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in size and appearance; they measure 45 to 52 centimetres (18 to 20 inches) long and weigh 1 to 1.5 kg (2.2 to 3.3 lb). They are rotund birds with long, flexible necks and legs, downward-curving bills and a “hunched” appearance. Their heads are small, but their eyes are relatively large,
548:
Trumpeters fly weakly but run fast; they can easily outrun dogs. They are also capable of swimming across rivers. They spend most of the day in noisy flocks, sometimes numbering more than 100, on the forest floor. They feed on fallen fruit (particularly fruit knocked down by
821:
Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2022. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2022. Downloaded from
553:). They also eat a small amount of arthropods, including ants and flies, and even some reptiles and amphibians. At night they fly with difficulty into trees to roost 6 to 9 metres (20 to 30 ft) above the ground.
3022:
251:
is soft, resembling fur or velvet on the head and neck. It is mostly black, with purple, green, or bronze iridescence, particularly on the wing coverts and the lower neck. In the best-known
259:
are white, grey, or greenish-black and hairlike, falling over the lower back, which is the same colour. These colours give the three generally accepted species their names.
835:
HBW and BirdLife
International (2021) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 6. Available at:
2942:
2717:
848:
Remsen, J. V. Jr., C. D. Cadena, A. Jaramillo, M. Nores, J. F. Pacheco, J. Pérez-Emán, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, D. F. Stotz, and K. J. Zimmer. 8 November 2011.
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The genus' taxonomy is far from settled; anywhere from three to six species (with varying numbers of subspecies) are recognized by different taxonomic systems.
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Approximate distribution of grey-winged (red), pale-winged (green) and dark-winged trumpeter (orange). The ranges are separated by large rivers.
310:
779:
1086:
592:. For these reasons, Spruce recommended that England import trumpeters to India. However, another source says this prowess is "reputed".
456:
736:
Systema
Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
1027:
966:
708:
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836:
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of the dark-winged trumpeter, resulted in the recommendation that it be divided into three species. A 2010 review of the
1013:
242:, due to the trumpeting or cackling threat call of the males. The three species resemble slightly taller, longer-legged
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41:
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66:
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of all members of the family resulted in a suggested total of eight species—two in the grey-winged trumpeter
2618:
910:"A palaeobiogeographic model for biotic diversification within Amazonia over the past three million years"
452:
2882:
2670:
313:'s treatment is the most conservative. They recognize three species, two of which have three subspecies:
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580:" because they call loudly when alarmed, become tame easily, and are believed to be adept at killing
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584:. One source states their skill at hunting snakes as a fact, and the nineteenth-century botanist
61:
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2132:
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2035:
1954:
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http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v6_Dec21.zip
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560:. They lay 2 to 5 eggs with rough, white shells, averaging about 76 grams (2.7 ounces). In the
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739:(in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 154.
524:
Traditionally, only three species of trumpeters have been recognised. A 2008 review, of the
2855:
540:, two in the pale-winged trumpeter complex, and four in the dark-winged trumpeter complex.
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759:. Vol. 2. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 155.
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2112:
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Ribas, C.C.; Aleixo, A.; Nogueira, A.C.R.; Miyaki, C.Y.; Cracraft, J. (2011).
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118:
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gave an account of the friendliness and snake-killing prowess of a tame
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268:
2366:
2197:
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222:
is a genus of birds restricted to the humid forests of the
797:"Finfoots, flufftails, rails, trumpeters, cranes, Limpkin"
795:
Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P., eds. (August 2022).
824:
https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
556:
Trumpeters nest in a hole in a tree or in the crown of a
914:
Proceedings of the Royal
Society B: Biological Sciences
850:
A classification of the bird species of South
America.
881:
Papéis
Avulsos de Zoologia, Universidade de SĂŁo Paulo
247:
making them look inquisitive and "good-natured". The
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665:
Archibald, George W. (1991). Forshaw, Joseph (ed.).
3023:
Higher-level bird taxa restricted to the
Neotropics
2824:
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2142:
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1511:
1454:
1445:
1415:
1375:
1338:
1329:
1306:
1261:
1164:
873:"A taxonomic review of the Dark-winged Trumpeter
274:was introduced in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist
961:. Princeton University Press. pp. 279–280.
1080:
992:Notes of a Botanist on the Amazon & Andes
568:, groups of adults care for a single clutch.
194:
8:
772:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
697:Hilty, Steven L.; Brown, William L. (1986).
703:. Princeton University Press. p. 134.
238:. Birds in the genus are commonly known as
2613:
2421:
2312:
1809:
1686:
1673:
1451:
1335:
1161:
1148:
1087:
1073:
1065:
383:and adds English names to the subspecies:
202:
40:
31:
933:
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774:. London: Christopher Helm. p. 322.
692:
690:
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686:
623:
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619:
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609:
607:
605:
871:Oppenheimer, M.; Silveira, L.F. (2009).
