424:
1050:
53:
33:
1580:
1632:
1476:
343:
is applied. The spore-producing asci are elongated, either club-shaped or cylindrical, featuring a distinctive structure at their tips where a central tube
335:, are apothecial in form—essentially sessile and somewhat cup-shaped with a raised, enduring edge. Within these structures, the supporting filaments, or
1554:
1593:
1716:
1668:
885:
1355:(Pannariaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) a new species with dark, elongate squamules and bacilliform ascospores from arctic Québec, Canada".
1711:
1598:
423:
1619:
1249:
Jørgensen, P.M. (2004). "Further contributions to the
Pannariaceae (lichenized Ascomycetes) of the Southern Hemisphere".
1701:
1298:
Dodge, C.W. (1970). "Lichenological notes on the flora of the
Antarctic Continent and the Subantarctic islands. IX-XI".
1463:
1637:
244:
393:
52:
298:
497:
696:
630:
527:
339:, may be simple or branch towards their tips, which do not expand or form a cap, staining a dusky blue when
1049:
1006:
747:
727:
686:
1706:
1416:
717:
599:
548:
737:
706:
610:
487:
466:
445:
435:
1696:
620:
568:
538:
517:
456:
161:
676:
666:
656:
558:
588:
578:
507:
397:
365:, with a surface that is warty or ridged, and somewhat pointed at the ends. For asexual reproduction,
1647:
1502:
1103:
799:
Zahlbruckner, A. (1941). "Lichenes Novae-Zelandiae a cl H. H. Allan eiusque collaboratoribus lecti".
476:
385:
1212:
1063:Øvstedal, D.O.; Gremmen, N.J.M. (2008). "Additions and corrections to the lichens of Heard Island".
641:
1546:
1673:
348:
170:
47:
361:
are single-celled, colourless, and often contain one or two large oil droplets. Their shape is
1655:
1585:
1489:
980:
881:
849:
413:
1660:
1372:
1364:
1193:
1184:
species from the
Southern Hemisphere with cephalodia producing vegetative dispersal units".
1157:
1149:
1111:
1072:
972:
937:
924:, two new genera for yellow-green, corticolous and squamulose lichen species, previously in
770:
409:
248:
135:
306:
94:
1533:
1107:
1541:
389:
311:
32:
1481:
1690:
1454:
266:
1494:
1318:
1269:
854:
840:
272:
231:. The widespread genus contains about 30 species, most of which are found in south
228:
144:
114:
104:
1468:
818:
Ciferri, R.; Tomaselli, R. (1953). "Saggio di una sistematica micolichenologica".
976:
1624:
1567:
1448:
1351:
Fryday, Alan M.; Elvebakk, Arve; Anderson, Frances L.; Gagnon, Jean Y. (2019). "
820:
Atti dell'Istituto
Botanico della Università e Laboratorio Crittogamico di Pavia
260:
157:
1439:
1368:
1197:
1153:
1115:
1076:
941:
336:
319:
296:, with an underlying layer that is barely noticeable. It houses a green algal
84:
1528:
1515:
362:
232:
64:
1396:(pannariaceae, lichenized Ascomycotina) from Tierra del Fuego, Argentina".
984:
299:
1606:
1433:
1211:
Henssen, A.; Renner, B.; Marton, K.; James, P.W.; Galloway, D.J. (1983).
778:
370:
344:
332:
1005:
Cannon, P.; Aptroot, A.; Coppins, B.; Sanderson, N.; Simkin, J. (2021).
1559:
1377:
1162:
1132:
Elvebakk, Arve; Hong, Soon Gyu; Park, Chae Haeng; Rämä, Teppo (2020). "
374:
347:
blue with iodine within a lighter-staining area, surrounded by a clear
293:
183:
1572:
649:
340:
324:
220:
198:
74:
1410:
801:
Denkschriften der
Akademie der Wissenschaften (Wien), Math.-nat. Kl.
373:, which are pale brown, and produces simple, rod-shaped, colourless
1611:
1520:
1045:. Revisions of British and Irish Lichens. Vol. 9. p. 14.
880:(10th ed.). Wallingford, UK: CAB International. p. 575.
