776:
119:
1013:
1004:
995:
438:
2948:
142:
304:
2999:
1088:. Long erect macrosetae are almost never found on the dorsal face of the propodeum, with one known exception. However, species with an elongated mesosoma or short propodeal macrosetae do possess six mandibular teeth, erect macrosetae on the scapes and legs, and paired erect macrosetae on the pronotum and mesonotum which support their placement within
1102:, where the macrosetae are limited to a single, distinct pair. Given the differences in the patterns of these macrosetae among these genera, and when considering additional characters as outlined above, LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck 2011 (2011) interpreted the presence of macrosetae on the propodeum within
1196:
genus-group genera because considerable variation occurs in the genitalic structures at the species level for all genera, and features such as mandibular dentition are not useful since dentition is always reduced in males from that observed in workers and queens (usually to one or two teeth). The
794:
is a large, ecologically important ant genus with a nearly cosmopolitan distribution. The ants are found in all geographic regions (with the exception of high-latitude areas), but is notably absent from Europe. Species inhabit a wide array of habitats from
1133:
queens have erect macrosetae on their scapes. However, the macrosetae are often not as distinct as in workers because the macrosetae are often shorter and usually surrounded by a thick layer of decumbent pubescence. When considering genera such as
908:(living or foraging primarily above ground) generalist species that form large, polydomous nests. Frequent nest movements are known for some species, especially those that nest in leaf litter and rotting wood. For example,
903:
They are efficient and rapid foragers and often find resources (e.g. baits) first to which they can recruit rapidly, but rarely can defend a resource against other ants that arrive later to baits. Most are conspicuous,
1092:
based on the definition of the genus proposed above. Additionally, when macrosetae are present on the propodeum, they show a pattern generally similar to that found on the pronotum and mesonotum of
775:
843:
are commonly encountered in the tropics and subtropics and have spread across large areas. Infestations can involve smaller areas, although population sizes can be very large, as with
1078:
workers is compact and robust in that the mesosomal regions are generally short (as measured against the long axis of the body) and relatively high when compared to a species such as
3142:
922:
also inhabit ephemeral locations in the leaf litter or soil of hardwood forests. A few more morphologically specialized species exist, such as the sand-dwelling
3155:
2713:
Brown, W. L. Jr. (1973). "A comparison of the Hylean and Congo-West
African rain forest ant faunas". In Meggers, B. J.; Ayensu, E. S.; Duckworth, W. D. (eds.).
944:, and several undescribed species from Australia. At least three currently undescribed workerless social parasites are known from the eastern United States.
2934:
Ward, P.S. (2000). "Broad-scale patterns of diversity in leaf-litter ant communities.". In Agosti, D.; Majer, J.D.; Alonso, L.A.; Schultz, T.R. (eds.).
3116:
865:
in a sudden, explosive outbreak. Several other species in the genus have also been reported as introduced outside their native range, including
1044:
Workers are generally monomorphic, although some species are variable in size, with a possible example of worker polymorphism observed in
335:. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions.
1036:
ants are small to medium-sized (generally between 1 and 4 mm in total length) and range in color from pale yellow to black.
912:
can nest opportunistically in temporary sites that are habitable for only a few days or weeks. The small (125–150 individuals)
951:
species produce reproductives during the summer, which overwinter in the nest to then emerge early the following spring;
1205:
genus-group genera since they possess macrosetae similar to those found in workers and queens, but at reduced numbers.
3077:
3064:
1055:
118:
807:
species are among the most abundant ant species in many places where they occur. For example, Ward (2000) found that
2863:
LaPolla, J. S.; Kallal, R. J.; Brady, S. G. (2012). "A new ant genus from the
Greater Antilles and Central America,
141:
3160:
1012:
1003:
994:
862:
1176:, if erect macrosetae are present on the scapes, the more posterior placement of the eyes distinguishes them from
1362:
339:, currently containing over 110 species, is an ecologically important genus, with some species reported as being
1792:
1096:, with the macrosetae being numerous and of varying lengths. This is in contrast to related genera, for example
2123:
1722:
1080:
1932:
1922:
1622:
1146:
in which queens also possess macrosetae on the scapes, differences in mandibular tooth count will distinguish
885:
2193:
1392:
1342:
387:
was finally revived from synonymy and restored at the rank of genus by LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck (2010).
2354:
2334:
2153:
2053:
1542:
1482:
1442:
1074:
for the genus, and will effectively separate this genus from other genera. Overall, the body shape for most
918:
867:
437:
399:
2273:
2213:
2183:
2173:
2143:
2103:
1872:
1742:
1632:
1462:
1382:
1302:
833:
3017:
2314:
2233:
2223:
2073:
1982:
1972:
1752:
1692:
1652:
1432:
1332:
1312:
930:
924:
372:
3082:
3003:
2324:
2133:
1892:
1882:
1832:
1802:
1782:
1732:
1712:
1682:
1662:
1602:
1582:
1562:
1552:
1472:
1452:
1282:
1046:
891:
873:
308:
257:
127:
3178:
2826:
2364:
2344:
2263:
2253:
2243:
2113:
2093:
2083:
2063:
1962:
1952:
1912:
1902:
1842:
1822:
1672:
1642:
1612:
1592:
1512:
1492:
1422:
1412:
1402:
1372:
1352:
936:
2304:
2163:
2033:
1772:
1762:
1702:
1532:
1502:
422:
3196:
2947:
2043:
2002:
1992:
1942:
1862:
1852:
1812:
1322:
973:
species, but how widespread this condition is within the genus remains unclear. At least one species,
3170:
3103:
2963:(Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the World: An introduction to the systematics and biology of the genus."