860:South American Classification Committee
669:. London: Merehurst Press. p. 98.
628:Holyoak, David; Colston, P. R. (2003).
601:
311:International Ornithological Committee
288:, as containing a single species, the
1019:A Guide to the Birds of South America
995:. Vol. i. Macmillan. p. 340
234:. It is the only genus in the family
7:
2814:F94921CE-D2C2-4DCC-B031-65EA6A6DAF02
2788:13D5C6F4-1B70-E9EB-C862-7B951711D5AD
457:Handbook of the Birds of the World
25:
638:The Firefly Encyclopedia of Birds
1046:
756:Check-List of Birds of the World
700:A Guide to the Birds of Colombia
65:
1061:on the Internet Bird Collection
894:10.1590/S0031-10492009004100001
877:(Aves: Gruiformes: Psophiidae)"
667:Encyclopaedia of Animals: Birds
27:Family of birds from the Amazon
3033:Birds of the Amazon rainforest
576:Trumpeters are often used as "
459:(HBW) recognizes six species:
296:). The genus name is from the
1:
1014:Meyer de Schauensee, Rodolphe
379:The Clements taxonomy splits
1022:. Livingston Publishing Co.
255:, the secondary and tertial
826:retrieved November 10, 2022
3054:
770:Jobling, James A. (2010).
1812:
1685:
1672:
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1147:
1103:
957:Hilty, Steven L. (2003).
640:. Firefly Books. p.
210:
201:
191:
186:
170:
163:
62:Scientific classification
60:
48:
39:
34:
839:retrieved August 7, 2022
572:Relationship with humans
517:Black-winged trumpeter,
499:Olive-winged trumpeter,
493:Green-winged trumpeter,
487:White-winged trumpeter,
481:Ochre-winged trumpeter,
263:Taxonomy and systematics
463:Grey-winged trumpeter,
419:Dark-winged trumpeter,
413:Pale-winged trumpeter,
387:Gray-winged trumpeter,
926:10.1098/rspb.2011.1120
453:BirdLife International
2995:Paleobiology Database
2770:Paleobiology Database
987:Alfred Russel Wallace
590:grey-winged trumpeter
566:grey-winged trumpeter
562:pale-winged trumpeter
544:Behaviour and ecology
353:Dark-winged trumpeter
344:Pale-winged trumpeter
318:Grey-winged trumpeter
290:grey-winged trumpeter
176:grey-winged trumpeter
50:Grey-winged trumpeter
1055:at Wikimedia Commons
634:Perrins, Christopher
801:IOC World Bird List
959:Birds of Venezuela
855:2009-03-02 at the
489:Psophia leucoptera
483:Psophia ochroptera
415:Psophia leucoptera
348:Psophia leucoptera
3010:
3009:
2982:Open Tree of Life
2801:Psophia-crepitans
2757:Open Tree of Life
2619:Taxon identifiers
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1636:
1635:
1051:Media related to
920:(1729): 681–689.
781:978-1-4081-2501-4
751:Peters, James Lee
501:Psophia dextralis
465:Psophia crepitans
389:Psophia crepitans
322:Psophia crepitans
303:meaning "noise".
294:Psophia crepitans
215:
214:
172:Psophia crepitans
159:
137:
54:Psophia crepitans
16:(Redirected from
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1499:
1487:
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1403:
1393:
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1309:
1266:Messelornithidae
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1238:
1228:
1217:
1206:
1196:
1186:
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1149:
1089:
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1059:Trumpeter videos
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511:P. d. interjecta
438:P. v. interjecta
406:P. c. ochroptera
337:P. c. ochroptera
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132:
70:
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44:
32:
21:
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2435:Aenigmatolimnas
2426:Himantornithini
2407:
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2302:
2280:Miohypotaenidia
2138:
2026:Paraortygometra
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983:Spruce, Richard
981:
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976:
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956:
955:
951:
907:
906:
902:
887:(41): 547–555.