742:(P.M.Jørg. & D.J.Galloway) P.M.Jørg. & H.L.Andersen (2015)
422:
354:
224:
216:
1323:
sp. nov., an alpine lichen in south-eastern
Australia related to
1094:, a new lichen species from Antarctica and neighbouring areas".
194:
131:
1414:
916:
Elvebaak, A.; Robertsen, E.H.; Park, C.H.; Hong, S.G. (2010). "
876:
Kirk, P.M.; Cannon, P.F.; Minter, D.W.; Stalpers, J.A. (2008).
1507:
276:
was erected in 2008 to contain the species formerly known as
1140:(Pannariaceae), two new alpine species from South Africa".
1090:
Park, Chae Haeng; Hong, Soon Gyu; Elvebakk, Arve (2018). "
1127:
1125:
1392:
Scutari, N.C.; Calavelo, S. (1995). "A new species of
1000:
998:
996:
994:
646:
Fryday, Elvebakk, F.L.Anderson & J.Gagnon (2019)
1423:
1244:
1242:
1175:
1173:
1008:Peltigerales: Pannariaceae, including the genera
310:, which collaborates with the fungus to perform
752:(Müll.Arg.) P.M.Jørg. & H.L.Andersen (2015)
955:Passo, A.; Stenroos, S.; Calvelo, S. (2008). "
8:
322:, structures containing the cyanobacterium
1411:
31:
20:
1376:
1161:
615:(P.M.Jørg. & Palice) P.M.Jørg. (2014)
292:is characterised by its small scale-like
1274:, a new alpine lichen from New Zealand"
1180:Jørgensen, P.M.; Wedin, M. (1999). "On
781:. International Mycological Association
762:
512:(Hook.f. & Taylor) P.M.Jørg. (2014)
1317:Elvebakk, Arve; Elix, John A. (2021).
400:and related compounds may be present.
905:(in Latin). Vol. 2. p. 321.
835:
833:
7:
1648:76647210-5165-4a8e-b997-1db6130dee19
481:Elvebakk, S.G.Hong & Rämä (2020)
258:were transferred to the new genera
331:The reproductive organs, known as
14:
1048:
51:
450:S.G.Hong & Elvebakk (2018)
1:
1213:"Studies in the lichen genus
959:, a new genus to accommodate
543:P.M.Jørg. & Sipman (2006)
16:Genus of lichen-forming fungi
977:10.1016/j.mycres.2008.06.025
732:(P.M.Jørg.) P.M.Jørg. (2014)
711:Scutari & Calvelo (1995)
553:P.James & Henssen (1983)
522:P.M.Jørg. & Wedin (1999)
1717:Taxa named by André Michaux
1733:
963:(lichenized Ascomycota)".
701:(Zahlbr.) P.M.Jørg. (2014)
635:Elvebakk & Elix (2021)
396:, although in rare cases,
1369:10.1017/S0024282919000288
1251:Bibliotheca Lichenologica
1198:10.1017/S0024282999000456
1154:10.1017/S0024282920000377
1116:10.1007/s00300-018-2265-x
1077:10.1017/S002428290800741X
942:10.1017/S0024282910000083
857:: Leiden, the Netherlands
394:thin-layer chromatography
384:usually lacks detectable
254:Some species formerly in
176:
169:
150:
143:
48:Scientific classification
46:
39:
30:
23:
1398:Annales Botanici Fennici
1334:Australasian Lichenology
1281:Australasian Lichenology
416:) accepts 28 species of
1268:Elvebakk, Arve (2021).
1223:Psoroma rubromarginatum
903:Flora Boreali-Americana
878:Dictionary of the Fungi
661:(Nyl.) P.M.Jørg. (2014)
498:Psoroma cyanosorediatum
408:As of March 2024,
247:by the French botanist
1712:Taxa described in 1803
1321:Psoroma nigropunctatum
697:Psoroma polychidioides
671:(Hue) P.M.Jørg. (2014)
631:Psoroma nigropunctatum
528:Psoroma esterhuyseniae
430:
748:Psoromaria versicolor
728:Psoroma xanthorioides
691:(Nyl.) Trevis. (1869)
687:Psoroma pholidotoides
573:Nyl. ex Cromb. (1875)
426:
386:secondary metabolites
304:, possibly the algae
1219:Psoroma fruticulosum
965:Mycological Research
961:Psoroma cephalodinum
901:Michaux, A. (1803).