2876:
2835:
2293:
2283:
1522:
1292:
1107:
1084:. There are, however, several species where the mesosoma is more elongated, superficially resembling
1067:
839:
3224:
3219:
2374:
1241:
have reduced labial and maxillary palp numbers from the more typical six maxillary and four labial
1213:
males, like workers and queens of these genera, never have macrosetae on their scapes. In general,
563:
genus-group based on LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck (2010) and LaPolla, Kallal & Brady (2012):
2892:
2851:
2808:
2203:
2023:
1263:
1054:
workers can generally be easily distinguished from other formicines based on the presence of six
780:
408:
283:
136:
3183:
406:
as a valid genus. The genus currently comprises over 108 extant species and two fossil species:
3147:
2012:
1023:
845:
379:
to genus, where it remained until Brown (1973) provisionally placed it as a junior synonym of
2867:(Hymenoptera: Formicidae), exemplifies the utility of male and molecular character systems".
1271:
is based on the extremely short scapes (not much longer than the head) that lack macrosetae.
2979:
2884:
2843:
2800:
2743:
1572:
1168:
1098:
879:
612:
340:
303:
3055:
803:, although they reach their highest species diversity in forested and warmer environments.
431:
2958:
2880:
2839:
1071:
3213:
2888:
2847:
485:
365:(1906), a status he revised a couple of years later when he placed it as subgenus of
343:. The ants are small to medium in size and range in color from pale yellow to black.
75:
2896:
2855:
2812:
2820:
LaPolla, J.S.; Brady, S.G.; Shattuck, S.O. (2010b). "Phylogeny and taxonomy of the
2429:
1142:
1136:
1058:
teeth, erect macrosetae on the scapes and legs, and paired erect macrosetae on the
710:
693:
669:
534:
514:
499:
471:
454:
417:
367:
269:
249:
3069:
3040:
2723:
17:
3129:
3049:
2804:
941:
816:
362:
240:
193:
50:
2952:
1129:
genus-group genera come primarily from the mandibles and scapes. Like workers,
2983:
957:
913:
800:
509:
402:
studies and reassessment of morphological characters prompted resurrection of
357:
332:
213:
95:
60:
2715:
Tropical forest ecosystems in Africa and South
America: a comparative review
1122:
1063:
850:
556:
329:
173:
153:
100:
44:
2748:
1261:
species the males are unknown. Separation of the widespread North
American
2998:
2653:
2651:
3090:
3034:
2535:
2533:
2460:
2458:
1218:
1059:
978:
352:
90:
85:
70:
65:
55:
3095:
2692:
2690:
2602:
2600:
2587:
2585:
2583:
934:
from the southeastern United States, several small-eyed species such as
3121:
2970:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2548:
905:
595:
427:
223:
105:
80:
3134:
2757:
Emery, C (1925). "Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Formicinae".
977:, is somewhat unusual among ants in having populations that are both
955:
species are typically among the first ant reproductives to fly after
796:
413:
183:
163:
3011:
2717:. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. pp. 161–185.
2938:. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. pp. 99–121.
2433:
3191:
2770:
Ichinose, K. (1986). "Occurrence of
Polydomy in a Monogynous Ant,
1242:
961:. However, little is known about the reproductive biology of many
858:
774:
436:
321:
302:
2402:
had not yet been formally described and was listed as
Caribbean "
3108:
2936:
Ants: Standard
Methods for Measuring and Monitoring Biodiversity
1221:, but similar-shaped parameres are also seen in some species of
966:
461:
and related genera, LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck (2011) placed
3015:
2921:
Wheeler, W. M. (1936). "Ants from
Hispaniola and Mona Island".
1162:
possesses six (or rarely seven) teeth. In other genera such as
2957:
LaPolla, John S.; Brady, Seán G.; Shattuck, Steven O. (2011),
325:
203:
2908:(Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the continental United States".
1172:, the queens have no erect macrosetae on their scapes. For
965:
species, especially those inhabiting the tropics. Cases of
2787:
LaPolla, J. S.; Dlussky, G. M. (2010a). "Review of fossil
831:
species have been reported as being tramps. For example,
815:) was the fifth-most frequently encountered ant genus in
383:, a status which was later confirmed by Trager (1984).
2793:
2618:
2539:
2464:
1257:
is unclear, largely because for the vast majority of
1110:
from those observed in other closely related genera.
2696:
2681:
2657:
2642:
2591:
2562:
3024:
2728:Nyl. et sur la classification des espèces du genre
517:and segregated into three distinct, robust clades:
2606:
541:was found to be a clade containing three genera: (
2953:Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License
981:(single queen) and polygynous (multiple queens).
2824:genus-group of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)".
2791:genus-group species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)".
1192:can be more difficult to distinguish from other
2951:This article incorporates text published under
2736:Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique
2574:
2904:Trager, J. C (1984). "A revision of the genus
2923:Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology
8:
3012:
117:
31:
2747:
2398:In LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck (2011),
2669:
2424:
2422:
1197:scapes can be useful in separating male
2500:
2418:
2391:
2524:
1118:The main features used to distinguish
779:Reported distribution of the invasive
2512:
2488:
2476:
444:fossil from Baltic amber, mid Eocene.
