
901:produces
876:autophagy
851:Elicitors
817:degrades
758:Effectors
457:pyoverdin
440:nutrient
416:P. cerasi
355:pathovars
343:bacterium
258:dysoxylis
197:ICMP 3023
188:CFBP 1392
135:Species:
5452:11223972
5339:Wikidata
5296:17971244
5229:31897570
5164:28613977
5068:32886545
5005:19381254
4943:24359686
4892:30861136
4818:15672817
4767:16848405
4759:12062102
4703:17051149
4657:23725467
4614:28535079
4503:26243727
4446:31226025
4389:32284014
4331:26436459
4230:12032338
4159:12928499
4092:21119014
4043:16990433
3984:19849780
3935:22414441
3812:11456671
3804:24810619
3734:. EPPO (
3703:10319466
3647:32498472
3542:31177028
3463:18942971
3288:32530794
3239:34414650
3178:26205072
3113:17519705
3028:10974129
2895:30781059
2798:16662618
2719:22672649
2668:22 March
2662:USDA ARS
2538:16347352
2494:syringae
2473:12744455
2445:syringae
2347:10939664
2312:30427303
2265:22 March
2257:. EPPO (
2249:persicae
2215:phage Φ6
2196:See also
2157:P. s. a.
2104:DC3000,
1972:DC3000 (
1941:gene in
1834:Avr gene
1700:virulent
1610:syringae
1548:oleander
1482:attacks
1468:species.
1450:attacks
1446:syringae
1390:attacks
1386:persicae
1376:species.
1366:papulans
1350:attacks
1308:japonica
1287:attacks
1283:glycinea
1180:attacks
1166:species.
1056:syringae
1019:ammonium
988:Bordeaux
880:elicitor
819:daidzein
725:flagella
653:gummosis
649:necrosis
616:Genomics
450:in vitro
379:16S rRNA
347:flagella
317:syringae
298:persicae
290:papulans
266:japonica
207:B.01398
201:LMG 1247
113:Family:
83:Phylum:
77:Bacteria
73:Domain:
5426:3223236
5400:6374832
5369:BacDive
5345:Q311202
5287:2222644
5270:: 397.
5220:7223186
5059:9488914
4996:2663052
4934:4053735
4711:4419198
4683:Bibcode
4566:2006172
4534:Bibcode
4279:8589423
4198:Bibcode
4186:DC3000"
4127:Bibcode
4115:DC3000"
4083:3008171
4034:1595455
4011:Bibcode
3975:6640528
3742:13 July
3638:7356356
3378:4371331
3230:8518561
3169:4721946
2789:1065830
2710:6638704
2591:4371331
2508:Bibcode
2178:Italian
2153:mutants
2014:(PAMPs)
1907:AvrPphB
1894:AvrRps6
1882:AvrRps4
1870:AvrRpt2
1858:AvrRpm1
1840:R-gene
1714:- thus
1698:DC3000
1550:), and
1530:fraxini
1453:Syringa
1412:causes
1353:Panicum
1289:soybean
1199:aesculi
1081:forms.
1079:biofilm
780:is the
769:called
687:in the
661:stomata
624:genus,
571:History
438:sucrose
430:oxidase
349:. As a
217:B-1631
194:106698
123:Genus:
103:Order:
93:Class:
5498:NZOR:
5465:965302
5439:337405
5413:PSDMSX
5307:at Bac
5294:
5284:
5235:
5227:
5217:
5209:
5162:
5154:
5074:
5066:
5056:
5048:
5003:
4993:
4967:tomato
4941:
4931:
4890:
4843:
4816:
4788:tomato
4765:
4757:
4709:
4701:
4675:Nature
4655:
4633:Tomato
4612:
4564:
4554:
4501:
4493:
4452:
4444:
4436:
4395:
4387:
4379:
4329:
4321:
4277:
4228:
4221:124312
4218:
4184:tomato
4157:
4150:193536
4147:
4113:tomato
4090:
4080:
4041:
4031:
3982:
3972:
3933:
3810:
3802:
3701:
3645:
3635:
3627:
3548:
3540:
3499:
3461:
3453:
3406:
3376:
3369:186742
3366:
3321:
3294:
3286:
3278:
3237:
3227:
3219:
3176:
3166:
3158:
3111:
3026:
3016:
2942:
2916:tomato
2893:
2885:
2796:
2786:
2778:
2717:
2707:
2660:&
2656:&
2589:
2582:186742
2579:
2536:
2529:203788
2526:
2471:
2447:B301D"
2435:, and
2345:
2310:
2116:DC3000
2108:DC3000
2098:CRISPR
2065:DC3000
2042:DC3000
2010:(PRRs)
1970:tomato
1958:tomato
1923:§ RPS5
1799:tomato
1755:tomato
1735:tomato
1708:tomato
1696:tomato
1678:tomato
1663:tomato
1640:. The
1599:tomato
1502:, and
1496:tomato
1484:tomato
1478:tomato
1462:, and
1459:Prunus
1346:panici
1223:aptata
1156:aceris
1139:, and
994:, and
864:, the
861:PsINF1
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810:GmHID1
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