775:Ach. ex Michx. 1803"
718:Psoroma sphinctrinum
600:Psoroma macquariense
549:Psoroma fruticulosum
428:Psoroma sphinctrinum
278:Psoroma cephalodinum
270:in 2010. The genus
1702:Peltigerales genera
1108:2018PoBio..41.1083P
1092:Psoroma antarcticum
738:Psoromaria rosulata
722:(Mont.) Nyl. (1855)
707:Psoroma saccharatum
611:Psoroma macrosporum
488:Psoroma cinnamomeum
467:Psoroma caliginosum
446:Psoroma antarcticum
436:Psoroma absconditum
621:Psoroma multifidum
583:(Vahl) Gray (1821)
569:Psoroma hirsutulum
539:Psoroma filicicola
518:Psoroma echinaceum
457:Psoroma asperellum
431:
1684:
1683:
1656:Open Tree of Life
1417:Taxon identifiers
1357:The Lichenologist
1142:The Lichenologist
1138:P. esterhuyseniae
1065:The Lichenologist
971:(12): 1465–1474.
930:The Lichenologist
887:978-0-85199-826-8
850:Catalogue of Life
681:(Fr.) Nyl. (1855)
677:Psoroma paleaceum
667:Psoroma orphninum
657:Psoroma obscurius
559:Psoroma geminatum
414:Catalogue of Life
208:
207:
139:
1724:
1677:
1676:
1664:
1663:
1651:
1650:
1641:
1640:
1628:
1627:
1625:NHMSYS0001495447
1615:
1614:
1602:
1601:
1589:
1588:
1576:
1575:
1563:
1562:
1550:
1549:
1537:
1536:
1524:
1523:
1511:
1510:
1498:
1497:
1485:
1484:
1472:
1471:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1444:
1443:
1442:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1348:
1342:
1341:
1331:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1278:
1272:Psoroma inflatum
1265:
1259:
1258:
1246:
1237:
1236:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1177:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1129:
1120:
1119:
1102:(6): 1083–1090.
1087:
1081:
1080:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1046:
1044:
1002:
989:
988:
952:
946:
945:
913:
907:
906:
898:
892:
891:
873:
867:
866:
864:
862:
837:
828:
827:
815:
809:
808:
796:
790:
789:
787:
786:
767:
753:
743:
733:
723:
712:
702:
692:
682:
672:
662:
647:
636:
626:
625:P.M.Jørg. (2004)
616:
605:
604:C.W.Dodge (1970)
594:
589:Psoroma inflatum
584:
579:Psoroma hypnorum
574:
564:
563:P.M.Jørg. (1999)
554:
544:
533:
523:
513:
508:Psoroma dichroum
503:
502:P.M.Jørg. (2004)
493:
482:
472:
462:
451:
441:
410:Species Fungorum
398:porphyrilic acid
301:
202:
187:
152:Psoroma hypnorum
130:
56:
55:
41:Psoroma hypnorum
35:
21:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1687:
1686:
1685:
1680:
1672:
1667:
1659:
1654:
1646:
1644:
1636:
1631:
1623:
1618:
1610:
1605:
1597:
1592:
1584:
1579:
1571:
1566:
1558:
1553:
1545:
1540:
1532:
1527:
1519:
1514:
1506:
1501:
1493:
1488:
1480:
1475:
1467:
1462:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1438:
1437:
1432:
1419:
1409:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1329:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1306:(3–4): 439–502.