7:
3197:773B4C70-FFF9-C138-FF56-FF34FA1DF9CA
3171:0e15e928-a716-4de3-b9b7-cabc9ff24d09
2630:
2619:LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck 2010b
2540:LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck 2010b
2465:LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck 2010b
685:
661:
637:
587:
580:
573:
566:
351:The genus was first described as a
2697:LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck 2011
2682:LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck 2011
2658:LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck 2011
2643:LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck 2011
2592:LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck 2011
2563:LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck 2011
2278:LaPolla, Hawkes & Fisher, 2011
2268:LaPolla, Hawkes & Fisher, 2011
2118:LaPolla, Hawkes & Fisher, 2011
2078:LaPolla, Hawkes & Fisher, 2011
1787:LaPolla, Hawkes & Fisher, 2011
1687:LaPolla, Hawkes & Fisher, 2011
1377:LaPolla, Hawkes & Fisher, 2011
1150:queens. Five teeth are present in
25:
394:species were placed in the genus
2997:
2946:
2889:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00605.x
2848:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2009.00492.x
2607:LaPolla, Kallal & Brady 2012
1011:
1002:
993:
140:
819:samples from around the world.
2248:(Wheeler & Bequaert, 1929)
1:
1253:the separation of males from
849:(Caribbean crazy ant) in the
2774:(Hymenoptera, Formicidae)".
1154:queens and five or fewer in
861:and several other states in
276:
2805:10.4289/0013-8797-112.2.258
2575:LaPolla & Dlussky 2010a
2309:LaPolla & Dlussky, 2010
1363:Nylanderia birmana hodgsoni
3241:
2258:Kallal & LaPolla, 2012
2038:Kallal & LaPolla, 2012
1807:Kallal & LaPolla, 2012
1793:Nylanderia madagascarensis
863:Southeastern United States
2984:10.11646/zootaxa.3110.1.1
2124:Nylanderia simpliciuscula
1723:Nylanderia jaegerskioeldi
1637:(Zhang & Zheng, 2002)
1217:males have subtriangular
947:In temperate areas, most
707:
690:
683:
666:
659:
642:
635:
609:
592:
585:
578:
571:
289:
282:
275:
268:
255:
248:
137:Scientific classification
135:
125:
116:
34:
1937:(Zhou & Zheng, 1998)
1933:Nylanderia opisopthalmia
1923:Nylanderia ogasawarensis
1623:Nylanderia guatemalensis
1249:genus-group genera. For
1086:Paratrechina longicornis
1081:Paratrechina longicornis
1070:features are considered
1021:Worker, queen and male (
469:-genus group containing
2194:Nylanderia tasmaniensis
1393:Nylanderia brasiliensis
1343:Nylanderia austroccidua
2749:10.5962/bhl.part.19942
2355:Nylanderia yaeyamensis
2335:Nylanderia waelbroecki
2154:Nylanderia staudingeri
2054:Nylanderia ryukyuensis
1543:Nylanderia faisonensis
1483:Nylanderia darlingtoni
1443:Nylanderia clandestina
969:have been noted among
788:
787:) in the United States
465:within a well-defined
445:
312:
111:Middle Eocene – Recent
3179:Paleobiology Database
2869:Systematic Entomology
2827:Systematic Entomology
2772:Paratrechina flavipes
2274:Nylanderia usambarica
2214:Nylanderia teranishii
2184:Nylanderia stigmatica
2174:Nylanderia steinheili
2144:Nylanderia smythiesii
2104:Nylanderia silvestrii
1873:Nylanderia natalensis
1743:Nylanderia kraepelini
1633:Nylanderia gulinensis
1463:Nylanderia comorensis
1383:Nylanderia bourbonica
1303:Nylanderia anthracina
778:
440:
306:
3008:at Wikimedia Commons
2315:Nylanderia vitiensis
2298:(Motschoulsky, 1863)
2294:Nylanderia vagabunda
2234:Nylanderia tjibodana
2224:Nylanderia terricola
2074:Nylanderia scintilla
1983:Nylanderia phantasma
1973:Nylanderia perminuta
1753:Nylanderia laevigata
1693:Nylanderia incallida
1653:Nylanderia hubrechti
1433:Nylanderia caeciliae
1333:Nylanderia assimilis
1313:Nylanderia arenivaga
1108:arisen independently
857:species has invaded
453:After examining the
400:molecular phylogenic
2881:2012SysEn..37..200L
2840:2010SysEn..35..118L
2726:Prenolepis vividula
2375:Nylanderia yerburyi
2325:Nylanderia vividula
2134:Nylanderia sindbadi
1907:(Donisthorpe, 1941)
1893:Nylanderia nubatama
1883:Nylanderia nodifera
1833:Nylanderia mexicana
1817:(Donisthorpe, 1941)
1803:Nylanderia magnella
1783:Nylanderia luteafra
1733:Nylanderia johannae
1713:Nylanderia integera
1683:Nylanderia impolita
1663:Nylanderia humbloti
1603:Nylanderia gracilis
1583:Nylanderia glabrior
1563:Nylanderia formosae
1553:Nylanderia flavipes
1527:(Donisthorpe, 1946)
1473:Nylanderia concinna
1453:Nylanderia colchica
1283:Nylanderia amblyops
2722:Emery, C. (1906).