875:Psophia viridis
870:
869:
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857:Wayback Machine
847:
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519:Psophia obscura
506:P. d. dextralis
495:Psophia viridis
470:P. c. crepitans
432:P. v. dextralis
421:Psophia viridis
394:P. c. crepitans
381:P. v. dextralis
367:P. v. dextralis
357:Psophia viridis
327:P. c. crepitans
285:Systema Naturae
265:
257:flight feathers
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2009:
2006:Palaeoaramides
1999:
1989:
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1908:Fulicaletornis
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1771:Heliornithidae
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1691:incertae sedis
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2308:Gallinulinae
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2263:Hypotaenidia
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2094:
2084:
2076:Quercyrallus
2074:
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2056:Pastushkinia
2054:
2044:
2034:
2024:
2016:Palaeorallus
2014:
2004:
1996:Nesophalaris
1994:
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1973:
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1923:
1913:
1906:
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1828:Aptenorallus
1826:
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1625:
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1596:Leucogeranus
1594:
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1513:Balearicinae
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1491:Probalearica
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1434:
1427:
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1343:Parvigruidae
1318:
1297:Walbeckornis
1295:
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1274:
1250:
1239:
1229:
1218:
1207:
1199:Bumbaniralla
1197:
1187:
1176:
1165:
1125:Infraclass:
1018:
1008:
997:. Retrieved
991:
977:
958:
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917:
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884:
880:
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866:
844:
831:
817:
805:. Retrieved
800:
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771:
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755:
745:
735:
725:
714:. Retrieved
699:
666:
660:
637:
630:"Trumpeters"
575:
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534:biogeography
523:
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171:
165:Type species
146:
145:
128:
53:
29:
3038:Bird genera
2930:iNaturalist
2850:Wikispecies
2705:iNaturalist
2651:Wikispecies
2490:Coturnicops
2481:Laterallini
2470:Poliolimnas
2456:Himantornis
2388:Porphyriops
2358:Gallinulini
2347:Pardirallus
2249:Gallirallus
2242:Eulabeornis
2170:Aramidopsis
2153:Anurolimnas
2046:Parvirallus
1985:Montirallus
1858:Belgirallus
1848:Baselrallus
1703:Nesotrochis
1655:See below ↓
1542:Eobalearica
1468:Eobalearica
1396:Badistornis
1366:Rupelrallus
1283:Messelornis
1276:Itardiornis
1252:Orthocnemus
35:Trumpeters
3017:Categories
2870:Psophiidae
2856:Psophiidae
2826:Psophiidae
2796:Xeno-canto
2569:Zaporniini
2551:Aphanocrex
2528:Rufirallus
2511:Micropygia
2504:Laterallus
2497:Hapalocrex
2442:Amaurornis
2225:Dryolimnas
2184:Canirallus
2133:Youngornis
2113:Vitirallus
2066:Priscaweka
2036:Pararallus
1955:Litorallus
1915:Habroptila
1898:Euryonotus
1878:Creccoides
1838:Australlus
1760:Sarothrura
1616:Patagogrus
1606:Palaeogrus
1552:Geranopsis
1417:Psophiidae
1311:Songziidae
1189:Bumbanipes
1154:Gruiformes
1139:Gruiformes
1127:Neognathae
1097:Gruiformes
1095:Genera of
1053:Psophiidae
999:2008-09-15
716:2008-09-19
596:References
578:guard dogs
526:morphology
240:trumpeters
236:Psophiidae
129:Psophiidae
119:Gruiformes
18:Psophiidae
2642:Q10809431
2558:Porphyrio
2449:Gallicrex
2374:Gallinula
2256:Gymnocrex
2191:Crecopsis
2123:Wanshuina
2103:Rougetius
2086:Rallicrex
1975:Miorallus
1965:Miofulica
1935:Ibidopsis
1821:Aletornis
1787:Heliornis
1780:Heliopais
1753:Rallicula
1746:Mentocrex
1532:Balearica
1525:Aramornis
1502:Protogrus
1406:Papulavis
1359:Parvigrus
1290:Pellornis
1231:Ludiortyx
1220:Loncornis
1209:Gnotornis
1178:Aminornis
1107:Kingdom:
807:August 9,
558:palm tree
530:phylogeny
278:, in the
193:3–8, see
134:Bonaparte
85:Kingdom:
79:Eukaryota
2835:Wikidata
2636:Wikidata
2585:Zapornia
2463:Megacrex
2402:Tribonyx
2333:Aramides
2144:Rallinae
1945:Latipons
1925:Hovacrex
1805:Rallidae
1726:Aptornis
1627:Pliogrus
1572:Antigone
1377:Aramidae
1352:Alhuenia
1115:Chordata
1113:Phylum:
1109:Animalia
1016:(1970).
985:(1908).
944:21795268
853:Archived
803:. v 12.2
733:(1758).
564:and the
244:chickens
187:Species
153:Linnaeus
125:Family:
99:Chordata
95:Phylum:
89:Animalia
75:Domain:
3028:Psophia
2841:Q253499
2809:ZooBank
2723:1383475
2697:2474355
2657:Psophia
2627:Psophia
2578:Rallina
2395:Porzana
2270:Lewinia
2208:Crexica
2177:Cabalus
1582:Camusia
1563:Gruinae
1447:Gruidae
1436:Psophia
1320:Songzia
1137:Order:
1133:Neoaves
1131:Clade:
1119:Class:
989:(ed.).
935:3248724
636:(ed.).
551:monkeys
538:complex
440:(Xingu)
301:psophos
282:of his
272:Psophia
249:plumage
219:Psophia
147:Psophia
142:Genus:
115:Order:
105:Class:
2987:915652
2961:176200
2948:104836
2883:111358
2775:371831
2762:915642
2736:176201
2671:111359
2521:Mundia
2367:Fulica
2297:Rallus
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