1297:
1296:
1292:
1276:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1248:
1247:
1240:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1179:
1178:
1171:
1134:Psoroma capense
1131:
1130:
1123:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1047:
1042:
1004:
1003:
992:
954:
953:
949:
915:
914:
910:
900:
899:
895:
888:
875:
874:
870:
860:
858:
839:
838:
831:
817:
816:
812:
798:
797:
793:
784:
782:
769:
768:
764:
760:
751:
741:
731:
721:
710:
700:
690:
680:
670:
660:
645:
634:
624:
614:
603:
593:Elvebakk (2021)
592:
582:
572:
562:
552:
542:
532:Elvebakk (2020)
531:
521:
511:
501:
491:
480:
477:Psoroma capense
470:
460:
449:
440:Øvstedal (2008)
439:
406:
390:lichen products
303:
286:
241:
193:
182:
165:
154:
129:
95:Lecanoromycetes
50:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1730:
1728:
1720:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1689:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1678:
1665:
1652:
1642:
1629:
1616:
1603:
1590:
1577:
1564:
1551:
1538:
1525:
1512:
1499:
1486:
1473:
1460:
1445:
1429:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1408:
1407:
1384:
1363:(5): 419–429.
1353:Psoroma nivale
1343:
1309:
1290:
1260:
1238:
1203:
1192:(4): 341–347.
1169:
1148:(5): 345–352.
1121:
1082:
1071:(3): 233–242.
1055:
990:
947:
936:(5): 563–585.
908:
893:
886:
868:
829:
822:(in Italian).
810:
791:
761:
759:
756:
755:
754:
744:
734:
724:
714:
703:
693:
683:
673:
663:
653:
642:Psoroma nivale
638:
627:
617:
607:
596:
585:
575:
565:
555:
545:
535:
534:– South Africa
524:
514:
504:
494:
484:
483:– South Africa
473:
463:
453:
442:
405:
402:
312:photosynthesis
297:
285:
282:
243:The genus was
240:
237:
227:in the family
206:
205:
204:
203:
191:Psoromatomyces
188:
180:Phloeopannaria
174:
173:
167:
166:
155:
148:
147:
141:
140:
122:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
62:
58:
57:
44:
43:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1729:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1707:Lichen genera
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1675:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1643:
1639:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1465:
1461:
1456:
1450:
1446:
1441:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1413:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1388:
1385:
1379:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1347:
1344:
1339:
1335:
1328:
1326:
1325:P. buchananii
1322:
1313:
1310:
1305:
1301:
1300:Nova Hedwigia
1294:
1291:
1286:
1282:
1275:
1273:
1264:
1261:
1256:
1252:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1207:
1204:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1186:Lichenologist
1183:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1164:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1096:Polar Biology
1093:
1086:
1083:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1059:
1056:
1051:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1034:Protopannaria
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1010:Fuscopannaria
1009:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
991:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
951:
948:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
922:Xanthopsoroma
919:
912:
909:
904:
897:
894:
889:
883:
879:
872:
869:
856:
852:
851:
846:
844:
836:
834:
830:
825:
821:
814:
811:
806:
803:(in German).
802:
795:
792:
780:
776:
774:
766:
763:
757:
750:
749:
745:
740:
739:
735:
730:
729:
725:
720:
719:
715:
709:
708:
704:
699:
698:
694:
689:
688:
684:
679:
678:
674:
669:
668:
664:
659:
658:
654:
651:
644:
643:
639:
633:
632:
628:
623:
622:
618:
613:
612:
608:
602:
601:
597:
595:– New Zealand
591:
590:
586:
581:
580:
576:
571:
570:
566:
561:
560:
556:
551:
550:
546:
541:
540:
536:
530:
529:
525:
520:
519:
515:
510:
509:
505:
500:
499:
495:
490:
489:
485:
479:
478:
474:
471:Stirt. (1877)
469:
468:
464:
459:
458:
454:
448:
447:
443:
438:
437:
433:
432:
429:
425:
421:
419:
415:
411:
403:
401:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
378:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
329:
327:
326:
321:
318:species have
317:
313:
309:
308:
302:
295:
291:
283:
281:
279:
275:
274:
269:
268:
267:Xanthopsoroma
263:
262:
257:
252:
250:
249:André Michaux
246:
245:circumscribed
238:
236:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
213:
200:
196:
192:
189:
185:
181:
178:
177:
175:
172:
168:
163:
159:
153:
149:
146:
142:
137:
133:
128:
127:
123:
120:
119:
116:
113:
110:
109:
106:
103:
100:
99:
96:
93:
90:
89:
86:
83:
80:
79:
76:
73:
70:
69:
66:
63:
60:
59:
54:
49:
45:
42:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
1697:Pannariaceae
1424:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1387:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1346:
1337:
1333:
1324:
1320:
1312:
1303:
1299:
1293:
1284:
1280:
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964:
960:
957:Joergensenia
956:
950:
933:
929:
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921:
917:
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902:
896:
877:
871:
859:. Retrieved
855:Species 2000
848:
842:
823:
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804:
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794:
783:. Retrieved
772:
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629:
619:
609:
606:– Antarctica
598:
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537:
526:
516:
506:
496:
492:Malme (1925)
486:
475:
465:
455:
452:– Antarctica
444:
434:
427:
417:
407:
381:
380:Chemically,
379:
366:
358:
357:produced by
353:
330:
323:
315:
305:
289:
287:
277:
273:Joergensenia
271:
265:
259:
255:
253:
242:
229:Pannariaceae
211:
210:
209:
190:
179:
151:
145:Type species
125:
124:
115:Pannariaceae
105:Peltigerales
40:
24:
18:
1568:iNaturalist
1449:Wikispecies
1404:(1): 5–61 .