2365:Nylanderia yambaru
2345:Nylanderia wojciki
2264:Nylanderia umbella
2254:Nylanderia trageri
2244:Nylanderia tococae
2204:Nylanderia taylori
2114:Nylanderia silvula
2094:Nylanderia sikorae
2084:Nylanderia sharpii
2064:Nylanderia sakurae
2024:Nylanderia pygmaea
1963:Nylanderia pearsei
1953:Nylanderia parvula
1913:Nylanderia obscura
1903:Nylanderia nuggeti
1843:Nylanderia microps
1823:Nylanderia mendica
1673:Nylanderia hystrix
1643:Nylanderia helleri
1613:Nylanderia guanyin
1593:Nylanderia goeldii
1513:Nylanderia docilis
1493:Nylanderia dichroa
1423:Nylanderia burgesi
1413:Nylanderia bruesii
1403:Nylanderia braueri
1373:Nylanderia boltoni
1353:Nylanderia birmana
1264:Prenolepis imparis
1245:observed in other
883:(Rasberry crazy),
789:
781:Rasberry crazy ant
503:. They found that
446:
442:Nylanderia pygmaea
313:
3207:
3206:
3018:Taxon identifiers
3002:Media related to
2759:Genera Insectorum
2380:
2370:
2360:
2350:
2340:
2330:
2320:
2310:
2305:Nylanderia vetula
2299:
2289:
2279:
2269:
2259:
2249:
2239:
2238:(Karavaiev, 1929)
2229:
2219:
2209:
2199:
2189:
2179:
2169:
2164:Nylanderia steeli
2159:
2149:
2139:
2129:
2119:
2109:
2099:
2089:
2079:
2069:
2059:
2049:
2039:
2034:Nylanderia querna
2029:
2018:
2013:Nylanderia pubens
2008:
1998:
1988:
1978:
1968:
1958:
1948:
1938:
1928:
1918:
1908:
1898:
1888:
1878:
1868:
1858:
1848:
1838:
1828:
1818:
1808:
1798:
1788:
1778:
1773:Nylanderia lietzi
1768:
1763:Nylanderia lepida
1758:
1748:
1738:
1728:
1718:
1708:
1703:Nylanderia indica
1698:
1688:
1678:
1668:
1658:
1648:
1647:(Viehmeyer, 1914)
1638:
1628:
1618:
1608:
1598:
1588:
1578:
1568:
1558:
1548:
1538:
1533:Nylanderia dugasi
1528:
1518:
1508:
1503:Nylanderia dispar
1498:
1488:
1478:
1468:
1458:
1448:
1438:
1428:
1418:
1408:
1398:
1388:
1378:
1368:
1358:
1348:
1338:
1328:
1318:
1308:
1298:
1288:
1050:from Madagascar.
1024:Nylanderia pubens
767:
766:
758:
757:
749:
748:
740:
739:
731:
730:
722:
721:
624:
623:
457:relationships of
390:Until 2010, most
301:
300:
296:
244:
18:Pseudolasius dodo
16:(Redirected from
3232:
3200:
3199:
3187:
3186:
3174:
3173:
3164:
3163:
3151:
3150:
3138:
3137:
3125:
3124:
3112:
3111:
3099:
3098:
3086:
3085:
3073:
3072:
3060:
3059:
3058:
3045:
3044:
3043:
3013:
3001:
2986:
2967:
2950:
2939:
2930:
2917:
2900:
2859:
2816:
2783:
2766:
2753:
2751:
2718:
2700:
2694:
2685:
2679:
2673:
2667:
2661:
2655:
2646:
2640:
2634:
2628:
2622:
2616:
2610:
2604:
2595:
2589:
2578:
2572:
2566:
2560:
2543:
2537:
2528:
2522:
2516:
2510:
2504:
2498:
2492:
2486:
2480:
2474:
2468:
2462:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2426:
2407:
2396:
2378:
2369:(Terayama, 1999)
2368:
2359:(Terayama, 1999)
2358:
2348:
2338:
2329:(Nylander, 1846)
2328:
2318:
2308:
2297:
2287:
2277:
2267:
2257:
2247:
2237:
2227:
2218:(Santschi, 1937)
2217:
2207:
2197:
2187:
2177:
2167:
2157:
2147:
2138:(Pisarski, 1960)
2137:
2127:
2117:
2107:
2097:
2087:
2077:
2067:
2058:(Terayama, 1999)
2057:
2047:
2044:Nylanderia rosae
2037:
2027:
2016:
2007:(Santschi, 1928)
2006:
2003:Nylanderia pieli
1996:
1993:Nylanderia picta
1986:
1976:
1966:
1956:
1947:(Terayama, 1999)
1946:
1943:Nylanderia otome
1936:
1927:(Terayama, 1999)
1926:
1916:
1906:
1897:(Terayama, 1999)
1896:
1886:
1876:
1866:
1863:Nylanderia myops
1856:
1853:Nylanderia mixta
1846:
1836:
1826:
1816:
1813:Nylanderia manni
1806:
1796:
1786:
1776:
1767:(Santschi, 1915)
1766:
1756:
1746:
1736:
1726:
1716:
1706:
1697:(Santschi, 1915)
1696:
1686:
1676:
1666:
1656:
1646:
1636:
1626:
1617:(Terayama, 2009)
1616:
1606:
1596:
1586:
1576:
1573:Nylanderia fulva
1566:
1556:
1546:
1536:
1526:
1516:
1506:
1496:
1486:
1476:
1466:
1457:(Pisarski, 1960)
1456:
1446:
1436:
1426:
1416:
1406:
1396:
1386:
1376:
1366:
1356:
1346:
1336:
1326:
1323:Nylanderia aseta
1316:
1306:
1296:
1286:
1211:Paraparatrechina
1169:Paraparatrechina
1099:Paraparatrechina
1015:
1006:
997:
886:N. guatemalensis
785:Nylanderia fulva
686:
662:
638:
613:Paraparatrechina
588:
581:
574:
567:
527:Paraparatrechina
491:Paraparatrechina
294:
258:Formica vividula
239:
145:
144:
121:
110:
47:
40:Temporal range:
32:
21:
3240:
3239:
3235:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3230:
3229:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3203:
3195:
3190:
3182:
3177:
3169:
3167:
3159:
3154:
3146:
3141:
3133:
3128:
3120:
3115:
3107:
3102:
3094:
3089:
3081:
3076:
3068:
3063:
3054:
3053:
3048:
3039:
3038:
3033:
3020:
2994:
2989:
2965:
2956:
2942:
2933:
2920:
2903:
2862:
2819:
2786:
2769:
2756:
2721:
2712:
2708:
2703:
2695:
2688:
2680:
2676:
2668:
2664:
2656:
2649:
2641:
2637:
2629:
2625:
2617:
2613:
2605:
2598:
2590:
2581:
2573:
2569:
2561:
2546:
2538:
2531:
2523:
2519:
2511:
2507:
2499:
2495:
2487:
2483:
2475:
2471:
2463:
2456:
2446:
2444:
2428:
2427:
2420:
2416:
2411:
2410:
2397:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2284:Nylanderia vaga
2228:(Buckley, 1866)
1997:(Wheeler, 1927)
1977:(Buckley, 1866)
1827:(Menozzi, 1942)
1523:Nylanderia dodo
1417:(Wheeler, 1903)
1317:(Wheeler, 1905)
1293:Nylanderia amia
1277:
1186:
1116:
1042:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1008:
1007:
999:
998:
987:
901:
825:
773:
768:
759:
750:
741:
732:
723:
625:
451:
432:Dominican amber
371:(Emery, 1925).
349:
264:
261:
238:
139:
112:
109:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
42:
41:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3238:
3236:
3228:
3227:
3222:
3212:
3211:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3201:
3188:
3175:
3165:
3152:
3139:
3126:
3113:
3100:
3087:
3074:
3061:
3046:
3030:
3028:
3022:
3021:
3016:
3010:
3009:
2993:
2992:External links
2990:
2988:
2987:
2959:"Monograph of
2943:
2941:
2940:
2931:
2918:
2901:
2860:
2817:
2799:(2): 258–273.
2784:
2767:
2754:
2719:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2701:
2686:
2684:, pp. 6–8
2674:
2662:
2660:, pp. 1–2
2647:
2635:
2623:
2611:
2596:
2579:
2567:
2544:
2529:
2517:
2505:
2493:
2481:
2469:
2454:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2371:
2361:
2351:
2349:(Trager, 1984)
2341:
2331:
2321:
2311:
2300:
2290:
2280:
2270:
2260:
2250:
2240:
2230:
2220:
2210:
2200:
2190:
2180:
2170:
2160:
2150:
2140:
2130:
2120:
2110:
2100:
2090:
2080:
2070:
2060:
2050:
2040:
2030:
2019:
2009:
1999:
1989:
1987:(Trager, 1984)
1979:
1969:
1959:
1949:
1939:
1929:
1919:
1909:
1899:
1889:
1879:
1869:
1859:
1849:
1839:
1829:
1819:
1809:
1799:
1789:
1779:
1769:
1759:
1757:(MacKay, 1998)
1749:
1739:
1729:
1719:
1709:
1699:
1689:
1679:
1677:(Trager, 1984)
1669:
1659:
1649:
1639:
1629:
1619:
1609:
1599:
1589:
1579:
1569:
1559:
1549:
1539:
1529:
1519:
1509:
1499:
1489:
1479:
1477:(Trager, 1984)
1469:
1459:
1449:
1439:
1429:
1427:(Trager, 1984)
1419:
1409:
1399:
1389:
1379:
1369:
1359:
1349:
1347:(Trager, 1984)
1339:
1337:(Jerdon, 1851)
1329:
1319:
1309:
1299:
1289:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1185:
1182:
1115:
1112:
1072:synapomorphies
1041:
1038:
1020:
1019:
1010:
1009:
1001:
1000:
992:
991:
990:
989:
988:
986:
983:
919:N. faisonensis
900:
897:
868:N. clandestina
824:
821:
772:
769:
765:
764:
761:
760:
756:
755:
752:
751:
747:
746:
743:
742:
738:
737:
734:
733:
729:
728:
725:
724:
720:
719:
716:
715:
706:
703:
702:
699:
698:
689:
684:
682:
679:
678:
675:
674:
665:
660:
658:
655:
654:
651:
650:
641:
636:
634:
631:
630:
627:
626:
622:
621:
618:
617:
608:
605:
604:
601:
600:
591:
586:
584:
579:
577:
572:
570:
565:
450:
447:
375:(1936) raised
348:
345:
299:
298:
287:
286:
280:
279:
273:
272:
266:
265:
263:Nylander, 1846
262:
253:
252:
246:
245:
231:
227:
226:
221:
217:
216:
211:
207:
206:
201:
197:
196:
191:
187:
186:
181:
177:
176:
171:
167:
166:
161:
157:
156:
151:
147:
146:
133:
132:
123:
122:
114:
113:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
48:
39:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3237:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3198:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3166:
3162:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3066:
3062:
3057:
3051:
3047:
3042:
3036:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3014:
3007:
3006:
3000:
2996:
2995:
2991:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2972:
2964:
2962:
2954:
2949:
2945:
2944:
2937:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2785:
2782:(2): 208–217.