1378:10037/18052
1235:(1): 29–48.
1163:10037/20103
1026:Parmeliella
1014:Leptogidium
918:Psorophorus
826:(1): 25–84.
807:: 249–380 .
713:– Argentina
637:– Australia
461:Nyl. (1869)
363:ellipsoidal
284:Description
261:Psorophorus
1691:Categories
1257:: 229–253.
785:2012-02-25
758:References
392:) through
337:paraphyses
320:cephalodia
300:photobiont
288:The genus
251:in 1803.
85:Ascomycota
81:Division:
1529:FloraBase
1477:AusLichen
1229:Mycotaxon
369:develops
235:regions.
233:temperate
223:-forming
71:Kingdom:
65:Eukaryota
1607:MycoBank
1542:Fungorum
1482:30019492
1440:Q7256123
1434:Wikidata
1340:: 54–61.
1287:: 49–53.
1030:Pectenia
1022:Pannaria
985:18675347
861:31 March
779:MycoBank
652:, Canada
412:(in the
371:pycnidia
333:ascomata
307:Myrmecia
239:Taxonomy
171:Synonyms
111:Family:
61:Domain:
1586:1297523
1560:2599883
1455:Psoroma
1425:Psoroma
1394:Psoroma
1215:Psoroma
1182:Psoroma
1104:Bibcode
1038:Psoroma
1018:Nevesia
926:Psoroma
843:Psoroma
773:Psoroma
418:Psoroma
404:Species
382:Psoroma
375:conidia
367:Psoroma
359:Psoroma
349:amyloid
316:Psoroma
294:thallus
290:Psoroma
256:Psoroma
212:Psoroma
184:Zahlbr.
126:Psoroma
121:Genus:
101:Order:
91:Class:
25:Psoroma
1674:PSORO2
1669:PLANTS
1661:626528
1645:NZOR:
1638:176449
1599:191462
1573:175383
1521:1PSRQG
1469:121044
983:
884:
650:Quebec
355:Spores
351:ring.
345:stains
341:iodine
325:Nostoc
221:lichen
201:(1953)
199:Tomas.
197:&
186:(1941)
164:(1821)
138:(1803)
136:Michx.
1581:IRMNG
1534:27537
1508:22875
1495:6434W
1330:(PDF)
1277:(PDF)
1043:(PDF)
225:fungi
217:genus
215:is a
75:Fungi
1633:NCBI
1612:4521
1594:ITIS
1555:GBIF
1547:4521
1516:EPPO
1464:APNI
1221:and
1136:and
1036:and
981:PMID
920:and
882:ISBN
863:2024
264:and
195:Cif.
162:Gray
158:Vahl
132:Ach.
1620:NBN
1503:EoL
1490:CoL
1373:hdl
1365:doi
1217:2.
1194:doi
1158:hdl
1150:doi
1112:doi
1073:doi
973:doi
969:112
938:doi
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219:of
134:ex
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388:(
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