2781:
2777:
2773:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2731:
2727:
2720:
2716:
2711:
2710:
2705:
2698:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2678:
2675:
2672:, p. 208
2671:
2670:Ichinose 1986
2666:
2663:
2659:
2654:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2639:
2636:
2633:, p. 208
2632:
2627:
2624:
2621:, p. 127
2620:
2615:
2612:
2609:, p. 204
2608:
2603:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2580:
2577:, p. 258
2576:
2571:
2568:
2564:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2545:
2542:, p. 121
2541:
2536:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2521:
2518:
2515:, p. 193
2514:
2509:
2506:
2503:, p. 210
2502:
2497:
2494:
2491:, p. 217
2490:
2485:
2482:
2479:, p. 133
2478:
2473:
2470:
2467:, p. 126
2466:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2443:
2439:
2437:
2431:
2425:
2423:
2419:
2413:
2405:
2401:
2395:
2392:
2385:
2379:(Forel, 1894)
2377:
2376:
2372:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2339:(Emery, 1899)
2337:
2336:
2332:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2317:
2316:
2312:
2307:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2295:
2291:
2288:(Forel, 1901)
2286:
2285:
2281:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2266:
2265:
2261:
2256:
2255:
2251:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2226:
2225:
2221:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2208:(Forel, 1894)
2206:
2205:
2201:
2198:(Forel, 1913)
2196:
2195:
2191:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2178:(Forel, 1893)
2176:
2175:
2171:
2168:(Forel, 1910)
2166:
2165:
2161:
2158:(Forel, 1912)
2156:
2155:
2151:
2148:(Forel, 1894)
2146:
2145:
2141:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2128:(Emery, 1896)
2126:
2125:
2121:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2108:(Emery, 1906)
2106:
2105:
2101:
2098:(Forel, 1892)
2096:
2095:
2091:
2088:(Forel, 1899)
2086:
2085:
2081:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2048:(Forel, 1902)
2046:
2045:
2041:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2026:
2025:
2020:
2017:(Forel, 1893)
2015:
2014:
2010:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1967:Wheeler, 1938
1965:
1964:
1960:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1935:
1934:
1930:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1895:
1894:
1890:
1885:
1884:
1880:
1877:(Forel, 1915)
1875:
1874:
1870:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1857:(Forel, 1897)
1855:
1854:
1850:
1847:(Smith, 1937)
1845:
1844:
1840:
1837:(Forel, 1899)
1835:
1834:
1830:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1805:
1804:
1800:
1797:(Forel, 1886)
1795:
1794:
1790:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1777:(Forel, 1908)
1775:
1774:
1770:
1765:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1754:
1750:
1747:(Forel, 1905)
1745:
1744:
1740:
1737:(Forel, 1912)
1735:
1734:
1730:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1707:(Forel, 1894)
1705:
1704:
1700:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1685:
1684:
1680:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1667:(Forel, 1891)
1665:
1664:
1660:
1657:(Emery, 1922)
1655:
1654:
1650:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1627:(Forel, 1885)
1625:
1624:
1620:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1607:(Forel, 1892)
1605:
1604:
1600:
1597:(Forel, 1912)
1595:
1594:
1590:
1587:(Forel, 1902)
1585:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1567:(Forel, 1912)
1565:
1564:
1560:
1557:(Smith, 1874)
1555:
1554:
1550:
1547:(Forel, 1922)
1545:
1544:
1540:
1537:(Forel, 1911)
1535:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1517:(Forel, 1908)
1515:
1514:
1510:
1507:(Forel, 1909)
1505:
1504:
1500:
1497:Wheeler, 1934
1495:
1494:
1490:
1487:Wheeler, 1936
1485:
1484:
1480:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1467:(Forel, 1907)
1465:
1464:
1460:
1455:
1454:
1450:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1437:(Forel, 1899)
1435:
1434:
1430:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1395:
1394:
1390:
1387:(Forel, 1886)
1385:
1384:
1380:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1367:(Forel, 1902)
1365:
1364:
1360:
1357:(Forel, 1902)
1355:
1354:
1350:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1327:(Forel, 1902)
1325:
1324:
1320:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1307:(Roger, 1863)
1305:
1304:
1300:
1297:(Forel, 1913)
1295:
1294:
1290:
1287:(Forel, 1892)
1285:
1284:
1280:
1279:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1265:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1195:
1191:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1144:
1139:
1138:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1121:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1100:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1068:morphological
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1048:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1026:
1025:
1014:
1005:
996:
984:
982:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
959:
954:
950:
945:
943:
939:
938:
933:
932:
927:
926:
921:
920:
915:
911:
910:N. bourbonica
907:
898:
896:
894:
893:
888:
887:
882:
881:
876:
875:
870:
869:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
847:
842:
841:
836:
835:
834:N. bourbonica
830:
822:
820:
818:
814:
811:(recorded as
810:
806:
802:
798:
793:
786:
782:
777:
770:
763:
762:
754:
753:
745:
744:
736:
735:
727:
726:
718:
717:
714:
713:
712:
705:
704:
701:
700:
697:
696:
695:
688:
687:
681:
680:
677:
676:
673:
672:
671:
664:
663:
657:
656:
653:
652:
649:
648:
647:
640:
639:
633:
632:
629:
628:
620:
619:
616:
615:
614:
607:
606:
603:
602:
599:
598:
597:
590:
589:
583:
582:
576:
575:
569:
568:
564:
562:
558:
554:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
523:sensu stricto
520:
516:
512:
511:
506:
502:
501:
496:
492:
488:
487:
486:sensu stricto
482:
478:
474:
473:
468:
464:
460:
456:
449:Phylogenetics
448:
443:
439:
435:
433:
429:
425:
424:
419:
415:
411:
410:
405:
401:
397:
393:
388:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
369:
364:
360:
359:
354:
346:
344:
342:
338:
334:
331:
327:
323:
319:
318:
311:
310:
305:
297:
293:
288:
285:
281:
278:
274:
271:
267:
260:
259:
254:
251:
247:
242:
237:
236:
232:
229:
228:
225:
222:
219:
218:
215:
212:
209:
208:
205:
202:
199:
198:
195:
192:
189:
188:
185:
182:
179:
178:
175:
172:
169:
168:
165:
162:
159:
158:
155:
152:
149:
148:
143:
138:
134:
130:
129:
124:
120:
115:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
46:
37:
33:
30:
27:Genus of ants
19:
3025:
3004:
2975:
2969:
2960:
2935:
2926:
2922:
2913:
2910:Sociobiology
2909:
2906:Paratrechina
2905:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2831:
2825:
2821:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2762:
2758:
2739:
2735:
2729:
2725:
2714:
2706:Bibliography
2677:
2665:
2638:
2626:
2614:
2570:
2527:, p. 51
2520:
2508:
2501:Wheeler 1936
2496:
2484:
2472:
2445:. Retrieved
2441:
2435:
2403:
2399:
2394:
2373:
2363:
2353:
2343:
2333:
2323:
2319:(Mann, 1921)
2313:
2303:
2292:
2282:
2272:
2262:
2252:
2242:
2232:
2222:
2212:
2202:
2192:
2188:(Mann, 1919)
2182:
2172:
2162:
2152:
2142:
2132:
2122:
2112:
2102:
2092:
2082:
2072:
2062:
2052:
2042:
2032:
2028:(Mayr, 1868)
2022:
2011:
2001:
1991:
1981:
1971:
1961:
1957:(Mayr, 1870)
1951:
1941:
1931:
1921:
1917:(Mayr, 1862)
1911:
1901:
1891:
1887:(Mayr, 1870)
1881:
1871:
1867:(Mann, 1920)
1861:
1851:
1841:
1831:
1821:
1811:
1801:
1791:
1781:
1771:
1761:
1751:
1741:
1731:
1727:(Mayr, 1904)
1721:
1717:(Zhou, 2001)
1711:
1701:
1691:
1681:
1671:
1661:
1651:
1641:
1631:
1621:
1611:
1601:
1591:
1581:
1577:(Mayr, 1862)
1571:
1561:
1551:
1541:
1531:
1521:
1511:
1501:
1491:
1481:
1471:
1461:
1451:
1447:(Mayr, 1870)
1441:
1431:
1421:
1411:
1407:(Mayr, 1868)
1401:
1397:(Mayr, 1862)
1391:
1381:
1371:
1361:
1351:
1341:
1331:
1321:
1311:
1301:
1291:
1281:
1268:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1239:Pseudolasius
1238:
1235:Euprenolepis
1234:
1231:Pseudolasius
1230:
1226:
1223:Euprenolepis
1222:
1214:
1210:
1207:Paratrechina
1206:
1202:
1198:
1193:
1189:
1187:
1177:
1173:
1167:
1164:Paratrechina
1163:
1159:
1156:Pseudolasius
1155:
1152:Euprenolepis
1151:
1147:
1143:Pseudolasius
1141:
1137:Euprenolepis
1135:
1130:
1126:
1119:
1117:
1103:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1079:
1075:
1051:
1045:
1043:
1033:
1032:
1022:
974:
970:
962:
956:
952:
948:
946:
935:
931:N. phantasma
929:
925:N. arenivaga
923:
917:
909:
902:
890:
884:
878:
872:
866:
854:
844:
838:
832:
828:
826:
813:Paratrechina
812:
808:
804:
791:
790:
784:
771:Distribution
711:Paratrechina
709:
708:
694:Euprenolepis
692:
691:
670:Pseudolasius
668:
667:
645:
644:
643:
611:
610:
594:
593:
560:
555:
551:Paratrechina
550:
547:Euprenolepis
546:
543:Pseudolasius
542:
538:
535:sister taxon
530:
526:
522:
519:Paratrechina
518:
515:polyphyletic
508:
505:Paratrechina
504:
500:Pseudolasius
498:
494:
490:
484:
481:Paratrechina
480:
476:
472:Euprenolepis
470:
466:
462:
458:
455:phylogenetic
452:
441:
421:
418:Baltic amber
407:
403:
396:Paratrechina
395:
391:
389:
384:
381:Paratrechina
380:
376:
368:Paratrechina
366:
356:
350:
336:
316:
315:
314:
307:
292:Andragnathus
291:
290:
256:
250:Type species
234:
233:
126:
35:
29:
3130:iNaturalist
3050:Wikispecies
2875:: 200–214.
2834:: 118–131.
2742:: 130–134.
2699:, p. 8
2645:, p. 3
2594:, p. 4
2565:, p. 1
2525:Trager 1984
2068:(Ito, 1914)
1125:from other
1047:N. amblyops
985:Description
975:N. flavipes
942:Puerto Rico
892:N. vividula
874:N. flavipes
817:leaf-litter
801:rainforests
320:is a large
309:N. flavipes
295:Emery, 1922
277:110 species
210:Subfamily:
194:Hymenoptera
128:N. vividula
3225:Ant genera
3220:Formicinae
3214:Categories
3070:Nylanderia
3056:Nylanderia
3026:Nylanderia
3005:Nylanderia
2961:Nylanderia
2929:: 195–211.
2822:Prenolepis
2789:Prenolepis
2730:Prenolepis
2724:"Note sur
2513:Brown 1973
2489:Emery 1925
2477:Emery 1906
2436:Nylanderia
2430:Bolton, B.
2414:References
2404:Prenolepis
1269:Nylanderia
1259:Prenolepis
1255:Nylanderia
1251:Prenolepis
1247:Prenolepis
1227:Prenolepis
1215:Nylanderia
1203:Prenolepis
1201:from some
1199:Nylanderia
1194:Prenolepis
1190:Nylanderia
1178:Nylanderia
1174:Prenolepis
1160:Nylanderia
1148:Nylanderia
1131:Nylanderia
1127:Prenolepis
1120:Nylanderia
1106:as having
1104:Nylanderia
1094:Nylanderia
1090:Nylanderia
1076:Nylanderia
1056:mandibular
1052:Nylanderia
1034:Nylanderia
979:monogynous
971:Nylanderia
963:Nylanderia
958:Prenolepis
953:Nylanderia
949:Nylanderia
937:N. microps
855:Nylanderia
829:Nylanderia
809:Nylanderia
805:Nylanderia
792:Nylanderia
646:Nylanderia
561:Prenolepis
539:Nylanderia
531:Nylanderia
510:sensu lato
495:Prenolepis
477:Nylanderia
467:Prenolepis
463:Nylanderia
459:Nylanderia
409:N. pygmaea
404:Nylanderia
392:Nylanderia
385:Nylanderia
377:Nylanderia
358:Prenolepis
337:Nylanderia
333:Formicinae
317:Nylanderia
235:Nylanderia
214:Formicinae
204:Formicidae
174:Arthropoda
43:42–0
36:Nylanderia
3041:Q10338326
2916:: 49–162.
2631:Ward 2000
1219:parameres
1188:Males of
1064:mesonotum
851:Caribbean
846:N. pubens
557:Cladogram
423:N. vetula
330:subfamily
270:Diversity
160:Kingdom:
154:Eukaryota
3091:BugGuide
3035:Wikidata
2897:84919642
2856:86659687
2813:86102815
2765:: 1–302.
2432:(2014).
1158:, while
1066:. These
1060:pronotum
967:polygyny
914:colonies
906:epigaeic
880:N. fulva
827:Several
823:As pests
353:subgenus
347:Taxonomy
341:invasive
284:Synonyms
200:Family:
170:Phylum:
164:Animalia
150:Domain:
3148:1366929
3122:4673740
3109:3816640
2978:: 1–9,
2971:Zootaxa
2877:Bibcode
2865:Zatania
2836:Bibcode
2400:Zatania
1275:Species
1233:. Both
1040:Workers
899:Biology
840:N. vaga
797:deserts
596:Zatania
559:of the
428:Miocene
373:Wheeler
328:in the
230:Genus:
224:Lasiini
220:Tribe:
190:Order:
184:Insecta
180:Class:
131:worker
3184:255997
3168:NZOR:
3161:710235
3096:369621
3083:294292
2895:
2854:
2811:
2776:Kontyû
2447:3 July
2442:AntCat
1229:, and
1123:queens
1114:Queens
889:, and
533:. The
529:, and
513:) was
497:, and
414:Eocene
398:, but
243:, 1906
3192:Plazi
3143:IRMNG
3135:69405
2966:(PDF)
2893:S2CID
2852:S2CID
2809:S2CID
2386:Notes
1267:from
1243:palps
1184:Males
940:from
859:Texas
426:from
412:from
363:Emery
322:genus
241:Emery
3156:NCBI
3117:GBIF
3078:BOLD
2976:3110
2449:2014
1237:and
1209:and
1166:and
1140:and
1062:and
928:and
853:. A
837:and
553:)).
430:age
420:and
416:age
326:ants
51:PreꞒ
3104:EoL
3065:AFD
2980:doi
2885:doi
2844:doi
2801:doi
2797:112
2763:183
2744:doi
916:of
799:to
545:+ (
537:to
525:),
489:),
361:by
355:of
324:of
3216::
3194::
3181::
3158::
3145::
3132::
3119::
3106::
3093::
3080::
3067::
3052::
3037::
2974:,
2968:,
2955::
2927:80
2925:.
2912:.
2891:.
2883:.
2873:37
2871:.
2850:.
2842:.
2832:35
2830:.
2807:.
2795:.
2780:54
2778:.
2761:.
2740:50
2738:.
2734:.
2689:^
2650:^
2599:^
2582:^
2547:^
2532:^
2457:^
2440:.
2421:^
2406:".
1225:,
1180:.
895:.
877:,
871:,
549:+
493:,
479:,
475:,
434:.
101:Pg
45:Ma
2982::
2914:9
2899:.
2887::
2879::
2858:.
2846::
2838::
2815:.
2803::
2752:.
2746::
2732:"
2451:.
2438:"
2434:"
2302:†
2021:†
1027:)
783:(
521:(
507:(
483:(
106:N
96:K
91:J
86:T
81:P
76:C
71:D
66:S
61:O
56:Ꞓ
20:)
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